江苏高考英语篇阅读翻译

2018年江苏高考阅读B篇解析及全文翻译2018年江苏高考英语阅读B篇解析及全文翻译原文：In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta (意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser--they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discouragespending -- “bad” tables, crowding, high prices -- don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables -- next to the kitchen door, say --spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a b uffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.58. The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph3 most probably implies that the customers were ________.A. not aware of eating more than usualB. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food qualityD. not fond of the food provided59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. Playing classical music.B. Introducing lemon scent.C. Making the light brighter.D. Using plates of larger size.60. What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.解析：58. 选A关键句：When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none thewiser--they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.翻译：当柏林餐馆的食客在黑暗的环境中用餐时，他们不知道自己已经吃了多少；那些得到超大份食物的人比其他人吃得更多，可没有一个人意识到这一点--他们没有觉得更饱，而且他们还要点甜点。

Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid hercitizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden offree.be to cease would they good, common the for responsibility and self-dependence Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.”No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.参考翻译：自由与责任在数字时代，自由是一个严肃的话题。

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷第三部分阅读理解AB婴儿在出生之间便能够区别大的声响和声音的不同。

他们甚至可以将母亲和其他陌生女性的声音区分开来。

但如果说到胎教的话，鸟类却要更胜一筹。

近日，来自期刊《AUK——鸟类学研究前沿》的报告称，一些成年雌鸟在其幼鸟尚未孵化之前便能够教幼鸟“唱歌”。

幼鸟在出生几天后不久便可以模仿雌鸟的叫声。

这种教育方法由来是南澳大利亚的弗林德斯大学的生物学家SoniaKleindorfer和她的同事们于2012年首次观察到的。

他们发现雌性澳洲壮丽细尾鹪鹩在孵化幼鸟时会反复发出同一种鸣叫。

当雏鸟被孵化出来后，它们会向雌鸟发出十分相似的声音——好像在说“喂我”。

为了验证这种特殊能力在鸟类世界是否具有普遍性，研究人员选择红背壮丽细尾鹪鹩，另一种澳洲自产的会鸣叫的鸟，进一步进行研究。

首先，他们在分布于昆士兰州4个地点的67个鸟巢中收集了幼鸟孵化前后的声音数据。

然后，他们通过分析声音数据的顺序和次数来识别幼鸟发出的求食声。

他们利用计算机分析软件随机比较了来自母鸟和幼鸟的叫声，并根据相似度进行排序。

研究发现，红背壮丽短尾鹪鹩的幼鸟也会发出像母鸟那样的叫声。

如果母鸟对鸟蛋所发出的叫声越频繁，那么孵化后的幼鸟所发出的求食声便会和母鸟越相似。

除此之外，研究团队还做了一个单独的实验，该实验结果表明那些模仿母鸟叫声更像的幼鸟会得到更多的食物。

这一观察所隐含的意思在于，有效的胎教可以将婴儿优质的神经系统信号传递给父母。

因此，这一研究可以得到一个关于进化的推论，即“作为父母，你会选择投资那些更优秀的孩子还是那些需要帮助的孩子？”K leindorfer问道。

“我们的实验结果表明父母可能会选择更优秀的孩子。

”C如果一种新商品使得其行业的利润过高且增长过快，那么反垄断监管者便需要介入并查明是谁在控制这一商品流。

一个世纪之前，石油便是这一问题的源头。

如今从事数据交易的巨头们则引发了人们类似的担心，因为数据即是数据时代的“石油”。

高考英语江苏卷句子翻译历年真题及答案解析一、高考英语江苏卷句子翻译历年真题1. 2015年江苏高考英语卷：The two boys were playing football in the park when it began to rain.答案：两个男孩正在公园里踢足球，突然下起了雨。

2. 2016年江苏高考英语卷：If you go on driving so fast, you will have an accident.答案：如果你继续开得这么快，你会出事故的。

3. 2017年江苏高考英语卷：It is said that the number of the tourists arriving in their village has reached 5,000 this month.答案：据说本月到达他们村子的游客数量已经达到了5000人。

4. 2018年江苏高考英语卷：Please have your cell phones turned off during the meeting.答案：请在会议期间将你们的手机关机。

5. 2019年江苏高考英语卷：As we all know, exercise helps people relieve stress and improve their sleep quality.答案：我们都知道，锻炼可以帮助人们减轻压力并改善睡眠质量。

