第四讲 介词

第四讲介词和介词短语一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.(2019宁夏银川一中二模）Last July Bell paid a visit on Europe.【答案】on→to【解析】句意：去年七月，贝尔访问了欧洲。

pay a visit to...意为“参观/访问……”，为固定短语。

2.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特二模）Due to my terrible pronunciation,I often got misunderstood or even laughed by others. 【答案】laughed后加at【解析】句意：因为发音很差，我经常被人误解，甚至受到他人嘲笑。

laugh at sb.嘲笑某人，本句使用了被动结构。

3.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨三中一模）Our class held a debate to discuss this problem in last week.【答案】删除in【解析】this、that、every、each、last、next等修饰名词作时间状语时，其前不用介词。

4.(2019辽宁鞍山一中三模）In March 2014,I got the opportunity to apply a job in China.【答案】apply后加for【解析】句意：在2014年3月，我得到一个在中国求职的机会。

apply for申请。

5.(2019黑龙江大庆一中二模）As we were waiting on line,a young man with his son came behind us.【答案】on→in【解析】句意：我们正在排队等候时，一个年轻人带着他的儿子来到我们身后。

wait in line排队等候。

6.(2019吉林四平一中二模）I'm surprised to learn that many people here speak English in addition their national languages. 【答案】addition 后加to【解析】句意：得知这里很多人除了说他们的国家语言外还说英语，我感到吃惊。

near 表示相对的“近”，实际距离可能还很远。如： The small child was afraid to go near the dog. 那小孩子不敢靠近那条狗。 by 和 beside 都表示“靠近”，实际距离可能不是很 近，beside 比by更具体表示“在„„旁边”。如： She was standing beside her mother. 她正站在她母亲旁边。
(2)on 表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如： on May 1st, on Monday, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning 等。 (3)at 表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时 间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如： at 3：20, at this time of year, at Christmas, at night, at this moment 等。
表示原因的介词(短语)
1．for 表示原因时，常与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 等词连用。如： I am sorry for what I said to you. 我因为刚才对你所说的感到抱歉。 2．at 表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听 或 喜 、 怒 、 吃 惊 的 词 连 用 ， 意 为 “ 因 听 到 或 看 到 „„ 而„„”。如：
2．after, in 二者均表示在某一段时间后，但该时段的起点不同。 (1)“in＋段时间”表示以此时此刻为起点的将来一个 时段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。如： My father will be back from abroad in three days. 三天后，我的父亲就会从国外回来。 I cannot see you now; come back in half an hour. 我现在不能见你，半小时后回来。

