托福词汇精选400题

iBT新托福单词题（词汇题）全集（打印版）1.20 or so=20 roughly大体上，大约为2. a matter of speculation =supposition n. 推断3. a solicitation of =an invitation of n. 垦求;垦请4.abandon=give up vt.放弃5.abandoned= left a. 被遗弃的6.aberrant= abnormal a. 脱离常轨的,7.abort= quit v. 夭折;中止8.abrupt=sudden adj.突然的9.abruptly= suddenly ad. 突然地;意外地10.absorb =appeal v. 吸收;被…吸引11.absorb= learn(学习) v. 吸收12.absorb= take in v. 吸收;被…吸引13.abstract= not concrete a. 抽象的;非实际的14.absurd= ridiculous a. 荒谬的;可笑的15.abundance= large amount n. 大量16.abundance= great number n. 大量17.abundant=large amount adj. 丰富的;大量的18.abundant = affluent a. 丰富的;大量的19.abundant= ample a. 丰富的;大量的20.abundant= numerous a. 丰富的;大量的21.abundant= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的22.abundant= substantial a. 丰富的;大量的23.abundantly= plentifully ad. 丰富地;大量地24.accelerate=speed up/get faster vi.&vt.加速25.access =reach v. 接近26.accessible =reachable a. 可接近的27.accessible =easy to reach a. 易接近的28.accidental =unexpected a. 意外的;偶然的29.acclaimed=praisable adj.值得赞扬的30.accommodate= provide for v. 提供31.accomplished =achieved a. 实现完成的32.accomplished =skilled a. 熟练的33.account= description n. 说明34.account for= explain v. 说明35.accumulate =collect v. 积累;聚集36.accumulate =pile up v. 积累;聚集聚集37.accumulate =build up 积累38.accurate =correct a. 正确的39.accurately= correctly ad. 正确地40.acknowledge= recognize v. 承认41.actually= in fact ad. 事实上42.added =extra a. 附加的;额外的43.adept =skilled a. 熟练的44.adequately=sufficiently adv.足够地45.adherent= supporter n. 拥护者46.adherent=advocate n.追随者，提倡者47.48.adjacency=nearing n.领接49.adjacent =nearby a. 毗连的50.adjacent =neighboring a. 毗连的51.adjust= modify v. 调整;改变…以适应52.administer = manage v. 管理53.admire=respect vt.敬重54.admit= let in v. 准许进入55.adopt= enact v. 采用56.advance= improvement n. 发展;增长57.advent= arrival n. 出现;到来58.advent= beginning n. 出现;到来59.affair= matter n. 事件;事情60.afford= provide v. 提供;给予61.aggravate= increase v. 加重;增剧62.aggravate =annoy v. 使恼火63.aggregate= overall a. 聚集的;合计的64.aggregate= combined a. 聚集的;合计的65.aggregation=group n.聚合，聚集；聚集体66.aggregations=groups67.agile= astute a. 灵活的;敏捷的68.agile= clever a. 灵活的;敏捷的69.agile= quick and active a. 灵活的;敏捷的70.agile= move and act quickly a. 灵活的;敏捷的71.air= feeling n. 气氛72.alarm= sound v. 警报73.alarm= warning n. 警告74.albeit= although conj. 尽管；虽然75.albeit =even though conj. 尽管；虽然76.alleged=asserted v.宣称77.alleged=supposed v.假定，断言78.allocation=distribution n.分配79.allow= enable v. 允许80.allude= suggest v. 暗示81.allude to= refer to phrv. 提到82.ally with= link to v. 结盟83.alter= change to v. 改变84.amazing= remarkable a. 令人惊讶的/非凡的85.ambiguous =vague a. 不明确的86.ambiguous=more than one meaning87.ambitious=keen/energetic adj.渴望的（做某事）88.ambivalent =mixed a. 矛盾的89.ample= plentiful a. 充足的;丰富的90.ample =spacious a. 宽敞的91.ampliation=magnify扩大，扩张92.analogue to=similar to 相似的93.ancestor=forefather/prohenitor n.祖先94.anchor= hold in place v. 使固定95.ancient= old a. 古老的96.ancient =antique a. 古老的97.annihilate= destroy v. 消灭98.annihilate =completely remove v. 消灭99.annihilated=destory v.废止100.annually= yearly ad. 每年101.anomaly= irregularity n. 异常的人或物102.anonymous=nameless/incognito 不具名的103.antagonist =competitor n. 对手;敌手104.anticipate= expect v. 预期105.antiseptic =clean a. 抗菌的106.antithesis= opposite n. 对立面107.antler =horn n. 鹿角108.anxiety =worry n. 忧虑;担心109.apart from= exception phr. 除了…之外110.apart from =except for phr. 除了…之外111.apparatus= equipment n. 仪器;设备112.apparent =obvious a. 显然的113.apparently= clearly ad. 显然地114.apparently=seemingly115.appeal= attraction n. 吸引力116.appealing =attractive a. 有吸引力的117.appear= seem v. 似乎118.appearance= rise n. 出现119.appearance= arrival n. 出现120.appearance= showing up n. 出现121.application= use n. 应用122.appreciable= noticeable a. 相当可观的123.approach =method n. 方法124.approach= move toward v. 接近125.approximately= roughly ad. 大约地126.architecture= structure n. 构造127.archive= record v. 存档128.archive= stock v. 存档129.archive= store v. 存档130.arduous= difficult a. 艰巨的131.arid =dry a. 干旱的132.arise= emerge v. 出现133.arise=come about vi.到来，发生134.arrangement= configuration n. 安排;布置135.array=range n. 一系列136.article= item n. 物品137.article= object n. 物品138.as a rule =in general phr. 通常139.assert= declare v. 断言;宣称140.assertion= strong statement n. 断言;主张141.asset= advantage n. 资产;有利条件142.assimilate= combine v. 同化143.assistance= help n. 帮助；协助144.assorted= various a. 各式各样的145.assume= believe v. 假定;设想146.assume= suppose v. 假定;设想147.assume= take on v. 承担148.assumption= premise n. 假设149.astonishing= amazing a. 惊人的150.astonish=surprise vt.使惊讶151.astoundingly=incredibly adv.使人震惊的152.astute= clever a. 敏锐的153.at random= without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地154.attachment to= preference for n. 依恋155.attain =achieve v. 达到;获得156.attainment =achievement n. 达到;获得157.attendant= accompanying a. 伴随的158.attest to =confirm v. 证实159.attribute= accredit v. 归于;认为160.attribute =characteristic n. 特点，属性161.attribute to =credit with v. 归于; 认为162.attributes=characteristics163.attribution =character n. 属性164.augment= increase v. 增加;提高165.available =obtainable a. 可获得的166.avenue= method n. 途径;手段167.avenue =means n. 途径;手段168.avid= enthusiastic a. 热中的169.back up=support170.barely = just ad. 仅仅171.barge= boat n. 驳船172.barrier= obstacle n. 障碍173.barrier =impediment n. 障碍174.battle= struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗175.be accustomed to= get used to phrv. 习惯176.be aware of =familiar with phrv. 了解177.be beforehand= foreordain v. 预先178.be closer resemblance to= be more like phr. 非常相似179.be consistent with= be compatible with phr. 一致的180.be entitled to= have the right phrv. 有…权利181.be inclined =tend v. 倾向182.be susceptible to=be subject to 受...影响的183.beckon= invite v. 招唤;引诱184.become extinct= die out phrv. 灭绝185.being= creature n. 生命186.beneficial =advantageous a. 有益的187.blossom= flourish v. 兴旺188.blossom= thrive v. 兴旺189.boast= puff v. 吹嘘190.boast= exaggerate v. 吹嘘191.bombard= assail v. 炮击;轰击192.bombard =assault v. 炮击;轰击193.bombard =strike v. 炮击;轰击194.boom= expansion n. 激增;爆涨195.boon= great benefit n. 利益196.boost= raise v. 增加;提高197.boundary= periphery n. 边界198.branch =division n. 分支199.break through=revolution n.突破，革命200.breed= reproduce v. 繁殖;饲养201.brew=develop vt.开发202.brilliant= bright a. 光辉的;明亮的203.brittle= breakable a. 脆弱的204.brittle= fragile a. 脆弱的205.broad appeal =wide popularity a. 广泛的吸引力206.broadly =generally ad. 大体上207.broadly= extensively ad. 大体上208.bulk= majority n. 大部份209.bulk=largest area210.bulk= large part n. 大部份211.bulk =major part n. 主体212.bulk= large portion n. 大部份213.bulk= great quantity n. 大部份214.burgeon= expand v. 急速成长215.bustling= lively/busy a. 活跃的,熙熙攘攘的216.by and large=for the most part总的来说217.camouflage= disguise v. 伪装218.camouflage =hide v. 伪装219.camouflage= decorate(装饰) v. 伪装220.camouflage= blend with circumstances v. 伪装221.cardinal= fundamental a. 基本的222.cargo= shipment n. 船货;货物223.catastrophic=badly harmful 灾难性的224.celebrated= famous a. 着名的225.central= essential a. 主要的226.certain= specified a. 指定的227.champion=promote vt.提升，提拔228.chancy =risky a. 冒险的229.channel =provide v. 提供帮助230.channel =direct v. 引导231.channel =guide v. 引导232.chaotic= disorganized a. 混乱的233.cherish =value v. 珍爱234.chief= major a. 主要的235.chisel =carve v. 刻;凿236.choose= opt v. 选择237.chronic= persistent a. 长期的;不断的238.chronic =confirmed a. 长期的;不断的239.chronic= habitual a. 长期的;不断的240.chronic =inveterate a. 长期的;不断的241.chronically=constantly ad. 长期地242.circuitous =indirect a. 迂迴的243.circumstance= condition n. 环境;情况244.circumstance=situation n.情况245.cite= quote v. 引用246.cite =refer to v. 引用247.classic =typical a. 典型的248.clear =visible a. 容易看见的249.clear= apparent a. 显然的250.cling to= attach to v. 附着251.close= careful a. 严密的;周密的252.clue= hint n. 线索253.cling to=hold 坚持254.cluster=group255.coating= cover n. 覆盖层256.coincide with= be as the same time as v. 同时发生257.coincide with=accord with258.coincidence=likely events 相同，符合259.collaborate= cooperate v. 合作260.collaboration= joint effect n. 合作成果261.collect =gather v. 收集262.collide= hit each other v. 碰撞263.collide with =run into v. 碰撞264.colossal=enormous adj.巨大的memorate =celebrate v. 庆祝;纪念mence＝beginmonly=oftenmonly=generally/normallypact =concise a. 紧密的;简明的pact= compressed(结实的) a. 紧密的;简明的parable= equivalent a. 可比较的parative =relative a. 相当的atible=consistentpel =push v. 强迫pelling= convincing a. 令人信服的pelling=forcingpensate= reimburse v. 赔偿;补偿pensate=make uppensate for =balance phrv. 赔偿;补偿plaint =protest v. 抗议plement= supplement n. 补充物plement= add to v. 补充pletely= totally ad. 完全地plex= elaborate a. 复杂的plex =system n. 复合物;综合体plicated =complex a. 复杂的plicated =made things more difficult a. 复杂的ponent= constituent a. 组成的pose=be made up ofposition= mixture n. 合成物prehensive= understandable a. 能理解的prehensive= complete a. 全部的,prehensive= thorough彻底的prise= form v. 组成prise =make up v. 组成prise=consist ofpulsory=required 必须的298.concede=accept 承认，接受299.conceiving=considering 构想，考虑300.consensus=agreement 一致301.concern= interest v. 感兴趣302.conclusive= final a. 最后的303.conclusive= ultimate a. 最后的304.conducive= contributive a. 有助于...的305.configuration= arrangement n. 布局;结构306.configuration= form n. 佈局;结构307.confine =limit/boundary v. 限制308.confront= face v. 面临309.congeal= solidify v. 使凝结310.consecutive= successive a. 连续的311.consequence= result n. 结果;重要性312.consequence =importance n. 结果;重要性313.consequent= later a. 随后的314.consequent= resultant a. 作为结果的315.consequent =resulting a. 作为结果的316.consequential= significant a. 重要的317.consequently= therefore ad. 因此318.consequently= thus ad. 因此319.conserve= save v. 保存320.consider =think as v. 考虑;认为321.consider =view as v. 考虑;认为322.consider =think about v. 考虑;认为认为323.considerable= substantial/significant a. 相当大的324.consist of =compose of v. 由…组成325.consistent= regular a. 一致的326.consistently= regularly ad. 一致地327.conspicuous= notable a. 明显的328.constant =stable a. 固定的;不变的329.constantly =always ad. 经常;不断地330.constellation =collection n. 一系列;一群331.constellation =combination n. 一系列;一群332.constitution= component n. 构造333.constrain =restrict v. 限制334.constraint= limit n. 限制335.constraint= restriction n. 限制336.consume= eat up v. 消耗;吃;喝吃;喝337.consumed= used up v. 消耗338.contemplate= consider v. 沉思339.contentious= disputed a. 好争吵的340.continual= constant a. 不间断的;连续的341.continuous =uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的342.contrive= create v. 发明343.contrive= invent v. 发明344.conventional= customary a. 习惯的;惯例的345.conventional= traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的346.converging= concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的347.convert =transform v. 使转变348.convert into= change to v. 转变成349.convict= condemn v. 宣判350.convict =sentence v. 宣判351.convict =doom(判决) v. 宣判352.conviction= belief n. 相信;信念353.conviction =strong belief n. 坚定的信念354.cope with= handle phrv. 应付;处理355.cope with= deal with phrv. 应付;处理356.copious= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的357.core =center n. 核心;要点358.correspondence= harmony n. 一致359.corroborate= confirm v. 证实;确证360.costly= expensive a. 贵重的;昂贵的361.counsel =advise v. 忠告362.countless= innumerable a. 数量很多的363.counter= oppose v. 反对364.counter of= in the opposite of a. 相反的365.counterpart= version(版本) n. 复本;副本366.counterpart= similitude(类似物) n. 复本;副本367.counterpart= equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本368.countervail =compensate v. 抵销;对抗369.countervail= oppose v. 抵销;对抗370.couple =associate v. 与…联系起来371.covered= included a. 隐蔽的;有盖的372.crawl =move v. 爬行;移动373.create= invent v. 创作;产生374.creative= inventive a. 创造的375.crest= peak n. 顶峰376.critical =crucial a. 关键的377.critical= essential a. 关键的378.criticize =debate(争论;辩论) v. 批评;责备379.crucial= important a. 重要的380.crucially= decisively ad. 关键地381.crushed =ground a. 碾碎了的382.cumbersome awkward a. 笨重的;麻烦的383.cumbersome= clumsy a. 笨重的;麻烦的384.cumbersome= unwieldy a. 笨重的;麻烦的385.curb= control v. 控制;遏止386.current =present a. 现在的387.dam= block v. 筑坝;控制388.dangle= hang v. 悬摆;吊389.daring =bold a. 大胆的390.debate= argue v. 辩论;争论391.decimate= destroy v. 大量毁灭392.decimation= destruction n. 大量毁灭393.degree =extent n. 程度394.degree= measure n. 程度395.delicate= dainty a. 易碎的;精美的396.delight= please v. 使高兴397.delight= pleasure n. 高兴;愉快398.deluxe= lavish a. 奢华的399.demand= need n. 需要;需求400.demise =extinction n. 死亡401.demography= population n. 人口统计402.dense= crowded a. 稠密的;密集的403.dense= thick a. 稠密的;密集的404.depend= rely on v. 依赖;依靠依靠405.dependable= reliable a. 可信赖的406.depict= describe v. 描述407.depict= portray v. 描写;描绘408.depletion= drain n. 消耗;用尽409.deposit =accumulate v. 沉积410.deposit= lay down v. 放下;放置411.derive= arise v. 源于;导出412.design =create v. 设计413.designate= identify v. 命名;指定414.detractor= critic(批评者) n. 诽谤者;恶意批评者415.detrimental =harmful a. 有害的;不利的416.deviate= digress v. 偏离417.deviation= departure n. 背离418.devise= create v. 设计;发明419.devoid of= lack of a. 缺乏的420.devoid of= without(prep.) a. 缺乏的421.devoid of= scant of a. 缺乏的422.devoted =dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心致志的423.devoted to =concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志的424.discernible = noticeable a. 可感知到，可注意到的425.dictate= determine v. 口授;命令426.dictate= order v. 命令427.differential= uneven a. 差别的;独特的428.diffuse =travel v. 扩散;散布429.diffuse= spread(out) v. 扩散;散布430.diligent= careful a. 勤奋的431.diligently= carefully ad. 勤奋地432.dilute= reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱433.dim= decrease v. 变暗淡434.disassemble= break apart v. 拆开435.disassemble =break up v. 拆开436.disband =dismiss v. 解散;遣散437.discard= throw away v. 摒弃;丢弃438.discard= throw up v. 摒弃;丢弃丢弃439.discernible= noticeable a. 可辨别的440.discernible= discriminating a. 可辨别的441.discharge= release v. 释放442.disentangle =disband v. 解开443.disgust= distaste v. 厌恶444.disintegrate= break apart v. 分解;碎裂445.disintegrate =fall apart v. 分解;碎裂446.disintegrate= tear apart v. 分解;碎裂447.dismantle =demolish v. 拆开;拆除448.disorder= anarchy n. 混乱449.dispensable= not necessary a. 非必要的450.dispersal =distribution n. 散布;驱散451.displace= move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开452.disposition= temperament n. 性格;性情453.dispute= contention n. 争论;争执454.dispute =argument n. 争论;争执455.dissipate= disperse v. 驱散456.dissipated =dispersed a. 分散的457.dissuade =discourage v. 劝阻458.distinct= clear and recognizable a. 清楚的;明确的459.distinction= difference n. 差别460.distinction= honor n. 荣誉461.distinction= excellence n. 优秀;卓越462.distinctive= characteristic a. 有特色的463.distinguish= notice from the difference v. 区别; 识别464.distribute= spread v. 分配;散布465.distribution= dispersion n. 散布466.distribution =geographic range n. 分布区域467.disturb= upset v. 打乱；扰乱468.diverse= distinct a. 不同的469.diversification= emergence of many varieties n. 多样化470.diversity =variety n. 多样性471.divest =deprive v. 剥夺472.divest =get rid of v. 剥夺473.domestic= home a. 家庭的;国内的474.dormant= hibernated a. 休眠的;不活动的475.dormant= inactive a. 休眠的;不活动的476.dramatically= greatly ad. 戏剧性地477.drastic= extreme a. 激烈的;极端的478.drastically =obviously ad. 大大地;彻底地479.drastically =severely(严重地) ad. 大大地;彻底地480.dual =double a. 双的;双重的481.duplicate= copy v. 复制482.duplicate= repeat n. 复本483.durable= lasting a. 经久的;持久的484.earn= acquire v. 赚得;赢得485.ease= facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻;使缓和486.eccentric= erratic a. 古怪的;反常的487.eccentric =strange a. 古怪的;反常的488.efface= eliminate v. 消去489.elaborate =detailed a. 精巧的;详尽的490.elaborate= dainty a. 精巧的;详尽的491.elapsed =passed a. 过去的;经过的492.element =weather condition n. （恶劣的）天气493.eliminate= remove v. 排除;消除494.elusive =difficult to catch a. 难懂的;难捉摸的495.emanate= emerge v. 散发;产生496.embark on=start v. 从事(着手)497.embed= insert v. 插入;植入498.embed= implant v. 插入;植入499.embed =enclose v. 插入;植入500.emergence= appearance n. 出现501.emergency =crisis n. 紧急情况502.emergent =developing a. 新兴的503.employ= use v. 利用504.enable =allow v. 使能够505.enactment= establishment n. 制定506.encapsulate= state briefly v. 概述507.encourage= stimulate v. 激励；刺激508.endangered= not abundant a. 濒临绝种的509.endeavor= enterprise n. 努力510.endow= bestow v. 捐赠511.engulf= swallow v. 吞没512.enhance= improve v. 提高;增强513.enhance= intensify v. 提高;增强514.enjoy =experience v. 经历515.enlist= obtain v. 谋取（支持、赞助等）516.enormous= great a. 巨大的517.enrich= enhance v. 使富足518.ensue= result v. 因…产生519.ensuing= subsequent a. 接着发生的520.ensure= guarantee v. 保证;担保521.entail=l involve v. 牵涉522.enthusiastic= eager a. 热情的523.environment= setting n. 环境524.ephemeral =short-lived a. 短暂的525.ephemeral =transient a. 短暂的526.episode= event n. 事件527.equilibrium= balance n. 平衡528.era =period n. 时代;年代529.eradicate= remove completely v. 根除;消灭530.erect =build v. 建立531.erratic= unpredictable a. 不稳定的;古怪的532.erratic= irregular a. 不稳定的;古怪的533.escalate= extend v. 逐步扩大534.essential= crucial a. 极重要的535.established =qualified a. 已制定的536.establishment =formation(构成) n. 建立;创立537.estimate= projection n. 估计538.estimation =evaluation n. 估计539.euphoric= extremely happy a. 心情愉快的540.evaluate= judge v. 评价541.eventual= later a. 最后的542.eventually= later ad. 最后543.eventually= ultimately ad. 最后544.evidence= proof n. 证据545.evident= apparent a. 明显的546.evident =obvious a. 明显的547.evoke= arouse v. 唤起;引起548.evoke= draw v. 唤起;引起549.evoke=produce v. 唤起;引起550.evoke= promote v. 唤起;引起551.evoke= stimulate v. 唤起;引起552.evoke =create in the mind v. 唤起; 引起553.exaggerate =overstate v. 夸张;夸大554.excavate =dig out v. 挖掘555.excavation =dug-out n. 挖掘556.exceed= surpass v. 超越;胜过557.exceed =beyond above v. 超越;胜过胜过558.exceedingly =extremely ad. 极其;非常559.excess =go beyond n. 超越; 胜过560.exclusively= only ad. 专门地;独占地561.excrete= expel v. 排泄;分泌562.exercise =use v. 运用563.exhausted= tired a. 精疲力竭的564.exhausted= used up a. 耗尽的;用完的565.exhibit =demonstrate v. 展示;陈列566.exhibit =display v. 展示;陈列567.expand= stretch v. 展开;增长568.expand =increase v. 展开;增长569.expanse= area n. 一大片区域570.expansive= large a. 广阔的571.expediency= convenience n. 方便;利己572.expediency= advantage(优势;利益) n. 方便；利己573.expedient= fitting a. 权宜的;方便的574.expend= use v. 耗尽575.explicit =obvious a. 明确的;清楚的576.explicitly= clear ad. 明确地577.exploit= utilize v. 利用578.exploit= take advantage of v. 利用579.exploit= make use of v. 利用580.explore= investigate v. 探测;探索581.expose to= subject to (遭受) v. 使经历582.express= communicate v. 表达583.extant= existing a. 现存的;尚存的584.extant =remaining a. 现存的;尚存的585.extant= not extinct a. 现存的;尚存的586.extend= stretch v. 延伸587.extend= reach v. 延伸588.extol =praise v. 赞美589.extraneous= inessential a. 无关的;外来的590.extraneous= from outside a. 无关的;外来的591.extraordinary= exceptional a. 异常的592.exude= release v. 渗出;发散593.exude= give off v. 渗出;发散594.fabricate= produce v. 制造595.far-reaching= extensive a. 深远的;广泛的596.far-reaching= broad a. 