英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时常用的副词时间状语
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初中英语八下人教版课程状语从句时间状语从句引导词状语从句时间状语时间状语从句是一个非常重要的语法点,用于描述动作发生的时间。
以下是初中英语八年级下册(人教版)中关于时间状语从句的引导词和例句:- when:当...时候- I was watching TV when my mother came back home.(当我妈妈回家时,我正在看电视。
)- while:当...时候,在...期间- While I was doing my homework, my sister was playing the piano.(当我在做作业时,我妹妹在弹钢琴。
)- before:在...之前- I will finish my homework before I go to bed.(我会在睡觉前完成我的家庭作业。
)- after:在...之后- I went to bed after I finished my homework.(我完成家庭作业后去睡觉了。
)- as soon as:一...就...- I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.(我一到机场就会给你打电话。
)- until:直到- I didn't go to bed until my father came back home.(直到我爸爸回家我才去睡觉。
)- since:自从- I have lived in this city since I was born.(自从我出生以来,我一直住在这个城市。
)这些引导词在时间状语从句中起到连接主句和从句的作用,帮助我们更准确地描述动作发生的时间顺序。
现在完成时的时间状语和频率副词1. 现在完成时概述现在完成时是英语中一种常用的时态,用来表达动作或状态发生在过去,但与现在的情况有关。
它通常由"have/has + 过去分词"组成。
这种时态在语法上较为复杂,其中包括了时间状语和频率副词的应用。
2. 时间状语时间状语是用来表示动作发生的具体时间的词语或短语,可以在句子中修饰现在完成时态的动作。
下面是一些常见的时间状语:- already (已经)- just (刚刚)- recently (最近)- ever (曾经)- never (从未)- before (以前)- since (自从)- for (持续)这些时间状语可以放在句子的不同位置,根据具体的语境和句子结构来确定它们的位置。
例如:- I have already finished my homework. (我已经完成作业了。
)- She has never been to China. (她从未去过中国。
)- They have been friends since childhood. (他们从小时候就是朋友。
)3. 频率副词频率副词是用来表示某个动作发生的频率的词语或短语。
在现在完成时中,频率副词可以用来进一步描述动作的发生频率。
下面是一些常见的频率副词:- always (总是)- often (经常)- usually (通常)- sometimes (有时候)- rarely (很少)- never (从不)频率副词通常放在助动词"have/has"之后,但在动词之前。
例如:- I have always wanted to visit Paris. (我一直想去巴黎。
)- He has rarely seen such a beautiful sunset. (他很少见到如此美丽的日落。
)- They have never been to a concert before. (他们以前从未去过音乐会。
现在完成时的常见时间状语现在完成时是英语语法中的一种时态,用来表示动作或状态在过去发生,并且与现在的情况有关。
在使用现在完成时时,往往需要配合一些时间状语,以便更加明确动作或状态的发生时间。
下面是现在完成时常见的时间状语。
一、具体时间状语1. Yesterday(昨天)例如:I have finished my homework yesterday.(我昨天完成了作业。
)2. Last week/month/year(上周/上个月/去年)例如:He has traveled to Japan last year.(他去年去过日本。
)3. In the past + 时间段(在过去的某个时间段)例如:We have visited Europe in the past two years.(我们在过去的两年里去过欧洲。
)4. For + 时间段(持续了多长时间)例如:She has been studying English for five years.(她已经学英语学了五年了。
)二、非具体时间状语1. Already(已经)例如:They have already finished the project.(他们已经完成了这个项目。
)2. Yet(尚未)例如:He hasn't finished his homework yet.(他还没有完成作业。
)3. Ever(曾经)例如:Have you ever been to Paris?(你曾经去过巴黎吗?)4. Never(从来没有)例如:I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.(我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
)5. Just(刚刚)例如:I have just arrived at the airport.(我刚刚到达机场。
)6. Recently(最近)例如:She has recently started a new job.(她最近开始了新工作。
现在完成时(I)第八单元语法知识等词连用.常用于肯定句或疑问句(均表示:已经).(表示:还、尚),疑问句末尾(表示:已经).现在完成时的构成及句型结构:(注:过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化,规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样,不规则变化见教材137页)1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间.eg: I have already lost the key.我已经弄丢了钥匙.(我现在没有钥匙)Hehas everread that book .他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容)Theyhave just cleaned their hands.他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间.eg: I haven’tlost the key yet.Hehasn’t ever read that book .Theyhaven’t just cleanedtheir hands.3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.eg:Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间?eg: What have you alreadydone?(done是do/does的过去分词)What has he ever done?What have they just done?定义:(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状解释:一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去.He has lived in Beijing since he was born . (自从他出生以后就居住在北京)解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去)Have you stayed here since3 o’clock?(自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗?)例题:选用for和since填空:1.We haven’t seen each other ___ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory ____ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on ____ 20 minutes.4.Mr. Green has worked here _____ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _____ several years.6. It’s five years ______ we met last time.7.I have already had dinner. (否定)I _______ _______ dinner _______.8. Mum has cooked the dinner.Mum _______ ________ the dinner.9. Susan has learned English at school. Susan________________English at school.10.I have already had dinner. (提问)_______ _______ ________ _________ _______?11. He has just finished his homework. _______ _______ _______ ________ ________?12. Susan has learned English at school. _______ _______ ________ ________ _______?