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英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时常用的副词时间状语

英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时常用的副词时间状语
英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时常用的副词时间状语

现在完成时常用的副词时间状语(一)

Step 1 Warm up

Read the following sentences we have seen.

Have you read Little Women yet?

Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.

Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?

Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic.

Have you decided which book to write about yet?

Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.

Step 2 现在完成时

用法

1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet?

–Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。)

2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去。

e.g. I haven’t seen her these days.

I’ve known Bob for three years.

I’ve been at this school for over two years.

时间状语

already, yet, just, ever, never, before

构成

现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动词的过去分词”构成的,规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。

动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。(注:例子中单词的变化顺序为:动词原形→动词的过去式→动词的过去分词)

一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同

规则变化:

1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如:pick →picked →picked; wish →wished →wished; stay →stayed →stayed

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如:like →liked →liked; hope →hoped →hoped; phone →phoned →phoned

3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:study →studied →studied; hurry →hurried →hurried; reply →replied →replied

4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop →stopped →stopped; clap →clapped →clapped

不规则变化:

5. 以不变应万变。如:let →let →let; put →put →put; read →read →read

6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。如:feel →felt →felt; keep →kept →kept; sleep →slept →slept

7. 结尾的字母d变t。如:lend →lent →lent; build →built →built; send →sent →sent

8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如:buy →bought →bought; bring →brought →brought; catch →caught →caught; teach →taught →taught

句式

1. 肯定句:主语+ have / has + 过去分词(+ 其他)

2. 否定句:主语+ have / has + not + 过去

分词(+ 其他)

3. 一般疑问句:have/ has + 主语+ 过去分词(+ 其他)

4. 特殊疑问句:

1)特殊疑问词(不是句子主语) + have / has + 主语+过去分词(+ 其他)

2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+过去分词(+ 其他)

already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词,但它们的用法不同。

◆already一般用于肯定句中。如:

We have already cleaned up our classroom.

注意:already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。如:

Have you finished your homework already? I can’t believe it.

◆yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。如:

Have you seen her yet?

The bus hasn’t come yet.

活学活用

Write the forms of the past tense and past participle:

drink ______ ______ see ____ ____

find ______ _____ leave ____ ____

tell ____ ____

—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office?

—Maybe he ________ his work yet.

A. doesn’t finish

B. hasn’t finished

C. haven’t finished

Step 3 Exercises

1. Finish 4a and check the answers.

Keys: I have just drunk some tea.

Have you found it?

He has already left.

did he leave

She has already seen the film

haven’t told them yet

2. Finish 4b and check the answers.

Keys: loves, has read, will be, finished, will write, hasn’t read

3. Finish 4c and check the answers.

Make conversations and complete the chart. (Follow the conversation on page 60) Step 4 中考链接

1. —Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand?

—Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.

A. saw

B. see

C. have seen

D. will see

2. —Lunch?

—No, thanks. I__________.

A. will eat

B. am eating

C. have eaten

Keys: CC

Step 5 Homework

Retell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.

过去完成时的标志词

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。 (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 过去完成时-语法判定 1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作 有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去

最新外研版八年级英语(下)现在完成时的用法

` 现在完成时的用法 一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如:你读过那个故事吗?Have you read that story? (―读‖这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响为:是否知道故事中的内容)我买了两个苹果。I have bought two apples. (―买‖这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果) (一)、构成:“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词” (二)、句型结构: 肯定式:主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。 如:I have just come back from Qinzhou. 否定式:主语+have/ has not + 过去分词+其它。 如:I haven’t seen the TV play. 一般疑问句:Have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 如:Has Jack finished his homework? 回答:肯定:Yes, 主语+ have/has . 否定:No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句? 如:How long have you had the dog ? [当堂检测] 完成下列句子: 1.李明还没看过这本书了。 Liming ______ ______ that book ______. 2. 他去看医生了吗? ______he______ ______ see the doctor? 3. 我非常高兴,因为我通过这次英语考试。 I am very happy, because I ______ ______ the English exam. 4. 你在这等了多久了? ______ ______ ______ you _____ here? 5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。 Mum_____ _____that book. 6.你去哪了? Where_____you_____ ?

与各种时态连用的时间状语

与各种时态连用的时间状语 一、常与一般现在时连用的时间状语: 1、副词:always often never sometimes usually 2、短语:every day / week / month / year once a week hardly ever every ten minutes 每十分钟every other ten minutes 每隔十分钟 now and then 不时from time to time 不时 另:客观事实、客观真理只用一般现在时 eg: He always stud ies very hard. They sometimes go to school on foot. Ken doesn’t clean his teeth every day. The No. 2 bus pass es here every fifteen minutes. Do you visit your uncle now and then? 附:一般现在时的基本句型:肯定句:He / She / It / sb. does sth. 否定句:He / She / It / sb. doesn't do sth. 疑问句:Does he / she / it / sb. do sth.? 肯定句:I / You / We / They / 复数名词do sth. 否定句:I / You / We / They / 复数名词don't do sth. 疑问句:Do I / You / We / They / 复数名词do sth.? 二、常与一般过去时连用的时间状语: 1、副词:yesterday 2、短语:last week / month / year / night last Monday yesterday morning / afternoon / evening last May just now = a moment ago two days ago the day before yesterday the other day 前几天 in (已过去的)某年/ 月on (已过去的)某天 at (已过去的)几点钟与某些从句连用 eg: He always stud ied hard last year. Mr. Smith came to see our teacher yesterday afternoon. Did you meet him the other day? They left here at 8:00. Andrew’s father went to Australia in 1978. He went to sleep after he finished his homework. I didn’t hear from him a week ago. The sports meet began on September 20. 附:一般现在时的基本句型:肯定句:sb. did sth. 否定句:sb. didn't do sth. 疑问句:Did sb. do sth.? 三、常与现在进行时( is / am / are doing )连用的时间状语: 1、副词:now 2、某些警示性动词如:look listen 1