深远的;广泛的597.fascinating= extremely attractive a. 迷人的598.fashion= make v. 形成;造599.fashion= way n. 样子;方式600.fashionable =popular a. 流行的;时尚的601.feasible= achievable a. 可实行的602.feasible= practical a. 可实行的603.feast= eating n. 盛宴604.ferry= transport n. 渡轮605.fertile= reproductive a. 肥沃的;多产的606.fertile= productive a. 肥沃的;多产的607.figure out =map(详细规划) phr. 计算出;解决608.finding= discovery n. 发现609.first and foremost =above all phr. 首先;首要地610.flake =fragment n. 小薄片611.flattery= praise n. 恭维612.flee= run away from v. 逃走613.flexible= adaptable a. 易适应的614.float= stay on the top v. 漂浮615.float =upward rise phrv. 浮起616.flourish =prosper v. 繁荣;兴旺617.flourish= thrive v. 繁荣;兴旺618.flourishing= prosperous a. 繁荣的619.flow= movement n. 流动620.fluctuate= change v. 变动621.fluctuation= variation n. 变动;起伏622.focal= point centre area n. 焦点623.follow= track v. 跟随624.for instance= for example phr. 例如625.forage= feed n. 饲料626.forage =search for food v. 觅食627.formidable =excessive a. 巨大的628.foster= encourage v. 鼓励629.foster= urge v. 培养;促进630.foster =promote the development of v. 培养;促进631.foul= pollute v. 污染632.fragment= break up v. 使成碎片633.fragmentation= break n. 破裂634.fragmentize= break up v. 使成碎片635.frankly =openly ad. 坦白地636.frankly= sincerely ad. 真诚地637.friction= conflict n. 争执;不合638.function= operation n. 效用;作用639.function= utility n. 效用;作用640.fundamental =basic a. 基础的641.funds= money n. 资金642.furthermore= in addition ad. 此外643.gap= opening n. 缺口;裂口644.gear =adjust v. 使适合645.generate= produce v. 产生646.genuinely =actually ad. 真诚地647.get accustomed to= become used to phrv. 习惯648.give rise to= produce phrv. 引起649.given =particular a. 规定的;特定的ern= regulate v. 统治;管理ern= control v. 统治;管理652.grasp =understand v. 领会;理解653.groom= clean v. 装扮;使整洁654.groom =make up v. 装扮;使整洁使整洁655.groundless =unfounded a. 无根据的656.grounds =reasons n. 根据;理由657.groundwork= base n. 基础658.groundwork= basis n. 基础659.groundwork= foundation n. 基础660.grudging= unenthusiastic a. 勉强的661.guarantee= ensure v. 保证;担保662.hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志663.hamper =district v. 防碍;束缚664.hamper= restrict v. 防碍;束缚665.hamper =make difficulty v. 防碍;束缚666.handy= convenient a. 便利的;灵活的667.haphazard= random a. 随意的668.harness= use v. 利用669.harness= utilize v. 利用670.harsh= drastic a. 严厉的;严酷的671.hasty= hurried a. 匆匆的;急忙的672.haul= pull v. 拉673.have nothing to do with= in no relation to phrv. 不相干674.havoc= destruction n. 浩劫675.hazard =danger n. 危险676.heed= notice v. 留心;注意677.heighten= increase v. 增加;提高678.heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者679.hence= therefore ad. 因此680.heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统681.heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统682.heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的683.hide= conceal v. 隐藏684.hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍685.hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象686.hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象687.hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象688.hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象689.hire= employ v. 雇用690.hobby= pastime n. 嗜好691.hold =support v. 支撑;保持692.hold= keep up v. 支撑;保持保持693.hollow= an empty space n. 中空694.homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的695.host of =great number n. 大量696.however =yet conj. 然而697.hub= center n. 中心698.huge= large a. 巨大的699.hurdle =fence v. 用篱笆围700.hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的701.ice sheet= glacier(冰河) n. 冰原702.identical= the same a. 同样的703.idiosyncrasies =peculiarity n. 特性704.ignite= set on fire v. 点燃705.illusion= impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像706.immediately= closest ad. 接近;紧接着707.immense= great a. 巨大的708.immense= huge a. 巨大的709.immense= vast a. 巨大的710.immensely= extremely ad. 非常711.immigration= movement n. 移居712.immobile= fixed a. 固定的;静止的713.immobility= absence of motion n. 固定;静止714.immoral= indecent a. 不道德的715.immoral= improper a. 不道德的716.impermeable= impenetrable a. 不能渗透的717.impermeable =impervious a. 不能渗透的718.impetus= stimulus v. 刺激;促进719.impetus= incentive n. 刺激;促进720.implausible= unbelievable a. 难以置信的721.implement= tool n. 工具722.imply= indicate v. 意味723.imposing= impressive a. 给人深刻印象的724.imprecise= inexact a. 不精确的725.improbable= unlikely a. 不像会发生的726.in fact= actually phr. 事实上727.in great demand =in popularity phr. 普遍728.in respect to= in term of phr. 就…而言729.inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的730.inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地731.inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地732.inauspicious= unfavorable a. 不吉利的733.incidentally= by the way ad. 顺便一提734.inclement =unfavorable a. (气候)严酷的735.inconceivable= unimaginable a. 难以置信的736.inconclusive= without result(毫无结果) a. 不确定的737.incorporate= include v. 包含738.incorporate= merge v. 吸收;併入739.incursion= invasion n. 入侵740.indicate= demonstrate v. 指示;指出741.indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的742.indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的743.indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的744.indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的745.indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的746.indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的747.indispensable= significant(重要的) a. 必不可少的748.induce =bring v. 引起749.induce =cause v. 引起750.ineffectively= without any result ad. 无效地751.inert= motionless a. 迟缓的;惰性的752.inert= motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的753.inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的754.inference= conclusion n. 推断的结果755.infirm= weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的756.inflate= expand v. 膨胀;扩大757.infrastructure= foundation n. 基础建设758.ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的759.ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性760.ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性761.ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性762.ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性763.inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的764.inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的765.inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的766.inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的767.inherently =essentially ad. 固有地768.inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制769.inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的770.inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的771.initial= first a. 最初的772.initially =originally ad. 最初;开头773.initiate= begin v. 开始;创始774.initiate =start v. 开始;创始775.innovation =new n. 革新;创新776.innovative= new a. 创新的777.inordinate= excessive a. 过度的778.install= put in place v. 放置，安置779.instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间780.instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的781.instigate= incite v. 唆使;煽动782.instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的783.insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的784.intact= untouched a. 完好的785.intangible =nonmaterial a. 无形的786.intangible= immaterial a. 无形的787.integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的788.intense =strong a. 强烈的789.intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地790.intermediate= in-between a./n. 中间的;媒介791.intimate =close a. 亲密的792.intricate= complex a. 复杂的793.intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的794.intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣795.intriguing= fascinating a. 迷人的796.intrinsic= essential a. 本质的;内在的797.intrinsic= inherent a. 本质的;内在的798.intrusive= invasive a. 侵入的799.invade= move into v. 入侵;侵犯800.invaluable= highly useful a. 极宝贵的801.invariably= always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地802.invent =devise v. 发明803.inviolable= without exception a. 不可违背的804.inviolable =allowing no attack a. 不可违背的805.invoke =appeal v. 垦求,祈求806.irrecoverable =permanent a. 不能挽回的807.irreparable= permanent a. 不能挽回的808.isolated= separated a. 孤立的;分离的809.jettison= release v. 抛弃810.jolt= shock v. 震动;震惊811.judge= estimate v. 评判812.junction =connection n. 连接;接合813.juncture =connection n. 连接;接合814.justified= right a. 正当的815.justify= prove v. 证明...是正当的816.key= significant a. 重要的;关键的ding= cargo n. 货物ding= shipment n. 货物ndscape= scenery n. 风景;景色rge= extensive a. 大的;大量的rgely =mostly ad. 大部分;主要地unch= initial v. 发起;发动unch= initiate v. 发起;发动unch= start v. 发起;发动825.legitimacy= authority n. 合法性826.legitimately= properly ad. 正当地;合法地827.leisure= free time n. 闲暇828.leisurely= slowly a. 悠闲的;从容不迫地829.lethal= fateful a. 致命的830.lethal =deadly a. 致命的831.liberal =extensive a. 宽大的832.liken= to compare v. 比较。

托福考试词汇（精选5篇）1.托福考试词汇第1篇政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票;收据;账单bank loan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义(认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法);保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的;复杂的，尖端的2.托福考试词汇第2篇微生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染 / 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌3.托福考试词汇第3篇1) 作为团队工作 work as/ in a team2) 在的帮助下 with the help of3) 穿校服 wear a school uniform4) 使用学校设备 use the school facilities/ equipment5) 参加的新生引导课程 take an orientation course6) 与小组一起学习 study with a group7) 出国留学 study abroad8) 与某人分享观点 share a idea/ ideas with someone9) 与某人同住一室 share a room with sb10) 现实生活经验 real life experience11) 优先考虑 put a priority on12) 追求个人兴趣pursue one’s individual interest13) 提倡创造性思维 promote/ advocate creative thinking/ critical thinking14) 预防校园暴力 prevent school violence15) 参与课堂讨论 participate in a class discussion16) 理清思路organize one’s thoughts17) 选修科目optional subjects18) 提供教育机会 offer/ provide an educational opportunity19) 在方面改变 make a change20) 主修 major in21) 住宿舍 live in a dormitory/ dorm22) 讲座 lectures23) 通过学习 learn by/ via/ through + doing24) 自学learn by myself/ teach myself25) 增加教育预算 increase the education budget26) 增加某人的潜力increase one’s potential/ 能力capability27) 有机会 have the opportunity to do sth28) 对有很大的影响 have a strong impact on sth29) 对有强烈的好奇心 have a strong curiosity about30) 进行关于的讨论 have a discussion about31) 有文凭/学历 have a diploma/ certification in32) 有的选择 have a choice of33) 从学校毕业 graduate from34) 上私立学校 go to a private/ public school35) 经历青春期 go through puberty36) 因给某人奖励 give someone a prize37) 取得好成绩 get a good grade38) 收到良好的教育 get good education39) 获得最新的信息 gain/ receive the latest information/ news40) 从获得知识 gain knowledge from41) 组成学习小组 form a study group42) 感到来自同龄个人的压力 feel peer/ contemporaries pressure43) 面对问题 face a problem44) 课外活动 extracurricular activities45) 拓展知识expand/ gain/ acquire/ obtain/ get/ accumulate one’s knowledge46) 获得学分earn a credit47) 培养在方面的专长 develop expertise48) 必修科目 compulsory subjects49) 职业准备 career preparation50) 建学校 build/ establish school51) 开始正规教育 begin formal education52) 必须，被要求 be required/ suppose to do53) 参与户外活动 participate/ take part in/ join in/ attend outdoor activities54) 在方面有能力;能胜任 be competent/ capable in55) 上大学 attend college/ university56) 上课 attend classes57) 参加夏令营 participate/ engage in/ , be/ get involved in a summer camp58) 给某人布置家庭走也 assign homework to somebody59) 中学、大学 a primary/ middle/ high Secondary60) 研究领域 a field of study61) 内向型格introvert personality4.托福考试词汇第4篇dermatology(皮科)ethnology(人种学)etymology(语源学)entomology(昆虫学)neurology(神经学)ophthalmology(眼科)entomology(昆虫学)neurology(神经学)ophthalmology(眼科)ornithology(鸟类学)obstetrics(产科学)pathology(病理学)petrology(岩石学)philology(语言学)prosody(诗体论)psephology(选举学)speleology(洞穴学)taxonomy(分类学)topography(地形学)gastronomy(美食法)astrology(占星术)homiletics(说教术)meteorology(气象学)gerontology(老人医学)physiology(生理学)5.托福考试词汇第5篇concerning：about，regarding论及，关于excepting=exceptfailing：in default of 因缺少……;在缺少……时following：after in time;as a sequel to在……以后including：if we include如果包括我;……包括在内pending：during/until在……期间/直到……为止regarding：about，concerning，in respect of 关于，涉及according tas stated by/ in proportion根据……/依照……ahead of：在……之前further forward in space or time sb/sth; 在空间/时间上进一步某人/某事ealier than sb/sth;早于某人/某事further advanced than sb/sth领先与某人/某事along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除……外/且莫说;除……之外尚有as for：with regard to至于as from：on and after(a specified time)从一特定时间开始as of=as fromas regards：about，concerning至于，就……而论as twith regard to关于，至于because of：on account of，by reason 由于but for：without the help or hindrane 假如没有……(帮助或障碍等);要不是by means of凭借……的方法due tbecause of由于except for：not including，other than除了in accordance with：in conformity to一致;依据in front of：ahead of ，in the presence of在前面;当着……的面in place of：in exchange for，instead of作为……的交换in spite of：notwithstanding不管，不顾instead of：in place of代替in view of：considering由于，鉴于with a view twuth the hope or intention of指望，考虑到near to or at a short distance from(in space，time，condition，)接近，靠近next talmost，virtually几乎on account of： beause of由于……缘故on behalf of：in the interests of;as representative为了……的利益/代表owing tbecause of由于prior tbefore在前，居先together with：as well as和，连同up tuntil/below or equal to直到/不多于in regard to=with regard tas concerns，in respect of关于，涉及in that由于，因为now that由托福写作中常见的介词及短语有什么就为同学们讲解这些，希望文中的内容对大家有所帮助，同时也希望大家能够顺利通过考试。

托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。

iBT新托福镇魂单词题（词汇题）全集2011年新增内容1.abrupt=sudden adj.突然的2.accumulate=build up 积累3.arid=dry adj.干旱的4.astoundingly=incredibly adv.使人震惊的5.be susceptible to=be subject to 受…影响的6.brew=develop vt.开发7.by and large=for the most part 总的来说8.catastrophic=badly harmful 灾难性的9.champion=promote vt.提升，提拔10.circumstance=situation n.情况11.cluster=group n.组，群12.coincidence=likely events 相同，符合13.colossal=enormous adj.巨大的pelling=forcing adj.强烈的，引人入胜的prehensive=thorough adj.全面的，彻底的pulsory=required adj.必须的17.concensus=agreement n.一致18.confined=limited adj.有限的19.congregate=gather vt. vi（使）集合，聚集20.consequently=as a result 结果，因此21.considerablely=greatly adv.相当大地22.consume=use completely 耗尽23.continuous=ongoing adj.不断前进的24.convince=persuade vt.劝说，说服25.couple with=together with 把…连同在一起26.cushioned=protect 保护27.deficient=inadequate adj,不足的28.despite= even though 尽管29.detected=identified vt.认出，识别30.dim=weak adj.暗淡的，弱的31.dimension=size n.尺寸32.distant=far adj.遥远的33.diverse=various adj.不同的34.doctrine=principle n.原则35.end=purpose n.目的36.enduring=withstanding adj.耐心的，持久的37.essential=required adj.必须的38.eventual=final adj.最终的39.eventually= finally adv.最后，终于45.intercourse=exchange n.交流46.keep tune to=maintain 保持47.marked= significant adj.明显的，显著的48.markedly=noticeably adv.显著地49.marvelously=remarkably adv.引人注目地50.mere subsistence=minimize survival 最低的维持生存51.minute=small adj.少的52.moderate=temperate adj.温和的53.modify=change vt.修改，更改54.mutually exclusive=contradictory adj.矛盾的55.notably=especially adv.明显地56.on the whole=mainly 主要地57.originate from= come into existence from 来源于58.owning to=because of 因为59.peak=summit/climax n.顶点60.portions=parts n.部分61.pragmatic = practical adj.实际的62.profound=deep adj.深的63.projection=prediction n.预测，推断，设想64.proliferating=multiplying vi.繁殖65.prolong=lengthy adj.过长的66.potential= capability adj.可能的67.provided=if conj. 如果68.ravage=destroy n.毁坏69.regenerate=renew vt.新生，再生70.regrettable=unfortunate adj.不幸的，令人遗憾的71.resembling=approximating vt.类似，近似72.respective=particular adj.每个的，各个的73.resume = start again vt.重新开始74.seek=attempt vt.试图，企图75.severed=cut off 切断76.setback=failure n.挫折，失败77.severity=seriousness n.严格，严肃78.significance=importance n.重要性79.spur of the moment=without planning 没有计划80.stunning=astounding adj.使人震惊的81.subsequent=following in time 在…之后82.substantial=enough adj.重大的，重要的83.successive=continuous adj.连续的84.supplemental=additional adj.额外的85.susceptible to=be subject to 容易受到…的影响86.throughout=during the period 始终87.throughout=during the period 始终88.thus=therefore adv.因此89.underscore=emphasize vt.强调90.vast=huge adj.巨大的91.vital=essential adj.必不可少的92.whole=entire adj.整体的，全部的。

TOEFL词汇题精选001.Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers,activists working for women's right to vote,or authors,and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word"representative"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)typical(B)satisfied(C)supportive(D)distinctive002.In the United States,Louis Comfort Tiffany(1843-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style,producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word"prized"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)valued(B)universal(C)uncommon(D)preserved003.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from1895until1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's.It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word"overtaken"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)surpassed(B)inclined(C)expressed(D)applied004.During most of their lives,surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers,traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day.However,at intervals of10to100years,these glaciers move forward up to100times faster than usual. The word"intervals"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)records(B)speeds(C)distances(D)periods005.The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed,overcoming the friction between ice and rock,thus freeing the glacier,which rapidly sliders downhill.Surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat,or earthquakes.The word"freeing"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)pushing(B)releasing(C)strengthening(D)draining006.A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea.With the continued rise in sea level,more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher,which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word"plunge"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)drop(B)extend(C)melt(D)drift007.Group members look to instrumental leaders to"get things done."Expressive leadership,on the other hand,is leadershipthat emphasizes the collective well-being of aTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导social group's members.The word"collective"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)necessary(B)typical(C)group(D)particular008.They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline,are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word"resolve"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)avoid repeating(B)talk about(C)avoid thinking about(D)find a solution for009.Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875,when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains.Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word"noticed"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)predicted(B)announced(C)corrected(D)observed010.Since then,over100tons of fossils,1.5 million from vertebrates,2.5million from invertebrates,have been recovered,often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word"tangled"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)buried beneath(B)twisted together(C)quickly formed(D)easily dated011.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer,and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word"concealed"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)highlighted(B)covered(C)transformed(D)contaminated012.The ocean bottom---a region nearly2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth---is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted,until about a century ago,the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible,hidden beneath waters averaging over3,600meters deep.The word"inaccessible"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe013.The DSDP's drill ship,the Glomar Challenger,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters,extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word"extracting"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)breaking(B)locating(C)removing(D)analyzing014.Today,largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages,nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word"strength"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)basis(B)purposeTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导(C)discovery(D)endurance015.For every three Canadians in1945,there were over five in1966.In September1966 Canada's population passed the20million mark.Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word"surging"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)new(B)extra(C)accelerating(D)surprising016.When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly,the good economic conditions of the1950's supported a growth in the population,but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word"trend"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)tendency(B)aim(C)growth(D)directive017.After the peak year of1957,the birth rate in Canada began to decline.It continued falling until in1966,it stood at the lowest level in25 years.The word"peak"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)pointed(B)dismal(C)mountain(D)maximum018.Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by1966(the increase the first half of the1960's was only nine percent),another large population wave was coming over the horizon.It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to1957.The phrase"prior to"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)behind(B)since(C)during(D)preceding019.Advocates of organic foods---a term whose meaning varies greatly---frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word"Advocates"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)Proponents(B)Merchants(C)Inspectors(D)Consumers020.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains,and the like.The word"unsubstantiated"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)unbelievable(B)uncontested(C)unpopular(D)unverified021.But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word"maintain"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)improve(B)monitorTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导(C)preserve(D)restore022.In addition,there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word"considerable"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)thoughtful(B)substantial(C)relational(D)ceremonial023.In addition,there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word"enactment"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)establishment(B)performance(C)authorization(D)season024.Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States,North and South,when the Civil War ended.About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life,and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word"Staggering"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)specialized(B)confusing(C)various(D)overwhelming025.About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized,readjusted to civilian life,and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word"devastated"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)developing (B)ruined(C)complicated(D)fragile026.Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps.But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word"demonstrated"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)ignored(B)showed(C)disguised(D)distinguished027.As water is lost from the surface of the leaves,a negative pressure,or tension,is created.The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots.The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word"extend"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)stretch(B)branch(C)increase(D)rotate028.By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion,the omnibuses,horse railways,commuter trains,and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word"vast"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)large(B)basic(C)new(D)urbanTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导029.The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between1890and1920,for example,some 250,000new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago,most of them located in outlying areas.The word"sparked"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)brought about(B)surrounded(C)sent out(D)followed030.Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting,real estate developers added800,000potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word"potential"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)certain(B)popular(C)improved(D)possible031.The quality of preservation is outstanding,but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word"outstanding"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)extensive(B)surprising(C)vertical(D)excellent032.Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from6different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden,suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word"site"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)example(B)location(C)development(D)characteristic033.The quality of preservation is almost unmatched,and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase"account for"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)record(B)describe(C)equal(D)explain034.In the seventeenth century the organ,the clavichord,and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group,a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words"a supremacy"in line9are closestin meaning to(A)a suggestion(B)an improvement(C)a dominance(D)a development035.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it,the perfection of a metal frame,and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound,from a liquid,singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.The word"myriad"is closest in meaning toTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导which of following?(A)noticeable(B)many(C)loud(D)unusual036.Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos,the Spanish word for towns.These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements.At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word"supreme"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)most common(B)most outstanding(C)most expensive(D)most convenient037.They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals,perform ritual dances,settle pueblo affairs,and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word"settle"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)sink(B)decide(C)clarify(D)locate038.Then,to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland,the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.The word"ascending"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)arriving at(B)carving(C)connecting(D)climbing039.Within a very short time,however,the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent,and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word"solemn"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)simple(B)serious(C)short(D)silent040.Certain films had music especially composed for them.The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W.Griffith's film Birth of a Nation,which was released in1915.The word"composed"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)selected(B)combined(C)played(D)createdThe word"scores"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)totals(B)successes(C)musical compositions(D)groups of musicians041.The Earth comprises three principal layers:the dense,iron-rich core,the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth,and the thin,solid-surface crust.The word"comprises"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)adapts to(B)benefits from(C)consists of(D)focuses on042.These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth.Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow,interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word"intense"is closest in meaning toTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导which of following?(A)surface(B)sudden(C)rare(D)extreme043.New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example,by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.The word"margins"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)edges(B)peaks(C)interiors(D)distances044.If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents,a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea.The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word"support"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)separate(B)create(C)reduce(D)hold045.Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being.The word"appreciation"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)ignorance(B)recognition(C)tolerance(D)forgiveness046.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant,most-distinctive feature-the ocean.Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word"bias"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)concern(B)disadvantage(C)attitude(D)prejudice047.The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west.Warm,moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word"prevailing"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)most frequent(B)occasional(C)gentle(D)most dangerous048.There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins.The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. The word"accumulated"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)dried(B)flooded(C)collected(D)evaporated049.All living creature,especially human beings,have their peculiarities,but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that,among other eccentricities,eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods,and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?TPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导The phrase"bizarre"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)odd(B)marine(C)simple(D)rare050.Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked,it squirts all its internal organs into the water.It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles.The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched;it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The phrase"casts off"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)grows again(B)grabs(C)gets rid of(D)uses as a weapon051.A folk culture is small,isolated,cohesive, conservative,nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race,with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word"homogeneous"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)uniform(B)general(C)primitive(D)traditional052.Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada.Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish,a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase"largely renounces"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)generally rejects(B)greatly modifies (C)loudly declares(D)often criticizes053.Secular institutions,of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order,and a money-based economy prevails.Because of these contrasts,"popular"may be viewed as clearly different from"folk".The word"prevails"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)dominates(B)provides(C)develops(D)invests054.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado,because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word"subtle"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)complex(B)regular(C)imagined(D)slightmunications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously,and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word"compile"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)put together(B)look up(C)pile high(D)work over056.Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable ofTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导transforming raw weather data into words, symbols,and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. The word"raw"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)stormy(B)inaccurate(C)uncooked(D)unprocessed057.People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. The word"Prospect"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)regret(B)possibility(C)theory(D)circumstance058.Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century,the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries.As the population grew,its makeup also changed. The word"roughly"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)harshly(B)surprisingly(C)slowly(D)approximately059.Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions.As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.The word"magnify"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)solve(B)explain (C)analyze(D)increaseThe word"distinctions"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)differences(B)classes(C)accomplishments(D)characteristics060.In science,a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.The word"related"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)connected(B)described(C)completed(D)identified061.If observations confirm the scientists' predictions,the theory is supported.The word"supported"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)finished(B)adjusted(C)investigated(D)upheld062.The ice trade grew with the growth of cities.Ice was used in hotels,taverns,and hospitals,and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat,fresh fish,and butter. The phrase"forward-looking"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)progressive(B)popular(C)thrifty(D)well-established063.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose.In the early nineteenth century,the knowledge of theTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导physics of heat,which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary.The word"rudimentary"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)growing(B)undeveloped(C)necessary(D)uninteresting064.Aside from perpetuating itself,the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to"foster,assist and sustain an interest"in literature,music, and art.The word"sole"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)only(B)honorable(C)common(D)official065.One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome.There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and,more recently,by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word"subsidizes"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)assures(B)finances(C)schedules(D)publishesmittee membership rotates every year,so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.The word"rotates"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)alternates(B)participates(C)decides(D)meets 067.One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making:implements flaked with a clockwise motion(indicating a right-handed toolmaker)can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).The word"implements"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)tools(B)designs(C)examples(D)pieces068.Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues.Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives,as do the present-day Inuit.The word"clues"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)solutions(B)details(C)damage(D)information069.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities.Such studies,as well as studies of tool use,indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.The word"hemispheres"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)differences(B)sides(C)activities(D)studies070.Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase"subject to"is closest in meaning toTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导which of following?(A)susceptible to(B)classified by(C)attractive to(D)strengthened by071.The external surfaces of plants,in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle,often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes,which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.The word"puncture"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)pierce(B)pinch(C)surround(D)cover072.Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms,in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The word"fused"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)combined(B)hidden(C)fertilized(D)produced073.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors,and scents.At least50different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family,each blended to attract one,or at most a few,species of insects or birds.The word"lure"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)attract(B)recognize(C)follow(D)help074.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.The word"placed"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)estimated(B)measured(C)deposited(D)identified075.By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators,orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild,assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.The word"discrete"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)complicated(B)separate(C)inoffensive(D)functional076.The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed.While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions,these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The word"overtaxed"is closest in meaning to which of following?(A)well prepared(B)plentifully supplied(C)heavily burdened(D)charged too much077.Therefore,in the1950's and1960's,the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system.Consequently,the"custodial rhetoric"of the1930's and early1940's no longer made sense;that is,keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children agedTPO小站专业托福一对一保分指导。