过去的时间状语连用.eg: I have already seen the film. (现在完成时,已经看了这部电影,并且知道电影的内容)I saw the film last week. (一般过去式,因为后面有表示过去的时间状语last week)He has lived here since 1993. (现在完成时,后面有since引导的时间状语从句)He lived here in 1993. (一般过去时,1993年住在这儿,现在没住在这儿了)例题:1. _____ you ________(clean) the room?Yes, we__________(do) that already.2. When _______ you ______(do) it?We _______(do) it an hour ago.3.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.4. When _____ he _____(see) it?He______ it last week.5. I _______ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.6.Mr. Chen _________(give)up smoking last year.7. She _____(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.How ____ she ____(go) there?She ____(go) there by air.现在完成时(II)第九单元语法知识1.构成:含有be动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has+ been+ to+地点”构成,表示:曾经去过某地… (been是be的过去分词,不规则变化)2.基本句型:(1)肯定句:主语+have/has+ been+ to+地点.肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.eg: Have you been to Australia? Yes, I have. No. I haven’t.Have they been toBeijing? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.Has he been toSouth Africa? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主语+ been?eg:Where have you been?Where have they been?Where has he been?3.用法:用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态,其结果却和现在有联系.动作和结果发生在过去,但它的影响现在还在.可以和never, ever,once, twice, three/four…times 等副词连用.eg: They have been to Chongqing twice.I have never been to Sichuan.Has she ever been to Hainan?3.区别:eg:例题:1.—Where is your brother?—He __________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.2. — _____ you ever _______ to America?—Yes, I _______ New York twice.3. —David ___________ Australia.—I’m sure he has already arrived.4. —Is Benny here?—No, he ______ the school library. He left five minutes ago.4.Mike and his parents __________ the south for half a year.6. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.7. You can’t find him. He__________Xi’an.8. Mr. Zhang __________ this school for ten years. He knows everyone here.9. Miss. Brown __________ China three times.10. I __________ the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos of it .11. Tom ___________ Jim’s home, but he hasn’t come back.12. We ____________ the bookshop and bought many books.13. My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.现在完成时(III)第十单元语法知识动词按其动作发生的方式,发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
Unit9 Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?一、词汇与短语◆重点单词A 局部1.amusement 消遣;玩耍n. 3.somewhere 在某处;到某处adv. 5.camera 照相机;摄影机;摄像机n. 7.invention 制造;制造物n. 9.invent 制造;制造v.2.social 社会的adj.4.peaceful 和平的;清静的adj. 6.performance 表演;演出n. 8.perfect 完善的;完全的adj. 10.itself (it 的反身代词)它自己pron.11.unbelievable 难以置信的;不真实的adj. 12.collect 收集;采集v.13.progress 进步;进展v.&n. 15.rapid 快速的;快速的adj. 17.unusual 特别的;不寻常的adj. 19.toilet 坐便器;厕所n. 14.theme 主题n.16.ride 供乘骑的游乐设施;短途旅程n. 18.province 省份n.20.encourage 鼓舞v.21.German 德国的;德语的;德国人的adj. 德语;德国人n.B 局部1.thousand 一千num. 3.safe 安全的;无危急的adj. 5.simply 仅仅;只;不过adj. 7.fear 几可怕;惧怕v.&n. 9.Indian 印度的adj. 印度人n. 2.fox 狐狸n.4.equator 赤道n. 6.spring 春天n. 8.mostly 主要地;通常adv. 10.location 地点;位置n.11.whether 不管……(还是);或者……(或者);是否conj. 12.Japanese 日本的;日本人的;日语的adj. 日本人;日语n. 13.whenever 在任何……的时候;无论何时conj.◆重点短语A 局部1.amusementpark 游乐场3.teaart 茶艺5.acoupleof 两个;一对;几个7.ahistorymuseum 历史博物馆9.aspacemuseum 太空博物馆11.anartmuseum 艺术博物馆13.awaterpark 水上公园2.learnabout 了解4.leadto 导致6.campinthemountains 在山中宿营8.putupatent 搭帐篷10.haveinformationabout 有关于……的信息12.progressinsucharapidway 进步如此快速14.acoupleoftimes 几次15.inthefuture 在将来17.haveagreattime 过得开心19.afilmmuseum 电影博物馆16.encouragesb.todosth. 鼓舞某人做某事18.somewheredifferent 某个不同的地方20.theteaartperformance 茶艺表演21.takearideontheboatforseveraldays 乘船旅行几天22.thehistoryanddevelopmentof…................. 的历史和进展B 局部1.allyearround 全年3.alotofthetime 大局部时间5.outsideofChina 在中国以外7.duringthedaytime 在白天9.becloseto 靠近;接近11.choosetodosth. 选择做某事2.thousandsof 数以千计的;许很多多的4.inthedark 在黑暗中6.anEnglish -speakingcountry 一个说英语的国家8.haveproblemsdoingsth. 做某事有困难10.thebesttimetodosth. 做某事的最好时间12.befarfrom 远离13.threequartersofthepopulation 人口的四分之三14.ontheonehand ……ontheotherhand ……一方面……另一方面……◆重点句子A 局部1.—Have youever beento thespacemuseum? —你曾去过太空博物馆吗?—Yes,Ihave.Howaboutyou? —是的,我去过。
现在完成时一.定义三要素与构成〔has/have done〕1.表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。
