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英语语法期末试卷

英语语法期末试卷
英语语法期末试卷

掌握一门外语很难,但值得付出努力。

英语语法大攻克--现在完成时的讲解

现在完成时的讲解 基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) (1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead ……………… 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army

英语语法-现在完成时用法及习题

目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)

现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情,而是既涉及过去,又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句: 例:1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。(我在北京住过。) 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式,表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过,至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时,表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京,现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have (has)+过去分词”,表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have(has)的后面加上not,疑问句是将have(has)置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型:

We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法(过去分词的构成详见第六章):1.构成现在(过去)完成时 have(has)+过去分词~ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态:参见第十三章 be + 过去分词~ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型:主语+have(has)+not +过去分词~. I have not seen the movie yet.

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

(完整版)(英语语法)四种完成时态

LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在:You are rich. 过去:You were rich. 将来:You will be rich. 过去将来:You would be rich. There be 现在:There is a book on the desk . 过去:There was a book on the desk. 将来:There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来:There would be a book on the desk. 主谓宾状 现在:You study English in the school. 过去时:You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. You are about to study English 过去将来:You would study English in the school You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English. 课堂练习 1:你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他? 2:你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗?3:你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗? 4:我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.

初中英语语法过去完成时

初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1)过去完成时态的构成: 肯定式:had + 动词的过去分词 否定式:hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式:Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法: 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如: She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone

大学英语语法(英语专业必看)

1.Noun Identify the uncountable nouns ? 1. Nouns that have no distinct, separate parts, we look as the whole (气、液、固体) ? 2. Nouns that have parts that are too small or insignificant to count (sand grass hair) ? 3. Nouns that are classes or categories of things (food, clothing, money) P49 ? 4. Nouns that are abstraction (life, work, music) ? 5. Subjects of study (history, math) 不可数变可数三大规律 ? 1. 物质名词(总称名词)若表示不同的种类,或者表示特定的意思,或者是液体名词表示“几杯”或“几瓶”这样的数量时。 ? 2. 抽象名词若是具体化,则可数。与此相反,可数转化为不可数。 ? 3. 当一个名词表示抽象、总称的概念,则为不可数,当一个名词表示具体、特定的事物,则为可数。 物质名词/总称名词变可数 ? 1. 总称名词具体化 ?A: Would you like a cake? ?B: No. I don’t like cake. ? 2. 物质名词变意思 ?I need some paper. / I bought a paper. ? 3. 液体物质名词表数量 ?Two beers and three coffees, please. 抽象名词变可数 ?Art (an art) / beauty (a beauty) / youth (a youth) ?Eg. 1. Youth is not a time of life. It is a state of mind. ? 2. When as a child I laughed and wept– time crept. ?When as a youth I dreamed and talked-time walked. 2Articles Specific reference--the ? 1. 特指是针对交际双方来说的 ? 2. 特指就是根据说话者和听话者共有的知识,或根据上下文,可以识别的事物。 ? 3. 说话者用the是想要听话者找到双方心中都知道的所知,而听话者一方“断定”或“还原”所指对象的方法有多种。 ? 1. Situational/cultural reference ?Eg. Albert Einstein, the famous physicist. ? 2. textual co-reference— ?anaphoric reference (前指)& ?cataphoric reference (后指 ? 1. general knowledge (the sun, the moon, the North Pole, the Equator, the universe, the Renaissance, the Pope 罗马教皇) ? 2. specific knowledge/ local use (let’s go to the library) ? 3. immediate situation (The roses are very beautiful. Can you find the page?)