历年词汇真题Inaccessible 难以接近的：unreachableExtracting 提取，提炼： removingStrength基础：basisSurging 激增，迅速上升：acceleratingTrend 倾向，趋势：tendencyPeak 最高点，最高峰： maximumPrior to 在前，局先：precedingAdvocates 提倡者，赞成者： proponents Unsubstantiated 无确实根据的，未经证实的： unverifiedMaintain 维持：preserveConsiderable 极其，相当，大量： substantial Enactment 制定，执行： performanceStaggering 令人惊愕的：overwhelming Devastated 毁坏：ruined Demonstrate 证明，示威：showed Extend延伸，扩展：stretchVast巨大的，辽阔的：largeSparked 发动，鼓舞：brought about Potential潜在的，可能的：possible Outstanding 突出的，显著的： excellent Account for 解释，说明：explain Picking up 沿着：followingA supremacy至高，霸权：a dominanceSupplanted代替：replaced Myriad无数:manySupreme最高的：most outstandingSettle解决，决定：decideAscending 上升，攀登：climbingSolemn 严肃的：seriousComposed创作，作曲：createdScores 乐谱：music composition Comprises 包含，由，构成：consists of Intense 剧烈的：extremeMargins 空白：edgesSupport 支撑：holdAppreciation 感激，评价，欣赏： recognitionBias 偏见：prejudice Prevailing 流行的：most frequentAccumulated 积聚，堆积：collectedRelated有关系得：connectedSupported 支撑：upheldForward-looking 向前看的：progressive 进步的Rudimentary 不发达的，未发展的：undeveloped Sole唯一的：onlySubsidizes 资助：financeRotates旋转：alternatesImplements 玩具：toolsClues 线索：informationHemispheres 半球：sides Subject to 遭受：susceptible to Puncture 刺穿：pierceDramatic 戏剧性的，显著的： striking Characterized 不同，区别于其他： distinguished Bizarre 古怪的：oddCasts off 抛弃：gets rid ofHomogeneous 一致的，同一的： uniform Largely renounces 基本上拒绝：generally rejects Prevail 流行，支配控制：dominatesSubtle 轻微的，精细的： slightCompile 收集，积累：put togetherRaw 未加工的，为处理的： unprocessedProspect 前景，可能性： possibility Roughly大约地：approximately Magnify 增加，扩大：increaseDistinction 不同，区别：differences Fused 结合：combinedLure 吸引：attractPlaced 放置：depositedDiscrete分泌：separateOvertaxed 负担沉重的： heavily burdened Inadequate 不充足的：deficient Inevitable 不可避免地：unavoidably Lamented 不满，抱怨：complaint about First rank 最高水平： highest qualityFadedfrom 消失于：disappeared from Novel 创新的，新颖的： innovative Stationary 固定的：fixedVessel船只：craftSmothering 窒息的：eliminated Coined组成，创造：created Intervention 干预：influence Emerged出现：appearedOutlining 概括，总结：summarizing Deliberate 仔细地：careful Demanded 需要：requiredImitate 模仿：copyComparably 相似地：similarly Inclinations 偏好，喜好 : preferencesVaried不同：differed Cumbersome 笨重地：burdensomeConfined 局限：limitedFramed 构造，制定：posed Supposedly 可能地，推测地： seemingly Sanitation 卫生：healthConflicting 对立的：apposingGive way to 让位于：turns into Speculate 假设：hypothesize Alternative 选择：optionImposing Penetrate Extended Preferred要求高的，费力的：demanding 穿过：go through 增加，延长：increase 喜欢; favoredBarren 贫瘠的：infertileHard坚硬的：firmDivergence 不同，区别：difference Durable 耐久地：long-lastingDwelling 住所：housesElaborately 精心地：done in a great detail Bounds 限制：limitsChance 偶然的：unplannedIntegral 必要的，基本的：an essential Carry 承担：supportConcentrated 集中：clusteredEffect 影响：influence Distinct区别，不同：separate Setting 建立：establishingEnds目标：goalsDrastic 激进的：radical Extracted提取：removed Instances 例子:cases Entombed 陷入：trapped Marked 明显的:pronounced Ushering 开始，引入： beginning Execute 执行，创造：create Domains 领域：fields Fundamental 基本的：basic Skilled 专业的：expertPresided over 管理控制：managed Celestial 天文学的：astronomicalEntities 物体：objectsMotifs 母题，图案：designs Rare 罕见的:infrequent Maintaining 维持：preserving Tolerate忍耐：endureObtain 获得getRoll back减少reduce Stimulating 刺激encouraging Depressed 降低，使沮丧 lowered Stringent严厉的strict Dictates 决定determinesWitnessed 看到observedA break with 分开a departure fromConserve 维持，保留 retain Magnified 加强，加剧 intensified Forage 觅食feedCounteracted 否定，抵消 negatedIn season 应季a particular time of year Fixture 寻常物品commonplace object Nevertheless 但是 howeverRotates 转动，改变turnsReadily 容易地，欣然地 easily Constituting 组成 making upPits 洞，坑 holesDisputes 争论arguments Unrestricted 不受限制的 unlimitedSnap 折断 breakFed 吃/放入 putExposed to 易受影响的，受支配 subjected to Exert 引起，导致 causeDiffuses 穿过，扩散travelsRapture 破裂 burstMiniscule 微小的tinyEnables 使能够 allowsAesthetically 美学的，艺术的 artistically Refreshing 非同寻常的，耳目一新的 unusualDevote 奉献dedicate Bound 系，绑tied Assembling 聚集gatheringAdorned 装修decorated Attire 服装clothing Unravel 揭露discover Mundane 平凡的 ordinary Gap 空隙opening Discards 抛弃gets rid of Deft 灵巧的 skilled Robust 强壮的 strong Heralded 宣布announced Position 职位jobMajor 主要的 principalSymmetrical 比例平衡的，对称的 proportionally balanced Obvious明显的apparentDominated 占支配地位的 were prevalent in Supplements 补充extensionsCrisscross 交叉 move back and forth Skepticism 怀疑主义doubtSubsidy 资助financingConjectural 猜测的 based on guessing Employing 采用 usingAssortment 种类varietyExalted 高级的 superiorIngots 银锭/块 blocks of silver mixed with copperCame of age 出现了，成名了 established itself Trace 痕迹 imprintsExposed 暴露 uncoveredAdversely 逆向/反的 negatively Altered 改变changedNoxious 有毒的，有害的 harmful Detectable 可以探测的 measurable Acute 敏锐的，剧烈的 intense Exceeded 超越surpassed Astounding 惊讶的 surprising Durable 耐久的 lasting Customarily 通常 usually Induced 导致causedRemarkable 异常的 extraordinary Exerted 运用applied Restricted限制limitedIntricate 错综复杂的 complexVary 区别，不同 differInitially 首先at firstCohesion 凝聚力 unityConsciously 有意识地，故意地 purposely Unadorned 未装饰的，平凡的 plain Consumption 消费，吃 eating Constituents 组成部分 components Calculated 计算，决定 determined Ceased 停止stopProminent 著名的 distinguished Apply to 应用于 used for Coarser 粗糙的 rougherDense 浓密的thickThanks to 由于 because ofEagerly anticipated 渴望，期待 looked forward to Properties 特征，特点 characteristicsAscribed to 归功于，认为 assumed to be true of Revolutionized 巨变，革命 dramatically changed Appeal 吸引attractionSpawned 产生，产卵 createdCore 核心centerEmbedded 镶嵌encasedSpotting 识别 identifyingDogma 信仰，教条 beliefDetect 发现discovered the presence ofShied away from 避免avoided Milestone 里程碑 significant development Critical 关键的 essentialJolting 震动shockingMagnitude 成都/大小extent Attachment to 倾向于 preference for Protruding 凸出的 projectingShield保护protectDaring 大胆boldBoosted 鼓舞 raisedInhibited 阻碍hindered Counterpart 版本，对应物version Detectable 明显的，可探测的 apparentSumptuous 奢侈的 luxurious Yield 供应provideAdhere 坚持 stickInitiate 启动，开始 begin Modifying 改变，限制 changing Rapidity 迅速swiftness Efficiency 效率effectiveness Rear 抚养 raiseScale 攀登climbImmunity 免疫，保护 protectionConspicuous 明显的 noticeable Bias 偏见 prejudice Exorbitant 丰富的 expensiveUndergone 经历experienced Consorted 交往associated Sufficient 充足adequate Annihilate 消灭，征服 conquer Aptly 恰当的 appropriately Fashion制造createArticle 物品objectStaples 基本产品 basic elements Invade 侵入 move into Contemporary 当代的 existingFinely 微小的 minutelyAttendant 伴随的accompanying Exponential leaps 迅速上升 rapid increasesVirtually 几乎完全，实际上 almost completely Pertinent 相关的 relevantSuccinct 简明conciseRevise 改变changeMonopolized 垄断dominatedFactions部分sidesFlattering 赞美complimentary Disseminated 分散spreadAccelerated 加速 increasedGiven way to 替代 been replaced byReliance 依赖dependence Picture 想象 imagine Emit 发出give offGlowing 发光的 shiningInflux 流入，到达 arrival Extraordinary 异常的 exceptional Era 时代 period of time Intriguing 吸引人的attractive Conclusive 总结性的definitive Preoccupation 卷入involvement Primary 基本的fundamental Entire 整个wholeBring about 引起causeTemping 吸引人的 attractiveReckless 不负责任的 irresponsibleConcomitant with 同时发生的，与之伴随的 in conjunction withSkyrocketing 迅速上升 increasing rapidly Extolling 高度赞扬praisingRoughly 大约harshlyReaped 获得gainedInterchangeable 互换的，等同于 equivalent Classified 分类categorizedIncinerated itself 燃烧 burn upSecuring 获得acquiringImplications 意义significantHinterland 腹地，内地贸易区 regionPersisted 坚持，持续 continued Undergoing 经历，遭受 experiencing Suspend 悬挂，延迟 hangFatal 致命的 deadlySecure 安全的 safeSorted out 分类，挑练 separatedDampened 使潮湿 moistenedFine 细微的tinyDerived 起源，得自 obtainedDrastically 激烈的，彻底的severelyCoincided with 一致，符合 happened at the same time Supplement 补充add toContemporary 当代的，同时代的 written at the same timePrized 珍视valued Overtaken 超越，胜出surpassed Intervals 间隔 periods。

TOEFL词汇题精选001. Most of these leaders were involved inpublic life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were notrepresentative at all of the great of ordinarywomen.The word "representative" is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major forcein the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915,although its influence continued throughoutthe mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciersbehave like normal glaciers, traveling perhapsonly a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someoneexperiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions ofthe 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch(B) branch (C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word "outstanding" is closest in meaningto which of following?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development035. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039. Within a very short time, however, theincongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists beganto take some care in matching their pieces tothe mood of the film.The word "solemn" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) createdThe word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositions(D) groups of musicians041. The Earth comprises three principallayers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distances044. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgiveness046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous048. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated049. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) odd(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects(B) greatly modifies(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes053. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dominates(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests054. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight055. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word "compile" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile high(D) work over056. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed057. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumstance058. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) harshly(B) surprisingly(C) slowly(D) approximately059. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solve(B) explain(C) analyze(D) increaseThe word "distinctions" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) classes(C) accomplishments(D) characteristics060. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.The word "related" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) connected(B) described(C) completed(D) identified061. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) finished(B) adjusted(C) investigated(D) upheld062. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) growing(B) undeveloped(C) necessary(D) uninteresting064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) only(B) honorable(C) common(D) official065. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) assures(B) finances(C) schedules(D) publishes066. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) alternates(B) participates(C) decides(D) meets067. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tools(B) designs(C) examples(D) pieces068. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solutions(B) details(C) damage(D) information069. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is usedto perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) sides(C) activities(D) studies070. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by071. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover072. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced073. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds.The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help074. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified075. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functional076. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) well prepared(B) plentifully supplied(C) heavily burdened(D) charged too much。

45. administer = manage v.管理12.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.a matter of speculation =supposition n. 推断a solicitation of =an invitation of n.垦求;垦请abandoned= left a.被遗弃的aberrant= abnormal a.脱离常轨的,abort= quit v. 夭折;中止abrupt=sudden adj. 突然的abruptly= suddenly ad.突然地;意外地absorb =appeal v.吸收;被…吸引=learn (学习)= take in v.吸收;被…吸引abstract= not concrete a.抽象的;非实际的absurd= ridiculous a.荒谬的;可笑的abundance= great number n.大量= large amount n.大量abundant = affluent a.丰富的;大量的= ample a.丰富的;大量的= numerous a.丰富的;大量的= plentiful a.丰富的;大量的= substantial a.丰富的;大量的=ample adj. 丰富的abundantly= plentifully ad.丰富地;大量地access =reach v.接近accessible =easy to reach a.易接近的accidental =unexpected a. 意外的;偶然的accommodate= provide for v.提供accomplished =achieved a.实现完成的=skilled a.熟练的account for= explain v.说明account= description n.说明accumulate =collect v.积累;聚集=pile up v.积累;聚集46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.72.73.74.75.76.admit= let in v.准许进入adopt= enact v.采用advance= improvement n.发展;增长advent= arrival n.出现;到来= beginning n.出现;到来affair= matter n.事件;事情afford=provide v.提供;给予aggravate=annoy v.使恼火=increase v.加重;增剧aggregate= combined a.聚集的;合计的= overall a. 聚集的;合计的aggregation n.聚合，聚集；聚集体，集合体agile= astute a.灵活的;敏捷的= clever a.灵活的;敏捷的= move and act quickly a.灵活的;敏捷的=quick and active a.灵活的;敏捷的air= feeling n.气氛alarm= sound v.警报= warning n.警告albeit =even though conj.尽管；虽然= although conj.尽管；虽然allow= enable v.允许allude to= refer to phrv.提到= suggest v.暗示ally with= link to v.结盟alter= change to v.改变amazing= remarkable a.令人惊讶的/非凡的ambiguous =vague a.不明确的ambivalent =mixed a.矛盾的ample =spacious a.宽敞的= plentiful a.充足的;丰富的33. =build up 积累77. anchor= hold in place v.使固定34.35.36.37. accurate =correct a.正确的accurately= correctly ad.正确地acknowledge= recognize v.承认actually= in fact ad.事实上78.79.80.81.ancient =antique a.古老的annihilate =completely remove v.消灭annihilate= destroy v.消灭38. added =extra a.附加的;额外的82. annihilated=destroy v. 废止39.40. adept =skilled a.熟练的adherent= supporter n.拥护者83.84.annually= yearly ad.每年anomaly= irregularity n.异常的人或物41.42.=advocateadjacent =nearby a.n.追随者，提倡者毗连的85.86.antagonist =competitor n.对手;敌手anticipate= expect v.预期43.44. adjust= modify v.调整;改变…以适应87.88.antiseptic =clean a.抗菌的antithesis= opposite n.对立面89.90.91.92.93.94.95. antler =horn n.鹿角anxiety =worry n.忧虑;担心apart from =except for phr.除了…之外apparatus= equipment n.仪器;设备apparent =obvious a.显然的apparently= clearly ad.显然地133. astute= clever a.敏锐的134. at random= without a definite pattern phr.随便地;任意地135. attachmentto= preferencefor n. 依恋136. attain =achieve v.达到;获得137. attainment=achievement n.达到;获得138. attendant=accompanying a.伴随的96. apparently=seemingly adv.显然地；似乎139. attest to =confirm v.证实bustling=busy adj.忙乱的97. appeal= attraction n.吸引力98. appealing =attractivea.有吸引力的99. appear= seem v.似乎100. appearance= arrival n. 出现101. = rise n.出现102. = showing up n.出现103. application= use n.应用104. appreciable= noticeable a.相当可观的105. approach =method n.方法106. = move toward v.接近107. approximately=roughly ad.大约地108. architecture= structure n.构造109. archive= record v.存档110. = stock v.存档111. = store v.存档112. arduous= difficult a. 艰巨的113. arid =dry a.干旱的140. attribute =characteristic n.特点141. attribute to =credit with v.归于;认为142. = accredit v.归于;认为143. attribution =character n.属性144. augment= increase v.增加;提高145. available =obtainable a.可获得的146. avenue =means n.途径;手段147. = method n.途径;手段148. avid= enthusiastic a.热衷的149. barely = just ad.仅仅150. barge= boat n.驳船151. barrier =impediment n.障碍152. = obstacle n.障碍153. = struggle n.搏斗;奋斗154. be accustomed to= get used to phrv.习惯155. be aware of =familiar with phrv.了解156. be beforehand= foreordain v.预先157. be closer resemblance to= be more like phr.非常相114. =dry adj. 干旱的似115. arise= emerge v.出现116. arrangement= configuration n.安排;布置117. array=range n.一系列158. be consistent with= be compatible with phr.一致的159. be entitled to= have the right phrv.有…权利160. be inclined =tend v.倾向118. article= item n.物品161. be susceptible to=be subject to 受…影响的119. = object n.物品120. as a rule =in general phr.通常121. assert= declare v.断言;宣称122. assertion= strong statement n.断言;主张123. asset= advantage n.资产;有利条件124. assimilate= combine v.同化125. assistance= help n.帮助；协助126. assorted= various a.各式各样的127. assume= believe v.假定;设想128. = suppose v.假定;设想129. = take on v.承担130. assumption= premise n. 假设131. astonishing= amazing a.惊人的132. astoundingly=incredibly adv. 使人震惊的162. beckon= invite v.招唤;引诱163. become extinct= die out phrv.灭绝164. being= creature n.生命165. beneficial =advantageous a.有益的166. blossom= flourish v.兴旺167. = thrive v.兴旺168. boast= exaggerate v.吹嘘169. = puff v.吹嘘170. bombard =assault v.炮击;轰击171. =strike v.炮击;轰击172. = assail v.炮击;轰击173. boom= expansion n.激增;爆涨174. boon= great benefit n. 利益175. boost= raise v.增加;提高176. boundary= periphery n.边界177. branch =division n.分支221. circumstance=condition n.环境;情况222. =situation n. 情况178. breakthrough=revolution n.突破，革命223. cite =refer to v.引用179. breed= reproduce v.繁殖;饲养180. brew=develop vt. 开发181. brilliant= bright a.光辉的;明亮的182. brittle= breakable a.脆弱的183. = fragile a. 脆弱的184. broad appeal =wide popularity a.广泛的吸引力185. broadly =generally ad.大体上224. = quote v.引用225. classic =typical a.典型的226. clear =visible a.容易看见的227. = apparent a.显然的228. cling to= attach to v.附着229. close= careful a.严密的;周密的230. clue= hint n.线索186. = extensively ad.大体上187. bulk =major part n.主体231. clung to=hold232. cluster=groupv. 坚持n. 组，群188. = great quantity n.大部份189. = large part n.大部份190. = large portion n.大部份191. = majority n.大部份192. burgeon= expand v.急速成长193. bustling= lively a.活跃的194. by and large=for the most part总的来说195. camouflage =hide v.伪装196. = blend with circumstances v.伪装233. coating= cover n.覆盖层234. coincide with= be as the same time as v.同时发生235. =accord with符合；与...相一致236. coincidence=likely events相同，符合237. collaborate=cooperate v.合作238. collaboration=joint effect n.合作成果239. collect =gather v.收集240. collide with =run into v.碰撞241. collide= hit each other v.碰撞197. = decorate(装饰) v. 伪装242. colossal=enormous adj. 巨大的198. = disguise v.伪装243. commemorate=celebrate v.庆祝;纪念199. cardinal= fundamental a.基本的244. commonly=generally/normally adv.通常地200. cargo= shipment n.船货;货物245. compact =concise a.