By now, I have remembered 1000 English words.2.一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响。
常见时间状语:常和already〔已经〕,yet〔已经〕,just〔刚刚〕,still〔仍旧〕,so far〔到目前为止〕,till now,(直到现在),before〔以前〕,ever〔曾经〕,3 times(三次),in the past/last..years(在过去几年)I have spent all of my money so far.(1)already:〔已经〕用于确定句位置:放于助动词与done 之间或者放在句末(2)yet:疑问句〔已经〕否认句〔还〕位置:常放句尾(3)ever(曾经):疑问/确定位置:助动词与done之间(4)never〔从不〕位置:助动词与done之间【练习】〔1〕——你吃过早餐了吗?—Have you had breakfast ____?——是的,我已经吃过了。
/不,我还没吃。
—Yes,I have ________ had it./No,I haven’t had it ____.〔2〕I have ______ read this book,so I don’t know what it is about.〔3〕—Have you _____ been to the Great Wall? It’s so wonderful and great.—No,I have ______ been there.3.一个动作开头于过去,并持续到现在〔或许还将持续下去〕。
常见时间状语:①for+一段时间“长达/持续了……②since+过去一个时间点,表示“自从……以来〞时间段+ago,表示“从……以前〞+for+时间段从句〔一般过去时〕eg:Mary has been ill for three days.We have been classmates since 2 years ago.【练习】〔1〕我已经住在这里十年了。
现在完成时常用的副词时间状语(一)
Step 1 Warm up
Read the following sentences we have seen.
Have you read Little Women yet?
Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic.
Have you decided which book to write about yet?
Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.
Step 2 现在完成时
用法
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet?
–Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。
)
2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去。
e.g. I haven’t seen her these days.
I’ve known Bob for three years.
I’ve been at this school for over two years.
时间状语
already, yet, just, ever, never, before
构成
现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动词的过去分词”构成的,规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。
动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。
我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。
(注:例子中单词的变化顺序为:动词原形→动词的过去式→动词的过去分词)
一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同
规则变化:
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
如:pick →picked →picked; wish →wished →wished; stay →stayed →stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。
如:like →liked →liked; hope →hoped →hoped; phone →phoned →phoned
3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。
如:study →studied →studied; hurry →hurried →hurried; reply →replied →replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:stop →stopped →stopped; clap →clapped →clapped
不规则变化:
5. 以不变应万变。
如:let →let →let; put →put →put; read →read →read
6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。
如:feel →felt →felt; keep →kept →kept; sleep →slept →slept
7. 结尾的字母d变t。
如:lend →lent →lent; build →built →built; send →sent →sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。
如:buy →bought →bought; bring →brought →brought; catch →caught →caught; teach →taught →taught
句式
1. 肯定句:主语+ have / has + 过去分词(+ 其他)
2. 否定句:主语+ have / has + not + 过去
分词(+ 其他)
3. 一般疑问句:have/ has + 主语+ 过去分词(+ 其他)
4. 特殊疑问句:
1)特殊疑问词(不是句子主语) + have / has + 主语+过去分词(+ 其他)
2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+过去分词(+ 其他)
already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词,但它们的用法不同。
◆already一般用于肯定句中。
如:
We have already cleaned up our classroom.
注意:already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。
如:
Have you finished your homework already? I can’t believe it.
◆yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。
如:
Have you seen her yet?
The bus hasn’t come yet.
活学活用
Write the forms of the past tense and past participle:
drink ______ ______ see ____ ____
find ______ _____ leave ____ ____
tell ____ ____
—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office?
—Maybe he ________ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish
B. hasn’t finished
C. haven’t finished
Step 3 Exercises
1. Finish 4a and check the answers.
Keys: I have just drunk some tea.
Have you found it?
He has already left.
did he leave
She has already seen the film
haven’t told them yet
2. Finish 4b and check the answers.
Keys: loves, has read, will be, finished, will write, hasn’t read
3. Finish 4c and check the answers.
Make conversations and complete the chart. (Follow the conversation on page 60) Step 4 中考链接
1. —Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand?
—Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.
A. saw
B. see
C. have seen
D. will see
2. —Lunch?
—No, thanks. I__________.
A. will eat
B. am eating
C. have eaten
Keys: CC
Step 5 Homework
Retell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.。