雅思剑桥4-8听力

Section1Question 1 答案 Milperra
听前预测 :提示词为 address,此处应填地址。


题目解析 :本题难度不大,按照拼写记录下来即可得分。

英文地址顺序是由小到大,通常为 : 门牌号+路名+区域名。

牢记该模式,听录音之前,可以达到准确预测的目的。

Question 2 答案 First Class Movers
听前预测 :提示词为 shipping agent,此处应填机构名称。


题目解析 :所听即所得,机构名称属于专有名词,答案应大写首字母。

Question 3 答案 28 November
听前预测 :定位词为 arrival,提示词为 date,此处应填日期或星期。


题目解析 :本题出题句为 It left on the 11th of October and got to Sydney on the 28th of November(货物 10 月 11 号寄出,11 月 28 日到悉尼)。

要注意区分出发时间和到达时间,本题强调 arrival(到达),故答案为 28 November。

Question 4 答案screen
听前预测:定位词为television,提示词为the...needs to be replaced,此处需填名词(单数)。

题目解析:原文中用TV替换了题干中的television,出题句为It isn’t an electrical problem. The screen has a huge crack in it so it’s unusable(不是电路的问题,屏幕有一个大的裂缝,所以看不了)。

从而得知是 screen 需要修理。

Question 5 答案 bathroom
听前预测 :定位词为 item,提示词为 the...cabinet,此处应填名词或形容词。


题目解析 :本题难度不大,Judy 问 What was the second item?(第二件物品是什么?)这是本题很重要的一个提示语。

剑桥雅思12Test8雅思听力Section4答案+解析推荐：剑桥雅思12Test8雅思听力Section1答案+解析、剑桥雅思12Test8雅思听力Section2答案+解析、剑桥雅思12Test8雅思听力Section3答案+解析谈话场景：讲座场景人物关系：教授谈话话題：噪音和城市环境的关系交际与语言表达I “But there's quite a lot going on that these maps don't show, because they can't capture the complex way that sound varies over time.(但是还有很多东西是这些噪音地图没展示出来的，因为它们没法体现声音随着时间变化而产生的复杂情况。

)”其中that sound varies over time为定语从句，修饰前面的the complex way。

2. “As well as that, these records of sound levels take no account of the fact that people vary in their perceptions of noise-so someone like me with years of working in acoustics might be very different from you in that regard.(除此之外，这些记录忽略了不同人对于噪音的感受不同这个事实，比如说，像我这种在声音研究领域工作了很多年的人和你们对于噪音的感受可能就很不—样。

)”其中take account of意为“考虑”，这里的take no account of就可以理解为“忽略”;in that regard意为“在那一方面”。

3.“Some types of sounds that most people would probably think of as nice and relaxing might score quite highly in decibel levels —think of the sound made by a fountain in a town square，for example.(—些大部分人觉得美妙且使人放松的声音很有可能分贝数很高，比如说一个小镇广场上喷泉发出的声音。