二、答案解析1. 2015年江苏高考英语卷答案解析：本题是一个时间状语从句的翻译题，主要注意准确表达“when it began to rain”这一句子即可。

2. 2016年江苏高考英语卷答案解析：本题是一个条件句的翻译题，主要注意准确表达“if you go on driving so fast”和“you will have an accident”这两个句子即可。

3. 2017年江苏高考英语卷答案解析：本题是一个被动语态的翻译题，主要注意准确表达“the number of the tourists arriving in their village has reached 5,000 this month”这一句子即可。

People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.人们在选择新闻的时候都希望从中得到回报。

这种回报有两种类型。

其一，被Freud称之为娱乐回报原则；其二，是现实回报原则；换一种更好听一点的名字，可以将他们分别称之为即时回报和延迟回报。

总的来讲，能够得到即时回报的新闻往往包括犯罪、贪污、交通事故、自然灾害、体育、社会重大事件以及人们津津乐道的话题。

而延迟回报则往往和公众事件、经济、社会问题、科学、教育以及健康等方面的行为有关。

News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.读第一种类型的新闻，得到的回报是即时的。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）AB黑猩猩在某些方面是会互相合作的，比如在几方交战中集中在一起来保卫他们的领地。

但是，除了满足成为社会生物的最低要求之外，他们在互相帮助方面却没有本能的因素。

野生状态下的黑猩猩自己觅食。

甚至母黑猩猩通常也不愿意跟他们的孩子分享食物,这些小猩猩从小就会自己觅食。

从本性上说，即便在实验室里，黑猩猩也不会分享食物。

如果黑猩猩被放在笼子里，他能把一盘喂给他的食物拽进来吃掉，或者他可以不费吹灰之力就能把喂给隔壁笼子里邻居的一盘子食物拉到自己面前也吃掉的话，他就会很随便地任取一盘---他才不管他的邻居有没有饭吃。