紧密的;简明的201. catastrophic=badly harmful 202. celebrated= famous a.着名的灾难性的246. compact= compressed(结实的) a.紧密的;简明的247. comparable= equivalent a.可比较的203. central= essential a.主要的248. comparative= relative a.相当的204. certain= specified a.指定的205. champion=promote vt. 提升，提拔249. compel =push v. 强迫250. compelling= convincing a.令人信服的206. chancy =risky a.冒险的251. =forcing adj. 强烈的，引人入胜的207. channel =direct v.引导208. =guide v.引导209. =provide v.提供帮助210. chaotic= disorganized a.混乱的211. cherish =value v. 珍爱212. chief= major a. 主要的213. chisel =carve v.刻;凿214. choose= opt v.选择215. chronic =confirmed a.长期的;不断的216. =inveterate a.长期的;不断的217. = habitual a.长期的;不断的218. = persistent a.长期的;不断的219. chronically=constantly ad.长期地220. circuitous =indirect a.迂迴的252. compensate for =balance phrv.赔偿;补偿253. = reimburse v.赔偿;补偿254. complaint =protest v.抗议255. complement= add to v.补充256. = supplement n.补充物257. completely= totally ad.完全地258. complex =system n.复合物;综合体259. = elaborate a.复杂的260. complicated =complex a. 复杂的261. =made things more difficult a.复杂的262. component= constituent a.组成的263. composition= mixture n.合成物264. comprehensive=complete a.全部的265. comprehensive=understandable a.能理解的266. comprehensive=thorough 267. comprise =make up v.组成268. = form v.组成adj. 全面的，彻底的311. constraint=restriction n.限制312. consume= eat up v.消耗;吃;喝吃;喝313. =use completely耗尽269. compulsory=required adj. 必须的314. consumed= used up v.消耗270. consensus=agreement n . 一致315. contains=includes v. 包含271. concern= interest v.感兴趣316. contemplate=consider v.沉思272. conclusive= final a.最后的317. contemporary=modern adj. 现代的273. = ultimate a.最后的274. conducive= contributive a.有助于...的275. configuration= arrangement n.布局;结构276. = form n.佈局;结构318. contentious=disputed a.好争吵的319. contiguous=neighboring adj. 临近的320. continual= constant a.不间断的;连续的321. continuous =uninterrupted a.连续的;持续的277. confine =limit/boundary v.限制322. =ongoing adj. 不断前进的278. confined=limited Adj .有限的323. contour=outline vt. 画轮廓279. =restricted v.限制280. confront= face v.面临281. congeal= solidify v.使凝结324. contrive= create v.发明325. = invent v.发明326. conventional=customary a.习惯的;惯例的282. congregate=gather vt. Vi （使）集合，聚集327. l=traditional a.习惯的;惯例的283. consecutive= successive a.连续的284. consequence =importance n.结果;重要性285. = result n.结果;重要性286. consequent =resulting a.作为结果的287. = later a. 随后的288. = resultant a.作为结果的289. consequential= significant a.重要的290. consequently= therefore ad.因此328. converging=concentrating a.收缩的;会聚的329. convert =transform v.使转变330. convert into= change to v.转变成331. convict =doom(判决) v.宣判332. =sentence v.宣判333. = condemn v. 宣判334. conviction =strong belief n.坚定的信念335. = belief n.相信;信念291. = thus ad.因此336. convince=persuade vt. 劝说，说服292. =as a result 结果，因此337. cope with= deal with phrv.应付;处理293. conserve= save v.保存294. consider =think about v.考虑;认为295. =think as v.考虑;认为296. =view as v.考虑;认为297. considerable= substantial/significant a.相当大的298. considerably=greatly adv. 相当大地299. consist of =compose of v.由…组成300. consistent= regular a. 一致的301. consistently=regularly ad.一致地302. conspicuous= notable a.明显的303. constant =stable a.固定的;不变的304. constantly =always ad.经常;不断地305. constellation =collection n.一系列;一群306. =combination n.一系列;一群307. constitute=makeup vt.组成，构成；建立338. = handle phrv.应付;处理339. copious= plentiful a.丰富的;大量的340. core =center n.核心;要点341. correlate=match v. 相关，关联342. correspondence=harmony n.一致343. corroborate=confirm v.证实;确证344. costly= expensive a.贵重的;昂贵的345. counsel =advise v .忠告346. counter of= in the opposite of a.相反的347. counter= oppose v.反对348. counterpart= equivalent(同等物) n.复本;副本349. = similitude(类似物) n.复本;副本350. = version(版本) n. 复本;副本351. countervail =compensate v.抵销;对抗352. = oppose v.抵销;对抗308. constitution= component n. 构造353. countless= innumerable a.数量很多的309. constrain =restrict v.限制310. constraint= limit n.限制354. couple =associate v.与…联系起来355. couple with=together with把…连同在一起356. covered= included a.隐蔽的;有盖的357. crawl =move v. 爬行;移动358. create= invent v.创作;产生401. desiccated=dry adj.干的402. design =create v.设计403. designate= identify v.命名;指定359. = inventive a.创造的404. despite= even though 尽管360. crest= peak n.顶峰361. critical =crucial a.关键的362. = essential a.关键的363. criticize =debate(争论;辩论) v. 批评;责备364. crucial= important a.重要的365. crucially= decisively ad.关键地366. crushed =ground a.碾碎了的367. culminate in=peak达到顶点；以…告终368. cumbersome awkward a.笨重的;麻烦的369. = clumsy a.笨重的;麻烦的370. = unwieldy a.笨重的;麻烦的371. curb= control v.控制;遏止372. current =present a.现在的405. detected=identified vt. 认出，识别406. determine=figure out vt.决定；判决407. detractor= critic(批评者) n.诽谤者;恶意批评者408. detrimental =harmful a.有害的;不利的409. deviate= digress v.偏离410. deviation= departure n.背离411. devise= create v. 设计;发明412. devoid of= lack of a.缺乏的413. = scant of a.缺乏的414. = without(prep.) a.缺乏的415. devoted =dedicated a.虔诚的;专心致志的416. devoted to =concentrated on a.虔诚的;专心致志的417. devour = eat vt.吞食373. cushioned=protect 保护418. dictate= determine v.口授;命令374. dam= block v.筑坝;控制375. dangle= hang v.悬摆;吊376. daring =bold a.大胆的377. debate= argue v.辩论;争论378. decimate= destroy v.大量毁灭379. decimation= destruction n.大量毁灭419. = order v.命令420. differential=uneven a.差别的;独特的421. diffuse =travel v. 扩散;散布422. = spread(out) v.扩散;散布423. dilemma=problem n.困境；进退两难424. diligent= careful a.勤奋的380. deficient=inadequate adj, 不足的425. diligently= carefully ad.勤奋地381. degree =extent n.程度382. = measure n. 程度426. dilute= reduce v.稀释;使薄弱427. dim= decrease v.变暗淡383. delicate= dainty a.易碎的;精美的428. =weak adj. 暗淡的，弱的384. delight= please v.使高兴385. = pleasure n.高兴;愉快386. deluxe= lavish a.奢华的387. demand= need n. 需要;需求388. demise =extinction n.死亡389. demography= population n.人口统计390. dense= crowded a.稠密的;密集的391. = thick a.稠密的;密集的392. depend= rely on v.依赖;依靠依靠393. dependable= reliable a.可信赖的394. depict= describe v.描述429. dimension=aspect n. [数]维；尺寸；次元430. =size n. 尺寸431. disassemble =break up v.拆开432. = break apart v.拆开433. disband =dismiss v.解散;遣散434. discard= throw away v.摒弃;丢弃435. = throw up v.摒弃;丢弃436. discernible = noticeable a.可感知到，可注意到的437. = discriminating a.可辨别的438. = noticeable a.可辨别的439. discharge= release v.释放395. = portray v.描写;描绘440. discrete=separate adj. 分开的396. deplete=exhaust vt.耗尽，用尽397. depletion= drain n.消耗;用尽398. deposit =accumulate v.沉积399. = lay down v.放下;放置400. derive= arise v.源于;导出441. disentangle =disband v. 解开442. disgust= distaste v.厌恶443. disintegrate=fall apart v.分解;碎裂444. =break apart v.分解;碎裂445. =tear apart v.分解;碎裂446. dismantle =demolish v.拆开;拆除447. disorder= anarchy n.混乱448. dispensable= not necessary a.非必要的449. dispersal =distribution n.散布;驱散490. eccentric= erratic a.古怪的;反常的491. efface=eliminate v.消去492. elaborate=detailed a.精巧的;详尽的493. =dainty a.精巧的;详尽的450. dispersal=spread n. 传播，散布494. elapsed =passed a.过去的;经过的451. displace= move out of position v.迫使(人)离开495. element =weather condition n.（恶劣的）天气452. disposition= temperament n.性格;性情496. elevate=raise vt. 举起，提升453. =argument n.争论;争执454. = contention n.争论;争执455. dissipate= disperse v.驱散456. dissipated =dispersed a.分散的457. dissuade =discourage v.劝阻497. eliminate= remove v.排除;消除498. elite=excellent person n.精英；精华499. elusive =difficult to catch a.难懂的;难捉摸的500. emanate= emerge v.散发;产生501. embark on=start v.从事(着手)458. distant=far adj. 遥远的502. embed =enclose v.插入;植入459. distinct= clear and recognizable a.清楚的;明确的460. distinction= difference n.差别461. = excellence n.优秀;卓越462. = honor n.荣誉463. distinctive= characteristic a.有特色的464. distinguish= notice from the difference v.区别;识别465. distribute= spread v.分配;散布466. distribution =geographic range n.分布区域467. = dispersion n.散布468. disturb= upset v.打乱；扰乱469. diverse= distinct a.不同的503. = implant v.插入;植入504. = insert v.插入;植入505. emergence= appearance n.出现506. emergency =crisis n.紧急情况507. emergent =developing a.新兴的508. employ= use v.利用509. enable =allow v.使能够510. enactment= establishment n.制定511. encapsulate= state briefly v.概述512. encounter=meet vt.遭遇，邂逅513. encourage= stimulate v.激励；刺激470. diverse=various adj.不同的514. end=purpose N . 目的471. diversification= emergence of many varieties n.多样化515. endangered= not abundant a.濒临绝种的516. endeavor= enterprise n.努力472. diversity =variety n.多样性517. endorse=support n. 认可，支持473. divest =deprive v.剥夺474. =get rid of v.剥夺518. endow= bestow v.捐赠519. enduring=withstanding adj. 耐心的，持久的475. doctrine=principle n. 原则520. engulf= swallow v.吞没476. domestic= home a.家庭的;国内的477. dormant= hibernated a.休眠的;不活动的521. engulfed=swallow522. enhance= improve v.vt. 吞咽提高;增强478. = inactive a.休眠的;不活动的479. dramatically=greatly ad.戏剧性地480. drastic= extreme a.激烈的;极端的481. drastically =obviously ad.大大地;彻底地523. = intensify v.提高;增强524. enjoy =experience v.经历525. enlist= obtain v.谋取（支持、赞助等）526. enormous= great a.巨大的482. =severely(严重地) ad.大大地;彻底地527. =very large adj.庞大的，巨大的483. dual =double a.双的;双重的484. duplicate= copy v.复制485. = repeat n.复本486. durable= lasting a.经久的;持久的487. earn= acquire v.赚得;赢得488. ease= facilitate(使容易) v.使减轻;使缓和489. eccentric =strange a.古怪的;反常的528. enrich= enhance v.使富足529. ensue= result v.因…产生530. ensuing= subsequent a.接着发生的531. ensure= guarantee v.保证;担保532. entail=l involve v.牵涉533. enthusiastic= eager a.热情的534. entirely=wholly adv.完全地，彻底地535. environment=setting n.环境536. envision=imagine vt.想象537. ephemeral =short-lived a. 短暂的538. =transient a.短暂的539. episode= event n.事件540. equilibrium= balance n.平衡541. era =period n.时代;年代542. eradicate=remove completely v.根除;消灭543. erect =build v.建立544. erratic= irregular a.不稳定的;古怪的545. = unpredictable a.不稳定的;古怪的546. escalate= extend v.逐步扩大547. essential= crucial a.极重要的580. exclusively=solely adv.唯一地581. excrete=expel v.排泄;分泌582. exercise=use v.运用583. exert=utilize vt.运用，发挥584. exhausted= tired a.精疲力竭的585. = used up a.耗尽的;用完的586. exhibit =demonstrate v.展示;陈列587. =display v.展示;陈列588. expand =increase v.展开;增长589. = stretch v.展开;增长590. expanse= area n.一大片区域591. expansive= large a.广阔的592. expediency= advantage(优势;利益) n.方便；利己548. l=required adj. 必须的593. = convenience n.方便;利己549. essentially= fundamentally adv.本质上，根本594. expedient= fitting a.权宜的;方便的550. established =qualified a.已制定的551. establishment =formation(构成) n.建立;创立552. estimate= projection n.估计553. estimation =evaluation n.估计554. euphoric= extremely happy a.心情愉快的555. evaluate= judge v.评价556. eventual= later a.最后的595. expend= use v.耗尽596. explicit =obvious a.明确的;清楚的597. explicitly= clear ad. 明确地598. exploit= make use of v.利用599. = take advantage of v.利用600. = utilize v.利用601. explore= investigate v.探测;探索557. =final adj. 最终的602. expose to= subject to (遭受) v.使经历558. eventually= finally adv. 最后，终于603. express= communicate v.表达559. = later ad.最后560. = ultimately ad.最后561. =in the end adv.最后，终于562. evidence= proof n.证据563. evident =obvious a.明显的564. = apparent a.明显的604. extant =remaining a.现存的;尚存的605. = existing a.现存的;尚存的606. = not extinct a.现存的;尚存的607. extend= reach v.延伸608. = stretch v.延伸609. extensive=broad adj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的565. evoke =create in the mind v.唤起;引起610. =large adj.广泛的，大量的566. = arouse v.唤起;引起567. = draw v.唤起;引起568. = promote v.唤起;引起569. = stimulate v.唤起;引起570. =produce v.唤起;引起571. evolve=develop vt.发展，进化572. exaggerate=overstate v.夸张;夸大611. extol =praise v.赞美612. extraneous=from outside a.无关的;外来的613. =inessential a.无关的;外来的614. extraordinary=exceptional a.异常的615. exude= give off v.渗出;发散616. = release v.渗出;发散617. fabricate=produce v.制造573. excavate=dig out v.挖掘618. facet=aspect n. 方面574. excavation=dug-out n.挖掘575. exceed =beyond above v.超越;胜过576. = surpass v.超越;胜过577. exceedingly =extremely ad.极其;非常578. excess =go beyond n.超越;胜过579. exclusively= only ad.专门地;独占地619. far-reaching= broad a.深远的;广泛的620. = extensive a.深远的;广泛的621. fascinating= extremely attractive a.迷人的622. fashion= make v.形成;造623. = way n.样子;方式624. fashionable =popular a.流行的;时尚的625. feasible= achievable a.可实行的626. = practical a.可实行的670. furthermore=moreover adv.此外；而且671. gap= opening n.缺口;裂口627. =probable adj.可能的672. gear =adjust v.使适合628. feast= eating n.盛宴629. ferry= transport n.渡轮630. fertile= productive a.肥沃的;多产的673. generate=produce v.产生674. genuine=true adj.真实的，真正的；诚恳的675. genuinely =actually ad.真诚地631. = reproductive a.肥沃的;多产的676. gesture=movement n.姿势，动过632. figure out =map(详细规划) phr.计算出;解决633. finding= discovery n.发现634. first and foremost =above all phr.首先;首要地635. flake =fragment n.小薄片636. flattery= praise n.恭维637. flee= run away from v.逃走638. flexible= adaptable a.易适应的639. float =upward rise phr v.浮起640. = stay on the top v.漂浮641. flourish =prosper v.繁荣;兴旺642. = thrive v.繁荣;兴旺643. flourishing= prosperous a.繁荣的644. flow= movement n.流动645. fluctuate= change v.变动646. fluctuation= variation n.变动;起伏647. focus = point centre area n.焦点677. get accustomed to= become used to phrv.习惯678. give rise to= produce phrv.引起679. given =particular a.规定的;特定的680. govern= control v.统治;管理681. govern= regulate v.统治;管理682. grasp =understand v.领会;理解683. groom =make up v.装扮;使整洁使整洁684. groom= clean v.装扮;使整洁685. groundless =unfounded a.无根据的686. grounds =reasons n.根据;理由687. groundwork= base n.基础688. groundwork= basis n.基础689. groundwork= foundation n.基础690. grudging= unenthusiastic a.勉强的691. guarantee= ensure v.保证;担保692. hairline=slight adj.细小的，纤细的648. =concentrate vt. 使集中693. hallmark= characteristic n.戳记，标志649. follow= track v.跟随650. for instance= for example phr.例如651. forage =search for food v.觅食652. = feed n.饲料653. foremost=important adj. 重要的654. formidable =excessive a.巨大的655. foster =promote the development of v.培养;促进656. = encourage v.鼓励657. = urge v. 培养;促进658. foul= pollute v.污染659. fragment= break up v.使成碎片660. fragmentation=break n.破裂661. fragmentize=break up v.使成碎片662. frankly =openly ad.坦白地663. = sincerely ad.真诚地664. friction= conflict n.争执;不合665. function= operation n.效用;作用666. = utility n.效用;作用667. fundamental =basic a.基础的668. funds= money n. 资金669. furthermore= in addition ad.此外694. hamper =district v.防碍;束缚695. hamper =make difficulty v.防碍;束缚696. hamper= restrict v.防碍;束缚697. handy= convenient a.便利的;灵活的698. haphazard=random a.随意的699. harness= use v.利用700. harness= utilize v.利用701. harsh= drastic a.严厉的;严酷的702. hasty= hurried a.匆匆的;急忙的703. haul= pull v.拉704. have nothing to do with= in no relation to phr v.不相干705. havoc= destruction n.浩劫706. hazard =danger n.危险707. heed= notice v.留心;注意708. heighten= increase v.增加;提高709. heir= inheritor n.继承人;后继者710. hence= therefore ad.因此711. heritage =legacy n.遗产;传统712. = tradition n.遗产;传统713. heterogeneous=varied a.由不同种类组成的714. hide= conceal v.隐藏715. hinder= interfere with v.妨碍716. hint= clue n.暗示;迹象717. = implication n.暗示;迹象718. = indication n.暗示;迹象719. = lead n.暗示;迹象720. hire= employ v.雇用759. improbable= unlikely a.不像会发生的760. in fact= actually phr.事实上761. in great demand =in popularity phr.普遍762. in respect to= in term of phr.就…而言763. inaccessible= unreachable a.难接近的764. inadvertently =without knowing ad.非故意地765. = unintentionally ad.非故意地721. hitherto=previously adv. 先前的766. inaugurate=introduce vt. 开创722. hobby= pastime n.嗜好723. hold =support v.支撑;保持767. inauspicious= unfavorable a.不吉利的768. incentive=motive n. 动机；刺激724. = keep up v.支撑;保持769. inception=beginning n. 起初725. hollow= an empty space n.中空726. homogeneous =uniform a.同种的727. host of =great number n.大量728. however =yet conj.然而729. hub= center n.中心730. huge= large a.巨大的731. hurdle =fence v.用篱笆围732. hypothetical =supposed a.假设的;假定的733. ice sheet= glacier(冰河) n. 冰原734. identical= the same a.同样的735. idiosyncrasies=peculiarity n. 特性736. ignite= set on fire v.点燃770. incidentally= by the way ad.顺便一提771. inclement =unfavorable a. (气候)严酷的772. inconceivable= unimaginable a.难以置信的773. inconclusive= without result(毫无结果) a.不确定的774. incorporate=include v.包含775. =merge v.吸收;併入776. incursion= invasion n.入侵777. indicate= demonstrate v.指示;指出778. indigenous =native a.本土的;土生土长的779. indispensable =essential a.不可缺少的780. = necessary a.不可缺少的781. = needed a.不可缺少的737. illuminate=bright adj. 明亮的782. = required a.不可缺少的738. illusion= impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像739. immediately= closest ad.接近;紧接着740. immense= great a.巨大的741. = huge a.巨大的742. = vast a.巨大的743. immensely= extremely ad.非常744. immigration= movement n.移居745. immobile= fixed a.固定的;静止的746. immobility= absence of motion n.固定;静止747. immoral= improper a.不道德的748. l= indecent a.不道德的749. impermeable =impervious a.不能渗透的750. = impenetrable a.不能渗透的751. impetus= incentive n.刺激;促进752. = stimulus v.刺激;促进753. implausible= unbelievable a.难以置信的754. implement= tool n.工具755. =carry out vt.实施，执行756. imply= indicate v.意味757. imposing= impressive a. 给人深刻印象的758. imprecise= inexact a.不精确的783. = significant(重要的) a.必不可少的784. = vital a.不可缺少的785. indistinct=not clear adj.模糊的，不清楚的786. induce =bring v.引起787. =cause v.引起788. inducement=incentive n.诱因，刺激物789. ineffectively=without any result ad.无效地790. inert= motionless a.迟缓的;惰性的791. = motiveless a.迟缓的;惰性的792. inevitable= unavoidable a.不可避免的793. inference=conclusion n.推断的结果794. infirm= weak a.不坚定的;衰弱的795. inflate= expand v.膨胀;扩大796. inflicting=bring about/ impose v. 使承受797. infrastructure=foundation n.基础建设798. ingenious= very clever a.心灵手巧的799. ingenuity= cleverness n.心灵手巧;独创性800. = creativeness n.心灵手巧;独创性801. = inventiveness n.心灵手巧;独创性802. = resourcefulness n.心灵手巧;独创性803. inherent= essential a.内在的;固有的804. inherent= in characteristic of a.与生俱来的805. = instinctive a.与生俱来的806. = internal a.内在的;固有的807. inherently =essentially ad.固有地808. inhibit =hinder v.约束;抑制809. inhospitable= adverse a.冷淡的;不适宜的810. = unfavorable a.冷淡的;不适宜的811. initial= first a.最初的812. initialing=beginning v.开始；创建813. initially =originally ad.最初;开头814. initiate =start v.开始;创始815. = begin v.开始;创始816. innovation =new n.革新;创新849. inviolable =allowing no attack a.不可违背的850. = without exception a.不可违背的851. invoke =appeal v.垦求,祈求852. irrecoverable=permanent a.不能挽回的853. irreparable=permanent a.不能挽回的854. isolated= separated a.孤立的;分离的855. jettison= release v.抛弃856. jolt= shock v.震动;震惊857. judge= estimate v.评判858. junction =connection n.连接;接合859. juncture =connection n.连接;接合860. justified= right a.正当的861. justify= prove v.证明...是正当的817. innovative= new a. 创新的862. keep tune to=maintain 保持818. inordinate= excessive a.过度的819. insight into=perceive洞察863. key= significant a.重要的;关键的864. lading= cargo n.货物820. install= put in place v.放置，安置865. = shipment n.货物821. instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间866. landscape= scenery n.风景;景色822. instantaneous=immediate a. 即刻的867. lap=delay n. 落后823. instigate= incite v.唆使;煽动824. instructive= informative v.富有教育意义的825. insufficient= inadequate a.不足的826. intact= untouched a.完好的827. =complete adj.完整的828. intangible =nonmaterial a.无形的829. = immaterial a.无形的830. integral=essential adj. 不可或缺的831. = essential a. 构成整体所需要的832. intense =strong a.强烈的833. intentionally= deliberately ad.有意地;故意地834. intercourse=exchange n .交流835. intermediate= in-between a./n.中间的;媒介836. intermingle=interact vt.使混合；使搀和837. intimate =close a.亲密的838. intricate =carefully shaped a.复杂的839. = complex a.复杂的840. intrigue= interest v.引发…兴趣841. intriguing= fascinating a. 迷人的842. intrinsic= essential a.本质的;内在的843. = inherent a.本质的;内在的844. intrusive= invasive a.侵入的845. invade= move into v.入侵;侵犯846. invaluable= highly useful a.极宝贵的847. invariably= always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地848. invent =devise v.发明868. large= extensive a.大的;大量的869. largely =mostly ad.大部分;主要地870. launch= initial v.发起;发动871. = initiate v.发起;发动872. = start v.发起;发动873. lax=careless adj.马马虎虎的；不严谨的874. legitimacy= authority n.合法性875. legitimately= properly ad.正当地;合法地876. leisure= free time n.闲暇877. leisurely= slowly a.悠闲的;从容不迫地878. lethal =deadly a.致命的879. = fateful a.致命的880. liberal =extensive a.宽大的881. liken= to compare v.比较882. likewise= similarly ad.同样地883. linger= stroll v.徘徊;漫步884. = wander v.徘徊;漫步885. link= connect v.连接886. = consist of v.连接;结合887. = put together v.连接;结合888. listening =advertent a.留神听的889. livelihood= means of support n.生活;生计890. locale= place n.现场;场所891. locate= find v.找出892. lucrative= profitable a.有利益的893. luxuriant= thriving a.茂盛的。

