托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第0160课

第十课 SpiritualityTarget Words1. agnostic 6.deify2. animism7.ecclesiastical3. atheist8.exalt4. be inclined to9.pious5. contemplate10.sacrificeDefinitions and Samples1. agnostic adj.a godHis devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs. Parts of speech agnostic n, agnosticism n2. animism n.The belief that natural objects, such as trees, have soulsDesert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds con-tain spirits.Parts of speech animistic adj3. atheist n.One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme beingHe argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist.atheistic adjCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.48Mind and Body4. be inclined to v.To favor an opinion or a course of actionHe couldn’t say which candidate he favored, but he had alwaysbeen inclined to vote Republican.Parts of speech incline n, inclination n5. contemplate v.To consider thoughtfullyIf you contemplate each step for so long, we will never complete thisproject on time.Parts of speech contemplation n, contemplative adj6. deify v.To worship as a godWhen people deify the leader of their country, the leader is able toabuse power more easily.Parts of speech deity n7. ecclesiastical adj.Relating to a churchHe was looking specifically for a university where he could studyecclesiastical history.Parts of speech ecclesiastic n, ecclesiastically adv8. exalt v.To praise or honorHe would often exalt the virtues of his new wife.Parts of speech exaltation n9. pious adj.Having or exhibiting religious reverenceSometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens.Parts of speech piousness n, piety n, piously adv10. sacrifice v.Anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving;giving up something in order to have something more valuable lateronEvery harvest time, the Fadeloni people sacrificed vegetables totheir gods as a show of thanks.Spirituality49In order to succeed in his career, he had to sacrifice his private lifeand his leisure time.Parts of speech sacrifice n, sacrificial adj, sacrificially adv TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word or phrase only once.be inclined to contemplate deify exalted sacrifice1. Traditionally, the Camerian society __________ its leaders, consider-ing them to be sent from the land of the gods.2. To do well in his university courses, he had to __________ a lot of hispersonal time.3. The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders” are__________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage.4. She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mothersaid, so she struggled to remain unbiased.5. The human resources department __________ whether they should letMary go.TOEFL Prep II Circle the likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words.1. animism, animal, animation Theroot anima probably meansa. colorb. deathc. manyd. life50 Mind and Body2. atheistic, amoral, apatheticThe prefix a probably meansa. notb. lovingc. excessived. surelyTOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.In Russia, several religions coexist, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and animism. The most common religion is Christianity, and most Christians are members of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Church has existed for over 1,000 years, surviving even the official atheism of the Soviet era and the agnosticism that may have been even more prominent at the time. During the communist years, many Russians who practiced Orthodoxy sacrificed career and educational opportunities.The tenacity of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are inclined to call themselves Russian Orthodox. That same staying power drives the Church today, which is run by Aleksey II of Moscow. Born Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger, the future patriarch was from a very pious family. As a boy, Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages, when he most certainly began contemplation of the religious way of life he was to choose. As patriarch, Aleksey is exalted in the Church governance, but he is not deified. Aleksey has published articles on Church history and peacemaking in both the ecclesiastical and secular press, broadening the Church’s image both in Russia and abroad.1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?a. The Russian Orthodox Church was banned under Soviet control.b. Few Russians believe in a god.c. Aleksey II has updated the church’s image.d. The Russian Orthodox Church has a long history of strong mem-bership in Russia.leader.” position of churchworking in themeans “whileHere As patriarchBonus Structure —Spirituality512. According to the passage, Aleksey II of Moscow isa. a godb. a high church officialc. a secular leaderd. an atheistLesson 10 SpiritualityTOEFL Prep I1. deifies 2. sacrifice 3. exalted 4. beinclined to 5. contemplatedTOEFL Prep II 1. d 2. aTOEFL Success 1. d 2. b。

第38课写作词汇The Written WordTarget Words1. advent 6.illiterate2. ambiguous7.ingenious3. connotation8.inscription4. decipher9.phonetic5. denote10.symbolicDefinitions and Samples1. advent ing; arrivalThe advent of the automobile greatly increased the demand forpetroleum.Usage tips Advent is usually followed by an of phrase.2. ambiguous adj.Having more than one possible meaningThe sentence It’s hard to say is ambiguous, with different meanings in different contexts.Parts of speech ambiguity n, ambiguously adv3. connotation n. A meaning implied, not stated directlyWhen my boss says,“Thank you,” the connotation is that she’s done talking and I should leave.connote vCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.The Written Word187 4. decipher v.To figure out the meaning, even though it is written in acode or an unknown languageThe Rosetta Stone helped archaeologists decipher ancient Egyptianwriting.Usage tips A cipher is a code or puzzle;decipher means “solve apuzzle written in code.”5. denote v.To mean something clearly and directlyAn “X” next to a name on this list denotes a person who has beenchosen for the soccer team.Parts of speech denotation n6. illiterate adj.Unable to readIn many villages nearly everyone was illiterate and unschooled, andthe few who could read held great power.Parts of speech illiterate n, illiteracy n7. ingenious adj.Very clever and imaginativeAnn thought up an ingenious way to keep other people from acci-dentally taking her pens.Parts of speech ingenuity n, ingeniously adv8. inscription n.Something written into a piece of rock or metalThe inscription on my ring says “August 1,” because that was theday of our wedding.Parts of speech inscribe v9. phonetic adj.Related to the sounds in a languageChildren learning to write often make up phonetic spellings, based on the way a word sounds.Parts of speech phonetics n, phonetically adv188Culture10. symbolic adj.Acting as a sign for some other thing or ideaSince the 1970s, yellow ribbons have been symbolic of hope thatsomeone will return from a dangerous situation.Usage tips Symbolic is often followed by an of phrase indicating the meaning of a symbol.Parts of speech symbolize v, symbol n, symbolically adv TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. advent(a)approach or arrival2. decipher(b)newly invented in a clever way3. ingenious(c)to figure out the meaning4. inscription(d)related to spoken sounds5. phonetic(e)something written into a hardsurfaceTOEFL Prep II Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if nec-essary. Use each word only once.ambiguous connotation denote illiterate symbolic1. If my father told me to be quiet, the __________ was “I have aheadache.”2. The president’s response,“Wait and see,” was __________, meaningthat perhaps he would take action, perhaps not.3. In English writing, a mark called an apostrophe usually __________a missing letter, as in isn’t for is not.4. A circle with a plus attached (U) is __________ of “woman” and ofthe planet Venus.5. Farley was a poor, __________ boy from a remote area who latertaught himself to read and write.The Written Word 189TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.Johannes Gutenberg’s ingenious use of movable type in his printing press had a wide range of effects on European societies. Most obviously,readers no longer had to decipher odd handwriting, with ambiguous lettering, in order to read a written work. Gutenberg gave each letter standard forms, a move that had connotations far beyond the printing business. The inscriptions on tombstones and roadside mileposts, forexample, could now be standardized. The cost of books decreased. Even illiterate people benefited indirectly from the advent of this invention, as the general level of infor-mation in society increased. However, Gutenberg’s press was of limited use for languages that used picture-like symbols for writing instead of a phonetic system. Systems of symbolic pictographs, each of which denotes a word, require many thousands of characters to be cast into lead type by the printer. Phonetic systems, like the Latin alphabet, use the same few characters, recombined in thousands of ways to make different words.1. According to this reading, how did the invention of the printing press benefit illiterate people? a. It helped them learn to read.b. It raised the level of information in a society.c. It lowered the cost of books.d. It saved them from having to read ambiguous handwriting.2. Why was Gutenberg’s press not very practical for languages that use picture-like symbols? a. because character-based languages are made of pictographs b. because phonetic alphabets are clearerc. because there are too many characters to make movable type for each oned. because Gutenberg was European, so he didn’t know any character -based languagesBonus Structure — Most obviously introduces aneasy-to-see effectand implies thatless-clear effects will come later.190CultureLesson 38 The Written WordTOEFL Prep I 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.e 5.dTOEFL Prep II 1.connotation 2.ambiguous 3.denote4. symbolic5. literateTOEFL Success 1.b 2.c。