黑猩猩真的很自私。

从另一个方面讲，我们人类在孩提时代就特别能相互合作。

在年幼时，他们就会互相帮助，分享信息以及共同参与从而实现一个目标。

他发现如果18个月大的孩子看见手里满是东西的成年人心惊胆战试图开门时，几乎所有幼儿都会立即试图帮助他。

有理由相信那些去帮助，提醒和分享的欲望并不是别人教的，而是在年幼孩子们身上自然就拥有的。

其中一个理由就是在大多数父母开始训练自己孩子行为社会化之前，这些本能在孩子们生长的较早阶段就已经显现出来。

另外一个理由就是如果孩子们由于帮助别人被给予奖励，那么这种乐于帮助别人的行为品质就不会再进一步提高。

第三个理由是孩子们社交智能的发展是超前于他们基本认知技能的，至少当跟黑猩猩比较时是这样的。

托马塞洛做了一些测试，在肢体运动方面，孩子们并不比黑猩猩做得好，可是在社交领域里，他们的理解能力却明显要好得多。

孩子们思维所具备的和黑猩猩的思维所不具备的核心问题就是托马塞洛所谓的共享意向。

此能力部分表现为他们可以从别人知道的或正在思考的得到他们想要的。

但是，除此之外，甚至年龄更小的孩子也想成为这个共同目标的一部分。

他们积极地要成为“我们”的一部分，而“我们”是个有着共同目标的组织。

C厄尔尼诺，这是个西班牙语词汇，意思是耶稣孩提画像。

它是被南美的渔夫命名的，南美渔夫注意到全球气候格局每2年到7年就会变化，而这就会造成在圣诞节期间捕鱼量的减产。

2021年江苏省高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）ARome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many choose to stay in a hostel（旅社）.The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around ＄25 a night,and for that,you'll often get to stay in a central location （位置）with security and comfort.Yellow HostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel.It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city,and for good reason.It's affordable,and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy.As an added bonus,it's close to the main train station.Hostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels,this is the best hostel for you in Rome.Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun.Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots,bar crawls and karaoke.There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station HostelIf you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel,look no further than Youth Station.It offers beautiful furnishings and beds.There are plenty of other benefits,too；it doesn't charge city tax；it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms；it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions.The staff is friendly and helpful,providing you with a map of the city when you arrive,and offering advice if you require some.However,you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel？______A. Comfort.B. Security.C. Price.D. Location.2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life？______A. Yellow Hostel.B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.C. Youth Station Hostel.D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes？______A. It gets noisy at night.B. Its staff is too talkative.C. It charges for Wi-Fi.D. It's inconveniently located.BBy day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for thepast four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage."A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot." Mr Titterton explained. Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand," Mr Titterton said, "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage."My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!' Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."4. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner? ______A. Read music.B. Play the piano.C. Sing songs.D. Fix the instruments.5. Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage? ______A. Boring.B. Well-paid.C. Demanding.D. Dangerous.6. What does Titterton need to practise? ______A. Counting the pages.B. Recognizing the "nodding".C. Catching falling objects.D. Performing in his own style.7. Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worse page turner"? ______A. He has very poor eyesight.B. He ignores the audience.C. He has no interest in music.D. He forgets to do his job.CWhen the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimatea large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat （栖息地）.In 1934，with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act （Act），an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory （迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vitalto their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934，better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.8. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America？A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.9. What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph？A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.10. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934？A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？A. The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird HuntingDPopularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills". Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionallyintelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.12. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person's positive qualities.13. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in Paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.14. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.15. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. (1) ______ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.The place wasn't entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing（水管）worked. （2）______ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des portes," in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper acouple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight.（3）______ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.（4）______ On our first morning in Paris,I went around the corner to the food market to pick some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost ＄18!In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency（效率）.You can tell this by cafélife.French cafés are always crowded.（5）______ When do these people work？The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously - so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. GMy life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when,for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,（1）______ little bunny（兔子）cakes for all its （2）______ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for （3）______ help during our spring break, for which I had no（4）______ beyond listening to my favorite records.I'd （5）______ minimum wage. I'd see how a factory（6）______ . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their （7）______ .Our（8）______ in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing（糖霜）ears. Applyicing eyes and nose.（9）______ bunny from the belt. This was （10） ______ than it sounds. （11）______ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd （12）______ .Dad（13）______ . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood （14）______ food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you（15）______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.21. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved22. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens23. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary24. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies25. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest26. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived27. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation28. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices29. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove30. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper31. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on32. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered33. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused34. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering35. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate36. Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song The Long and WindingRoad. (1) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (2) (human) are.The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will (3) (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (4) (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it？But that's how nature is—always leaving us (5) (astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it (6) (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure (7) offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (8) (ache) legs.As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in (9) (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is (10) must to visit!(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37. 你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。