Test No.C4T1 /C4T2 /C4T3 /C4T4景点介绍（地图）学校心理咨询服务马戏节目介绍暴走旅行介绍C5T1 /C5T2 /C5T3 /C5T43款婴儿车比较介绍自行车支援组织大学及申请介绍足球俱乐部赛季安排C6T1 /C6T2 /C6T3 /C6T4剧院重建宣传某地火车到各地时刻票景点介绍（地图）展览志愿者工作安排C7T1 /C7T2 /C7T3 /C7T4PS露营服务介绍城市划船游公益步行活动公园简介（地图）C8T1 /C8T2 /C8T3 /C8T4恐龙博物馆活动介绍公园介绍（地图）剧院及其节目介绍城市规划景点介绍历史介绍：give you a brief account of the history旅客自主旅行：let you roam about on your own水及水相关工业：Fast-flowing waterOn the bend in the river:在河流的拐弯处Water wheelsWater millsOperate will into the19centurySteam engine矿产：Availability of raw materials原材料:mineral and iron ore Abundance of local fuels燃料丰富:like coal and firewood煤炭及柴火An iron forge当地手工业者：Local craftsmen在你右边：immediately to your right集体票：group booking大门：entrance gate半圆排列:be arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middleIn the top right-hand cornerMain workshop:Furnace：metal was smelted/tools were cast Grinding ship:tools were sharpened and finishedCottage：be furnished from that periodStable：where horses were kept for transporting the products当地人民的生活状态：you can have a idea of ordinary people's living conditions 展览：be on displace古董Antique暴走旅行介绍You will not be charged for this callDial a new numberPrice listMake a complaintSuit all tastesWe have won two awards for excellence in this fieldWe offer Guided waking tour to suit the discerning travellersWatch out for the developments3款婴儿车比较婴儿车：Baby cots都算比较划算：Be in budget price range突出讲明优点、缺点和我们的判断：we will feature the good points,problem and our verdict 给出我们的判断：give this one a verdict of satisfactory缺点：on the minus side/the negatives for this were安全隐患：safety hazard卡住头部：trap his head最优选的产品：best buy未生锈/未弯曲:be not rusted or bent圆角/平滑角/尖角：rounded or smooth edging without any sharp edges介绍自行车支援组织小型慈善组织：a small charity志愿组织：voluntary organization将自行车输送到发展中国家：exporting bicycles to developing countries木匠：skilled carpenter在附近的工作：jobs in a tree-kilometers radius二手自行车：second-hand bikes不免费送发，因为长此以往，对他们没好处：we don't give them away for free,we'd like to,but long term that doesn't really help the local economy.以5%的价格卖：sell them for5%of the normal prize在媒体上听说：read***in the British media我们没钱了：We simply ran out of money我们将钱花在***：we invest15%of75000prize money to help secure our future奖和金都有作用：the award helped raise our profile,and the money enable us to pay all our shipping costs,which represents our greatest expense我们会将其拆解用零件：we will strip it down for spare parts.We always need tools为我们组织捐款：bring in funds for us接受自行车委托托运：receive a consignment of bikes提高公众认识：raise public awareness大学及申请介绍硬件和地理的优势：an excellent combination of physical and geographical advantages有乡村风格：have rural setting研究能力：research capability/we came7th out of101university我们在**领域获得最高得分：we get a top research grade of five for***推销的话语：sales talk喝杯咖啡：take a sip of coffee由于邮政的原因：postal problems/hold-up is caused by references(推荐人)--the people you give as referees,take their time to reply确保事情正在进行：reassure you that things are moving along给他们打电话：phone them up保持联系：We will liaise between you独立学习是常态：independent learning is the norm关于住宿的事情：on the subject of accommodation earlier给予优先考虑：it is the university's policy to give priority in the allocation of residence places to tree categories,and those are:visiting students,exchange students,and new postgraduate students.供小于求：demand exceeds supply提早预订：put your name down early在学校外住：live off campus好房遭抢购：the good accommodation gets snapped up months before the beginning of term不会对非母语人特殊照顾：will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience多做练习：extra practice在我说下一件事情前：one last thing before I invite further questions足球俱乐部赛季安排野炊：picnic颁奖：presentation of prizes to the players训练课：training session穿红衣服：wear red shirts新委员会：new committee for the Soccer clubThe president:Treasurer:collect the feesSecretary:send out newsletterHead coach:supervise the tam休息：have a refreshments排间距增宽：we've increased the leg-room between the rows安装空调：install air conditioning/it won't get so hot and stuffy后台：backstage宽敞的房间：airy room最先进的音响：the state-of-the-art electronic sound正在巡演：be currently touring the country开始及结束的时间：it start on[date]and runs till[date]演出开始的时间：the time that curtain goes up公共交通：public transport/there are still buses running购票方式：in person/by phone/by fax/by post/online某地火车到各地时刻票在当地进行旅行：do a few local trips宣传页：Leaflet当地运输线服务：local commuter lines and regional services平时及周末：weekdays and weekends餐车：buffet car折扣票：discounted tickets定做：seat reservation主题公园：theme park做矿工的电梯及拉煤火车：ride in the original