无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书—— 7天搞定托福单词内容说明:1本书完全免费放出,一共 1600左右个单词均为 100分必会单词!既然每个人在准备托福考试的时候都需要背单词,那么单词书就是一项基础性服务,基础性服务就应该免费!我们都需要空气,但是有人向我们收呼吸费么?电费和水费在欧洲很多国家也是不收的。

中国大陆第一本全免费的托福单词书,无老师制造! 这里是全免费的单词书,同时也是最优秀的单词书!2本单词书是将所有托福真题文章的内容合并在一起,进行词频统计,统计结束时之后,无老师在将所有单词由高到低排列,保证我们先背出现次数多的,保证了大家最高的效率。

为了提高新托福考试在这本单词书中的排位,本书在统计之前就已经将新托福的文章按照两次进行计算,保证考友们背的单词,是最鲜活的单词。

3这本《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》在单词统计结束之后,由无老师亲自筛选, 将我们都很熟悉的单词比如说 apple 、 the 这样的单词全部去掉。

这样极大的减少了考友们的需要背的单词的量。

4由于这本《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》的单词,是按照从高到低的次序来进行排列的, 因此极大的满足了不同考友的个性化需要。

如果你需要考到 100分以上 , 那么你要把所有单词都背过,但是你如果仅需要考 80分,那么出现频率为 3次的单词你就可以不背,因为被考到的几率相对偏小。

5在同一出现频率上, 《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》也是打破了以前的做法,现在是由 Z-A 的排列方式。

防止产生疲劳感。

因为我们发现将单词进行扩展是很简单的,但是难就难在把这个单词背下来,因此把同词根的放到一起,保证了一个单词一旦背下来,那么相关的一系列的单词就迎刃而解。

7单词书为了保证原汁原味,将单词在托福考试之中最常出现的形式作为默认显示方式列出, (括号之中的内容为单词的原型8托福考试要求最为贴近生活,国内考试的考试目的完全不同,因此国内考试会涉及到的很多意项,在托福考试当中不会考到。

400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL第一课60个词Chapter 1 Nature 20-371 Food CropsTarget Words1. ab and on 放弃2. ad ver sely 相反地con ver selyver转；versatilecon ver tible《converselyuniversityuniverseuniversally3. agg re gate合计把egg 不断re在gate里面合计总数。

你究竟有几个好哥哥4. cul tivation 教化；培养熟词cultiv ate，cul=culture—三流的企业靠技巧二流的企业靠管理一流的企业靠文化5. fer ti lize施肥；使丰饶fertilizer 肥料6. in ten si fy 加剧intensive class7. irri gation8. ob tainNo pain，no gain^9. photo synthesis 光和作用photo；synthetic 合成的10. prec i p i tat i on 降水量2 DisasterTarget Words1. anti cipate预期=part icipate 参加2. cat astrophic [ˌkætə'strɔfik]adj. 灾难的; 悲惨的; 激变的; 惨败的3. co llide 碰撞co-teach；co habit￥4. e rupt ion 爆发rupt 破裂bankruptcorrupt5. fa mine ['fæmin]father 在mine 里很饥饿6. flood 洪水7. im pact 影响=influence=effect have an impact on8. per severe 坚持[pə:sə'viə] persist=insist|男人应该对自己狠一点，坚持到底9. plu n ge [plʌndʒ]和plus 哥，一起跳河10. un leash ['ʌn'li:ʃ;ʌn'li:ʃ] 解开lease 合同约束rent3 Evolution and MigrationTarget Words1. ad a pt 改编；适应a djustad o pt 收养嘴巴吃饭的人[2. di ver se 多种多样的diversi ty=melting pot3. evolve 进化viv 活的vivid4. f eat ure以….为特色；以….为主演；兰州吃的很有特色This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.5. gene ration6. in here nt adj/固有的；内在的；与生俱来的in ner peace7. mi grationim migrate （immigration intention）e migrate8. physicalPhysical Educationphysically and mentally9. pro cess；progress10. sur viv e%4 Petr ole um Alter nativesTarget Words1. cons train t 强制train 训练都是强制的2. conta min ationmine污染大3. de plete 耗尽de crease; de scendcomplete,4. dis pose of 处置miss；dismiss5. ele mental 基本的elementary school6. e mission 排放量7. extinctionex tin ct 灭绝的8. reserv oir 水池reserve；well-reserved9. sh rink 收shou缩10. s table*Chapter 2 ScienceTime EfficiencyTarget Words1. adjust 调整一下使其正好2. ar bi tr ary 任意的;武断的Art 艺术在try 的时候都比较任意\恣意3. de nominator 分母de 下面的(numerator 分子)4. ex p one ntially 成倍地5. infini te simal 特小的@6. max imize7. para ll el；para phrase8. pro port ion9. rate；interest rates；exchange rate10. se quence 序列consequenceAncient LifeTarget Words1. ac cura cy；cure；accurate…2. adj a cent 和钱很接近3. com press4. f easi bly 可行的5. gut 勇气，剧情plot6. inte g ral7. over lap重叠laptop8. re tain 保持9. see p漏，渗出；看，有纰漏10. s truct ure；construction|第二课400托福词汇之二ComputersTarget Words1. circ ulate ; circulation流通2. cor rode腐蚀e rode熟词cor rupt3. derive4. detection ; detectivetect=pect=spect=look,spector；repect5. ex ped itiously 敏捷地ex(向外)+ped(足，脚掌，走) pedal 踏板6. im plement 实施compl i ment 表扬compl e ment 补充7. in nov ative；le nov o；legend8. install ation9. main ten ance*10. simu lation 仿真sames t imu lationE ner gyTarget Words1. com bus tion 燃烧2. com ponent 元件3. con vey4. dis crete ly 分别创造（分离地）5. nucleus 原子核…nuclear原子核的6. per meat e7. rotate 旋转rotation（NBA）8. solarlunar9. source10. tri gger 触发Memory&Target Words1. acquisitionacquire2. anomaly 反常abnormal=per ver ted3. consciously=unknowingly subconsciousness4. de grade（inferior）5. gap6. indisputable《dispute 争论7. inter vene8. in tui tively ；tuition直觉地9. re cede10. re tri eveSpiritualityTarget Words1. ag no stic 不可知论的|igno rancenotorious2. animi sm灵气论animation卡通cartoon3. a the ist 只崇拜he自己的人，无神论者4. be inclined to ；be subjected to5. con templ ate6. dei fy敬如神，像见到自己的dad7. ecc lesia stical 拉萨有教会的@8. ex alt 到外面赞扬9. p i ous=religious10. sa cri ficeIllnessTarget Words1. ag grav ate恶化grave2. de crepit 衰退3. dis ease~4. fatally5. fo ren sics 对人的一种科学（辩论学）6. per sist7. pro gnosis 诊断8. term inal；terminate9. vein 静脉veil 面纱pre vail10. w ound；hurt；injury$第三课托福必考400词汇之三SurgeryTarget Words1. a nest hesia 麻醉剂进入Bird Nest 像打了麻醉剂2. aug men t 增大August, 孩子都八个月了,一定很大了3. certifi ably 可证明的4. complicat ion 混乱；并发症；=chaoscomplicated=complex5. cure{6. im plant种植implement7. inject8. obese 远离妹妹的眼球，因为太肥胖了（噢必死, 肥胖必死）9. proce dureprocess10. s carGhostsTarget Words1. astro logical`astro- is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space.2. di vi nation玄学(相信数字占卜未来的国家)3. h aunt4. horror5. intermedi ary 媒介的；中间的6. in vo ke 恳求7. medi t ate 深思mediate 调停在table上深思调停的方法8. phan tom n. 幽灵adj. 幻觉的【Tom 是个幽灵9. psychic 灵魂的10. self-perpetuating；eternal; eternityadj. 能使自身永久存在的An thropologyTarget Words1. as simil ate 同化，吸收2. cre mat ion 火化，火葬3. domestic ate 教化；驯养(4. folklore 民间传说5. fossilize 使成化石6. re lic 废墟；遗物回收re7. rite 仪式right8. ritually 仪式上的9. saga 冒险故事(巴嘎)10. vest ige 遗迹(哥哥的背心)Social Inequality#Target Words1. amend 改善2. bia sed 有偏见的; dis tort3. burden 使负担4. counter 柜台; count on=live off counterpart5. de fact o （法）实际上地6. dis crim inate 歧视7. notion；note8. op press压迫;9. para digm 范例10. pre judice 偏见ExpertiseTarget Words1. cu rri cu lum （see you, see you）2. distinct 明显的; instinct3. e rud ite 博学的学好english 让rude 的人变的博学4. fortify:5. implicitly 含蓄地imply; timid；6. pa rochial 教区father7. rigor 严厉rigid 德国人严厉而睿智8. roster 花名册roast 烧烤9. secu lar 牧师确保人内心安全的人—10. sus pend延迟三思再花钱suspectsuspicionMilitary OperationsTarget Words1. all egiance 忠诚ally 盟友2. art illery）使用大炮是一种艺术3. battle4. cease 停止cancel lease5. hier arch y 等级制度architect6. t ren ch 沟渠又是人又是车7. mo bilize; motivation; self-motivated8. ran k；9. ratio=rate10. strate gic；tactic国家state 层面的，一定是战略性的War and ConquestTarget Words1. an nex 附属物next；=access ory2. apex 顶点&ape猿人很高到了顶点<金刚>3. col lap se ; laptop4. conquestconquer5. de vi se6. invasiveinvade; evade7. pre vail ing8. re sis t9. severely《10. violation 违背400托福必考词汇之四HistoryTarget Words1. chronologicchro nicle；chao；chaos2. coincidecoincidence3. consequence和sese的queen在一起, 结果很严重【4. core5. de ny6. di mini sh 减少7. long itude 经度grat itudegratuityat titudea l titude8. milieu 环境弥留之间依然对环境sensitive|9. recon ciliation 和谐和解, 讲和【记】源于: reconcile(v 使和解), re反复, conciliate(v 安慰)Financial SystemsTarget Words1. al locate使座落于2. commo dity3. de c line 拒绝4. equity 公平}5. in flat ion6. net7. per capita 人均8. regulate9. subsidy10. tangible 有形的River 跳探戈很有形Wealth and Social ClassTarget Words【1. accumulate2. af fluence富裕3. elite4. impoverish 使贫穷poverty5. luxury6. nobility；note7. pre stige=re putation=fame8. pri vilege9. prosper 使繁荣@prosperous10. working classmainstream；middle class；grassroot Personal PropertyTarget Words1. acquire2. ass e ss；poss e ssion3. as set资产settlement4. hazardous$horizon 开阔视野,必有风险enwiden；shorten；strengthen；broaden di ver sity5. jointlyjointly vent ure6. lease=rent；c ease；cozy7. liability 责任reliable8. proprietor 业主priority; real estate; property；9. safeguard10. sole 单独的EmploymentTarget Words1. com pen sate2. dynamic 动态的;有活力的dynasty 朝代必然有变动drama tic3. enterprising 有事业心的~entrepreneurs4. ex ploit 开采；explore；5. in cent ive；annual6. industrious =diligent勤奋的7. margin alize8. merit 优点我总是对的drawback9. pro mo te10. re signre tire！International TradeTarget Words1. dis t ill滴下(病了,打点滴) Tears distilled slowly from her eyes.泪水从她的眼睛里慢慢地滴下来。