现在完成时的构成英语语法大全

现在完成时的构成 一)肯定式 主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它 说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例: 1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到) 3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的) 二)否定式 主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分 别改成any,yet。实例: 1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 三)一般疑问式 助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它? 说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。实例:

英语语法大攻克--过去完成时专项练

过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1.He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work

专业英语中的常见语法现象分析

专业英语中的常见语法现象 一.人称、时态和语态 科技英语中主要使用第三人称,但第一人称也经常出现,主要是: (1)叙述某个实验、现象或结论时,告诉读者我们以前也报道过,这里不在叙述; (2)为了引导读者按照作者的思路去思考问题,此时we等第一人称是指作者和读者双方。 另外在文章的开头和结论部分有事也使用we,如in this paper, we report…或者we concluded that…等 时态主要使用三种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时和现在完成时 (1)在叙述一般的科学原理、公式推导、计算过程和结论时,常用一般现在时; 如当提到本文、此图、此表等说明了、表达了什么时 This paper describe s…… The focus of this paper is…… Figure 1 show s …… Most of the common condensation polymers are listed in Table 1-1. (2)在叙述某种实验操作、试剂配制时,常使用一般过去时; 例如:Novozym-435 (2.0 g) was suspended in 25 mL of nanopure water in a 100 mL round-bottomed flask fitted with a water cooled condenser. The lipase suspension was refluxed for 14 h. The suspension was then allowed to cool to room temperature, and water was removed by freeze drying…. The reaction vials were capped tightly and shaken vigorously for a few minutes. Thereaction vials were then placed in a constant-temperature water bath maintained at 37°C for 3h with magnetic stirring…. (3)在叙述已经发生的并且延续到现在的事情时使用现在完成时,如描述研究进展使用In recent years作时间状语时,通常使用完成时 In recent years, Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature. 时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握,需要注意的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃。

英语语法完成时篇

完成时篇(一)——现在完成时 [提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. (Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71)”中,为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下,主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢? 答:完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作,它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。根据定义我们可以了解到,除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外,还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。 一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生,延续到现在,并且说话前已经完成。 例如:The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。 Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。 二、某个动作或状态发生在过去,持续并影响现在,有可能会继续保持下去。 例如:My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。 It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。 Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在,家长们 已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。 I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天,我就认识他了。 三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间,可能是多次动作的集合,也表示习惯性的动作或 状态。 例如:Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。 Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家? How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文? 四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次,也可能是一种经历。 例如:Students are very pride that the president has once visited their school. 学生们为总统曾访问过他们学校而骄傲。 Accidents like this have happened more than 20 times these years.这几年此类事故发生不下20起。 在现在完成时态的句子中,常伴随的时间状语有:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,lately,recently,till/until,always,now,since,today; in past years,all morning,all one’s life,up to now,these days,this week/month/year,for a long time。 现在完成时中有几点语法点要注意的: 1)for引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词。不能用来修饰表示瞬间、短 暂动作或位置转移的动词。如John has come to China for three years,此句错误,come这个动作是短暂性动词,不可能持续发生,因此可改为John has been in China for three years,约翰已经爱中国生活了3年。短暂性动词有appear, begin,borrow,buy,come,close,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,lend,lose,see,start,stop。 2)在表示时间或条件的状语从句可以用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。 例如:He will not quit my job until his parents have permitted.父母允许后他才会辞职。 I will arrive at 6 o’clock if the car h as been prepared then.如果到时车准备好了,我能在6 点到达。 3)It is the first/second time that…这个结构中,that从句要用现在完成时。 例如:It is the first time that I have heard of his deeds.这是我第一次听说他的事迹。

英语语法现在完成时的基本例句精修订

英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

现在完成时的基本例句: 1.I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2.He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3.Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态(例2, 例3),或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况(例1),换言之,现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示,有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。(我现在仍旧没有表)

初中英语语法过去完成时

【初中语法系列】过去完成时,过去的过去!对于理解过去完成时来说,其要义只有一点,那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念: 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。 构成: “助动词had +过去分词”,其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前,他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。例如: When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时,雨已经停了。(雨停发生在醒来之前,即“过去的过去”) 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。例如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止,他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。(到去年年底为止已工作了20年,还有继续进行下去的可能) 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定

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