第四讲代词、数词、限定词、介词考点解析一、常考介词短语at the risk of; at the cost of; at the sight of;beyond control/reach; by accident; by mistake; by means of; by no means; by all means; by heart/learn…by heart; by the way;for good; for the sake of; for fear of; for short; for the benefit of; in the course of; in addition to; in any case; in case of; in honor of; in terms of; in brief; in charge of;in contrast to/with; in detail; in vain; in effect; in/out of danger/fashion/practice/shape/question/(no problem)/the question/on account of; on end; on duty; on the contrary; on the base of; on behalf of; on purpose; on schedule; on a large/small scale; on the verge of; on the edge of;to some/a great/ certain extent;to the point; to one’s joy/astonishment;under control/discussion/consideration/circumstances; other than/apart from; rather than真题聚焦1. What he said is worthy ____ note.（2002）A. inB. ofC. toD. on2. Mr. Smith is too busy to spare any time, ____ Sunday afternoon.A. only inB. except forC. unless onD. except on3. ____ the fact that I don’t like my job, I must work very hard.A. In spite ofB. Instead ofC. As toD. In case of4. He stays _____ till eleven o’clock every morning.A. in bedB. in a bedC. in the bedD. on the bed5. The exam will be on the first half of the book. That means we’ll have to finish ____.A. fifteenth chapterB. fifteen chapterC. chapter fifteenD. chapter fifteenth6. I didn’t go to his party last night, because ____, I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. by second thoughtsC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thought7.Jack can never find his textbook, his tape, ____.A. calculator and homeworkB. his calculator and homeworkC. calculator and his homeworkD. his calculator and his homework8.Michael is home after a year in German. He looks just ____ before.A. same likeB. as same asC. the sameD. the same as9.The pen I am writing my letter with is different from ____.(2003)A. that oneB. oneC. the oneD. the ones10. I tried to catch the ball but it was ____ my reach.A. beyondB. besidesC. in addition toD. as well as11. ____ new products have been successfully trial-produced.A. A great ofB. A large amount ofC. A plenty ofD. A large number of12. You must pack plenty of food for the journey, ____, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.A. on the wholeB. otherwiseC. howeverD. likewise13. I couldn’t find ____, and so I took this one.A. a large coat enoughB. a large enough coatC. an enough large coatD. a coat enough large14. ____ a young woman, the office was empty.(2004)A. But forB. Except forC. BesidesD. Except15. He was caught in the rain yesterday; ____, he fell ill this morning.A. on the contraryB. in contrastC. in other wordsD. as a result16.It is very convention for me to go to work every day because the bus runs ____.(2005)A. every-ten-minuteB. every tenth minuteC. every tenth minutesD. every ten minute17. His son is quite well now, ____ a slight fever.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for18. What you are saying had nothing to do with the question ____ discussion.A. atB. onC. inD. under19. The classroom is quite clean ___ some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.exceptC. besidesD. without20. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___ harm them. (anhui 05)A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than21. ____ of danger, he jumped into the river all at once.A. BecauseB. In termsC. InsteadD. Regardless22. All parts of the house ___ the windows were in good condition. (shanxi 05)A. other thanB. rather thanC. no more thanD. better than23. The big room was almost empty ___ a table or two.A. besidesB. exceptC. in addition toD. except for24. Much ____ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.(2007)A. toB. atC. withD. by25. It ought to be you ____ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than26. I have been to the West Lake three times ____ 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after27. When drinking from a well, one mustn’t forget who dug it. (2008)A. thisB. theseC. thatD. those28. It was almost dark in the street a few very powerful spotlights.A. excludingB. except forC. exceptD. but for29. Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly .A. likeB. sameC. alikeD. same ones30. I hope to meet you again next year.A. sometimesB. timesC. sometimeD. some time31．Whether you learn or not is entirely _____ you. (2009)A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to32. We object ____ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A. againstB. aboutC. toD. for33. Finally he got time for a glance ____ this report. (2010)A. offB. roundC. onD. at34. Would you spare some time to have a chat with me ____ a cup of coffee?A. forB. WithC. duringD. over35. Having a good command of English is ____ an easy thing.A. by all meansB. by any meansC. by every meansD. by no means36. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will influence supply and demand.A. fromB. WithC. toD. for37. He will pass two milestones _____, that is, he will receive his master degree and find a challenging jobs.(2011)A. long agoB. not long agoC. before longD. long before38. I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ____ it does.A. as ifB. in caseC. as thoughD. even if39. The manner _____ which he talked reminded us _____his grandfather. (2012)A. on; towardsB. at; inC. for; byD. in; of40. This treatment works for people of all ages, for the baby ____ for the old man.A. as far asB. as much asC. as long asD. as well as41.The last time I saw her was ____ my brother’s wedding ceremony three years ago.(2014) 41-51A.toB.atC.inD.during42.I have two children but _____ of them likes fruits.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both43.He might have been killed _____ the arrival of the police.A.except forB.withC.forD.but for44.Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are sparely（节俭的；稀少的）populated.A.due toB.but forC.in spite ofD.with regard to45.Many teenagers feel no difficulty _____ computor.A.to learnB.learnC.in learningD.learned46.Henry planned to visit _____ country besides England.A.some otherB.every otherC.several othersD.other47.Students should develop a good attitude _____ tests.A.forB.withC.onD.towards48.No one should blind himself ____ the well-known fact.A.withB.toC.forD.over49.In my bedroom, there is a pair of scissors, a stack of books and ____ flowers on my desk.A.a piece ofB.a pocket ofC.a slice ofD.a bunch of50.____ my delight, our school football team won the game easily.A.InB.OfC.ToD.For51._____ driving to work, Mr. Lead usually goes to his office downtown by train.A.WithoutB. Instead ofC. In case ofD. In spite of1-5BBAAC 6-10CBDAA 11-15DDBBD 16-20BDDAA21-25DADAD 26-30ADBCD 31-35ACDDD 36-40CCBDD41-45BCDAC 46-51ADBDCB专业英语介词、代词真题1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down. (2002)A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.(2003)A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s● this/that /these/those+of…Look at those dirty hands of yours.I really appreciate th is ideas of Henry’s.That lovely cat of yoursThese questions of yours.7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.(2004)A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. _____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal. (2005)A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.(2006)A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an idea about his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and MaryAnn and Jane’s bedroomAnn’s and Jane’s bedrooms15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. _____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ___ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. (2007)A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short English21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation especially ___ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. Theoretically speaking, the ratio of the work done by the machine ___ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A. andB. toC. ofD. against23. Children are very curious ____.A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose24.___ your family, don't take so many risks.A. On behalfB. In honor ofC. For the sake ofD. In favor of25. This is ___ the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. for no reasonD. by no means26. The boy who is talking with your teacher is ___ an athlete.A. anything but（根本不；决不）B. none but(只有)C. all but（几乎）D. something but27. Summer rains came almost _____ as the crops needed them. (2008)A. as a resultB. in a hurryC. on scheduleD. forever28. ———should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. Of no accountC. From all accountsD. By all accounts29. ____ of them knows about the plan because it was secret.(2009)A. SomeB. No oneC. AnyD. None30. You can’t see the president ______ you’ve made an appointment with him.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. except31. Teachers have no right to force their own opinions ____ the students.A. uponB. atC. inD. to32. Do you know what she is majoring _____ at college now?A. onB. atC. withD. in33. _____ forecast the weather it will rain heavily late this morning.A. On account ofB. Because ofC. According toD. Due to34. When we have difficulty ______ obtaining desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger.A. atB. inC. onD. with35. Some students are quick _____ figures. (2010)A. toB. forC. inD. at36. _____ of gift-giving, barter, buying, and selling goes on among the Navajos.A. A great dealB. A great manyC. Much greaterD. Many37. He looked quite healthy though he was _____.A. in seventyB. in his seventyC. at seventiesD. at the age of seventy38. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____ children as Coca-cola.A. forB. inC. toD. with39. He was asked _____ time to hand in his dictation.A. the secondB. a firstC. the firstD. a second40. What he said just now had little to do with the question _____ discussion.A. onB. inC. underD. at41. “Does he speak English or Russian?”“He doesn’t speak _____.”(2011)A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. none42. My sister is going to visit Xi’an with _____ friends. (2013)A. other her two littleB. her other little twoC. her two other littleD. her two little other43. The little girl was left alone, with _____ to look after her.A. anyoneB. someoneC. not oneD. no one44. Her answer is not acceptable, and _____.A. neither am IB. mine is neitherC. either is mineD. neither is mine45.He is now confined _____ the hospital by illness. (2014)A.inB. toC. withD. at46.While Tony was talking in the street, he came _____ an old classmate of his.A.intoB. acrossC. ontoD. up with47.His salary as a bus driver is much higher than _____.A.that of a teacherB. those of a teacherC. these of a teacherD. this of a teacherKeys:1-5AADAC 6-10DDABB 11-15DACBC 16-20DDABD21-25ABCCD 26-30BCADB 31-35ADCBD 36-40 ADDDC41-47ACDDBBA三、模拟训练1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down.A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. ____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parentsare.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the studentsproductive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an ideaabout his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expensesof the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. ____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicatedproblems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ____ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always bewith us.A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short EnglishKeys: 1—5AADAC 6—10DDABB 11—15DACBC 16—20DDABD。