托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第12课第12课 SurgeryTarget Words1. anesthesia 6.implant2. augment7.inject3. certifiably8.obese4. complication9.procedure5. cure10.scarDefinitions and Samples1. anesthesia n.Techniques for reducing sensation and feeling, especiallyto control painThe Civil War was the first American war when anesthesia was widely used in surgery on soldiers.Usage tips Anesthesia and anesthetic are often used interchangeably. Parts of speech anesthetic n, adj2. augment v.To make bigger or better by adding toIn some types of popular cosmetic surgery people augment parts oftheir bodies.The college augmented its course offerings because students com-plained that there were too few choices.Parts of speech augmentation nCopyright ? 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Surgery 573. certifiably adv. In a manner that is officially recognizedHe couldn’t be institutionalized until he was declaredcertifiably insane.Parts of speech certify v, certification n, certificate n, certifiable adj4. complication n.complexThe surgeons could not easily stop the bleeding because of complications related to the patient’s diabetes.complicate v5. cure v. To restore to healthThey say laughter can help cure many illnesses.cure n6. implant v. To set in firmly; to insert in the body surgically The actress had cheek implants to make her face look fuller.implantation n7. inject v. To insert a liquid by means of a syringeThe doctor used a needle to inject the medicine slowly into her arm.injection n8. obese adj. Excessively overweightMore Americans are obese now because U.S. culture encourages overeating and discourages exercise.obesity n9. procedure n. A specific way of performing or doing somethingThe flight attendant explained the emergency evacuation procedure.Parts of speech proceed v, procedural adjParts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speechA factor that makes something more difficult or58Mind and Body10. scar n.A mark on the skin left after a wound has healed;a lasting signof damage, either mental or physicalThe surgery was successful, but it left a large scar across her abdomen.Parts of speech scar vTOEFL Prep I For each word, choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line.1.scar(a) bandage(b) mark(c) shine(d) cover2.augment(a) take away(b) discuss(c) use(d) add to/doc/e26058763.html,plication(a) added difficulty(b) improved performance(c) method of training(d) prediction about results4.obese(a) attractive(b) healthy(c) very overweight(d) high5.cure(a) heal(b) study(c) diagnose(d) tie upTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. The (procedure / scar) to prepare for the surgery took four hours.2. Only seriously (certifiable / obese) people should get their stomachssurgically reduced.3. He almost died during the operation because the doctors did not givehim the right kind of (anesthesia / complication).4. Doctors are now able to (cure / implant) many types of sickness thatwere usually fatal in the past.5. Before (augmenting / injecting) a painkiller, the dentist rubbed cloveson the woman’s gums to numb them.Surgery 59TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.Since 1992, the number of cosmetic surgery procedures has risen 175 percent in the United States.Two of the most popular are liposuction and breast augmentation. In liposuction,the doctor inserts a small tube into theskin that sucks fat from the body. And while it may sound easy, it isn’t. Liposuction is so painful that people are often given anesthesia. What’s more, lip osuction is not really a cure for obesity. Rather, it should be used when diet andexercise do not reduce fat in certain “trouble spots.” Another common cosmetic procedure is breast aug- mentation. In this procedure, an implant is inserted through the armpit, making the breasts appear larger. Breast augmentation usually leaves only a small scar. Some common complications include the effects of anesthesia, infection, swelling, redness, bleeding, and pain. To reduce these risks, consumers are advised to be sure that their surgeon is board -certified.1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a. Cosmetic surgery is dangerous.b. Many people do not have cosmetic surgery because of the pain.c. Cosmetic surgery is increasing in popularity in the United States.d. Breast reduction is almost as popular as breast augmentation. 2. In the underlined sentence, trouble spots refers to a. places where people are commonly overweight b. methods of exercise that aren’t effectivec. parts of the body where liposuction doesn’t workd. specific areas on the body where fat is hard to minimizeLesson 12 SurgeryTOEFL Prep I 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. aTOEFL Prep II 1. procedure 2. obese 3. anesthesia 4. cure5. injectingTOEFL Success 1. c 2. dimpor tantly.”even moremeans “in addition;What’s more Bonus Structure —。