miner's lift and on the coal train远足票：excursion tickets which include entrance fees码头：Dock国际知名的攀岩墙：internationally-acclaimed climbing wall老的水族馆：old aquarium期待：anticipate景点介绍（地图）租户：tenant家庭天堂：family haven家具装修：瓷砖：Tile on the roofs烟囱的砖：bricks of the chimney stack were baked from local clayMullioned window built of the local sandstone果园：orchard由箭头标出：Marked with the arrow当你转过第一个急转弯：as you go round the first sharp corner梨树：pear tree外国的树：exotic plants从侧门出：leave the house by the side entrance车库：garage地图上没有但是有表明：this is not on the map but it sis all clearly signposted跨越田地：cross the field这条路上的树为人们提供受人欢迎的树荫：the trees along this path provide welcome shade水磨坊：water mill令人震惊的景象：stunning view你不会后悔的！You won't regret it展览志愿者工作安排员工管理者：staff manager检票：stamping the entrance tickets发放宣传页：giving out publicity leaflet分发入场券：distributing entrance tickets在咨询台上班：staffing the information booth医务人员：hospitality staffSheer numberAttendant临时工:temporary staff分发税务表：hand out your tax form在你的工资进行发放前：before your pay can be processed火警出口：fire exits午饭：buffet lunchPS露营服务介绍卖露营产品的零售店：a retail chain selling camping equipment欧洲大陆：continental European我们拥有或者具有独家使用权：In Italy we now have some64sites that we either own,or have exclusive use of.我们要把业务扩展到瑞典：we have a project to expand into Switzerland三星评价：three-star rating每天都有球赛开球：eacy day kicks off with a sports matchMime:哑剧海报评选：a poster competition孩子们很喜欢的：child-friendly每一位顾客都需要拥有保险：all customers are to be insured如果你没有入保险，那么你应该参加我们的保险：if you haven't organised an annual insurance policy of your own,you will need to take out the low-cost cover we offer如果你是老顾客，你将获得特殊服务信息：if you are a regular customer,you'll be kept informed of special offers感谢礼物：a thank-you giftCooking rings fueled by bottled gasPicnic blankets to sit on移动冰箱：cool box晾衣绳：clothes linesMopsBucket在当地餐馆吃饭：dine at a local restaurant城市划船游旅游景点：attractions一般的公园：formal gardens过去的商业和金融中心：old commercial and banking centre of city七屏电影院：seven-screen cinema保龄球道：bowling alley电子游戏厅：video games arcade真人讲解：tour live a live commentary in English/八语种服务：a commentary in8languages每站停服务：this is hop-on hop-off service公园简介（地图）Bicentennial Park建公园需要拆除老建筑：creating the park required the demolition of lots of derelict buildings on the site厂房和商店：warehouses and storehouses高层住宅：high-rise housing development请跟我上楼：follow me up the stairs to where we can take advantage of the fantastic views体操：indoor arena for gymnastics关注台：stadium田赛和竞赛场：track and field圆形池塘：circular ornamental pond划桨船：rowing boats at the boat shed自然湿地Natural wetlandBoardwalk公园升级：park's upgrade青蛙池塘：Frog Pond水鸟保护区：waterbird refugePark's viewing shelter/Sheltered part of the estuary观鸟：Bird watchers who can use it to spy through Binoculars黑天鹅：black swan自己看：spot one ourself恐龙博物馆活动介绍开业时间：opening hours圣诞节：对此时间敏感！25th December留在停车场：remain in the car park向你简单介绍：brief you about what the tour will be/briefing groups in the exhibition area上下车时间15分钟：this allow15minutes to get on and get off the coach80座位：with80seating for80people在外面：in the open air博物馆：museum foyer寄存书包：check in their backpacks with their books at the cloakroomTheatrette我就说到这里：that's all I have to tell you公园介绍（地图）我们的目标是：our remit is to do农学家：agriculturists走在小路：follow the path最东：the further east渔场位置：these two small rectangular shapes here are Fish Farms迁徙鸟：migrant birds沼泽：marsh area暂时不对外开放：certain area are therefore temporarily out of bounds to the public电动车：electric tram powered from solar cells家畜：poultry保存种族多样性：maintain the diversity of breeds to broaden the gene pool for agricultural development五月最美好，因为加国鹅：May will be perhaps our most spectacular month with the arrival of the Canada geese and when our fruit trees will be in full blossom飞鱼表演：our expert fly fisherman is currently giving displays on the lake季节：seasonal calendar最后是***：the final section is orchard剧院及其节目介绍主要地点：major venues提供服务：cater for a great range of arts它包括：under a single roof it houses concert rooms国家管弦乐团：National Symphony Orchestra他们现在常驻这里：they are now based there最值得关注：star attractionThe great Hall:大会堂城市规划市议会：City council高空的电线：overhead power lines电力公司同意付款：power company have agreed to bear the cost of this themselves成年松树：mature pine trees provide shelter and shade解决交通问题：address the traffic problems路扩宽：the pavements will be widened在交叉路口增加标示：increase signage at the intersection避让的标示要移开：A keep clear sign will be erected at the junction of A and B,to enable traffic to exit at all times装红绿灯：install traffic lights。