江苏省高考英语阅读理解-细节理解（1）附答案解析1、 Jimmy Doolittle was a scientist, an airplane engineer anda general in the United States Army.At one time, he held the record for flying faster than any other person. He was the first pilot to cross the United States in less than twenty-four hours. He was the first pilot to fly“ blind’’,using only instruments to guide his airplane.And, when his country entered World War Two, he led one ofthe first successful attacks against the enemy.Jimmy Doolittle was bom on December, 14th, 18%,in the western state of California. His family soon moved to Nome,Alaska. Jimmy was a small boy. He never grew to be very big. Yet larger boys made a mistake if they thought being small also meant being weak. Jimmy would fight if someone tried to hurt him. And he almost never lost.As a young man he became a boxing champion. When the United States entered World War One, young Jimmy Doolittle joined the army. He also asked to be trained as a pilot. On March 18th, 1918, Jimmy passed the tests and graduated from flight school. He had hoped togo to France and fight in the war. The army, however, had him train other pilots. When the war ended, Jimmy chose to stay in the army.He thought this would give him a chance to combine his flying skills and his interest in engineering.For most of the years between World War One and World War Two, Jimmy Doolittle was involved in the growth of the airplane industry. He helped test new airplanes. He flew longer and longer distances.He also entered the world-famous air races of the time.On September 27th, 1993, the scientist, racing pilot, avia-tion pioneer and military leader Jimmy Doolittle died.1.Which of the following statements about Jimmy is NOT true?A.He was the first pilot to fly with his eyes covered.B.He held the record for the flying speed at one time.C.He was the first pilot that crossed America in less than 24 hours.D.He was the first pilot to fly only by using instruments to guide his airplane.2.What did Jimmy do during the First World War?A.He went to France to fight.B.He trained other pilots in the army.C.He became a boxing champion.D.He led the army to attack against the enemy.3.Why did Jimmy choose to stay in the army when the war ended?A.He liked the army very much.B.He wanted to train more pilots in the army.C.He thought the army could provide better salary.D.The army was a good place to combine his skills and interest.4.The last paragraph but one mainly tells Jimmy's _______.A.achievementsB.contributionsC.developmentD.strengths2、 One day,I received a call from a colleague.He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem,while thestudent claimed a perfect score.I was elected as their arbiter(仲裁人).I read the examination proble m,“Show how it is possible to d e-termine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).”The student had answered,“Take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower it to the street,and then bring it up and measure the length of the rope.The length of it is the height of the building.”The student had really answered the question completely,but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics.I suggested the student try again.I gave him six minutes to answer the ques-tion,warning that the answer should show some knowledge of phys-ics.Five minutes later,he said he had many answers and dashed off one,which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof.Drop the barometer,timing its fall with a stopwatch.Then,use the physical formula(公式)to calculate the height of the building.”At this point,my colleague had to accept it,and then the stu-dent made almost full marks.I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were.He listed many others,and then add-ed,“Probably the best one is to take the barometer to the admini s-trator and say to him,‘Sir,here is a fine barometer.If you tell me the height of the building,I will give it to you.’”Then,I asked the student if he really did not know the con-ventional answer to this question.He admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous allover the world.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.1.The student got a zero at the beginning because ________.A.the teacher wasn’t satisfied with himB.his answer wasn’t complete or correctC.the teacher didn’t fully understand his answerD.his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics2.We know from the passage that ________.A.the student knew the expected answerB.the administrator told Bohr the heightC.the author preferred Bohr’s last answerD.the teacher was a very stubborn person3.We can learn from the passage that ________.A.instructors can teach students how to thinkB.arbiters can help students to get high scoresC.students should be given more freedom in thinkingD.teachers should make students use physical formulas4.What was Bohr’s attit ude toward his schooling?A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Approving.D.Pessimistic.3 Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in theworld somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I wouldbe away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and Isent in all the paperwork needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, Ifinally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would begoing to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria?I had no idea. But I was about to find out.After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Thoughthe local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think Ilearned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.2.According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author _____.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends3.In his application for the volunteer job, the author _____.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced strong competition from other candidates4.On arrival at the village, the author was _____.