1. a matter of speculation supposition n. 推断2. a solicitation of an invitation of n. 垦求;垦请3. abandoned left a. 被遗弃的4. aberrant abnormal a. 脱离常轨的,5. abort quit v. 夭折;中止6. abruptly suddenly ad. 突然地;意外地7. absorb appeal v. 吸收;被…吸引8. absorb learn(学习) v. 吸收9. absorb take in v. 吸收;被…吸引 10. abstract not concrete a. 抽象的;非实际的 11. absurd ridiculous a. 荒谬的;可笑的 12. abundance large amount n. 大量 13. abundance great number n. 大量 14. abundant affluent a. 丰富的;大量的 15. abundant ample a. 丰富的;大量的 16. abundant numerous a. 丰富的;大量的 17. abundant plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的 18. abundant substantial a. 丰富的;大量的 19. abundantly plentifully ad. 丰富地;大量地 20. access reach v. 接近 21. accessible reachable a. 可接近的 22. accessible easy to reach a. 易接近的 23. accidental unexpected a. 意外的;偶然的 24. accommodate provide for v. 提供 25. accomplished achieved a. 实现完成的 26. accomplished skilled a. 熟练的 27. account description n. 说明 28. account for explain v. 说明 29. accumulate collect v. 积累;聚集 30. accumulate pile up v. 积累;聚集聚集 31. accurate correct a. 正确的 32. accurately correctly ad. 正确地 33. acknowledge recognize v. 承认 34. actually in fact ad. 事实上 35. added extra a. 附加的;额外的 36. adept skilled a. 熟练的 37. adherent supporter n. 拥护者 38. adjacent nearby a. 毗连的 39. adjacent neighboring a. 毗连的 40. adjust modify v. 调整;改变…以适应 41. administer manage v. 管理 42. admit let in v. 准许进入 43. adopt enact v. 采用 44. advance improvement n. 发展;增长 45. advent arrival n. 出现;到来 46. advent beginning n. 出现;到来 47. affair matter n. 事件;事情 48. afford provide v. 提供;给予49. aggravate increase v. 加重;增剧50. aggravate annoy v. 使恼火51. aggregate overall a. 聚集的;合计的52. aggregate combined a. 聚集的;合计的53. agile astute a. 灵活的;敏捷的54. agile clever a. 灵活的;敏捷的55. agile quick and active a. 灵活的;敏捷的56. agile move and act quickly a. 灵活的;敏捷的57. air feeling n. 气氛58. alarm sound v. 警报59. alarm warning n. 警告60. albeit although conj. 尽管；虽然61. albeit even though conj. 尽管；虽然62. allow enable v. 允许63. allude suggest v. 暗示64. allude to refer to phrv. 提到65. ally with link to v. 结盟66. alter change to v. 改变67. amazing remarkable/replacement a. 令人惊讶的、非68. ambiguous vague a. 不明确的69. ambivalent mixed a. 矛盾的70. ample plentiful a. 充足的;丰富的71. ample spacious a. 宽敞的72. anchor hold in place v. 使固定73. ancient old a. 古老的74. ancient antique a. 古老的75. annihilate destroy v. 消灭76. annihilate completely remove v. 消灭77. annually yearly ad. 每年78. anomaly irregularity n. 异常的人或物79. antagonist competitor n. 对手;敌手80. anticipate expect v. 预期81. antiseptic clean a. 抗菌的82. antithesis opposite n. 对立面83. antler horn n. 鹿角84. anxiety worry n. 忧虑;担心85. apart from exception phr. 除了…之外86. apart from except for phr. 除了…之外87. apparatus equipment n. 仪器;设备88. apparent obvious a. 显然的89. apparently clearly ad. 显然地90. appeal attraction n. 吸引力91. appealing attractive a. 有吸引力的92. appear seem v. 似乎93. appearance rise n. 出现94. appearance arrival n. 出现95. appearance showing up n. 出现 96. application use n. 应用 97. appreciable noticeable a. 相当可观的 98. approach method n. 方法 99. approach move toward v. 接近 100. approximately roughly ad. 大约地 101. architecture structure n. 构造 102. archive record v. 存档 103. archive stock v. 存档 104. archive store v. 存档 105. arduous difficult a. 艰巨的 106. arid dry a. 干旱的 107. arise emerge v. 出现 108. arrangement configuration n. 安排;布置 109. array range n. 一系列 110. article item n. 物品 111. article object n. 物品 112. as a rule in general phr. 通常 113. assert declare v. 断言;宣称 114. assertion strong statement n. 断言;主张 115. asset advantage n. 资产;有利条件 116. assimilate combine v. 同化 117. assistance help n. 帮助；协助 118. assorted various a. 各式各样的 119. assume believe v. 假定;设想 120. assume suppose v. 假定;设想 121. assume take on v. 承担 122. assumption premise n. 假设 123. astonishing amazing a. 惊人的 124. astute clever a. 敏锐的 125. at random without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地 126. attachment to preference for n. 依恋 127. attain achieve v. 达到;获得 128. attainment achievement n. 达到;获得 129. attendant accompanying a. 伴随的 130. attest to confirm v. 证实 131. attribute accredit v. 归于;认为 132. attribute characteristic n. 特点 133. attribute to credit with v. 归于; 认为 134. attribution character n. 属性 135. augment increase v. 增加;提高 136. available obtainable a. 可获得的 137. avenue method n. 途径;手段 138. avenue means n. 途径;手段 139. avid enthusiastic a. 热中的 140. barely just ad. 仅仅 141. barge boat n. 驳船 142. barrier obstacle n. 障碍143. barrier impediment n. 障碍144. battle struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗145. be inclined tend v. 倾向146. be accustomed to get used to phrv. 习惯147. be aware of familiar with phrv. 了解148. be beforehand foreordain v. 预先149. be closer resemblance to be more like phr. 非150. be consistent with be compatible with phr. 一151. be entitled to have the right phrv. 有…权利152. beckon invite v. 招唤;引诱153. become extinct die out phrv. 灭绝154. being creature n. 生命155. beneficial advantageous a. 有益的156. blossom flourish v. 兴旺157. blossom thrive v. 兴旺158. boast puff v. 吹嘘159. boast exaggerate v. 吹嘘160. bombard assail v. 炮击;轰击161. bombard assault v. 炮击;轰击162. bombard strike v. 炮击;轰击163. boom expansion n. 激增;爆涨164. boon great benefit n. 利益165. boost raise v. 增加;提高166. boundary periphery n. 边界167. branch division n. 分支168. breed reproduce v. 繁殖;饲养169. brilliant bright a. 光辉的;明亮的170. brittle breakable a. 脆弱的171. brittle fragile a. 脆弱的172. broad appeal wide popularity a. 广泛的吸引力173. broadly generally ad. 大体上174. broadly extensively ad. 大体上175. bulk majority n. 大部份176. bulk large part n. 大部份177. bulk major part n. 主体178. bulk large portion n. 大部份179. bulk great quantity n. 大部份180. burgeon expand v. 急速成长181. bustling lively a. 活跃的182. camouflage disguise v. 伪装183. camouflage hide v. 伪装184. camouflage decorate(装饰) v. 伪装185. camouflage blend with circumstances v. 伪装 186. cardinal fundamental a. 基本的187. cargo shipment n. 船货;货物188. celebrated famous a. 着名的189.central essential a. 主要的 190.certain specified a. 指定的 191.chancy risky a. 冒险的 192.channel provide v. 提供帮助 193.channel direct v. 引导 194.channel guide v. 引导 195.chaotic disorganized a. 混乱的 196.cherish value v. 珍爱 197.chief major a. 主要的 198.chisel carve v. 刻;凿 199.choose opt v. 选择 200.chronic persistent a. 长期的;不断的 201.chronic confirmed a. 长期的;不断的 202.chronic habitual a. 长期的;不断的 203.chronic inveterate a. 长期的;不断的 204.chronically constantly ad. 长期地 205.circuitous indirect a. 迂迴的 206.circumstance condition n. 环境;情况 207.cite quote v. 引用 208.cite refer to v. 引用 209.classic typical a. 典型的 210.clear visible a. 容易看见的 211.clear apparent a. 显然的 212.cling to attach to v. 附着 213.close careful a. 严密的;周密的 214.clue hint n. 线线索 215.coating cover n. 覆盖层 216.coincide with be as the same time as v. 同时发生 217.collaborate cooperate v. 合作 218.collaboration joint effect n. 合作成果 219.collect gather v. 收集 220.collide hit each other v. 碰撞 221.collide with run into v. 碰撞 222.commemorate celebrate v. 庆祝;纪念 223.compact concise a. 紧密的;简明的 224.compact compressed(结实的) a. 紧密的;简明的 225.comparable equivalent a. 可比较的 226.comparative relative a. 相当的 227.compel push v. 强迫 228.compelling convincing a. 令人信服的 229.compensate reimburse v. 赔偿;补偿 230.compensate for balance phrv. 赔偿;补偿 231.complaint protest v. 抗议 232.complement supplement n. 补充物 233.complement add to v. 补充 234.completely totally ad. 完全地 235. complex elaborate a. 复杂的 236. complex system n. 复合物;综合体 237. complicated complex a. 复杂的 238. complicated made things more difficult a. 复239. component constituent a. 组成的 240. composition mixture n. 合成物 241. comprehensive understandable a. 能理解的 242. comprehensive complete a. 全部的 243. comprise form v. 组成 244. comprise make up v. 组成 245. concern interest v. 感兴趣 246. conclusive final a. 最后的 247. conclusive ultimate a. 最后的 248. conducive contributive a. 有助于...的 249. configuration arrangement n. 布局;结构 250. configuration form n. 佈局;结构 251. confine limit/boundary v. 限制 252. confront face v. 面临 253. congeal solidify v. 使凝结 254. consecutive successive a. 连续的 255. consequence result n. 结果;重要性 256. consequence importance n. 结果;重要性 257. consequent later a. 随后的 258. consequent resultant a. 作为结果的 259. consequent resulting a. 作为结果的 260. consequential significant a. 重要的 261. consequently therefore ad. 因此 262. consequently thus ad. 因此 263. conserve save v. 保存 264. consider think as v. 考虑;认为 265. consider view as v. 考虑;认为 266. consider think about v. 考虑;认为认为 267. considerable substantial/significant a. 相当268. consist of compose of v. 由…组成 269. consistent regular a. 一致的 270. consistently regularly ad. 一致地 271. conspicuous notable a. 明显的 272. constant stable a. 固定的;不变的 273. constantly always ad. 经常;不断地 274. constellation collection n. 一系列;一群 275. constellation combination n. 一系列;一群 276. constitution component n. 构造 277. constrain restrict v. 限制 278. constraint limit n. 限制 279. constraint restriction n. 限制 280. consume eat up v. 消耗;吃;喝吃;喝 281. consumed used up v. 消耗 282. contemplate consider v. 沉思283.contentious disputed a. 好争吵的 284.continual constant a. 不间断的;连续的 285.continuous uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的 286.contrive create v. 发明 287.contrive invent v. 发明 288.conventional customary a. 习惯的;惯例的 289.conventional traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的 290.converging concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的 291.convert transform v. 使转变 292.convert into change to v. 转变成 293.convict condemn v. 宣判 294.convict sentence v. 宣判 295.convict doom(判决) v. 宣判 296.conviction belief n. 相信;信念 297.conviction strong belief n. 坚定的信念 298.cope with handle phrv. 应付;处理 299.cope with deal with phrv. 应付;处理 300.copious plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的 301.core center n. 核心;要点 302.correspondence harmony n. 一致 303.corroborate confirm v. 证实;确证 304.costly expensive a. 贵重的;昂贵的 305.counsel advise v. 忠告 306.countless innumerable a. 数量很多的 307.counter oppose v. 反对 308.counter of in the opposite of a. 相反的 309.counterpart version(版本) n. 复本;副本 310.counterpart similitude(类似物) n. 复本;副本 311.counterpart equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本 312.countervail compensate v. 抵销;对抗 313.countervail oppose v. 抵销;对抗 314.couple associate v. 与…联系起来 315.covered included a. 隐蔽的;有盖的 316.crawl move v. 爬行;移动 317.create invent v. 创作;产生 318.creative inventive a. 创造的 319.crest peak n. 顶峰 320.critical crucial a. 关键的 321.critical essential a. 关键的 322.criticize debate(争论;辩论) v. 批评;责备 323.crucial important a. 重要的 324.crucially decisively ad. 关键地 325.crushed ground a. 碾碎了的 326.cumbersome awkward a. 笨重的;麻烦的 327.cumbersome clumsy a. 笨重的;麻烦的 328.cumbersome unwieldy a. 笨重的;麻烦的 329. curb control v. 控制;遏止 330. current present a. 现在的 331. dam block v. 筑坝;控制 332. dangle hang v. 悬摆;吊 333. daring bold a. 大胆的 334. debate argue v. 辩论;争论 335. decimate destroy v. 大量毁灭 336. decimation destruction n. 大量毁灭 337. degree extent n. 程度 338. degree measure n. 程度 339. delicate dainty a. 易碎的;精美的 340. delight please v. 使高兴 341. delight pleasure n. 高兴;愉快 342. deluxe lavish a. 奢华的 343. demand need n. 需要;需求 344. demise extinction n. 死亡 345. demography population n. 人口统计 346. dense crowded a. 稠密的;密集的 347. dense thick a. 稠密的;密集的 348. depend rely on v. 依赖;依靠依靠 349. dependable reliable a. 可信赖的 350. depict describe v. 描述 351. depict portray v. 描写;描绘 352. depletion drain n. 消耗;用尽 353. deposit accumulate v. 沉积 354. deposit lay down v. 放下;放置 355. derive arise v. 源于;导出 356. design create v. 设计 357. designate identify v. 命名;指定 358. detractor critic(批评者) n. 诽谤者;恶意批评者359. detrimental harmful a. 有害的;不利的 360. deviate digress v. 偏离 361. deviation departure n. 背离 362. devise create v. 设计;发明 363. devoid of lack of a. 缺乏的 364. devoid of without(prep.) a. 缺乏的 365. devoid of scant of a. 缺乏的 366. devoted dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心致志的 367. devoted to concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志368. discernible noticeable a. 可感369. dictate determine v. 口授;命令 370. dictate order v. 命令 371. differential uneven a. 差别的;独特的 372. diffuse travel v. 扩散;散布 373. diffuse spread(out) v. 扩散;散布 374. diligent careful a. 勤奋的 375. diligently carefully ad. 勤奋地 376. dilute reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱377.dim decrease v. 变暗淡 378.disassemble break apart v. 拆开 379.disassemble break up v. 拆开 380.disband dismiss v. 解散;遣散 381.discard throw away v. 摒弃;丢弃 382.discard throw up v. 摒弃;丢弃丢弃 383.discernible noticeable a. 可辨别的 384.discernible discriminating a. 可辨别的 385.discharge release v. 释放 386.disentangle disband v. 解开 387.disgust distaste v. 厌恶 388.disintegrate break apart v. 分解;碎裂 389.disintegrate fall apart v. 分解;碎裂 390.disintegrate tear apart v. 分解;碎裂 391.dismantle demolish v. 拆开;拆除 392.disorder anarchy n. 混乱 393.dispensable not necessary a. 非必要的 394.dispersal distribution n. 散布;驱散 395.displace move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开 396.disposition temperament n. 性格;性情 397.dispute contention n. 争论;争执 398.dispute argument n. 争论;争执 399.dissipate disperse v. 驱散 400.dissipated dispersed a. 分散的 401.dissuade discourage v. 劝阻 402.distinct clear and recognizable a. 清楚的;明确的 403.distinction difference n. 差别 404.distinction honor n. 荣誉 405.distinction excellence n. 优秀;卓越 406.distinctive characteristic a. 有特色的 407.distinguish notice from the difference v. 区别; 识别 408.distribute spread v. 分配;散布 409.distribution dispersion n. 散布 410.distribution geographic range n. 分布区域 411.disturb upset v. 打乱；扰乱 412.diverse distinct a. 不同的 413.diversification emergence of many varieties n. 多样化 414.diversity variety n. 多样性 415.divest deprive v. 剥夺 416.divest get rid of v. 剥夺 417.domestic home a. 家庭的;国内的 418.dormant hibernated a. 休眠的;不活动的 419.dormant inactive a. 休眠的;不活动的 420.dramatically greatly ad. 戏剧性地 421.drastic extreme a. 激烈的;极端的 422.drastically obviously ad. 大大地;彻底地 423. drastically severely(严重地) ad. 大大地;彻底地 424. dual double a. 双的;双重的 425. duplicate copy v. 复制 426. duplicate repeat n. 复本 427. durable lasting a. 经久的;持久的 428. earn acquire v. 赚得;赢得 429. ease facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻;使缓和 430. eccentric erratic a. 古怪的;反常的 431. eccentric strange a. 古怪的;反常的 432. efface eliminate v. 消去 433. elaborate detailed a. 精巧的;详尽的 434. elaborate dainty a. 精巧的;详尽的 435. elapsed passed a. 过去的;经过的 436. element weather condition n. （恶劣的）天气 437. eliminate remove v. 排除;消除 438. elusive difficult to catch a. 难懂的;难捉摸的439. emanate emerge v. 散发;产生 440. embark on start v. 从事(着手) 441. embed insert v. 插入;植入 442. embed implant v. 插入;植入 443. embed enclose v. 插入;植入 444. emergence appearance n. 出现 445. emergency crisis n. 紧急情况 446. emergent developing a. 新兴的 447. employ use v. 利用 448. enable allow v. 使能够 449. enactment establishment n. 制定 450. encapsulate state briefly v. 概述 451. encourage stimulate v. 激励；刺激 452. endangered not abundant a. 濒临绝种的 453. endeavor enterprise n. 努力 454. endow bestow v. 捐赠 455. engulf swallow v. 吞没 456. enhance improve v. 提高;增强 457. enhance intensify v. 提高;增强 458. enjoy experience v. 经历 459. enlist obtain v. 谋取（支持、赞助等） 460. enormous great a. 巨大的 461. enrich enhance v. 使富足 462. ensue result v. 因…产生 463. ensuing subsequent a. 接着发生的 464. ensure guarantee v. 保证;担保 465. entail involve v. 牵涉 466. enthusiastic eager a. 热情的 467. environment setting n. 环境 468. ephemeral short-lived a. 短暂的 469. ephemeral transient a. 短暂的 470. episode event n. 事件471. equilibrium balance n. 平衡 472. era period n. 时代;年代 473. eradicate remove completely v. 根除;消灭 474. erect build v. 建立 475. erratic unpredictable a. 不稳定的;古怪的 476. erratic irregular a. 不稳定的;古怪的 477. escalate extend v. 逐步扩大 478. essential crucial a. 极重要的 479. established qualified a. 已制定的 480. establishment formation(构成) n. 建立;创立 481. estimate projection n. 估计 482. estimation evaluation n. 估计 483. euphoric extremely happy a. 心情愉快的 484. evaluate judge v. 评价 485. eventual later a. 最后的 486. eventually later ad. 最后 487. eventually ultimately ad. 最后 488. evidence proof n. 证据 489. evident apparent a. 明显的 490. evident obvious a. 明显的 491. evoke arouse v. 唤起;引起 492. evoke draw v. 唤起;引起 493. evoke produce v. 唤起;引起 494. evoke promote v. 唤起;引起 495. evoke stimulate v. 唤起;引起 496. evoke create in the mind v. 唤起; 引起 497. exaggerate overstate v. 夸张;夸大 498. excavate dig out v. 挖掘 499. excavation dug-out n. 挖掘 500. exceed surpass v. 超越;胜过 501. exceed beyond above v. 超越;胜过胜过 502. exceedingly extremely ad. 极其;非常 503. excess go beyond n. 超越; 胜过 504. exclusively only ad. 专门地;独占地 505. excrete expel v. 排泄;分泌 506. exercise use v. 运用 507. exhausted tired a. 精疲力竭的 508. exhausted used up a. 耗尽的;用完的 509. exhibit demonstrate v. 展示;陈列 510. exhibit display v. 展示;陈列 511. expand stretch v. 展开;增长 512. expand increase v. 展开;增长 513. expanse area n. 一大片区域 514. expansive large a. 广阔的 515. expediency convenience n. 方便;利己 516. expediency advantage(优势;利益) n. 方便；利己 517. expedient fitting a. 权宜的;方便的 518.expend use v. 耗尽 519.explicit obvious a. 明确的;清楚的 520.explicitly clear ad. 明确地 521.exploit utilize v. 利用 522.exploit take advantage of v. 利用 523.exploit make use of v. 利用 524.explore investigate v. 探测;探索 525.expose to subject to (遭受) v. 使经历 526.express communicate v. 表达 527.extant existing a. 现存的;尚存的 528.extant remaining a. 现存的;尚存的 529.extant not extinct a. 现存的;尚存的 530.extend stretch v. 延伸 531.extend reach v. 延伸 532.extol praise v. 赞美 533.extraneous inessential a. 