剑桥雅思8听力解析test4－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－Section1Question 1答案waiter(s)听前预测:定位词为vacancies,提示词为for,此处应填名词(工作名称)。

题目解析:本题难度不大,题干中的vacancies 表示“空缺”的意思,同义词为openings。

Could you tell me what kind of staff you are looking for?(你们需要什么样的员工?)We’re looking for waiters at the moment.(我们正在招服务员。

)waiters 正是本题所需答案。

Question 2答案day off听前预测:定位词为two shifts、choose,the same each week,提示词为your,此处应填名词。

题目解析:本题有些难度,利用two different shifts(两班倒)可进行大致定位。

What about time off ?(具体什么时候休息?)You get one day off and I think you can negotiate which one you want, it’s more or less up to you. But it has to be the same one every week.(你有一天的休息时间,很大程度上,你可以决定哪一天休,但必须每周都固定下来。

)以上对话的主要内容是在谈论休息日确定的方式,即选择day off。

Question 3答案break听前预测:定位词为￡5.50perhour,提示词为a,此处应填名词(单数)。

题目解析:本题难度不大,所听即所得,听好定位词,后面直接给出答案break。

Question 4答案(free) meal听前预测:定位词为inthehotel,提示词为A,此处应填名词(单数)。

Test 1测试1Section 1第一节A:Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.你好,乔治!很高兴你回来了。

很多人打电话给你。

B: Really?B:真的吗?A: I felt just like your secretary!我觉得就像你的秘书!B: Sorry! I went into the library this afternoon to have a look at a newspaper and IB:对不起!今天下午我去图书馆看报纸和我came across something really interesting遇到很有趣的东西A: What? A book ?一:什么?一本书吗?B:No， a brochure from a summer festival - mainly Spanish music. Look， I've got itB:不,一个从夏天的节日——主要是西班牙音乐小册子。

看,我懂了here.在这里。

A: Spanish music? I really love the guitar. Let's have a look. So what's this group 西班牙音乐吗?我真的很喜欢吉他。

让我们看看。

所以这是什么组织‘Guitarrini'?“Guitarrini”?B: They're really good. They had a video Q1with all the highlights of the festival at a他们真的好。

他们有一个视频Q1with所有突出的节日stand in the lobby to the library ， so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments -站在大厅去图书馆,所以我听到他们。

剑8雅思听力Test3Section4原文+答案解析真题下载，请点击：SECTION 4谈话场景 :授课人物关系 :老师独白谈话话题 :经济试图模拟复制其他成功例子时,哪些地方会出现问名师点题剑桥雅思8 听力：交际与语言表达1. 本篇文章节选了是老师授课的一部分。

老师首先回忆说前几讲的内容是关于商业金融,接下来的内容关于商业体系。

本节课的内容是当经济试图模拟复制其他成功例子时,哪些地方会出现问题(And in today’s lecture I’m going to talk about what can go wrong when businesses try to copy their own best practices)。

短语 go wrong 意为“出错,发生故障”。

2. Once a business has successfully introduced a new process—managing a branch bank, say, or selling a new product—the parent organization naturally wants to repeat that success, and capture it if possible on a bigger scale.(一旦商业成功地引进一套新的程序,比如说管理银行分行,或者销售某新产品,母公司自然想复制其成功模式,如果可能的话,在更大范围上将之据为己有。

)say 在此处为副词,是插入语,意为“比如说”。

3. The goal, then, is to utilize existing knowledge and not to generate new knowledge.(这样做的目的是使用已有知识,而不产生新的知识)。

then 也是插入语,本句的主干是 the goal is to...,不定式 to 引导的部分做表语。

剑桥雅思8听力答案解析-Test1Section3剑8下载：，还有更多剑桥雅思8听力解析哦！剑桥雅思8听力原文解析：1. 本段对话是在导师与学生 Sandra 之间进行,导师对 Sandra 的小组计划给出反馈信息。

导师首先指出 Sandra 应该避免排字排版以及格式错误。

关于写作本身,导师也提出了意见, 总体来说,他觉得 Sandra 经常为使用复杂结构和长句而使用它们。

结果呢,即使文章中有分段、副标题,要跟上 Sandra 的想法还是有点困难(Generally speaking, I feel you’ve often used complex structures and long sentences for the sake of it and as a consequence... although your paragraphing and inclusion of subheadings help... it’s quite hard to follow your train of thought at times)。