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house5.What can we infer from the author’s experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.4、 What are American high schools like? Well, I'm happy totell you what I know.When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I d known about it earlier.Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted tomy new life and school.There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always havethe same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockersfor students to leave their books in, so that students do not haveto carry a heavy schoolbageverywhere.It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra and they are big and heavy,like bricks. For other classes,we only need binders(活页夹) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches uswhat is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn.Another difference between American schools and Chineseschools is that American schools care about students' morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.1.What was the writer sad for?A.He was late for school.B.He missed the trip at the beginning of school.C.He didn’t know anyone.D.American students looked down upon him.2.Why do students go to the basement of the teaching building?A.To attend class.B.To share a classroom.C.To have fun.D.To meet teachers.3.According to the passage, in American high schools, _______.A.you are likely to be kicked out if you cheatB.you'll be punished if you do not finish your homeworkC.students are better at schoolwork than Chinese studentsD.students care much about the grades they get5、 One year ago,I paid no attention to English idioms,though my teacher emphasized(强调) their importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing expe-rience.One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studyingEnglish, the foreigner seemed to be astonished.Gently shaking his head,shrugging his shoulders,he said, “You don’t say!” “You don’t say!” I was puzzled. I thought perhaps this was not an appropriate topic. I’d better change the topic. So I said to him, “Well,shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way,have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent. ’’ He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide.“The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it. So on I was interrupted again by his words “You don’t say!” I couldn’t help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well,I didn’t ask you to do so,” he a n-swered,greatly surprised. I said,“Didn’t you say ‘You don’t say! Hearing this,the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to ex-plain,“‘You don’t say! ’ actually means ‘Really! ’ It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms. " Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions. Remember: what the English teachers said is always right to us students.1.At first, on hearing “You don’t say!” I thought the foreigner meant __________.A.he was not interested in the topicB.he was only interested in the Great WallC.I had talked too muchD.I had to stop talking at once2.After the Englishman explained the idiom, _______.A.I felt proud of my understandingB.the Englishman made a fool of himselfC.I felt very sillyD.I became more careful in everything3.What does the writer try to tell us?A.When you are speaking to a foreigner, you should be careful.B.English idioms are important.C.Foreigners are hard to understand.D.Learning a foreign language is difficult.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The Englishman left China without seeing the Great Wall.B.The Englishman wanted to see the Great Wall after I talked about it.C.The Englishman wanted me to act as his guide.D.The Englishman visited the Great Wall and thought it worth visit-ing.6、An unlikely best friendOnce again, I was in a new schooL So was a girl in my class named Paris. That's where the similarities ended.I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. I was awkward(笨拙的) and shy. She wasn’t. I couldn’t stand her,considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends.One day, she invited me over and I said yes —I was too shocked to say no. Actually,no one had invited me over to play be-fore. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to see me.She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies—which was my next surprise. I would have thought she’d outgrown(长大而放弃)them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy sto-ries about the Barbies. That's when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations.We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws(下巴) ached from smiling so much. She showed me her outfits(外套), which had almost come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.Paris had the whole neighborhood charmed (使入迷). The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other's hous-es, and spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing and very surprising thing about making friends: your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.1.The writer and Paris were similar in that ________.A.they were both new studentsB.both of them were friendlyC.both of them were tallD.they were both the youngest in class2.In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl whowas ________.A.awkward and shyB.fashionable and proudC.quiet and lonelyD.friendly and lovely3.What did the writer learn from Paris?A.How to make best use of your neighborhood.B.How to dress and look fashionable.C.How to become a good writer.D.How to make friends.4.From the article,we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer ________.A.found she and Paris had more similarities than differencesB.was able to fit in at her new school with Paris' helpC.was not so awkward or shy as beforeD.learned more about fashion herself答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。

