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四级英语作文技巧及范文

四级英语作文技巧及范文
四级英语作文技巧及范文

四级英语作文技巧及范文

1.文章结构:(ten sentences, 120words)

Para. 1. S1 General talk of the topic

S2 Thesis: the writer’s attitude towards it

Para. 2. S3 The writer’s reasons to have this attitude

S4 Support I

S5 Detail I

S6 Detail II

S7 Support II

S8 Detail I

S9 Detail II

Para.3 S10 Conclusion: restate the thesis

2. Development Paragraphs:

段落特征:统一,完整,连贯

常用的连接手段:

1.每段的内容要围绕主题句,保持内容的一致性,并从不同的角度来充分发展段落的主题思想。

2.使用代词来代前面提到的人,物或观点

3.重复段落中的关键词,短语或句子

4.使用同义词

5.使用转折词语和句型:

1.用于段落开始的词语:of all, to begin with, nowadays, with the developme nt/invention/progress of…,generally speaking, recently, etc.

常用于段落开始的句型:

1.People’s views/ideas/opinions on…vary from person to person. Some

people think that…

2.Different people have different views on …

3.It is held that…

4.Just as/As the proverb/old saying goes…

5.It is commonly believed that…

6.Is….? Answer to this vary greatly. Some people think that…

7.When asked about…, different people will offer different opinions. Some

people say that…

8.Nowadays, …play(s) an important role in…/…is popular around us. Like

everyth ing else, …has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.

Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

9.…Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the

following ones may be most effective.

10.…There are many reasons/causes for…, bu t in general, they come down to

two/three major ones.

11.There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the

most typical ones.

2.用于举例的词语:for example, such as, for instance, to illustrate, a case in point,

take…for example, etc.

3.用于比较和对比的词语:similarly, in the same way, equally important, in/by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, however, yet, etc.

4.用于表示因果关系或分析原因的词语:due to, owing to, as a result, therefore, so, thus, consequently, among…reasons, one should be emphasized that…, e tc.

5.用于表示层次递进的词语:first/firstly (second/secondly, etc.), to begin with…, moreover, finally, first of all, since then, after that, further, etc.

6.用于表示让步的词语:although, in spite of, despite, etc.

7.用于表示结论的词语:in conclusion, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word, in summary, the conclusion is that…, in brief, etc.

常用于结尾的句型:

1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…

2.Taking into account all these factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that…

3.Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that…

4.All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…

5.All the analysis justifies an unshakable conclusion that…

6.From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…

7.As far as I am concerned, I agree with…/I am really in favor of …/I am of the opinion that…/I hold that…/I cling to the opinion that…

8.There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of…outweigh its advantages.

9.In my opinion,/in my view,/as for me, I…

10.As far as… is concerned, I prefer…to…

11.It’s high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to…/we took measures to solve the problem of…

12.There’s still a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that efforts should be made to…

13.Many solutions are being offered here. All of them make some sense, but none is very satisfactory/adequate enough. The problem should be approached in a new

way/a wider context.

14.There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but …might be useful/helpful.

15.There is no denying that immediate/considerable/special/further attention must be paid to the problem of…

16.There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to the shortage of…

17.It is necessary that effective/proper/quick actions/steps/measures be taken to..

18.It’s suggested that great efforts be made to…

19.It’s apparent/clear/obvious that the task of… requires immediate/great attention/efforts/consideration.

20.To check/control the tendency/trend is no easy task, and it requires a good/deep awareness/understanding of…

3. 段落的展开方法:

1.列举法

2.举例法

3.定义法

4.比较和对比法

5.因果法

6.分类法

7.叙述法

8.综合法

4.词汇的变化

1)用不同的词汇表达相同的意义,避免单调,枯燥的重复。

如:好学生:top/gifted/superior/excellent/outstanding students

损害:have a negative effect on; do great injury to; cause great damage to

妨碍:stand in the way of..; be an obstacle/barrier to..

对…很重要:be indispensable/important/vital to

学习知识:pursue/acquire/learn knowledge/skill

许多:a large portion of; many a; enormous; large numbers of

重视:assign/attach much importance/significance to..

强调:place/put much emphasis/stress/value on..

越来越:be increasingly +adj.; be on the rise; the growing number of..

接触新思想:be exposed to new ideas; have an/some acquaintance with..

接触社会:come into frequent/close contact with the society;

提出观点:advance/put forward/come up with ideas

作出努力:make tremendous/persistent effort to do sth.; take great pains to do sth.

影响学习:interfere with studies; have an interference with studies

产生影响:have/exert a profound influence on…; have a dramatic/undesirable effect on..

取代:substitute for sth.; take the place of sth.; replace sth.

采取措施:take effective steps/measures to

满足要求:meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of

补偿损失:compensate for the loss; make up for the damage

解释现象:account for the phenomenon; explain these phenomena

培养信心:develop one’s interest in..; foster one’s confidence in..