generally speaking 意为“总体来说”,相似的表达方式还有frankly speaking, 意为“坦率地说”。

for the sake of意为“为了...... ”,如:for the sake of convenience 意为“为了方便起见”。

as a consequence 意为“因此,结果是”,相当于 as a result。

train of thought 意为“一连串的想法”,train 在此意为“一系列”。

2. Sandra 问导师觉得她的计划是否全面了(Do you find it comprehensive enough?),导师回答说还好(yes and no)。

yes and no 用来表示你无法就某个问题给出一个确切的答案。

Test 1 Section 1Hi gorge, glad you’re back, loads of people have phoned you.Really?I felt just like your secretary.Sorry, I went into the library this afternoon to have a look at a newspaper and I came across something really interesting.What? A book?No. a brochure from a summer festival, mainly Spanish music. Look, I’ve got it here.Spanish music? I really love the guitar. Let’s have a look. So what’s this group guitarriniThey’re really good. There had a video with all the highlights of the festival at a stand in the lobby to the library, so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments, drum and flutes and old kinds of guitars. I’ve never heard anything like it before.Sounds greatOk, shall we go then, spoil ourselvesYes, let’sThe only problem is there aren’t any cheap seats. It’s all one price Well, in that case, we could sit right at the front, we’d have a really good view.Yeah, though I think that if you sit at the back, you can actually hear the whole thing better.Yes, anyway, we can decide when we get there.So will you fill in the form or shall II’ll do it, name, address 48 north avenue west seaDo you remember our new postcode, still can’t remember itJust a minute, I’ve got it written down here. Ws62yh, do you need the phone tooPlease. I’m really bad at numbers01674553242, so let’s book 2 tickets for guitarriniOk, if you’re sure 7.5 each is all right. How do you feel the singerI haven’t quite decided. But I’ve noticed something on the booking formthat might just persuade meWhat’s that thenFree refreshments.ReallyYes, look here, Sunday, 17th of June, singer, ticket 6 pounds includes drinks in the gardenSounds like a bargain to meYes, let’s book 2 tickets for that. So what else, I’m feeling quite keen now, how about the pianist on the 22nd of JuneAnna Ventura, I’ve just remembered that’s my evening class night That’s ok, I’ll just have to go on my own. But we can go to the Spanish dancing and guitar concert together, can’t we?Yes, I’m sure tom and kerry would enjoy that too. Good heavens, 10.5 a ticket. I can see we’re going to have to go without food for the rest of the week. We’ll need to book 4Wish we were students. Look, children, students and senior citizens get a 50% discount on everythingIf onlySection 2Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers’meeting to talk about the dinosaur museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there.Well let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to opening hours, we are open everyday of the week from 9 am to 8 pm except on Mondays when we close at 1.30 pm. And in fact the only day in the year when we’re closed is on the 25th of December. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we’re open.If you bring a school group to the museum, when you arrive we ask you to remain with your group in the car park, one or more of the tour guides with welcome you there and brief you about what the tour will be about. We do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really haven’t got much room for briefing groups in the exhibition area.As far as the amount of the time you’ll need goes, if you bring a school group you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit, this allows 15 minutes to get on and off the coach, 45 minutes for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour activities.If you’re going to have lunch in the museum, you will of course have to allow more time. There are 2 cafes in the museum with seating for 80 people. If you want to eat there, you will need to reserve some seating as they can get quite crowded at lunch time. Then outside the museum at the back, there are tables and students can bring their own lunch and eat it there in the open air.When the students come into the museum foyer, we ask them to check in their backpacks with their books, lunch boxes etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. I’m afraid in the past we have had a few things gone missing after school visit, so this is a strict rule. Also some of the exhibits are fragile and we don’t them to be accidentally knocked. We do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them. There is so much that students can learn in the museum and it’s fun for them to have something to do. Of course they’ll need to bring something to write with for these. We do allow students to take photographs, for students who are doing projects, it’s useful to make some kind of visual record of what they see that they can add to their reports. And finally, they should not bring anything to eat into the museum or drinks of any kind.There are also a few things the students can do after the tour. In the theatrette on the ground floor, there are continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs which they can see at any time. We used to have an activity room with more interactive things like making models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures, even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but unfortunately the room was damaged in a bad storm recently when water came in the roof, so that’s closed at the moment. But we do have an IT center where students have access to CD-roms with a range of dinosaur games. These games are a lot of fun but they also teach the students about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitats, survived threats, that kind of thing.And I think that’s all I have to tell you, please feel free to ask any questions if you would like to know any…..Section 3Right Sandra, you wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group’s proposal. The one you’re submitting for the geography society field trip competition. I’ve had a look through your proposal and I think it’s a really good choice. In fact, I only have a few things to say about it, but even in an outline document like this, you really have to be careful to avoid typos and problems with layout in the proposal and even in the contents page. So read it through carefully before submitting it, ok?Will doAnd I’ve made a few notes on the proposal about things which could have been better sequenced. As to the writing itself I’ve annotated the proposal as and where I thought it could be improved. Generally speaking, I feel you’ve often used complex structures and long sentences for the sake of it, and as a consequence, although your paragraphing and inclusion of subheadings help, it’s quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. So cut them down a bit, can you?And don’t forget simple formatting like numbering.Didn’t I use page numbersI didn’t mean that. Look you’ve remembered to include headers and footers, which is good, but listing ideas clearly is important. Number them or use bullet points which is even clearer. Then you’ll focus the reader on your main points. I thought your suggestion to go to the Navajo tribal park was a