托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第26课第26课 A Reasonable DoubtTarget Words1. accuse 6.offense2. allegedly7.peer3. civil8.suspect4. convict9.verdict5. guilty10.witnessDefinitions and Samples1. accuse v.To say that someone did something wrong (e.g., committed acrime)Jordan was accused of using a stolen credit card to buy about $300worth of electronic equipment.Usage tips Accuse is often used in the passive voice.Parts of speech accusation n, accuser n2. allegedly adv.According to what people sayThe chief financial officer of the company allegedly took companymoney for his personal use.Parts of speech allege v, allegation n3. civil adj.Involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal chargeIn a civil suit against his neighbor, Barney claimed that the neigh-bor’s dog had bitten him.Copyright ? 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.A Reasonable Doubt129 Usage tips In a court context,civil almost always appears in one ofthe following phrases: civil suit, civil action, civil court, civil proceedings, and civil penalties.4. convict v.To decide that someone is guilty of a crimeDean was convicted of assault after the jury saw a video of himstriking another man.Usage tips Convict is often used in the passive voice.Parts of speech convict n, conviction n5. guilty adj.Responsible for doing something badThe jury found that the director was guilty of embezzlement.Usage tips Guilty is often followed by an of phrase that names acrime or bad deed.Parts of speech guilt n, guiltily adv6. offense n. A specific act that breaks the lawConvicted twice of reckless driving,Victor will lose his license if hecommits another serious traffic offense.Parts of speech offender n, offensive adj7. peer n. A person who is one’s social equalIn requiring judgment by “a jury of one’s peers,” U.S. law meant to protect lower-class defendants from the possibly biased judgment of upper-class juries.8. suspect n.Someone who, in the opinion of the police, might have com-mitted a certain crimeThe police were investigating the activities of five suspects in theliquor-store robbery.Parts of speech suspect v, suspicion n, suspiciousadj, suspiciously adv130Government and Justice9. verdict n. A judgment in a court caseIt took the jury only 30 minutes to reach a verdict of “guilty.”Usage tips Verdict is often the object of the verbs reach orarrive at.10. witness v.To see something, especially a crime, happenAfter witnessing the car theft, Rodney called the police.witness nParts of speechTOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean-ing to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. accuse(a)to determine that someone isguilty2. convict(b)responsible for a crime3. civil(c) a social equal4. guilty(d)being related to a personaldispute, not a crime5. peer(e) to say someone did a badthingTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. The most likely (suspect / witness) in the murder was the victim’sbrother, but no one actually saw the crime.2. The new president (allegedly / guiltily) had his main opponents killed,but he denies it.3. At one time in the United States, possession of marijuana was a minor(verdict / offense).4. The (witness / peer) made a poor impression on the jury because hecouldn’t remember many details about the crime scene.5. Juries are instructed to arrive at a unanimous (verdict / convict), oneagreeable to all members of the jury.A Reasonable Doubt 131TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.One of the most controversial murder cases of the twentieth century was that involving the death of Marilyn Sheppard in 1954. Her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard, was accused of killing her and then injuring himself. An unlikely suspect, Sheppard was highly respected by his peers in the medical world. Still, there were odd aspects to the murder that Sheppard could not explain away. Unfortunately for Sheppard, none of his supporters actually witnessed the crime, so nobody could back up Sheppard’s claim that the real killer was a bushy -haired man whom Sheppard had chased across his lawn and fought with briefly.Sheppard was eventually convicted of the offense, but many people doubt ed the verdict. With aggressive help from a lawyer named F. Lee Bailey, Sheppard got a new trial. Bailey suggested many alternatives to Sheppard’s guilt, enough that the new jury could not say he was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Sheppard was released from prison but diedsoon afterward. His son, Chip, pursued thecase through several civil and criminal proceedings in an attempt to find out the truth about his mother’s murder. Late in the 1990s, new DNA analysis techniques proved that someone other than Sam Sheppard and his family had been in the house that night. Sheppard’s story about the bushy-haired man had probably been accurate all along.1. Why was the Sheppard case unusual?a. A husband was accused of murdering his wife.b. The murder occurred in 1954.c. Doubt about the guilty verdict led to a second trial.d. The accused murderer said he didn’t do it.2. The author of this article implies that Sam Sheppard __________ a. did not kill his wifeb. lied about the bushy-haired manc. did not love his wifed. married again after he got out of prison Bonus Structure — The clause con-taining but and doubt signals that arguments against the verdict will be given.132Government and JusticeLesson 26 A Reasonable DoubtTOEFL Prep I1. e 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. cTOEFL Prep II 1. suspect 2. allegedly 3. offense 4. witness5. verdictTOEFL Success 1. c 2. a。

第34课 PassionTarget Words1. complex 6.loyal2. despondent7.passion3. devotion8.proliferation4. dilemma9.reciprocity5. engender10.vanishDefinitions and Samples1. complex adj.Not simple; involving many parts that work togetherA modern car engine is too complex for most car owners to repair bythemselves.Parts of speech complexity n2. despondent adj.Extremely sad and without hope for the futureAfter his girlfriend left him, Johnson was despondent and wouldn’t talk to anyone.3. devotion n. A willingness to keep supporting someone you admireGrant showed great devotion to his wife, supporting her during herlong illness.Usage tips Devotion is often followed by a to phrase.Parts of speech devote v, devotee nCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Passion1674. dilemma n. A difficult choice between two thingsI was caught in a dilemma between traveling by airplane and taking atrain, which is slower but more comfortable.5. engender v.To bring into being; to cause to existThe government’s warnings about terrorism engendered fearthroughout the nation.Usage tips Engender is often followed by a noun for an emotion.6. loyal adj.FaithfulCarter was loyal to his girlfriend and would not date anyone else. Usage tips Loyal is often followed by a to phrase.Parts of speech loyalty n, loyally adv7. passion n.An extremely strong emotion, like love or angerDebbie complained that there was no passion in her marriage.Parts of speech passionate adj, passionately adv8. proliferation n.An increase in the number of something and in thenumber of places it can be foundThe proliferation of fast-food restaurants has made it harder forAmericans to eat healthy lunches.Usage tips Proliferation is very often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech proliferate v9. reciprocity n.Doing as much for another as he or she has done for youDan was giving a lot of attention to Kelly, but he felt no reciprocity in their relationship.Parts of speech reciprocate v, reciprocal adj10. vanish v.To disappear suddenlyWhen the sun came out, last night’s light snowfall vanished.168RelationshipsTOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the let-ter in the blank.1. complex(a)an easy choice2. dilemma(b)simple3. loyal(c)a decrease4. proliferation(d)appear5. vanish(e)unfaithfulTOEFL Prep II Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence. Write it in the blank.despondent devotion to engender passion reciprocity1. In a good relationship, there is a lot of give and take.2. Mr. Foster’s strong love for teaching makes him suc-cessful.3. Rhonda was extremely sad after the death of her cat.4. Sometimes, a small characteristic, like a nice smile, cancause love.5. My continuing support for the candidate is based on myadmiration for her.TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the new vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.Perhaps no emotion is more complex than passion.Passion can show itself in a negative way as a burst of anger, or in a more pleasant way, as love. Passion can engender blind devotion for a lover or plunge a person into despondent misery if he or she feels a lack of reciprocity in the relationship. Passion and love cause innumerable dilemmas,and people constantly seek out ways to understand these emotions, as evidenced byPassion169the proliferation of articles, books, talk shows, and Web pages devoted to relationships. Many of these forums have loyal followings and have become cultural fixtures. The endless flow of information and opinions about the complex situations aroused by passion will probably not vanish anytime soon.1. According to this article, which statement about passion is true?a. It can have good or bad effects.b. It can be easily explained.c. It helps people decide what to do.d. It is irrational.2. According to the reading, why are there so many books and otherworks about passion?a. because people want a lot of advice about loveb. because many people want to write about their own passionc. because reading about passion is relaxingd. because passion can also show itself as a burst of angerLesson 34 PassionTOEFL Prep I1. b 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. dTOEFL Prep II 1. reciprocity 2. passion 3. despondent4. engender5. devotion toTOEFL Success 1. a 2. a。