无关的;外来的 534.extraneous from outside a. 无关的;外来的 535.extraordinary exceptional a. 异常的 536.exude release v. 渗出;发散 537.exude give off v. 渗出;发散 538.fabricate produce v. 制造 539.far-reaching extensive a. 深远的;广泛的 540.far-reaching broad a. 深远的;广泛的 541.fascinating extremely attractive a. 迷人的 542.fashion make v. 形成;造 543.fashion way n. 样子;方式 544.fashionable popular a. 流行的;时尚的 545.feasible achievable a. 可实行的 546.feasible practical a. 可实行的 547.feast eating n. 盛宴 548.ferry transport n. 渡轮 549.fertile reproductive a. 肥沃的;多产的 550.fertile productive a. 肥沃的;多产的 551.figure out map(详细规划) phr. 计算出;解决 552.finding discovery n. 发现 553.first and foremost above all phr. 首先;首要地554.flake fragment n. 小薄片 555.flattery praise n. 恭维 556.flee run away from v. 逃走 557.flexible adaptable a. 易适应的 558.float stay on the top v. 漂浮 559.float upward rise phrv. 浮起 560.flourish prosper v. 繁荣;兴旺 561.flourish thrive v. 繁荣;兴旺 562.flourishing prosperous a. 繁荣的 563.flow movement n. 流动 564.fluctuate change v. 变动565.fluctuation variation n. 变动;起伏 566.focal point centre area n. 焦点 567.follow track v. 跟随 568.for instance for example phr. 例如 569.forage feed n. 饲料 570. forage search for food v. 觅食 571. formidable excessive a. 巨大的 572. foster encourage v. 鼓励 573. foster urge v. 培养;促进 574. foster promote the development of v. 培养;促进575. foul pollute v. 污染 576. fragment break up v. 使成碎片 577. fragmentation break n. 破裂 578. fragmentize break up v. 使成碎片 579. frankly openly ad. 坦白地 580. frankly sincerely ad. 真诚地 581. friction conflict n. 争执;不合 582. function operation n. 效用;作用 583. function utility n. 效用;作用 584. fundamental basic a. 基础的 585. funds money n. 资金 586. furthermore in addition ad. 此外 587. gap opening n. 缺口;裂口 588. gear adjust v. 使适合 589. generate produce v. 产生 590. genuinely actually ad. 真诚地 591. get accustomed to become used to phrv. 习惯 592. give rise to produce phrv. 引起 593. given particular a. 规定的;特定的 594. govern regulate v. 统治;管理 595. govern control v. 统治;管理 596. grasp understand v. 领会;理解 597. groom clean v. 装扮;使整洁 598. groom make up v. 装扮;使整洁使整洁 599. groundless unfounded a. 无根据的 600. grounds reasons n. 根据;理由 601. groundwork base n. 基础 602. groundwork basis n. 基础 603. groundwork foundation n. 基础 604. grudging unenthusiastic a. 勉强的 605. guarantee ensure v. 保证;担保 606. hallmark characteristic n. 戳记，标志 607. hamper district v. 防碍;束缚 608. hamper restrict v. 防碍;束缚 609. hamper make difficulty v. 防碍;束缚 610. handy convenient a. 便利的;灵活的 611. haphazard random a. 随意的 612. harness use v. 利用 613. harness utilize v. 利用 614. harsh drastic a. 严厉的;严酷的 615. hasty hurried a. 匆匆的;急忙的 616. haul pull v. 拉 617. have nothing to do with in no relation to ph 618.havoc destruction n. 浩劫 619.hazard danger n. 危险 620.heed notice v. 留心;注意 621. heighten increase v. 增加;提高 622.heir inheritor n. 继承人;后继者 623.hence therefore ad. 因此 624.heritage legacy n. 遗产;传统 625.heritage tradition n. 遗产;传统 626.heterogeneous varied a. 由不同种类组成的 627.hide conceal v. 隐藏 628.hinder interfere with v. 妨碍 629.hint clue n. 暗示;迹象 630.hint implication n. 暗示;迹象 631.hint indication n. 暗示;迹象 632.hint lead n. 暗示;迹象 633.hire employ v. 雇用 634.hobby pastime n. 嗜好 635.hold support v. 支撑;保持 636.hold keep up v. 支撑;保持保持 637.hollow an empty space n. 中空 638.homogeneous uniform a. 同种的 639.host of great number n. 大量 640.however yet conj. 然而 641.hub center n. 中心 642.huge large a. 巨大的 643.hurdle fence v. 用篱笆围 644.hypothetical supposed a. 假设的;假定的 645.ice sheet glacier(冰河) n. 冰原 646.identical the same a. 同样的 647.idiosyncrasies peculiarity n. 特性 648.ignite set on fire v. 点燃 649.illusion impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像 650.immediately closest ad. 接近;紧接着 651.immense great a. 巨大的 652.immense huge a. 巨大的 653.immense vast a. 巨大的 654.immensely extremely ad. 非常 655.immigration movement n. 移居 656.immobile fixed a. 固定的;静止的 657.immobility absence of motion n. 固定;静止658.immoral indecent a. 不道德的659.immoral improper a. 不道德的 660.impermeable impenetrable a. 不能渗透的 661.impermeable impervious a. 不能渗透的 662.impetus stimulus v. 刺激;促进 663.impetus incentive n. 刺激;促进 664.implausible unbelievable a. 难以置信的 665.implement tool n. 工具 666.imply indicate v. 意味 667.imposing impressive a. 给人深刻印象的 668.imprecise inexact a. 不精确的 669.improbable unlikely a. 不像会发生的 670.in fact actually phr. 事实上 671.in great demand in popularity phr. 普遍 672.in respect to in term of phr. 就…而言 673.inaccessible unreachable a. 难接近的 674.inadvertently unintentionally ad. 非故意地 675.inadvertently without knowing ad. 非故意地 676.inauspicious unfavorable a. 不吉利的 677.incidentally by the way ad. 顺便一提 678.inclement unfavorable a. (气候)严酷的 679.inconceivable unimaginable a. 难以置信的 680.inconclusive without result(毫无结果) a. 不确定的 681.incorporate include v. 包含 682.incorporate merge v. 吸收;併入 683.incursion invasion n. 入侵 684.indicate demonstrate v. 指示;指出 685.indigenous native a. 本土的;土生土长的 686.indispensable essential a. 不可缺少的 687.indispensable necessary a. 不可缺少的 688.indispensable needed a. 不可缺少的 689.indispensable required a. 不可缺少的 690.indispensable vital a. 不可缺少的 691.indispensable significant(重要的) a. 必不可少的 692.induce bring v. 引起 693.induce cause v. 引起 694.ineffectively without any result ad. 无效地 695.inert motionless a. 迟缓的;惰性的 696.inert motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的 697.inevitable unavoidable a. 不可避免的 698.inference conclusion n. 推断的结果 699.infirm weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的 700.inflate expand v. 膨胀;扩大 701.infrastructure foundation n. 基础建设 702.ingenious very clever a. 心灵手巧的 703.ingenuity cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性 704.ingenuity creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性 705. ingenuity inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性 706. ingenuity resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性707. inherent essential a. 内在的;固有的 708. inherent internal a. 内在的;固有的 709. inherent instinctive a. 与生俱来的 710. inherent in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的 711. inherently essentially ad. 固有地 712. inhibit hinder v. 约束;抑制 713. inhospitable unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的 714. inhospitable adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的 715. initial first a. 最初的 716. initially originally ad. 最初;开头 717. initiate begin v. 开始;创始 718. initiate start v. 开始;创始 719. innovation new n. 革新;创新 720. innovative new a. 创新的 721. inordinate excessive a. 过度的 722. install put in place v. 放置，安置 723. Instant moment n. 片刻;瞬间 724. instantaneous immediate a. 即刻的 725. instigate incite v. 唆使;煽动 726. instructive informative v. 富有教育意义的 727. insufficient inadequate a. 不足的 728. intact untouched a. 完好的 729. intangible nonmaterial a. 无形的 730. intangible immaterial a. 无形的 731. integral essential a. 构成整体所需要的 732. intense strong a. 强烈的 733. intentionally deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地734. intermediate in-between a./n. 中间的;媒介 735. intimate close a. 亲密的 736. intricate complex a. 复杂的 737. intricate carefully shaped a. 复杂的 738. intrigue interest v. 引发…兴趣 739. intriguing fascinating a. 迷人的 740. intrinsic essential a. 本质的;内在的 741. intrinsic inherent a. 本质的;内在的 742. intrusive invasive a. 侵入的 743. invade move into v. 入侵;侵犯 744. invaluable highly useful a. 极宝贵的 745. Invariably always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地 746. invent devise v. 发明 747. inviolable withoutexception a. 不可违背的 748. inviolable allowing no attack a. 不可违背的 749. invoke appeal v. 垦求,祈求 750. irrecoverable permanent a. 不能挽回的 751. irreparable permanent a. 不能挽回的 752. isolated separated a. 孤立的;分离的753.jettison release v. 抛弃754.jolt shock v. 震动;震惊755.judge estimate v. 评判756.junction connection n. 连接;接合757.juncture connection n. 连接;接合758.justified right a. 正当的759.justify prove v. 证明...是正当的760.key significant a. 重要的;关键的ding cargo n. 货物ding shipment n. 货物ndscape scenery n. 风景;景色rge extensive a. 大的;大量的rgely mostly ad. 大部分;主要地unch initial v. 发起;发动unch initiate v. 发起;发动unch start v. 发起;发动769.legitimacy authority n. 合法性770.legitimately properly ad. 正当地;合法地771.leisure free time n. 闲暇772.leisurely slowly a. 悠闲的;从容不迫地773.lethal fateful a. 致命的774.lethal deadly a. 致命的775.liberal extensive a. 宽大的776.liken to compare v. 比较777.likewise similarly ad. 同样地778.linger wander v. 徘徊;漫步779.linger stroll v. 徘徊;漫步780.link connect v. 连接781.link consist of v. 连接;结合782.link put together v. 连接;结合结合783.listening advertent a. 留神听的784.livelihood means of support n. 生活;生计785.locale place n. 现场;场所786.locate find v. 找出787.lucrative profitable a. 有利益的788.luxuriant thriving a. 茂盛的789.magnify enlarge v. 放大790.magnitude extent n. 巨大;广大791.magnitude amount n. 量;大小792.maintain continue v. 维持;使继续793.majestic magnificent a. 壮观的794.make their way travel phrv. 前进795.malleable pliable a. 有延展性的;可塑的796.mandatory required a. 强制的;义务的797.mandatory obligatory a. 强制的;义务的798.manifest reveal v. 表明;显现799.manipulate control v. 操纵800.marked considerable a. 显着的801.markedly distinctly ad. 显着地802.mask cover v. 遮避;掩护;伪装803.mask disguise v. 遮避;掩护;伪装804.massive enormous a. 巨大的805.massive huge a. 巨大的806.mastery control n. 控制807.matter issue n. 问题;事件808.maximum greatest size n. 最大量809.mean average n. 平均值810.merely only ad. 仅仅811.merely simply ad. 仅仅812.merely no more than ad. 仅仅813.merge blend v. 合併;融合814.merge combine v. 合併;融合815.meticulously carefully ad. 小心地816.microbe germ n. 微生物;细菌estone significant event n. 里程碑; 划时代ky way galaxy n. 银河819.mimic imitate v. 模仿820.mimic copy v. 模仿821.miniature small a. 微型的822.minuscule tiny a. 微型的823.minute tiny a. 微小的824.minute very small a. 微小的825.minutely finely ad. 详细地;精密地826.minutely in detail ad. 详细地; 精密地827.mirror reflect v. 反映;反射828.misconception wrong idea n. 误解829.misleading erroneous a. 使人误解的830.misleading inaccurate a. 使人误解的831.misunderstanding wrong idea n. 误解832.misunderstanding FALSE idea n. 误解833.mock pretend v. 模仿834.modest limited(有限的) a. 适度的835.modest not too large (不大的) a. 适度的836.modification alteration n. 修改;改变837.momentous significant a. 重要的838.monitor observe v. 监控;监视839.monopolize dominate(支配) v. 独占；垄断840.monotone tedious a. 单调的;乏味的841.monotonous boring a. 单调的;无聊的842.moreover additionally ad. 此外843.moreover in addition ad. 此外844.motif pattern n. 图案845.mount climb v. 登上846.mount grow v. 增长。

IBT TOEF历年词汇题汇总A1. abandon=left 被遗弃的2. aberrant=abnormal 脱离常轨的3. abort=quit 夭折，中止4. abruptly=suddenly 突然地，意外地5. absorb=take in 吸收；被吸进6. absorb=appeal 吸收；被吸进7. absorb=learn（学习）吸收8. abstract=no concrete 抽象的；非实际的9. absurd=ridiculous 荒谬的，可笑的10. abundance=large amount 大量11. abundance=great number 大量12. abundant=affluent 丰富的；大量的13. abundant=ample 丰富的，大量的14. abundant=numerous 丰富的，大量的15. abundant=plentiful 丰富的，大量的16. abundant=substantial 丰富的，大量的17. access=reach 接近18. accessible=easy to reach 易接近的19. accessible=reachable 可接近的20. accidental=unexpected 意外的，偶然的21. accommodate=provide for 提供22. accomplished=achieved 实现的，完成的23. account=description 说明24. account for=explain 说明25. accumulate= pile up 积累，聚集26. accumulate=collect 累积，聚集27. accurate=correct 正确的28. accurately=correctly 正确地29. be accustomed to=get used to 习惯30. acknowledge=recognize 承认31. actually=in fact 事实上32. added=extra 附加的，额外的33. adept=skilled 熟练的34. adherent=supporter 拥护者35. adjacent=nearby 毗连的36. adjacent=neighboring 毗连的37. adjust=modify 调整，改变以适应38. adopt=enact 采用39. advance=improvement 发展，增长40. advent=arrival 出现，到来41. advent=beginning 出现，到来42. affair=matter 事件，事情43. afford=provide 提供，给予44. aggravate=increase 加重，加剧45. aggravate=annoy 使...恼火46. aggregate=overall 聚集的，合计的47. aggregate=combined 聚集的，合计的48. agile=astute 灵活的；敏捷的49. agile=clever 灵活的，敏捷的50. agile=move and act quickly 灵活的，敏捷的51. air=feeling 气氛52. alarm=warning 警告53. alarm=sound 警报54. albeit=even though 尽管，虽然55. allow=enable 允许56. allude=suggest 暗示57. allude to= refer to 提到58. ally with=link to 结盟；联合59. alter=change to 改变60. amazing=remarkable 令人惊讶的，非凡的61. ambiguous=vague 模棱两可的；不明确的62. ambivalent=mixed 矛盾的63. ample=plentiful 充足的；丰富的64. anchor=hold in place 使固定65. ancient=antique 古老的66. annihilate=destroy 消灭67. annihilate=completely remove 消灭68. annually=yearly 每年69. anomaly=irregularity 异常的人或物70. antagonist=competitor 对手；敌手71. anticipate=expect 预期72. antiseptic=clean 抗菌的73. antithesis=opposite 对立面74. antler=horn 鹿角75. anxiety=worry 忧虑，担心76. apart from=except for 除了...之外77. apart from=exception 除了...之外78. apparatus=equipment 仪器，设备79. apparent=obvious 显然的80. apparently=clearly 显然地81. appeal=attraction 吸引力82. broad appeal=wide popularity 广泛的吸引力83. appealing=attractive 有吸引力的84. appear=seem 似乎85. appearance=rise 出现86. appearance=showing up 出现87. appearance=arrival 出现88. application=use 应用89. appreciable=noticeable 相当可观的90. approach=method 方法91. approach= move toward 接近92. approximately=roughly 大约地93. architecture=structure 构造94. archive=record 存档95. archive=stock 存档96. archive=store 存档97. arduous=difficult 艰巨的98. arid=dry 干旱的99. arise=emerge 出现100. arrangement=configuration 安排，布置101. array=range 一系列102. article=item 物品103. article=object 物品104. as a rule=in general 通常105. assert=declare 断言，宣称106. assertion=strong statement 断言，主张107. assertion=strong statement 断言，主张108. asset=advantage 资产，有力条件109. assimilate=combine 同化110. assistant=help 帮助，协助111. assorted=various 各式各样的112. assume=believe 假定，假想113. assume=take on 承担114. assumption=premise 假设、115. astonishing =amazing 惊人的116. astute=clever 敏锐的117. attachment=preference for 依恋118. attain=achieve 达到，获得119. attainment=accompanying 伴随的120. attest to=confirm 证实121. attribute=accredit 归于，认为122. attribute=credit with 归于，认为123. attribute=characteristic 特征124. attribution=character 属性125. augment=increase 增加，提高126. available=obtainable 可获得的127. avenue=method 途径，手段128. avenue=means 途径，手段129. avid=enthusiastic= 热衷的130. be aware of=familiar with 了解B131. barely=just 仅仅132. barge=boat 驳船133. barrier=obstacle 障碍134. barrier=impediment 障碍135. visual barrier =obstacle to view 视觉障碍136. battle=struggle 搏斗，奋斗137. beckon=invite 召唤，引诱138. be beforehand=foreordain 预先139. being=creature 生命140. beneficial=advantageous 有益的141. blossom= flourish 兴旺142. blossom=thrive 兴旺143. boast=puff 自吹自擂地说，吹嘘144. boast=exaggerate 自吹自擂的说，吹嘘145. bombard=assail 炮击，轰击146. bombard=assault 炮击，轰击147. bombard=strike 炮击，轰击148. boom= expansion 激增，暴涨149. boon=great benefit 利益150. boost= raise 增加，提高151. boundary=periphery 边界152. branch=division 分支153. breed=reproduce 繁殖，饲养154. brilliant=bright 光辉的，明亮的155. brittle=breakable 脆弱的156. brittle=fragile 脆弱的157. broadly= generally 大体上158. broadly=extensively 大体上159. bulk=great quantity 大部分160. bulk=majority 大部分161. bulk=large portion 大部分162. bulk= large part 大部分163. bulk=major part 主体164. burgeon=expand 急速成长165. bustling=lively 活跃的、C166. camouflage=blend with circumstance 伪装167. camouflage=decorate 伪装168. camouflage=hide 伪装169. cardinal=fundamental 基本的170. cargo=shipment 船货，货物171. celebrated=famous 著名的172. central=essential 主要的173. certain=specified 指定的174. chancy=risky 冒险的175. channel=direct 引导176. channel=guide 引导177. channel=provide 提供帮助178. chaotic=disorganized 混乱的179. cherish=value 珍爱180. chief=major 主要的181. chisel=carve 刻，凿182. choose=opt 选择183. chronic=persistent 长期的，不断的184. chronic=confirmed 长期的，不断的185. chronic=habitual 长期的，不断的186. chronic=inveterate 长期的，不断的187. chronically=constantly 长期地188. circuitous=indirect 迂回的189. circumstance=condition 环境，境况190. cite=quote 引用191. classic=typical 典型的192. clear=visible 容易看见的193. cling to =attach to 附着194. close=careful 严肃的，周密的195. clue=hint 线索196. coating=cover 覆盖层197. coincide with=be at the same time as 同时发生198. collaborate=cooperate 合作199. collaboration=joint effect 合作成果200. collect=gather 收集201. collide with=run into 碰撞202. collide=hit each other 碰撞203. commemorate=celebrate 庆祝，纪念204. compact=compressed （结实的）紧密的，简明的205. compact=concise 紧密的，简明的206. comparable=equivalent 可比较的207. compel=push 强迫208. compelling=convincing 令人信服的209. compensate=reimburse 赔偿，补偿210. compensate for=balance 赔偿，补偿211. complaint=protest 抗议212. complement=supplement 补充物213. complement=add to 补充214. completely=totally 完全地215. complex=elaborate 复杂的216. complex=system 复合物，综合体217. complicated=made things more difficult 复杂的218. complicated=complex 复杂的219. component=constituent 组成的220. composition=mixture 合成物221. comprehensive=understandable 能理解的222. comprehensive= complete 全部的223. comprise=form 组成224. comprise=make up 组成225. concern=interest 感兴趣226. conclusive=final 最后的227. conclusive=ultimately 最后的228. conductive=contributive 有助于...的229. configuration=form 布局，结构230. configuration=arrangement 布局，结构231. confine=limit 限制232. confront=face 面临233. congeal=solidify 使凝结234. consecutive=successive 连续的235. consequence=importance 结果，重要性236. consequent=later 随后的237. consequent=resultant 作为结果的238. consequent=resulting 作为结果的239. consequential=significant 重要的240. consequently=therefore 因此241. consequently=thus 因此242. conserve=save 保存243. consider=think about 考虑，认为244. consider=think as 考虑，认为245. consider=view as 考虑，认为246. considerable=substantial 相当大的247. consist of =compose of 由...组成248. consistent=regular 一致的249. be consistent with= be compatible with 一致的250. consistently=regularly 一致的251. conspicuous=notable 明显的252. constant=stable 固定的，不变的253. constantly=always 经常，不断地254. constellation=collection 一系列，一群255. constellation=combination 一系列，一群256. constitution=component 构造257. constrain=restrict 限制258. constrain=limit 限制259. constraint=restriction 限制260. consume=et up 消耗；吃；喝261. contemplate=consider 沉思262. contentious=disputed 好争吵的263. continual=constant 不间断的，连续的264. continuous=uninterrupted 连续的，持续的265. on the contrary=whereas（然而，反之）恰恰相反266. contrive=create 发明267. contrive=invent 发明268. conventional=customary 习惯的，惯例的269. conventional=traditional 习惯的，惯例的270. converging=concentrating 收缩的，汇聚的271. convert=transform 使转变272. convert into=change to 转变成273. convict=condemn 宣判274. convict=sentence 宣判275. convict=doom（判决）宣判276. conviction=belief 相信，信念277. conviction=strong belief 坚定的信念278. cope with=deal with 应付，处理279. cope with=handle 应付，处理280. core=center 核心，要点281. correspondence=harmony 一致282. corroborate=confirm 证实，确证283. costly=expensive 贵重的，昂贵的284. counsel=advise 忠告、285. counter=oppose 反对286. counter of =in the opposite of 相反的287. counterpart=equivalent（同等物）副本，复本288. counterpart=similitude（类似物）复本，副本289. counterpart=version（版本）副本，复本290. countervail=compensate 抵消，对抗291. countervail=oppose 抵消，抵抗292. copious=plentiful 丰富的，大量的293. couple=associate 与...