1．Events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes are all natural disasters. They are mostly related to the weather. Some are predictable ----like a hurricane. Some, like an earthquake, surprise us. It is necessary for us to learn about them, so we can be prepared!Flooding happens during heavy rains, when rivers overflow, when ocean waves come onshore, when snow melts too fast or when dams or banks break. Flooding is the most common of all natural disasters.Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Evaporation from the seawater increases their power.Hurricanes have winds at least 74 miles per hour. When they come onto land, the heavy rain, strong winds and heavy waves can damage buildings, trees and cars.Tornadoes are nature’s most violent storms. To rnadoes must always be taken seriously. Tornadoes can be very dangerous ---- sometimes even deadly. They come from powerful thunderstorms and appear as moving. Tornado winds can reach 300 miles per hour. They cause damage when they land the ground. They can damage an area one mile wide and 50 miles long.While thunder won't hurt you ----lightning will! So it's important to pay attention when you hear thunder. Thunderstorms happen mostly in summer and every thunderstorm has lightning. Lightning can strike people and buildings, which is very dangerous.Thunderstorms affect small areas when compared with hurricanes and winter storms. The typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes.A volcano is a mountain with a large opening at the top through which melting rock, steam, gases escape from time to time with violent force from inside the earth. When pressure increases, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening fill the air with small pieces. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, falling ash and floods, which is likely to knock down entire forests, cause floods and earthquakes. Fresh volcanic ash can cause damage to the lungs of older people, babies and people with respiratory problems.Terrible Natural Disasters76. Natural disasters 77. Hurricanes 78. Volcanic eruptions 79. Ocean waves 80. Heavy rain 81. Dangerous, even deadly 82. Trees and cars 83. A large area 84. People and buildings 85. Entire forests2．Different countries and different people have different manners . We must find out their customs , so that they will not think us ill-manners . Here are examples of the things that a well- educated person does or does not do .If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first . When the door opens , you will not move before the host says “Come in, please .” After you enter the room , you should not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat . When a cup of tea is put on a tea table before you or sent to your hand , you will say , “Thank you .” And receive it with two hands , not one hand , or they will think you are ill-mannered . Before entering a house in Japan , it is good manners to take off your shoes . In European countries , even though shoes sometimes become very dirty , this is not done . In a Malay house , a guest never finishes the food on the table . He leaves a little to show that he has had enough . In England , a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he had enjoyed it . This will make the host , especially the hostess pleasant .76. China 77. with two hands 78. with one hand79. Japan 80. take off 81. take off shoes82. Malaysia 83. leave a little 84. not leave /not 85. England3．In towns ,there were few bus shelters until about thirty years ago .Since then they haveappeared everywhere ,probably because most people no longer wear the kinds of clothes that protect them from the wind ,cold and rain .Country bus shelters have been with us for a good deal longer .Before the Second world War, many of them were paid for by rich local people ,often in memory of a member of their family .Some were well built and very attractive ,to fit in with the surroundings.By the 1870s public lavatories（厕所）were being installed （设置）all over Britain. Many of them , for gentlemen only ,were made of iron ,highly decorated and often in the shape of Indian or Greek temples .A little later ,in the 1880s ,more solid structures of brick or stone were being built ,with rooms for ladies and gentlemen. Some of these looked like cottages or medieval（中世纪）castles.Public drinking fountains are to be found everywhere . Most of them were built in the nineteenth century and some are very grand .The old type of drinking fountain was not very hygienic（卫生的）.It usually had an iron drinking cup ,fixed to a chain ,and everyone used it .Firstly ,they provided people with pure water to drink ,at a time when much of the drinking water available ,especially from wells and pumps ,was dangerous to health .Secondly ,they were memorials to local residents .Finally ,they were intended to persuade people to drink water ,instead of beer or spirits.76．Questions 77．Look like? 78．Bus shelters 79．from bad weather 80．Attractive 81．in the 1870s 82．iron, brick, stone 83．Drinking fountains 84．nineteenth century 85．very grand4．Most Americans have a city they like best. Over the years, American songwriters have described these feelings in music. More songs have been written about America's biggest city, New York, than about any other city. Many others dream about leaving their small towns to go there. They want to become rich and famous. Frank Sinatra sings about this dream in the most popular song written about New York.Almost three-million people live in the middle western city of Chicago, Illinois. It is now America's third largest city. It used to be the second largest city. So, of course, it needed its ownsong. Judy Garland sings the song, "Chicago, Chicago. "One of America's most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. In nineteen-sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called "Viva Las Vegas." Here is the song from that movie. It is sung by the group Z-Z Top.As we all know, one of the most beautiful cities in America is San Francisco, California. The most popular song about the city is called "I Left My Heart in San Francisco." Tony Bennett recorded it in nineteen-sixty-two. It sold more than three-million records.Many people love Los Angeles, California. It is now America's second largest city. Los Angeles is popular because the weather is warm and the sun shines almost all the time. Randy Newman sings about his feelings for the city in the song, "I Love L.A." Not everyone, however, loves Los Angeles. Some people do not like all the big roads around the city. They like living in a smaller place. A place like San Jose, California. Dionne Warwick sings about going back to this city. The song is, "Do You Know The Way To San Jose."76. Cities 77. California 78. Frank Sinatra 79. third largest. 80. Los Angeles81. "I Love L.A”82. beautiful 83. Tony Bennett 84. San Jose 85. Z-Z Top5．