abandon abduction abstract accumulate accuracy accuse acquire acquisition adapt addictive adjacent adjust adolescent advent adversely advocate affection affluence aggravate aggregate agnostic alledegly allegiance allocate amateurish ambiguous amend analyze ancestral anesthesia animism annex anomaly anticipate antipathy apex apprehend arbitrary arrogantly artillery ascertain assail assess asset 离开，放弃绑架抽象的，纯理论上的，榨汁积累，积聚精准性，准确度，准确（性）控告，指责获得获得，得到（通过努力）适应，使适应上瘾的，使人成瘾的邻近的，毗邻的校准，调整，使适应青春期的，青少年的出现，到来有害地，消极地主张，鼓吹感情，疾病的传染富裕，富足使…加重（恶化），惹怒总计的不可知论的据说忠诚分配，配给不熟练的，外行的含糊的，不明确的改善，修改分析祖先的麻醉（法）万物有灵论吞并，兼并异常，反常预期，预料厌恶，反感顶峰，巅峰逮捕，领会，明白专横的，武断的趾高气扬地炮，大炮，炮兵弄清，查明猛烈攻击，打击估价资产，财产assimilateassociateastrologicalatheistaugmentauthoritybattlebe inclined toberatebiasedbitterlybondbriberybulkburdenbureaucraticcandidatecapriciouscartelcastcatastrophiccauseceasecertifiablycharismaticchronologicalcirculatecivilcliquecoalitioncoercecohesioncoincidecollapsecollidecombustioncommoditycompensate吸收，融入与人交往占星的无神论者提高，增大权利，权威，专家作战，斗争倾向于训斥，责骂有偏见的痛苦地，愤恨地纽带，关系行贿，贿赂体积大，外表笨重担子，重担，负担官僚的候选人任性的，善变的卡特尔，同业联盟全体演员，抛，投掷(票,目光，筛子)毁灭性的事业，目标停止可证明地，可保证地有魅力的，有感召力的按年代顺序排列流传，传播，循环，流通公民的，民事的派系，小集团（贬义）同盟，联合强制，胁迫，压制团结，凝聚(力)同时发生倒塌碰撞，相撞燃烧过程商品报酬，补偿complex complication component compress concentrated condemn confide conflict connotation conquest consciously consequence constraint contamination contemplate contemptuous contest context contrary convey convictcorecorrode counter cremation cultivation cumbersome cure curriculum cynicallyde facto decipher decline decrepit degradedeify delinquency denominator denotedenydepict 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预后，预断激增擢升，提升部分，比例成比例的所有人，老板成功，兴旺，繁荣原型，模型接近，临近通灵的，对超自然力敏感的确定......的等级(地位)费用，价格，比率比，比例后退，远离，(记忆)变模糊和解改革，改进控制，管理遗迹，遗物，纪念物水库剩余的，残留的辞职抗拒，对抗保持，保有找回，取回，挽回报答，奖赏严格，严酷，艰苦仪式，典礼依据仪式，照惯例花名册，登记簿旋转，轮换献祭，牺牲保护，保卫传奇丑闻，丑事疤，创伤secularseepseizeself-perpetuatingsentimentsequenceseverelyshameshrinkshuttlesiblingsimulationskitsmugglesolarsolesolidaritysourcespectrumstablestatus quostigmatizestrategicstrikingstructuresubsidysubtlysurveillancesurvivesuspectsuspendsuspicioussymbolictangibleterminaltoleratetrendtrigger世俗的，不与教会联系的渗漏没收，查封能使自身永久存在的把......按顺序排好严厉地，非常地变小，减少，缩小穿梭往返(两地)模拟，模仿走私太阳的唯一的来源，出处坚定可靠的，稳定的战略上的结构，构造津贴，补贴监视经历......仍然活了下来嫌疑人暂停，中止，悬，挂，吊怀疑的，可疑的可触摸的，切实的末端的，接近死亡的容忍，容许趋势，倾向引发，激发，扳机unleash unmaskvanish vanityveinverdict versus vestige villainy violation vitriolic vulnerablewilling witness working class woundzeal 放开，释放感情揭露，使暴露突然不见虚荣心静脉裁决，裁定......对......痕迹，遗迹罪行侵犯，违背，侵害尖刻的，辛辣的脆弱的，易受伤害的乐意的，愿意的目击工人阶级，劳动阶级伤害热情，奋发。

9.source
10.tri gger触发
Memory
Target Words
1.acquisiti on
acquire
2.ano maly反常
abno rmal=perver ted
3.con sciously=unknowin gly subc on scious ness
4.degrade (in ferior
固有的；内在的;与生俱来的
in ner peace
7.mi gratio n
im migrate (immigrati on inten ti on e migrate
8.physical
Physical Educati on
physically and men tally
9.pro cess ; progress
process
10.scar
Ghosts
Target Words
1.astrological
astro- is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space. 2. di vi n atio n玄学（相信数字占卜未来的国家
5.fer ti lize施肥;使丰饶
fertilizer月巴料
6.inten si fy力卩剧
inten sive class
7.irri gati on
8.obta in
No pain, no gain
9.photo syn thesis光和作用
photo ; syn thetic合成的
10.preci p i tat i on降水量

考托福复习资料（完整版）目录：前言 (2)第一章准备新托福首先要知道的几件事 (3)第二章新托福单词复习 (6)第三章新托福语法复习 (18)第四章新托福阅读复习 (22)第五章新托福听力复习 (28)第六章新托福口语复习 (32)第七章新托福写作复习 (36)第八章字典选择 (40)第九章复习整体计划 (56)前言准备申请的时候发现，所有的申请资料似乎都是给牛人准备的。

都是清华北大的人写的，GPA3点多都算少的。

默认你多高的背景，你认识什么牛人可以推荐你，你有多高的GT成绩，你有几篇论文。

而我坚信，根据正态分布的思想，大多数人还是和我一样的。

我们的出身不好（学校不牛），我们没有令人眩目的GPA和GT，我们不认识什么牛人，能推荐我们的只是非著名教授或者任课老师，我们没发表过论文，我们没有耀眼的工作经验。

但是我们一样有申请的权利，我们一直在努力。

然后想到托福也是一样。

大多数人不是英语专业的，我们没有国外的生活、学习经验，我们极少能跟外国人交谈，我们没在外企工作过。

我们上初中开始学英语，上了大学以后甚至有所荒废，我们认识的前四个英文字母是JQKA（勾、疙瘩、凯、枪）。

但是为了出国的理想，我们还是要考试。

我们不像别人一样要求110+，GRE600+，GMA T720+等等。

只希望对得起我们自己的努力。

本着此原则，我才敢在这里以过来人的角度（不是以成功者的角度）发表一些经验。

牛人没有必要看了，以免让你们见笑。

希望像我一样的小字辈都能得到一个令我们满意的成绩。

总体说来，通过个人的经历，我认为要想在新托福中取得一个好成绩，最重要的是提高自身的综合实力。

旧托福中所强调的解题技巧，投机原则并不特别可靠。

托福与GRE不同，GRE，即使你英语水平再高，也不一定能考很高的分数，你必须需要一定的技巧。

但是就托福来讲，你需要一个可观的词汇量（但是不需要太高），来应对阅读听力中的基本问题；你需要一定的听说能力，来满足听力，口语以至作文的需要；还需要对英美文化有一定的了解，这在阅读、听力中都是潜移默化的，等等。