very good idea.I’ve always wanted to go there. My father was a great fun of cowboy films and the wild west, so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of which were shot there. As a consequence it feels very familiar to me and it’s awesome both geographically and visually. So it’s somewhere I’ve always wanted to visit. The subsequent research I did and the online photographs made me even keener.Interesting, right let’s look at the content of your proposal now.Did you find it comprehensive enough?Well yes and no. you’ve listed several different topics on your contents page but I’m not sure they’re all relevant.Well, I thought that from the perspective of a field trip, one thing I needed to focus on was the sandstone plateaux and cliffs themselves, the way they tower up from the flat landscape is just amazing. The fact that the surrounding soft rocks were eroded by wind and rain, leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain. It’s hardly surprising at tourist flock to see the area.Well, yes, I’d agree with including those pointsAnd then the fact that it’s been home to native American Navajos and all the social history that goes with that, the hardships the endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers, their culture is so rich, all those wonderful stories.Well I agree it’s interesting but it’s not immediately relevant to your proposal, so at this stage I suggest you focus on other considerations. I think an indication of what the students on the trip could actually do when they get there should be far more central, so that certainly needs to be included and to be expanded upon. And I’d like to see something about the local wildlife and vegetation too, not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the tourist invasion hasn’t helped.Ok, I’ll do some work on those two areas as well. But you’re right, there is not much apart from some very shallow-rooted species, although it’s cold and snowy there in the winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can’t penetrate, so it’s a case of flood or drought really.So I understand. Now before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got a few factual questions for you. It’d be a good idea to include the answers in your finished proposal because they’re missing from your draft.So you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what area does the tribal park cover? Do you know?12000 hectares and the plain is at about 5850 meters above sea level Larger than I expected. Where is the nearest accommodation? That’s apractical detail that you haven’t included. Have you done any research on that?Yes, there is nowhere to stay in the park itself but there is an old trading post called Goulding quite near, all kinds of tours start from Goulding too.What kind of toursWell, the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps, but I wouldn’t recommend hiring those, I think the best way to appreciate the area would be to hire horses instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it’s impossible to drive around the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.Ok, lastly, what else is worth visiting thenThere are several caves but I haven’t looked into any details, I’ll find out about themOk, good, now what I’d like to know.Section 4So welcome to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics. Firstly, what do we learn by studying geography.Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth’s surface. But we learn far more than that because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between the particular environment and the people that live there.Ok, we’d like to think of geography as having 2 main branches. There is the study of the nature of our planet, its physical features, what it actually looks like and then it’s the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the impact of those on our planet. Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we’ll be looking at each of these in turn throughout the semester. These include biophysical geography, by which I mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things; then there is topography that looksat the shapes of the land and oceans; there is the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people; we have economic geography, in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use, agriculture for example; next comes historical geography, the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time; and urban geography, an aspect I’m particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of cities, the services that those cities provide and migration of people to and from such cities. And lastly we have cartography, that’s the art and science of map-making, you’ll be doing a lot of that.So, to summarize before we continue, we now have a key answer, studying the subject is important because without geographical knowledge we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them. So, by definition, we wouldn’t be in any informed position to work out how to solve any of them.Ok, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do？Well we collect data to begin with, you’ll be doing a lot of that in your first field trip. How do we do this? There are several means, we might, for example, conduct a census, count the population in a given area perhaps. We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays. We’ve come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.After we‘ve gathered our information, we must analyze it. We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences. This kind of information helps to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live inBut we don’t keep all this information confidential, we then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it. And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps. You’ll all have used one at some stage of your life already. Let’sconsider the benefits of maps from a geographer’s perspective.Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they’re collected into an atlas. They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or just a small part of it in much greater detail. But there is a drawback, you can’t exactly replicate something that is 3-dimensional, like our planet, on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only 2 dimensions. And that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortion on the map. It can’t be avoided. We can also use aerial photographs. Pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth, these are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees, or how much traffic is on the roads at a given time, or information about deep sea beds for example. Then there are landsats. These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations. They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information. You’ll all be familiar with the information they give us about the weather for example.So what we are going to do now is to look at a short presentation in which you’ll see all…..Test 2 Section 1Good morning, total insurance, judy speaking, how may I help youI recently shipped my belongings from overseas back here