与现在完成时连用的时间状1

与现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时表示的是发生在过去,而与现在的情况有联系的动作,或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在而且可能继续持续下去的动作。与现在完成时连用的时间状语,在说明发生在过去而与现在情况有联系的动作时,有时显得难以确定,学生在使用这些时间状语时也容易出错。本文根据现在完成时的用法,将与其连用的时间状语做如下归纳。 一.现在完成时说明的是现在的情况,因此不能和表示过去时间的状语(如yesterday ,l ast week , seven days ago , in 1986 ----)连用。但是现在完成时可以 和表示过去时间的副词just , before连用。例如: 1.I’ve just done my homework . 2.I have never lost a book before . 二.现在完成时可以和表示不确定的时间副词already , yet , never , ever连用。例如: 1.have you forgotten already ? 2.Have you found your ruler yet ? 3.I’ve never heard of that before . 4.–Have you / they ever made dumplings ? --No , I /we /they haven’t . 二.表示持续性动作的动词的现在完成时,经常和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如: 1.I’ve been here for just over two years . 2.I’ve worked here since 1989 . 3.He has worked there since it opened in 1989 . 三.现在完成时属于现在时态,因此可以和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用。例如: 1.That’s one thing I have’t forgotten today ! 2.We’ve been in China for over two years now . 不能变被动语态的情况种种 一般来说,“及物动词+宾语”组成的主动语态的句子可以变成被动语态,但并不是所有这样的句子都可以变被动语态,情况如下: 一.当宾语是反身代词或是相互代词时,不能将主动句改为被动句,因为反身代词或相互代词不能作主语。 We should help each other . -----Each other should be helped by us .(误) They can teach themselves . -----Themselves can be taught by them .(误) 二.表示状态的动词不能变为被动语态。 I have a story book . ----A story book is had by me .(误) He lacks much money . ----Much money is lacked by him .(误)

(英语)英语过去完成时练习全集

(英语)英语过去完成时练习全集 一、初中英语过去完成时 1.—We all went to the park except you last weekend. Why didn't you come? —Because I the park twice. A. have gone to B. had gone to C. had been to D. have been to 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】have gone to去了(尚未回).have been to去过(已回),根据句意在last weekend之前去过,所以用过去完成时,故选C。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法,表示在过去某一时间前已经发生的动作。 2.We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:我们是在太累了,停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致, 3.By the time I finished my homework,my mother . A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ”和“ finished”可知此处应为过去完成时,故选D. 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4.By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到2012年底,我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者,该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时,所以选C。

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

过去完成时(past perfect)

过去完成时(past perfect) 定义 过去完成时(past perfect)①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答:No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)? ⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词 基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

八年级英语现在完成时专项练习

八年级英语现在完成时专项练习 时间:2008年05月08日作者:来源: 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.(呼和浩特) A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______? A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has wr itten 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

各时态常用时间状语总结

各时态常用时间状语 一般现在时 1 every day/week/month/hour/ten minutes, every other day(每隔一天)=every second day=every two days; every three days(第三天,即每隔两天),every few days 2 in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night 3 once a week, twice a year… 4 often, usually, frequently, always(也会出现于现在进行时,表示过于频繁), sometimes, at times(时不时), from time to time, every now and then(时不时), frequently, once in a while(时不时) never(它也会出现于现在完成时),seldom(很少),hardly 5 on Sundays(=every Sunday) 6 right now(此刻, 目前) 现在进行时: now, at the moment, at present, for the time being(现在) right now(此刻, 目前)(也可用于一般现在时) always(表示过于频繁发生) 现在完成时: 1 for + 段时间(可用于各种时态), since+点时间(表示段时间)(ever since, since then) (注意这两个时间状语要求句中谓语动词是可延续性的) 2 in/over the past 30 years(注意只用in the past是一般过去时) 3 lately, recently, just (刚刚), these days(根据情况有时也可用于一般现在时) 4 so far, by now, up to now; up until now(直到现在) 5 ever(肯,疑); never(否); 6 already(肯); yet(否,疑) 一般过去时: 1 现在+过去,(即一般现在时的时间状语+一个过去的时间, 如every day last year, on Sundays last year) 2 yesterday, ...ago, just now(刚才), the other day(前几天) 3 last year/night/month... 4 in the past 5 由when 引起的时间状语从句中.(I was watching TV when he came in)(见后常用句型) 过去进行时: 1 一点时间+过去(3 o'clock yesterday; this time last month) 2 由when 引起的句中.(I was watching TV when he came in)(见后常用句型) 3 参照上下文 4 while两端都用进行时

真题过去完成时

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动词时态的时间状语

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