托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第7课第七课 ComputersTarget Words1. circulate 6.implement2. corrode7.innovative3. derive8.installation4. detection9.maintenance5. expeditiously10.simulationDefinitions and Samples1. circulate v.To move throughout an area or group; to move along asomewhat circular routeThe gossip circulated quickly through the small town.Blood circulates more quickly during physical exercise.Usage tips Circulate is often followed by through.Parts of speech circulation n2. corrode v.To be slowly weakened by chemical reactionsSitting in salt water, the old coins corroded and became very easy to break.Usage tips A familiar kind of corrosion produces rust, the reddish coating on iron or steel that has been exposed to air and water.Parts of speech corrosion nCopyright ? 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Computers333. derive v.To come from, usually through a long, slow processThe Cyrillic alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet.Usage tips Derive is often followed by from.Parts of speech derivation n, derivative adj4. detection n.Discovering something that cannot easily be found Withnew medical technology, the detection of cancer is much easiernowadays.Usage tips Detection is often followed by an of phrase.Parts of speech detect v, detectable adj5. expeditiously adv.Quickly and efficientlyUsing carrier pigeons, the military commanders exchanged mes-sages expeditiously.Parts of speech expedite v, expedition n, expeditious adj6. implement v.To make use of; to carry outNot until after the new software was installed could we implementthe new filing system.Parts of speech implement n, implementation n7. innovative adj.Ahead of the times; novelThe innovative use of props and lighting drew many favorablecomments.Parts of speech innovation n8. installation n.Setting something into position for useInstallation of the new software takes only four minutes.Parts of speechinstall v9. maintenance n.The act of keeping something in good condition Theonly problem with living in such a big house is that it requires a lot ofmaintenance.Parts of speech maintain v34Science10. simulation n.An imitation or representationTo test car safety, automobile makers study crash simulations.Parts of speech simulate v, simulator nTOEFL Prep I Circle the most likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words.1. circulate, circumnavigate, circuitThe root circ / circum probably meansa. aroundb. brokenc. faird. straight2. innovative, novel, renovateThe root nov probably meansa. clearb. oldc. newd. sweet3. installation, implement, imprisonThe prefix in-/im- probably meansa. asideb. behindc. ind. outTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. Please make sure this information (circulates / derives) throughout theoffice quickly.2. The (installation / simulation) of the new telephones took three days.3. In order to stay on schedule, we need to complete this project as(expeditiously / innovatively) as possible.Computers354. The smuggler moved cautiously through the airport to avoid (detection/ maintenance).5. Years of neglect had caused the building’s water pipes to (corrode /implement).TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.As dependence on computers increases, so does the need for technical support. From installation of software to detection of viruses, computers require constant vigilance. Most larger companies find it most expeditious to maintain in-house computer staff. Many smaller companies, however, can’t fund their own full-time, in-house technical help. Instead, many of them assign the task of computer maintenance to a current employee who may not have any formal training. Rather, these “computer buffs” have derived their skills through practice and self-training. These self-appointed tech specialists, however, often cannot solve bigger problems. What’s more, they may see their office relations corrode when they are swamped with basic user quest ions that they simply don’t have time to address. Forthese reasons, many small companies choose to employ a freelance technical assistant who circulates among clients on an as-needed basis. With their professional training, these consultants may propose innovative solutions to users’ unique needs, which could vary from tracking inventory to simulating mechanized processes. They can implement new programs, train personnel, and escape the workplace before being asked,“How can I cut this file and paste it somewhere else?”1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?a. Larger companies are better off using freelance technical consultants.b. Computer maintenance and troubleshooting cuts into employeeproductivity.c. Self-trained technical support personnel are often as effective astrained professionals.d. Smaller companies may benefit from hiring occasional technicalsupport.36Science2. The article implies that the question How do I cut and paste a file? isa. too basic to require professional attentionb. a good question to give to in-house tech supportc. appropriate for a freelancer to addressd. a good topic for a training programLesson 7 ComputersTOEFL Prep I1. a 2. c 3. cTOEFL Prep II 1. circulate 2. installation 3. expeditiously4. detection5. corrodeTOEFL Success 1. d 2. a。

第15课 Social InequalityTarget Words1.amend 6.discriminate2.biased7.notion3. burden8.oppress4. counter9.paradigm5. de facto10.prejudicedDefinitions and Samples1. amend v.To change for the betterThe residents voted to amend their neighborhood policy on fences.amendment n2. biased adj.Leaning unfairly in one directionHer newspaper article was criticized for being heavily biasedtoward the mayor’s proposal.bias n3. burden n.Something that is carried; a source of stress or worryThe donkey walked slowly under the burden of its heavy load.The failing company faced the burden of bad debts and a poorreputation.Parts of speech burden vCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Social Inequality734. counter v.To act in opposition to; to offer in responseThe hockey player countered the punch with a smashing blow from his hockey stick.Jane countered every accusation with a specific example of herachievements.Parts of speech counter n, counter adj5. de facto adj.Truly doing a job, even if not officiallyPopular support established the Citizens Party as the de factogovernment.Parts of speech de facto adv6. discriminate To choose carefully among optionsThe governor wisely discriminated between urgent issues and thosethat could wait.Parts of speech discriminatory adj, discriminate adj7. notion n. A belief; a fanciful impulseThe notion that older office equipment is unreliable is inaccurate.One morning, she suddenly took the notion to paint her kitchen red. Usage tips Notion can be followed by a that clause or a to phrase.8. oppress v.To keep down by force; to weigh heavily onFactory management oppressed workers through intimidation.Parts of speech oppression n9. paradigm n. A pattern or model; a set of assumptionsThe usual paradigm for economic growth in developed countriesdoes not apply to some poor nations.Usage tipsParadigm is often followed by for.74Society10. prejudiced adj.Causing to judge prematurely and unfairlyMany consumers are prejudiced against commercial goods made inthird-world countries.Parts of speech prejudice v, prejudice nTOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once.biased counter de facto notion paradigm1. During the trial, the defense lawyer __________ each claim with anopposite charge.2. The basketball coach was naturally __________ toward the tallerplayers.3. After we saw the fancy car that the Jacobses bought, we gave up the__________ that they could not afford the basic things in life.4. The battle was successful, as judged by the prevailing __________ ofthat era.5. Even though Jovie was a cleaner, not a nanny, she was the baby’s__________ caregiver because his parents worked so many hours. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean-ing to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. amend(a)relieve2. burden(b)allow to operate freely3. oppress(c)leave as is4. indiscriminately(d)unbiased5. prejudiced(e)by making careful choicesSocial Inequality 75TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.Nelson Mandela devoted his life to fighting prejudice in South Africa. Mandela traveled his state, organizing a fight against discriminatory laws and racial bias. He encouraged civil disobedience as a tool against the oppression of Blacks. As deputy president of the African National Congress, Mandela encouraged his fellow citizens to challenge the prevailing paradigm of power. Mandela believed that prejudice burdened not only the oppressed, but also the oppressors. The government countered Mandela’s activities with a criminal conviction. Still, Mandela’s de facto leadership gained him respect and authority among his fellow citizens. Mandela’s courage and popularity worried the ruling class, who did not want to share power. What’s more, they refused to amend the state’s laws. So when Mandela returned from an overseas trip to gain support for his cause in 1962, he was arrested, jailed, and sentenced to life in prison for various crimes. This only fueled Mandela’s notions about inequality and justice. He took his demands to jail, where hedemanded the same dress and safety gear for Black prisoners as for White prisoners. After 28 years in prison, Mandela was released, returning immediately to public life. In 1994, he was elected the president of South Africa.1. Which of the following best expresses the essential information of this passage?a. Nelson Mandela used illegal means to achieve his ends.b. Nelson Mandela fought prejudice in South Africa.c. Nelson Mandela inspired Blacks around the world.d. Nelson Mandela was driven primarily by his religious beliefs.2. In the passage, the word amend is closest in meaning toa. ignoreb. write downc. changed. discussBonus Structure — The ruling class means those whoheld power mostly because of the families they wereborn into.76SocietyLesson 15 Social InequalityTOEFL Prep I1. countered 2. biased 3. notion 4. paradigm5. de factoTOEFL Prep II 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. dTOEFL Success 1. b 2. c。