in Australia, and I took out insurance with your company, some items were damaged during the move, so I need to make a claim, what do I have to do?Ok, well, first I need to get a few details about this. Can you give me your name pleaseYes it’s Michael AlexanderAnd your address pleaseMy old address or my current oneYour current oneIt’s 24 manly street milperra SydneyWhat was the suburb sorryMilperraWho was the shipping agentYou mean the company we usedYes, the company who packed everything up at the point of originIt was first class moversWhere were the goods shipped fromChina, but the ship came via Singapore and was there for about a week Don’t worry, all of that information will be in the documentation. Now, the date, do you know when the ship arrivedIt left on the 11th of October, and got to Sydney on the 28th of November Ok, I need one more thing, there is a reference number, it should be in the top right-hand corner of the pink form they gave you.Let me have a look, yes, here it is, it’s 601ACKI need to take down a few details of the actual damage over the phone before you put in a full report. Can you tell me how many items were damaged and what the damage wasYes, well, 4 things actually, I’ll start with the big things, my TV first of all, it’s a large one, very expensiveOur insurance doesn’t cover electrical problemsIt isn’t an electrical problem, the screen has a huge crack in it, so it’s unusable.I see, any ideas of the price to repair itNo, well I don’t think it can be repaired, it will need a new one.Ok, I’ll make a note of that and we’ll see what we can doNow what was the second itemThe cabinet from the bathroom was damaged as well, it’s a lovely cabinet, we used it to keep our towels inAnd what is the extent of the damageWell the back and the sides seem ok, but the door has a huge hole in it, it can’t be repaired, I’m really not very happy about itAnd how much do you think it will cost to replace itWell, when I bought it last year I paid 125 dollars for it, but the one I’veseen here in Sydney is a bit more expensive, it’s 140 dollarsRight, what was the third itemMy dinning room table, it’s a lovely table from Indonesia, it must have been very hot inside the container because one leg has completely split down the middle, the top and the other 3 look ok, thank goodnessAny ideas of the price to repair itWell I had an estimate done on this actually because it is a very special table to us, they quoted us 200 dollars which is really pricey, so I hope the insurance will cover the total costI’m sure that will be fine, what was the last itemWe have a lovely set of china plates and dishes, you know, with matching cups, saucers, the lot. They were all in the one box which must have got dropped because some plates were broken, 6 actuallyAnd can you tell me the replacement value of theseWell, it’s hard to say because they were part of a set. But they can be up to 10 dollars each as it is such a good setOk so that would be around 60 dollars altogetherYes that’s rightAnd is that all of the itemsYes so what do I have to do now?Section 2Welcome to green vale agricultural park, as you know, we’ve only been open a week, so you’re amongst our first visitors. We have lots of fascinating indoor and outdoor exhibits on our huge complex, spreading hundreds of hectares. Our remit is to give educational opportunities to the wider public as well as to offer research sites for a wide variety of agriculturists and other scientists.Let’s start by seeing what there is to do. As you can see, here on our giant wall plan, we’re now situated in the reception block, here. As you walk out of the main door into the park, there is a path you can follow. If you follow this route, you will immediately come into the rare breedssection where we keep a wide variety of animals which I shall be telling you a little more about later. Next to this, moving east, is the large grazing area for the rare breeds. Then further east in the largest section of our park is the forest area, south of the grazing area and in fact just next to the reception block is our experimental crop area. In the middle of the park, this circular area is our lake, this 2 small rectangular shapes here are the fish farms where we rare fish for sale. To the east of those is the marsh area which attracts a great many migrant birds, in the southeastern corner, beyond the marsh is our market garden area growing vegetables and flowers.All these areas can be visited by the general public for almost all the year, although, please take note of the large signs at the entrance to each area which tell you when certain areas are being used for particular controlled experiments and are therefore temporarily out of bounds to the public. You can see for yourself what a huge area the park covers and a key question is always how can we move around. Well you have a choice of means. All environmentally friendly, cars are banned in the park, we have bicycles which you can hire behind the reception block, the healthy ones of you can go on foot. And finally there is our electric tram powered from solar cells. You find more information about this at the front entrance.A good place to start on your tour is the rare breeds section. We keep goats, sheep and hens and other kinds of poultry. We are also thinking of bringing cows and horses but we do not, as yet, have facilities for these bigger animals. The animals are fed in public twice a day and a short lecture given on their feeding habits and nutritional needs. These are very popular with the public but of course you mustn’t lose sight of the main purpose of having this section, not as such to preserve rare animals but to maintain the diversity of breeds to broaden the gene pool for agricultural development. Green vale changes with the seasons with different events happening at different times of the year. May will be perhaps our most spectacular month with the arrival of the Canadian geese and when our fruit trees will be in full blossom. But there are interesting events on all year round, for example, john havers, our expert fly fisherman, is currently giving displays on the lake. Each of the sections has its ownseasonal calendar. Please consult the summary board at the main entrance. And the final section, as we return to the reception blocks is the orchard. Do take time to browse round our shop, there is a wide selection of books on wildlife, some of them were written by local authors, and the history of farming, including organic farming, something which the park will be diversifying into in the coming month.Section 3Good morning everyone, in today’s seminar Grand Freeman, a biologist who specializes in identifying insects and who works for the Australian quarantine service, has come to talk to us about his current research work. Right, well over to you GrandGood morning everyone, I’m sure that you know that the quarantine service regulates all food brought into Australia. Well obviously they want to protect Australia from diseases that might come in with imported goods, but they also want to prevent insect pests from being introduced into the country, and that’s where I have a part to play. Anyway, my current research involves