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你能举出哪些例子？
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教师举例： 祖国大地 ( 三) 主谓短语
一朵茶花
前进的步伐 很好看 独立思考 慢慢地走
由主语和谓语组成的短语 , 主语和谓语之间是陈述与被陈述的关系。即表达“谁 ( 什
么) ——怎么样 ( 做什么 ) ”。如果短语中不仅有主语和谓语 , 谓语后面还有宾语或补充成分 ,
第 4 讲：并列、偏正、主谓、动宾、补充、介宾短语
衔接目标 初中回顾：
淡化短语结构知识， 很多学生不了解现代汉语短语结构类型的基本分类， 也不清楚各种短 语的特点及用法。
高中要求：
熟练把握短语的结构有助于分析语言结构， 从而更好地理解语言的意义， 也是高考正确使 用词语（包括孰与）、辨析并修改病句的考点要求。
目标要求：
1. 了解现代汉语短语结构类型的基本分类。 2. 掌握并列、偏正、主谓、动宾、补充、介宾短语的特点及用法
自主梳理 （一）并列短语
由两个或两个以上的名词、动词、形容词组成 , 词和词之间没有轻重主次之分 , 彼此地位 平等 , 这种短语称为并列短语。并列短语一般前后可以互换位置 , 但有些并列短语是不能前后 颠倒位置的 , 因为它有一定次序 , 如春夏秋冬 ( 时间顺序 ) 、油盐酱醋 ( 语言习惯 ) 等。 1. 类型
全神贯注（主谓） 襟怀坦白（主谓） 挥手之间（偏正） 愚公移山（主谓）
竞选州长（动宾） 销售计划（偏正） 色彩缤纷（主谓） 交通规则（偏正）
风和日丽（并列） 禁止吸烟（动宾）
二、动宾、补充、介宾短语
辛勤耕耘（偏正）
巍峨挺立（偏正）
( 一) 动宾短语
由动词和它所支配的对象构成的短语 , 宾语是动词支配的对象 , 表示动作行为的对象、结