第31课 The War on DrugsTarget Words1. addictive 6.misconception2. cartel7.modify3. concentrated8.potent4. interdict9.residual5. juxtapose10.subtlyDefinitions and Samples1. addictive adj.Making someone want it so much that the person feels illwithout itSome drugs, like heroin or methamphetamines, are addictive to al-most everyone who tries them.Parts of speech addict v, addict n, addiction n2. cartel n. A small group controlling a certain area of businessThe world’s major oil producers formed a cartel to control the priceand supply of petroleum.3. concentrated adj.Strong because large amounts are in a certain spaceConcentrated lemon juice is very sour, so I mix it with water when Imake lemonade.Parts of speech concentrate v, concentration n, concentrate nCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.152Government and Justice4. interdict v.To keep something from reaching a certain placeWith faster patrol boats, the Coast Guard can more easily interdictdrugs being smuggled by sea.Parts of speech interdiction n5. juxtapose v.Place next to one anotherIf you juxtapose these two similar flowers, you can see clear differ-ences between them.Parts of speech juxtaposition n6. misconception n. A mistaken beliefA common misconception about rabbits is that they are a kind ofrodent.7. modify v.Make small changes in order to get a certain resultPeople who live in high mountains often modify their car engines to run well in the thinner air.Parts of speech modification n, modifier n8. potent adj.PowerfulA very potent type of marijuana with surprisingly strong effects be-came available in Burrytown.Parts of speech potency n9. residual adj.Left behind after most of a thing has goneIn the airplane, agents found residual traces of heroin.Usage tips Residual is often followed by trace, amount,orsome other word referring to “quantity.”Parts of speech residue n10. subtly adv.In a quiet, hard-to-notice wayBy subtly changing the soft drink’s formula, we improved its tasteand made production cheaper.Parts of speech subtlety n, subtle adjThe War on Drugs 153TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning toeach word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. cartel (a) stop2. interdict (b) remaining3. juxtaposed (c) next to4. residual (d) without drawing attention5. subtle (e) a kind of groupTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. With a (subtle / residual) nod of his head, the inspector signaled his agents.2. Sunlight is a (concentrated / potent) source of energy for electricity generation, but it can be expensive to collect and store.3. Things other than drugs can be (addictive / subtle), such as gambling or even television.4. A security official tries to (modify / interdict) foreign terrorists before they can enter the country.5. Your advertisement created the (misconception / cartel) that every-thing was on sale for 50 percent off.TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.Illegal addictive drugs, like heroin or cocaine, come from plants grown and harvested mostly by poor farmers.Their small farmhouses juxtaposed with the mansions of billionaire drug lords illustrate the unequal payoutsto various players in the drug trade.The farmers sell their product cheaply to a drug-distribution cartel that is ownedby the drug lords. People working for the cartel then refine the drugs into a concentrated form, or even modify them chemically to make them more potent and therefore more valuable. Other cartel members then transport the drugs todistributors for sale, smuggling them over huge distances, includinginternational borders. Governments try to interdict smugglers, using bothBonus Structure —Because this readingdescribes a system of operations, the word then appears very often.154Government and Justicenew technology and old (like sniffer dogs) to find residual traces of drugs.Their occasional successes have led to a popular misconception that antidrug campaigns are close to stopping the flow of illegal drugs. On the contrary, as long as drug lords can make vast fortunes in their illegal trade, smugglers will come up with ever-more-subtle ways of concealing their goods, and the War on Drugs goes on.1. Who makes the most money from the drug trade?a. rural farmersb. people who refine drugsc. drug lordsd. antidrug officers2. Schematic table:Write the letter of each phrase in either column A orcolumn B, based on which one it relates to according to the reading.a. subtle ways of hiding drugsb. sniffer dogsc. high-tech detectiond. concentrate drugs to make them potente. pay farmers to grow plants that yield drugsLesson 31 The War on DrugsTOEFL Prep I1. e 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. dTOEFL Prep II 1. subtle 2. potent 3. addictive 4. interdict5. misconceptionTOEFL Success 1. c 2. Column A: a, d, e Column B: b, c。

第22课个人财产Personal PropertyTarget Words1. acquire 6.lease2. assess7.liability3. asset8.proprietor4. hazardous9.safeguard5. jointly10.soleDefinitions and Samples1. acquire v.To get something, usually something with special value ormeaningBart hoped to acquire the 1898 D Indian Head penny, which wouldmake his collection complete.Unlike get, acquire implies that a possession has special value or meaning.Parts of speech acquisition n, acquisitive adj2. assess v.To estimate the value of somethingThe Barnes building was assessed at $1.3 million, but it can proba-bly sell for much more than that.Parts of speech assessor n, assessment n3. asset n. A possession that has positive valueUsage tips Some examples of assets are real estate, cash, and stock shares.Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.1078. proprietor n. Owner, usually of a business or a building The proprietor of Hekman’s Windows is Nels Hekman, grandson of the people who established the factory.Usage tips Very often, proprietor is followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech proprietary adj9. safeguard v. To protectA burglar-alarm system safeguards our house when we go away on vacation.Usage tips Safeguard implies continuous protection over a long time.6. lease v. To rent something for a long time (several months or years) Some drivers prefer to lease a car rather than buy one.Parts of speech lease n, lessor n, lessee n7. liability n. Legal responsibility for harming a person or property; a dis-advantageBefore you go river rafting, you sign a document releasing the trip leaders from liability in case of injury.Henderson is just a liability to our work team, because he never fin-ishes anything on time.Usage tips In its second meaning, liability is often followed by a tophrase.Parts of speech liable adjParts of speechjoin v, joint nPersonal Property4. hazardous adj. DangerousParents have to be careful not to buy children’s clothes and toys made of hazardous materials.Parts of speech hazard n, hazardously adv5. jointly adv. Together with one or more other partiesIn most states, a husband and wife are assumed to own all their possessions jointly.108Money10. sole adj.OnlyMany people have wanted to invest in Harry’s publishing business, but he remains the sole owner.Usage tips Sole almost always appears before the noun it modifies. It does not come after a linking verb like be.Parts of speech solely advTOEFL Prep I Find the word that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. assess(a)dangerous2. hazardous(b)evaluate3. jointly(c)protect4. liability(d)responsibility5. safeguard(e)togetherTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. The building company is trying to (safeguard / acquire) the wholeneighborhood so it can put up a mall.2. To the average farm family, every child was (an asset / a liability), onemore set of hands to gather eggs or plant beans.3. Gary’s Cookie Shop has to move because the owner of the buildingwon’t renew the (lease / asset).4. The (hazardous / sole) adult influence on Sarah as she grew up was hergrandmother.5. Some people are born with the disease, but others (acquire / assess) itlater in life.TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.It is not easy to make a living as the proprietor of apartment buildings.There is a huge initial expense, not only to acquire the properties but to assess the buildings and to remove any hazardous materials like lead-Personal Property 109based paint. A landlord also has to buy the best liability insurance available just to safeguard the investment. Otherwise, one tragic accident could wipe out the value of the entire asset. Because of this expense, it’s rare to find a sole individual owning such a property. The risk is more often taken on jointly by a group of investors who then split the profits from the leases.1. What is the main idea of this reading? a. Being a landlord is enjoyable.b. It costs a lot of money to be a landlord.c. Friendships can be destroyed by owning property jointly.d. Income from leases is greater than a landlord’s expenses.2. Which of the following is not an expense mentioned in the reading?a. property taxesb. insurancec. making the property safed. buying the building you hope to rentLesson 22 Personal PropertyTOEFL Prep I 1. b 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. cTOEFL Prep II 1. acquire 2. asset 3. lease 4. sole 5. acquireTOEFL Success 1. b 2. acommon.”opposite of “it’s It’s rare is theBonus Structure —。