trying to find a particular type of bee, the Asian honey bee and finding out whether there are any of them around in various states of Australia. We discovered a few of them in Queensland once and eradicated them. Now we’re pretty keen to make sure that there aren’t any more getting in, particularly to new south wales and other states.What’s wrong with Asian honey bees, are they so different from Australian bees?Well in fact, they look almost the same but they are infested with mites, microscopic creatures which live on them, and which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, or could even wipe them out.Well, what would happen if Australian bees died outWell, the honey from Australian bees is of excellent quality, much better than the stuff the Asian bees produce. In fact, Australia exports native queen bees to a large number of countries because of this. When theEuropean honey bee was first discovered out in the bush, we found they made really unpleasant honey and they were also too big to pollinate many of our native flowers here in Australia.That must have had a devastating effect on the natural flora. Did you lose any species?No, we managed to get them under control before that happened. But if Asian bees got in, there could be other consequences. We could lose a lot of money because you might not be aware, but it’s estimated that native bees’ pollination of flowers in vegetable crops is worth 1.2 billion dollars a year. So in a way, they’re the farmer’s friend. Oh, and another thing is if you’re stung by an Asian honey bee, it can produce an allergy reaction on some people, so they are much more dangerous than native bees.How will you know if Asian bees have entered AustraliaWe’re looking at the diet of the bird called the rainbow bee eater, the bee eater doesn’t care what it eats as long as they’re insects, but the interesting thing about this bird is that we’re able to analyze exactly what it eats, so that’s really helpful if we’re looking for introduced insects. How comeBecause insects have their skeletons outside their bodies, so the bee eaters digest the meat from inside, then they bring up all the indigestible bits of skeleton and, of course, the wings in a pellet, a small ball of waste material which they cough up.Sounds a bit unpleasant, so how do you go about itIn the field we track down the bee eaters and find their favorite feeding spots, you know, the places where the birds usually feed. It’s here that we can find the pellets, we collect them up and take them back to the laboratory to examine the contentsHow do you do thatThe pellets are really hard, especially if they’ve been out in the sun for a few days, so first of all, we treat them by adding water to moisten them and make them softer. Then we pour them apart under the microscope, everything’s all scrunched up but we’re looking for wings, so we just pull them all out and straighten them, then we identify them to see if we can find any Asian bee wingsAnd how many have you foundSo far, our research shows that Asian bees have not entered Australia in any number, it’s a good result and much more reliable than trying to find live ones as evidence of introduced insects.Well, that’s fascinating, thank you for those insights, I hope that you might inspire some of our students here to conduct some similar experimentsSection 4I’ve been doing some research into what people in Britain think of doctors, the ones who work in general practice, the first call for medical care, and comparing this with the situation in a couple of other countries.I want to talk about the rationale behind what I decided to do.Now I had to set up my program of research in 3 different countries, so I approached postgraduates in my field in overseas departments, contacting them by email to organize for me at their end. I thought I’d have trouble recruiting help, but in fact everyone was very willing, and sometimes their tutors got involved too.I had to give my helpers clear instructions about what kind of sample population I wanted them to use. I decided that people under 18 should be excluded because most of them are students or looking for their first job. And also I decided at this stage just to focus on men who were in employment, and set up something for people who didn’t have jobs and for employed women later on as a separate investigation.I specifically wanted to do a questionnaire and interviews with a focus group. With the questionnaire, rather than limiting it to one specific point, I wanted to include as much variety as possible. I know questionnaires are very controlled way to do things but I thought I could do taped interviews later on to counteract the effect of this. And the focus group may also prove useful in future, by targeting subjects I can easily return to, as the participants tend to be more involved.So I’m just collating the results now. At the moment, it looked as if in the UK, despite the fact that newspapers continually report that people are unhappy with medical care, in fact it is mainly the third level of care,which take place in hospitals, that they are worried about. Government reforms have been proposed at all levels and although their success is not guaranteed, long-term hospital care is in fact probably less of an issue than the media would have us believe. However I’ve still got quite a bit of data to look at.Certainly I will need to do more far-reaching research than I had anticipated in order to establish if people want extra medical staff invested in the community, or if they want care to revert to fewer but larger key medical units. The solution may well be something that can be easily implemented by those responsible in local government, with central government support of course.This first stage have proved very valuable though. I was surprised by how willing most of the subjects were to get involved in the project. I had expected some unwillingness to answer questions honestly. But I was taken aback and rather concerned that something I thought I’d set up very well didn’t necessarily seem that way to everyone in my department.I thought you might also be interested in some of the problems I encountered in collecting my data. There were odd cases that threw me. One of the subjects who I had approached while he’s out shopping in town, decided to pull out when it came to the second round. It was a shame as it was someone who I would like to have interviewed more closely.And one of the first-year students I interviewed wanted to reassurance that no names would be traceable from the answers. I was so surprised because they think nothing of telling you about themselves and their opinions in seminar groups.Then one of the people that I work with got a bit funny. As the questions were quite personal, and one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t. and in the end, he did do it. It’s hard not to get angry in that situation but I tried to keep focused on overall picture in order to stay calm.The most bizarre case was a telephone interview I did with a teacher at a university in France, he answered all my questions in great detail, but then when I asked how much access he had to dangerous substances, he。