施加压力:put/exert a pressure on..

提供机会:provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/chance for sb.

抓住机会:grab/seize/take the opportunity/chance

献身于:devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career

提高技术,能力:sharpen/improve/enhance/boost one’s skill/ability

加快,促进发展:accelerate/facil itate/advance/enhance/boost the development of…

开阔眼界:broaden one’s outlook; expand/enlarge one’s mental horizons

充满渴望:have a burning desire for..; have a great passion for..

2)使用同一个词的不同词性,在句中作不同的成分,带来新颖性,形成变化。

5. 句型的变化

1)比较级句子

英语通过比较级来表达意思的句子远比汉语多. 比如:

a) A young man’s first car is less a means of transportation than a monument to his

discovery of youthful freedom. (A young man’s first car is not a means of transportation, but a monument to his discovery of youthful freedom.)

b) Success is as much a question of timing as anything else. (Like anything else, success is

a question of timing.)

c) No issue is as basic to individual and national survival as food. (Food is the most basic

issue to individual and national survival.)

2)同位语句子

同位语有两种功能:归纳和解释. 例如:

a)Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the

mind or heart of someone else.

b)But whatever sad episodes exist in our past, we must hold a positive view of our history,

a history that has been the story of hopes fulfilled and dreams made into reality.

3)平行排比句

恰当地使用句子的平行排比,能使文章显得更生动,更有力.

e.g. Our strength makes him strong; our determination makes him determined; our courage

makes him a hero.

4)后置修饰句

运用后置修饰语可以使文章的表达更简洁.

e.g. There is an almost infinite variety of magazines available to satisfy the rich variety of

interests and tastes.

5)插入语

在正常的句子中插入某些成分,也会给句子带来变化.

e.g. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century, a man had to be

aggressive and ambitious--today he has to social and tolerant--in order to be attractive “package”.

6)被动句

在主动句占绝大多数的情况下,被动句能带来一些变化.

e.g. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate

information that comes to you from the outside.

7)倒装句

倒装句不仅带来句型的丰富,而且在句子的连贯上,平衡上也有一定的作用.

e.g. From that science will come the realization that despite technology, man dose not

exercise dominion over nature.

8)名词化句子

正式文体中,名词化句子的运用显得语言表达更成熟.

e.g. Heavy exposure to TV will interfere with one’s studies. (Watching too much TV will

affect your studies.)

9)运用破折号

运用破折号不仅对句子变化有帮助,而且有强调的作用.

6.作文中常见错误

1.时态方面的错误

写议论文一般用现在时态。只有举例,提到过去的事才会用到过去时。

2.主谓,人称等违反一致性方面的错误

写一个句子,乃至一篇文章里人称始终要保持一致,不能一会儿用第三人称,一会儿又用第一人称。

3.修饰语的位置错误

a)Without television, people can’t get information which comes from other parts of the

world immediately.

Immediately既可以修饰comes:“得到迅速从各方面传来的消息”,也可以修饰get:“迅速得到从各方面传来的消息”,意思含糊不清,所以要把它放到can’t的后面。

b)To participate in class discussion, a lot of books have to be read.

不定式短语的逻辑主语决不是o lot of books,为了把逻辑关系表达清楚,要么把不定式短语改成If one wants to participate in class discussion,要么把主句改成you have to read a lot of books。

4.语法结构平行方面的错误

a)With the computer, one can do shopping, banking, and read at home.

用语法平行结构原则来衡量。前面用ing 形式,最后一个用动词原形read是不妥的,为了和do shopping, do banking保持结构上平行,接下来的一个内容要用reading。

b)Participating in class discussion is not only good for the pursuit of knowledge, and

through it we can also develop our analytical skills.

同样,在说同样的事时,相邻的句子在语法结构上尽可能要保持一致。后半句宜改为:It is also beneficial to the development of our analytical skills。

5.代词用法方面的错误

a)Sometimes teachers will inform students of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

They既可以指代teachers,也可以代students,明显的是指代不清。其实只要把其中的一个名词变成单数,用he和they 分别代不同的名词就清楚了。如:Sometimes

a teacher will inform students of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

b)People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves

useless.

It指什么?指influence ,在often proves useless句子中显然不通。作者知道it指人们的努力,但effort这个词前面没有出现过,就不能用it,所以要把it改成the effort。

6.可数名词与不可数名词方面的错误

information, evidence, advice, knowledge等是不可数名词,不能用复数。many, a great number of, another, few等只能与可数名词配用。而a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much等须与不可数名词配用。

7.冠词方面的错误

a)Book knowledge is important, but we should also learn something in the society.

b)When I was in the high school, I always had a beautiful picture of the college life.

在没有特指意义时,不能用表示特指的定冠词The。这几句中的the都应去掉。

c)There is a lot of discussion in the class.

表示上课,用手,走路,上学,住院等都不用定冠词:In class, by hand, on foot, go to college, at hospital。

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