新托福历届考试出现高频词汇（不断更新版)第三题和第五题：Vehicle 交通工具 requirement 要求 academic 学术的get acquainted with 认识 proposal 文稿 justify 证明off-campus 校外的 apartment 公寓 renovate 修葺budget 预算 credit 信誉，学分 gallery 画展exhibiting 展示 ridiculous 荒谬的 applied 应用的arts 艺术 rundown 破败 reputation名誉splendid 绝好的 prospective 角度 candidate 参选人grade 年级,分数 Supervisor 监督 prolong 推迟littering 乱扔垃圾 scan 扫描 digital 数字的laptop 手提电脑 desktop 桌名 dormitory 寝室diversity 多样性 reformation 改善 commercial 商业的depict描绘 freshmen 新生 stadium 体育场undergraduate 大学生 distracting 分散 journal 日记reference 参考 intervene 干涉 rehearse演练step down 退任 it sucks （口)烂 mess up 搞糟advanced standing 学生用先前已修得的学科抵免入学后所需修的科目. Alumni 校友 audit 审计 auditor bulletin 编辑公告Bursar 会计,奖学金获得者 concession 特许Deferred admission 延迟入学Dropout 退学Faculty 全体教员 Flunk 不及格 Register restrictions 注册要求Admitted to 录取 resign 退休 orientation入学指导seminar 学术讨论会 alternative 选择 resume 简历weird 奇怪 enroll 录取 notorious 厌恶的available 可行的 merely 仅仅 mandatory 强制的postpone 推迟 erase 擦掉 recover 康复deduct 演绎，扣除 tricky 阴谋的 tuition 学费clarify 澄清 interval 间隔 semester 学期presentation 展示 hiking 徒步旅行 tutor 辅导sign up for 参加（俱乐部） run into someone 遇见due day 截止日期 assigned to 分配给make—up exam 补考 required course 必修课charge fee 免费 drop class 逃课 skip class overdue 过期 freshman 大一 sophomore 大二junior 大三 senior 大四 renew 续借 transfer 转学graduation commencement 毕业典礼 handout 分发的教材minor 辅修的课 syllabus 教学大纲 dissertation 论文第四题和第六题：Participant 参与者 ironically 讽刺 critics 批评strategy 策略 false 错误 consensus 一致同意contradict 矛盾 consistently 一致 uniformly 一致nonverbal 非语言的 psychological 心理学的 enhance 增强outlet 出口 obscure 模糊的 diffusion 扩散self-fulfilling 自我实现 prophecy 语言 assume 假设tactic 战术 shifting 转变 spectator 观测comprehending 理解 plug 塞子 quotation 引用release 释放 cite 陈述 remorse 懊悔 feedback 回馈resilience 反弹 Substitution 替补 arctic 北极allergy 过敏 sneeze 打喷嚏 immune 免疫protein 蛋白质 Dust 尘土 mite 螨虫 esteemed 声望很高claim 声称inefficiency 不足representative 代表virtually实质phenomenon 现象 subliminal 下意识 perception 感知appealing 吸引的 demonstrate 展示 reward 奖品extinction 灭绝 circumstance状况 compliment 称赞predator 猎杀者 prey 猎物 fertilize 施肥affiliation 联合 decibel 分贝 asteroid 小行星framing 陷害 manifest 表明 conceive 构思assimilation 同化 ozone 臭氧 sewage 下水道purification 净化 render 使得 assignment 作业stimulus 刺激 demand 要求 inappropriately 不合适identify 辨认 ecological 生态 balance 平衡stabilize 稳定 sand dune 沙丘 intruder 入侵者territory 领地 witness 目击 invasion 侵略lack 缺失 visual 视觉 element 因素 texture 材质Resemble 像，类似 sentiment 感情 mystery 迷paleontologist 考古学 skeleton 骷髅 vaporize 蒸发drastic 急剧的 inverse 相反的 boost 推进soaring 猛烈的 misconception 误解 simplify 简单complicate 使。

addition n/vt摘要,提炼 adept
n.添加剂 agitation
a.加法的 agreeable a.另外的,附加的,
额外的 除..之外
disagreea
ble
a.熟练的,擅长的 ailment
a.荒谬的,可笑的 adequate
a.丰富的,充裕的; 大量的
adhere
av.丰富地
a.足够的,充实的 aim vi.黏附,粘牢 vi.追随,坚持 air
anticipate anticipation antiquate antiquated antique
antiquity
antiseptic anxious apart from
n.心理分析 n.无政府主义者 aptly
a.易于…的 av.适当地,得体地 associatio
n
第3页
anatomy ancestor ancestry ancestral anecdotal anecdote anesthesia anesthetic angular rectangular animated annex annihilate announce announcement announcer annoy annoying annual annually anomaly anonymous anthem anthology anthropology antibiotic
absurd abundant abundantly
vt.抛弃;放弃 accuracy n.准确性,正确性
n.放纵;沉溺 accuse
a.usatio naccustome d
vt.缩短;缩写 achieve
n.缩写;缩写词

【托福学霸分享】托福成绩提升40分逆袭之路正确的方向能创造奇迹都说托福趁机从80分开始每10分都是一个坎，这句话虽然不肯定对每个人都成立，但的确也显示出了托福涨分过程可谓苦难重重，5分10分的突破可能都需要数以月计的努力。

学霸简介而SHORPEN小哥哥作为一个首考61分的一般考生，却一口气越过了40分获得了105的满意成果，和"裸考就能轻松上100'的天资型选手不同，小哥哥在过程中仔细的分析了考题的固有模式，摸索出了最适合自己的一步一个脚印的涨分路。

到底是怎么操作的?快随芥末酱一起来看看吧!因为圣诞节的缘由，2021年最终一场托福出分竟然延迟了快一周，每天都在惴惴担心中度过，一年前自己内心是多么渴望地想得到从来没有遗忘。

我最终等到这一天了，从61到105!最终最终!我做到了! 筹备出国的路上，提高英语真的只是一方面，你同时要不断提高自己专业素养，要求自己变得更加好玩。

当然期间你会十分苦痛，在不断的怀疑、否认自己、在一次次击碎自己自尊心又重建信念的过程中"重生'时，回头看，这一切又是来得这么"理所当然'。

(其实我是个有点文艺的"程序猿')然后我介绍一下自己的状况，因为我自知基础不好，所以大学的时候预备出国也是十分早了。

最开始考了61分(R16 L8 S18 W19)，这个成果我给任何人都没有说过(包括父母)，只是一个人悄悄地继续每天坚持学英语、练英语，我坚信自己终有一天也会到达想要的成果，告知自己"还有时间，你可以的!'。

最终到大三的时候，感觉时间有点惊慌了，所以先考了gre，这次时隔快9个月之后又重新刷了一遍托福，原来觉得接近100就很是满足了，结果惊喜地发觉竟然考了105(R29L25 S24 W27)。

PAYOFF PAYOFF!其实说起"方法论'可能每个人都能说出一大套，但真正能落实好的没几个人，我想了想可能一部分是因为心态的问题。