联系起来294. covered=included 隐蔽的，有盖的295. crawl=move 爬行，移动296. create=invent 创作，产生297. creative=inventive 创造的298. crest=peak 顶峰299. critical=crucial 关键的300. critical=essential 关键的301. criticize=debate （争论，辩论）批评，责备302. crucial=important 重要的303. crucially=decisively 关键地304. crushed=ground 碾碎了的305. cumbersome=awkward 笨的，麻烦的306. cumbersome=clumsy 笨重的，麻烦的307. cumbersome=unwieldy 笨重的，麻烦的308. curb=control 控制，遏止309. current=present 现在的D310. dam=block 筑坝；控制311. dangle=hang 悬摆；吊312. daring= bold 大胆的313. debate=argue 辩论，争论314. decimate=destroy 大量毁灭315. decimation=destruction 大量毁灭316. degree=extent 程度317. degree=measure 程度318. delicate=dainty 易碎的，精美的319. deluxe=lavish 奢华的320. delight=pleasure 高兴，愉快321. demand=need 需要，需求322. in great demand=in popularity 普遍323. demise=extinction 死亡324. demography=population 人口统计325. dense=crowded 稠密的，密集的326. depend=rely on 依赖，依靠327. dependable=reliable 可信赖的328. depict=describe 描述329. depict=portray 描写，描绘330. deposit=lay down 放下，放置331. depletion=drain 消耗，用尽332. deposit=accumulate 沉积333. derive=arise 源于，导出334. design=create 设计335. designate=identify 命名，指定336. detractor=critic（批评者）诽谤者，恶意批评者、337. detrimental=harmful 有害的，不利的338. deviate=digress 偏离339. deviation=departure 背离340. devise=create 设计，发明341. devoid of =without 缺乏的342. devoid of=scant of 缺乏的343. devoted=dedicated 虔诚的，专心致志的344. devoted=concentrated on 虔诚的，专心致志的345. devoted to=concentrated on 虔诚的，专心致志的346. dictate=order 命令347. dictate=determine 口授；命令348. differential=uneven 差别的；独特的349. diffuse=spread out 扩散；散布350. diffuse=travel 扩散，散布351. diligent=careful 勤奋的352. diligently=carefully 勤奋地353. dilute=reduce 稀释，使薄弱354. dim=decrease 变暗淡355. disassemble= break apart 拆开356. disassemble=break up 拆开357. disband=dismiss 解散，遣散358. discard=throw up 摒弃，丢弃359. discard=throw away 摒弃，丢弃360. discernible=noticeable 可辨别的361. discernible=discriminating 可辨别的362. discharge=release 释放363. disentangle=disband 解开364. disgust=distaste 厌恶365. disintegrate=break apart 分解，碎裂、366. disintegrate=fall apart 分解，碎裂367. disintegrate= tear apart 分解，碎裂368. dismantle=demolish 拆开，拆除369. disorder=anarchy 混乱370. dispensable=not necessary 非必要的371. dispersal=distribution 散布，驱散372. displace=move out of position 迫使（人）离开373. disposition=temperament 性格，性情374. dispute=contention 争论，争执375. dispute=argument 争论，争执376. dissipate=disperse 驱散377. dissipated=dispersed 分散的378. dissuade=discourage 劝阻379. distinct=clear and recognizable 清楚的，明确的380. distinction=difference 差别381. distinction=excellence 优秀，卓越382. distinction=honor 荣誉383. distinctive=characteristic 有特色的384. distinguish=notice from the difference 区别，设别385. distribute=spread 分配，散布386. distribution=geographic range 分布区域387. distribution=dispersion 散布388. disturb=upset 打扰，扰乱389. diverse=distinct 不同的390. diversity=variety 多样性391. divest=get rid of 剥夺392. divest=deprive 剥夺393. domestic=home 家庭的，国内的394. dormant=hibernated 休眠的395. dramatically=greatly 戏剧性地396. drastic=extreme 激烈的，极端的397. drastically=obviously 大大地，彻底地、398. drastically=severely 大大地，彻底地399. dual=double 双的，双重的400. duplicate=copy 复制401. duplicate=repeat 复本402. durable=lasting 经久的，持久的403. duration=length 为期E404. earn=acquire 赢得，赚得405. ease=facilitate （使容易）使减轻，使缓和406. eccentric=erratic 古怪的，反常的407. eccentric=strange 古怪的，反常的408. efface=eliminate 消去409. elaborate=detailed 精巧的，详尽的410. elaborate=dainty 精巧的，详尽的411. elapsed=passed 过去的，经过的412. element=weather condition （恶劣的）天气413. eliminate= remove 排除，消除414. elusive= difficult to catch 难懂的，难以捉摸的415. emanate=emerge 散发，产生416. embark on=start 从事（着手）417. embed =insert 插入, 植入418. embed=enclose 插入，植入419. emergence=appearance 出现420. emergency=crisis 紧急情况421. emergent=developing 新兴的422. employ=use 利用423. enable=allow 使能够424. enactment=establishment 制定425. encapsulate=state briefly 概述426. encourage=stimulate 激励，刺激427. endangered=not abundant 濒临灭绝的428. endeavor=enterprise 努力429. endow=bestow 捐赠430. engulf=swallow 吞没431. enhance=improve 增高，增强432. enhance=intensify 提高，增强433. enjoy=experience 经历434. enlist=obtain 谋取（支持、赞助等）、435. enormous=great 巨大的436. enrich=enhance 使富足437. ensue=result 因产生438. ensuring=subsequent 接着发生的439. ensure=guarantee 保证、担保440. entail=involve 牵涉441. enthusiastic=eager 热情的442. be entitled=have the right 有...权力443. environment=setting 环境444. ephemeral=short-lived 短暂的445. ephemeral=transient 短暂的446. episode=event 事件447. equilibrium=balance 平衡448. era=period 时代，年代449. eradicate=remove completely 根除，消灭450. erect=build 建立451. erratic=unpredictable 不稳定的，古怪452. erratic=irregular 不稳定的，古怪的453. escalate=extend 逐步扩大454. essential=crucial 极其重要的455. established=qualified 已制定的456. establishment=formation （构成）建立,创立457. estimation=evaluation 估计458. euphoric=extremely happy459. evaluate=judge 评价460. eventual=later 最后的461. eventually=later 最后462. eventually=ultimately 最后463. evidence=proof 证据464. evident=apparent 明显的465. evident=obvious 明显的466. evoke=arouse 唤起，引起467. evoke=create in the mind 唤起，引起468. evoke=draw 唤起，引起469. evoke=produce 引起，唤起470. evoke=promote 引起，唤起471. evoke=stimulate 唤起，引起472. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大473. excavate=dig out 挖掘474. exceed= beyond above 超越，胜过475. exceeded=surpass 超越，胜过476. exceedingly=extremely 极其，非常477. excess=go beyond 超越，胜过478. exclusively=only 专门地，独占地479. excrete=expel 排泄，分泌480. exercise=use 运用481. exhausted=tried 筋疲力尽的482. exhausted=used up 耗尽的，用完的569. groom=clean 装扮，使整洁 570. groundless=unfounded 无根据的 571. grounds=reasons 根据，理由 572. groundwork=base 基础 573. groundwork=basis 基础 574. grudging=unenthusiastic 勉强的 575. guarantee=ensure 保证，担保 H576. hallmark=characteristic 戳记，标志 577. hamper=district 妨碍，束缚 578. hamper=restrict 妨碍，束缚 579. hamper=make difficultly 妨碍，束缚 580. handy=convenient 便利的，灵活的 581. haphazard =random 随意的 582. harness=utilize 利用583. harsh=drastic 严厉的，严酷的 584. hasty=hurried 匆匆的，急忙的 585. haul=pull 拖，拉 586. havoc=destruction 浩劫 587. hazard=danger 危险 588. heed=notice 留心注意 589. heighten=increase 增加，提高 590. heir=inheritor 继承人，后继者 591. hence=therefore 因此 592. heritage=legacy 遗产，传统 593. heritage=tradition 遗产，传统594. heterogeneous=varied 由不同种类组成的 595. hide=conceal 隐藏 596. hinder=interfere with 妨碍 597. hint=clue 暗示，迹象 598. hint=implication 暗示，迹象 599. hint=indication 暗示，迹象 600. hint=lead 暗示，迹象 601. hire=employ 雇佣 602. hobby=pastime 嗜好 603. hold=support 支撑，保持 604. hold=keep up 支撑，保持 605. hollow=an empty space 中空 606. homogeneous=uniform 同种的 607. host of =great number 大量 608. however=yet 然而 609. hub=center 中心 610. huge=large 巨大的 611. hurdle=fence 用篱笆围612. hypothetical=supposed 假设的，假定的 I 613. ice sheet=glacier 冰原483. exhibit=demonstrate 展示，陈列 484. exhibit=display 展示，陈列 485. expand=stretch 展开，增长 486. expand=increase 展开，增长 487. expanse=area 一大片区域 488. expansive=large 广阔的489. expediency=advantage （ 利益，优势） ，方便，利己、490. expediency=convenience 放便，利己 491. expedient=fitting 权宜的，方便的 492. expend=use 耗尽493. explicit=obvious 明确的，清楚的 494. explicitly=clear 明确地 495. exploit=take advantage of 利用 496. exploit=make use of 利用 497. exploit=utilize 利用498. explore=investigate 探测，探索 499. expose to =subject to （遭受） 使经历 500. express=communicate 表达 501. extant=existing 现存的，尚在的 502. extant=not extinct 现存的，尚存的 503. extant=remaining 现存的，尚存的 504. extend=stretch 延伸 505. become extinct=die out 灭绝 506. extol=praise 赞美507. extraneous=inessential 无关的，外来的 508. extraneous=from outside 无关的，外来的 509. extraordinary=exceptional 异常的 510. exude=give off 渗出，发散 511. exude= release 渗出，发散 F512. fabricate=produce 制造 513. in fact=actually 事实上514. far-reaching=extensive 深远的，广泛的 515. far-reaching=broad 深远的，广泛的 516. fascinating=extremely attractive 迷人的 517. fashion=way 样子，方式 518. fashion=make 形成，造519. fashionable=popular 流行的，时尚的 520. feasible=practical 可实行的 521. feast=eating 盛宴 560. gap=opening 缺口，裂口 561. gear=adjust 使适合 562. generate=produce 产生 563. genuinely=actually 真诚地 564. given=particular 规定的，特定的 565. govern=regulate 统治，管理 566. govern=control 统治，管理 567. grasp=understand 领会，理解 568. groom=make up 装扮，使整洁614. identical=the same 同样的615. idiosyncrasies=peculiarity 特性616. ignite=set on fire 点燃617. illusion=impression （印象）错觉，幻象618. immediately=closest 接近，紧接着619. immense=great 巨大的620. immense=huge 巨大的621. immense=vast 巨大的622. immensely=extremely 非常623. immigration =movement 移居624. immobile=fixed 固定的，静止的625. immobility=absence of motion 固定，静止626. immoral=indecent 不道德的627. immoral=improper 不道德的628. impermeable=impenetrable 不能渗透的629. impermeable=impervious 不能渗透的630. impetus =stimulus 刺激，促进631. implausible=unbelievable 难以置信的632. implement=tool 工具633. imply=indicate 意味634. imposing=impressive 给人深刻印象的635. imprecise=inexact 不精确的636. improbable=unlikely 不像会发生的637. inaccessible=unreachable 难接近的638. inadvertently=unintentionally 非故意地639. inadvertently=without knowing 非故意地640. inauspicious=unfavorable 不吉利的641. incidentally=by the way 顺便一提642. inclement=unfavorable （气候）严酷的643. be inclined=tend 倾向644. inconceivable=unimaginable 难以置信的645. inconclusive=without result（毫无结果）不确定的646. incorporate=include 包含647. incorporate=merge 吸收，并入648. incursion=invasion 入侵649. indicate=demonstrate 指示，指出650. indigenous=native 本土的，土生土长的651. indispensable=significant（重要的）必不可少的652. indispensable=essential 不可缺少的653. indispensable=necessary 不可缺少的654. indispensable=needed 不可缺少的655. indispensable=required 不可缺少的656. indispensable=vital 不可缺少的657. induce=to bring 引起658. induce=cause 引起659. ineffectively=without any result 无效地660. inert=monition-less 迟缓的，惰性的661. inert=motiveless 迟缓的，惰性的662. inevitable=unavoidable 不可避免的663. inference=conclusion 推断的结果664. infirm=weak 不坚定的；衰弱的665. inflate=expand 膨胀，扩大666. infrastructure=foundation 基础建设667. ingenious=very clever 心灵手巧的668. ingenuity=cleverness 心灵手巧的，独创性669. ingenuity=creativeness 心灵手巧；独创性670. ingenuity=inventiveness 心灵手巧；独创性671. ingenuity=resourcefulness 心灵手巧；独创性672. inherent=essential 内在的，固有的673. inherent=internal 内在的，固有的674. inherent=instinctive 与生俱来的675. inherent in= characteristic of 与生俱来的676. inherently=essentially 固有地677. inhibit=hinder 约束；抑制678. inhospitable=unfavorable 冷淡的；不适宜的679. inhospitable=adverse 冷淡的，不适宜的680. initial=first 最初的681. initially=originally 最初；开头682. initiate=begin 开始；创始683. initiate=start 开始，创始684. innovation=new 革新，创新685. innovative=new 创新的686. inordinate=excessive 过度的687. instant=moment 片刻；瞬间688. instantaneous=immediate 即刻的689. instigate=incite 唆使；煽动690. instructive=informative 富有教育意义的691. insufficient=inadequate 不足的692. intact=untouched 完好的693. intangible=nonmaterial 无形的694. intangible=immaterial 无形的695. integral=essential 构成整体所需要的696. intense=strong 强烈的697. intentionally=deliberately698. intermediate=in-between699. intimate=close 亲密的700. intricate=carefully shaped701. intricate=carefully shaped702. intricate=complex 复杂的703. intricate=interest 引发，兴趣704. intriguing=fascinating 迷人的706. intrinsic=inherent707. intrusive=invasive708. invade=move into 入侵，侵犯709. invaluable=highlyuseful 极宝贵的710. invariable=always 始终如一地711. invent=devise 发明712. inviolable=without exception 不可违背的713. inviolable=allowing no attack 不可违背的有意地，故意地中间的；媒介复杂的705. intrinsic=essential 本质的，内在的本质的，内在的侵入的714. invoke=appeal 恳求，祈求715. irrecoverable=permanent 不可挽回的716. irreparable=permanent 不可挽回的717. isolated=separated 孤立的，分离的JK718. jettison=release 抛弃719. jolt=shock 震动；震惊720. judge=estimate 评判721. junction=connection 连接，接合722. juncture=connection 连接，接合723. justified=right 正当的724. justify=prove 证明...是正当的725. key=significant 重要的，关键的L726. lading=cargo 货物727. lading=shipment 货物728. landscape=scenery 风景，景色729. large=extensive 大的，大量的730. largely=mostly 大部分；主要地731. launch=initial 发起，发动732. launch=initiate 发动，发起733. launch=start 发动，发起734. legitimacy=authority 合法性735. of legitimacy=lawful 合法的736. legitimately=properly 正当地，合法地737. leisure=free time 闲暇738. leisurely=slowly 从容不迫地739. lethal=fateful 致命的740. lethal=deadly 致命的741. liberal=extensive 宽大的742. of likelihood=probable 可能的743. liken to =compare 比较744. likewise=similarly 同样地745. linger=wander 徘徊，漫步746. linger=stroll 徘徊，漫步747. link=put together 连接，结合748. link=consist of 连接，结合749. link=connect 连接750. listening=advertent 留神听的751. livelihood=means of support 生活，生计752. locale=place 现场，场所753. locate=find 找出754. lucrative=profitable 有利益的755. luxuriant=thriving 茂盛的M756. magnify=enlarge 放大757. magnitude=extent 巨大；广大758. magnitude=amount 量，大小759. maintain=continue 维持，使继续760. majestic=magnificent 壮观的761. make their way= travel 前进762. malleable=pliable 可塑的763. mandatory=required 强制的，义务的764. mandatory=obligatory 强制的，义务的765. manifest=reveal 表现；显现766. manipulate=control 操纵767. marked=considerable 显著的768. markedly=distinctly 显著地769. mask=cover 遮蔽，掩护，伪装770. mask=disguise 遮蔽；掩护；伪装771. massive=enormous 巨大的772. massive=huge 巨大的773. mastery=control 控制774. matter=issue 问题，事件775. maximum=greatest size 最大量776. mean=average 平均值777. merely=no more than 仅仅778. merely=only 仅仅779. merely=simply 仅仅780. merge=blend 合并，融合781. merge=combine 合并，融合782. meticulously=carefully 小心地783. microbe=germ 微生物，细菌784. milestone=significant events 里程碑785. milky way=galaxy 银河786. mimic=imitate 模仿787. mimic=copy 模仿788. miniature=small 微型的789. minuscule=tiny 微型的790. minute=very small 微小的791. minute=tiny 微小的792. minutely=in detail 详细地；精密地793. minutely=finely 详细地；精密地794. mirror=reflect 反映，反射795. misconception=wrong idea 误解796. misleading=erroneous 使人误解的797. misleading=inaccurate 使人误解的798. misunderstanding=wrong idea 误解799. misunderstanding= false idea 误解800. mock=pretend 模仿801. modest=limited（有限的）适度的802. modest=not too large （不大的）适度的803. modification=alteration 修改，改变804. momentous=significant 重要的805. monitor=observe 监控，监视806. monopolize=dominate 独占；垄断807. monotone=tedious 单调的，乏味的808. monotonous=boring 单调的，无聊的809. moreover=additionally 此外810. moreover=in addition 此外811. motif=pattern 图案812. set in motion=start 开动813. mount=grow 增长814. mount=increase 增长815. mundane=material 世俗的，平凡的816. mundane=ordinary 世俗的，平凡的817. myriad=countless 大量的，无数的818. myriad=innumerable 大量的，无数的819. myriad=numerous 大量的，无数的820. myriad=innumerable 大量的，无数的N821. narrow=limit 使变窄822. nature=character 天性，本质823. nearly=almost 几乎，差不多824. necessary=required 必要的825. needless to say= obvious 不用说826. nevertheless=however 然而，尽管827. nevertheless=however 然而，尽管828. nevertheless=in spite of 然而，尽管、829. nocturnal=nightmare 夜间的830. notable=important 显著的，重要的831. notable=outstanding 显著的，重要的832. note=record 记录833. have nothing to do with= in no relation 不相干834. noticeable=obvious 显而易见的835. notwithstanding=despite 虽然，尽管O836. objective=purpose 目标837. oblige=force 强迫838. obscure=conceal 使变暗，遮掩839. obscure=hide 使模糊840. obscure=unclear 模糊的841. obscure=not clear 模糊的842. obsession with= fixation on 痴迷，迷恋843. obtain=acquire 取得，获得844. obvious=evident 明显的845. occasion=event 重大活动846. offset=make up 补偿，抵消847. offset=compensate 补偿，抵消848. offset=balance 补偿，抵消849. old male=aged male 老人850. omit=exclude 遗漏，删去851. omit=neglect 遗漏，删去852. ongoing=current 进行的853. onset=beginning 开始854. onset=start 开始855. opaque=impenetrable 难以理解的856. optimal=most advantageous 最佳的857. option=choice 选项，选择858. orchestrate=stage-manage 精心安排859. orientation=perspective 观点860. orientation=introduction 介绍861. originally=at the first 起初，原来、862. ornament=decorate 装饰的863. ornamental=decorative 装饰的864. ornamentation=decoration 装饰865. outbreak=sudden increase 爆发，突然发生866. outcome=result 结果867. outermost=farthermost away 最远的868. overview=summary 概要869. overwhelming=powerful 压倒性的PQ 870. pacify=assuage 使平静871. paradox=contrary 相反，矛盾872. paradoxically=seemingly contradictory 似是而非地873. parcel out=distribute 把...分成几份874. pare away=remove 修掉；削减875. patch=spot 斑点876. patch=area 小块土地877. partly=in some degree 部分地878. peak=highest point 高峰（期）879. peak=maximum 高峰（期）880. peak=time of the greatest period 高峰（期）881. peculiar=strange 奇怪的，独特的882. penetrate=enter 穿入，穿透883. perceptible=appreciable 可感知的884. perceptible=noticeable 可感知的885. peril=danger 危险886. perilous=dangerous 危险的887. perilous=hazardous 危险的888. perilous=toxic 危险的889. periodically=from time to time 周期性地890. periodically=regularly 周期性地891. perishable=easy to spoil 易腐坏的892. permanent=lasting 永恒893. permeate=penetrate 渗透，弥漫894. permit=allow 允许895. perpetual=constant 永久的，连续的896. persist=continue 坚持，持续897. persist=last 坚持，持续898. persistent=long lasting 耐久的899. personality=character 个性，性格900. pertinent=relevant 相关的901. pervasive=widespread 普遍的902. phenomenal=extraordinary 异常的903. phenomena=events 现象904. phenomenon=observable fact 现象905. phenomenon=occurrence 现象906. piecing=joining 接合907. pigment=color 色素908. pigmentation=coloring （生物的）天然色素909. pigmentation=dye 染色910. pinnacle=high point 顶点，顶峰911. pinpoint=describe precisely 准确地解释或说明912. pinpoint=clearly identify 准确地解释或说明913. pinpoint =precise 精确的914. plausible=believable 貌似有理的915. pledge=promise 保证，誓言916. plumage=feature 羽毛917. within the ordinary citizen's918. pocketbook=affordable 负担得起的919. popular=widespread 流行的，广泛的920. popular=broad appeal 流行的，广泛的921. pore=hole 毛孔，细孔922. portion=part 一部分923. portion=constituent 一部分924. pose=place 摆姿势，展现925. pose=present 摆姿势，展现926. posit=propose 断定，假定927. posit=suggest 断定，假定928. posit=assume 断定，假定929. postulate=presume 假定930. postulate= hypotheses 假定931. potent=powerful 有力的932. potential=possible 潜在的，可能的933. practically=nearly 几乎，差不多934. precarious=insecure 不稳定的，危险的935. precede=by beyond 高于，超出936. precede=come before 在...之前937. precious=valuable 宝贵的938. precipitate=bring about 使...突然发生939. precision=accuracy 精确，正确940. preclude=rule out 排除，阻止941. predicament=difficult situation942. predicament=serious situation943. prediction=prophecy 预言944. predominant=most aggressive945. predominant =very noticeable946. predominant=principal 占优势的947. predominantly =primitively 占优势地948. predominately=mainly 主要地949. preeminent=foremost 卓越的，显著的950. premise=assumption 假定，前提951. premise=assume 假定，前提952. preoccupation with =concentration on 专注于953. preordain=appoint 预定，注定954. preordain=foreordain 预定，注定955. preordain=ordain 预定，注定956. prerequisite=requirement 必要条件957. prerequisite=something needed to happen 必要条件958. prerequisite=something required 必要条件959. preserve=protect 保存，保护960. preserve=retain 保存，保护961. preserve=save 保存，保护962. presumable=probably 可推测的，可能有的963. prevailing=dominant 占优势的俄964. prevailing=popular 流行的965. prevalent=prevailing 普遍的，流行的966. prevalent=common 普遍的，流行的967. previous=past 先前的，以往的968. previously=before 以前，早先969. primarily=mainly 主要地970. primary=dominant 主要的971. primitive=early 原始的972. principal=essential 主要的973. principal=major 主要的974. principle=rule 原则，原理975. principle=standard 原则，原理976. prior=previous 在先的，在前的977. priority=ranking preference 优先978. pristine=pure 清新的，淳朴的979. prized=valued 有价值的980. probe=explore 探查，探测981. process =purify （提纯，精炼）加工982. procure=obtain 获得，取得983. procure=acquire 获得，取得984. profoundly=far-reaching 深深地985. programmed=determined 计划的986. prohibitive=unaffordable 抑止的、987. projection=estimate 推测，估计988. proliferation=increase 增产，增加989. prolifically=abundantly 多产地990. prolong=extend 延长991. prominent=eminent 显著的992. prominent=outstanding 卓越的，重要的993. prominent=principal 卓越的，重要的994. promote=encourage 促进，增长995. pronounced=clear 明显的，显著的尴尬的处境，困境尴尬占优势的占优势的。