“Trick or treat, trick or treat! Give me something good to eat!” It is Halloween! Kids dressed in costumes, neighbors giving out candy! It is just an amazing holiday! This year I decided to be a black cat.The black cat is a sign of bad luck, but is also a sign of Halloween. Halloween began in the Mediaeval-years. A festival was celebrated in Rome and people walked in parades with masks and costumes. The people carved faces into pumpkins and lit them with a candle inside. These were thought of as to ward off all the evil and bad spirits. That is why people sell pumpkins everywhere during the Halloween season. Soon after the name of this festival evolved into what we call present day-Halloween!Every year in New York City, there is a huge parade, there are floats and people walk around in costumes. Some are animal featured, some are scary and spooky like the skeleton and some are funny like the clown. It is very fun!!!Some people have Halloween parties. Stores sell a variety of costumes; the most popular costumes are the witch, the ghost, many from the old movies. Many stores sell decorating accessories(附属品) like fake spider webs, real pumpkins and plastic ghosts. So, if you are a Halloween lover, you can turn your home into a haunted house! That is absolutely cool!76. Black cat 77. Making-ups 78.Ways of perform 79. Halloween parties80. celebrated in Rome 81. a huge parade82. some funny clowns 83.carved pumpkins84. selling pumpkins 85. selling decorating accessories6．New Year traditions all around the world“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each other over the next couple of weeks. But it wasn’t always January 1 that marked the New Year.At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields. This happened at the end of September.The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.Thailand has its specific New Year’s date; it’s different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On this day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Year’s Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.76. Egypt 77. Rome 78. Vietnam 79. Dates 80. March 23 81. April 13 82. holding a festival 83. enjoying auspicious food84. enrich farmers’ fields 85. represent a break7．ApolloFor lovers of the arts, Apollo is a truly necessary magazine. Covering the ages and the great civilizations of the world, Apollo brings you well-illustrated yet academic articles by internationally famous scholars, as well as information on exhibitions and sales. Experience five monthly issues for as little as ￡5 each.The Guardian WeeklyThe Guardian Weekly gives you a global view with articles from four of the world’s most respected newspapers. Read the news from different views and draw your own conclusions on the stories shaping our world. Try it for 3 months for just ￡15.55. Plus get a free copy of the Guardian Year 2003.New InternationalistFull of excellent writing and photography, the NI covers one key subject each month, from Terrorism to Poverty to Climate Change. Reporters from around the globe provide you with a comprehensive world view. PLUS: masses of fresh reports and stories to keep you up-to-date on world affairs. 3 months free and free World Map.The WeekThe Week is the only weekly summary giving you the best of the British and foreign newspapers in just 35 pages. Designed to be read in just 1 hour, it provides you with everything you need and want to know. Try The Week now with 13 issues for just ￡13.75. If you decide it’s not for you, just tell us within the first 6 weeks and you can get your money back.London WeeklyLondon Weekly is about the news happening in London this week. It can offer you the latest news. Try it for 3 months just for ￡12.5.76. Subjects 77.arts 78. The Guardian Weekly 79. news 80. weekly summery81. Not mentioned 82. The Week 83.￡13.75 84. London Weekly 85. London news8．Many animal and plant species have become extinct (灭绝的) and many more are in critical danger.DodoThe Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth biology. The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by human such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.RhinosThe Rhino (犀牛) horn is a highly priced item for Asian medicine. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most Rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves (保护区). Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers (偷猎者).The Giant PandaThe future of the Giant Panda is far from certain. As far as 1000 remain in the wild. The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals. However, the panda’s black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造成) one of the most serious threats to the animal’s continued existence.WhalesDespite the fact that one-third the world’s oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries (保护区), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have decreased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.TigersThe last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5000 and 7000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the Rhino horn, tiger’s bones and organs are sought after for traditional medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.76. The Giant Panda 77. Present situation 78. far from certain79. close to disappearing 80. endangered81. Reasons for/ Causes of decreasing 82. attacked by poachers83. threat from poachers 84. highly priced medicine 85. rich oil9．Each year there is an increasing number of cars as millions of new cars are produced in America. Americans will not live without cars! However, some have realized the serious problem of air pollution by cars. It is necessary to find ways to solve the problem of air pollution.One way to clean the air is to build a new kind of clean car. That’s what several of the large car factories are trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Engineers are now working on it. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that can please man.To prevent the world being polluted by cars, Americans have to make some changes in the way of their life. They have to cut down on the number of their cars and are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike. But this change does not close down—many workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. And the problem of their pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.Americans may live a happy but sad life for a long time because of the car problem.76. Cars 77. Air pollution 78. car engine 79. Cutting down80. by bike 81. Disadvantage 82. slow 83.practical model84. Workers 85. happy but sad10．Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the US or Australia. They also want their children to take extra-courses activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes that will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter.However, what most parents fail to see is that the best education they can give their children is usually very cheap.Parents c an see that their children’s skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today’s children lack self-respect and self-confidence.The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever.Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking , sewing and doing other housework.Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his jobsuccessfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of confidence.Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.76. Educating/ Teaching/ Bring up/ Cultivating/ Promoting 77. Generous/ Serious/ Devoted 78. take extra-course activities 79. investment/ cost/ expense80. Varied/ Different/ Various skills 81. self-respect and self-confidence82. Reasons for/ Causes of 83. take (multiple-choice) tests84. settle/ solve/ work out 85. teaching practical skills11．Two influential thinkers of the twentieth century have died. John Kenneth Galbraith, the economist, died on April twenty-ninth at the age of 97. Jane Jacobs, a defender of cities, died April twenty-fifth at the age of 89.Jane Jacobs believed cities should be densely populated and full of different people and activity. She believed in the value of natural growth. She opposed the kind of city planning thatinvolves big development and renewal projects that tear down old communities.She is best known for her book "The Death and Life of Great American Cities," published in nineteen sixty-one. Another book was "The Nature of Economies." Yet she never finished college. Jane Jacobs was an activist in New York City. Her work defeated a road plan to build a big highway through the Greenwich Village area.She was also against the war in Vietnam. She had sons almost old enough to be called for duty. In nineteen sixty-eight the family moved to Canada. But she remained a community activist. Soon she was fighting a road plan in Toronto.Jane Jacobs was born in the United States but lived and died in Canada. John Kenneth Galbraith was born in Canada but lived and died in the United States.Among his best-known books is "The Affluent Society," from nineteen fifty-eight. He wrote that American society had too many goods but not enough social services that show people care about each other. He warned about widening divisions between the very rich and the very poor. John Kenneth Galbraith believed in the power of government to improve lives. He believed in a system of progressive taxes, and in public support for the arts and government involvement in education. He also supported the idea of public ownership of housing and medical services. Experts say John Kenneth Galbraith and Jane Jacobs led many to question not only how and where they want to live and work. It also led them to wonder what kind of society they wanted to leave for their children.Title: The death of 76 _______________76. Two influential thinkers 77. Names 78. April twenty-ninth 79.Status80. Best-known books 81. The Affluent Society 82.road plan83. about widening divisions 84. the government’s power 85. Comments12．C ountries also use animals as symbols. From eagles to lions, manycountries use an animal to show its national spirit and character.The image of an eagle is on the US President's flag, and on the one-dollar bill. The bald eagle is a large, powerful, brown bird with a white head and tail.The US declared that the eagle was its national bird in 1782. It was chosen because of "its long life, great strength, and noble looks".But, one of the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin didn't agree with the choice. "The bald eagle...is a bird of bad moral character; like those among men who live by robbing" he argued. Franklin wanted the turkey as the country's national bird.If Americans chose their national symbol deliberately(人为地), the symbol of England arose out of history.King Henry I (1068-1135) was a brave warrior but also wise. He was the first English King to use a lion as a royal symbol, which is popularly known as the "king of the jungle". By the year Richard I, known as "The Lion Heart" for his bravery, came to the throne in 1189, the famous Three Lions badge had been formed. Now it can be seen on the shirts of England's sports teams.Everyone knows about the Australian kangaroo. Legend has it that the kangaroo gets its name from an early meeting between local aborigines and white settlers. When asked by the Europeans what these strange-looking animals were, a native replied "kangaroo" meaning, "I don't understand you."The kangaroo is an individualistic animal. Although it does gather in groups, the kangaroo is not a herd animal. If a group is attacked, individuals run off in different directions. Australians think the kangaroo represents positive values, such as individual responsibility and pride.76. National Symbols 77. Lion 78. The US 79. Australia 80. Large 81. Brave 82. Its long life 83. Noble looks 84. Its long history 85. Representing positive values13．Have you ever been frustrated (沮丧的) when left talking to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call?If yes, then here comes some good news. Scientists are now perfecting a way to recharge (充电) electrical equipment while on the move.Researchers from the Netherlands, France and Portugal announced last week that they have developed very thin solar panels (太阳能板) that can be put on clothes. They can also be added to furniture and rooftops. They change light from the sun into electricity.In about three years, you'll be able to wear a jacket that will recharge your phone as you walk. For camping fans, the development could lead to a tent which charges batteries all day so you canhave light or music at night.The basic technology of wearable solar panels is the same as that used for conventional (传统的) solar panels. Pairs of sheets of semi-conducting silicon (半导体硅) are linked together to form the panel.But scientists made them much thinner by using different silicon. At one micro-metre, they are the same thickness as photographic film."This technology will make it easier for people to use clean energy sources," said Gerrit Kroesen, a physicist in the Netherlands who led the team of scientists.But the thin panels are not as efficient as the thicker ones. While some solar panels now operate at an efficiency of about 20 per cent, the new flexible (柔韧的) panels are only 7 per cent efficient. But the scientists believe that this is worth accepting for a stronger and more useful panel.But the thinner panel is cheaper. An A4 sized panel put onto the back of a jacket costs less than US$13. It could charge a cellphone during a summer walk in the countryside. As long as you stay within range of the transmitting masts (发射天线) that relay a call to the networks, phones will never again run out of power.76. Recharging solar battery 77. Function 78. Semi-conducting silicon 79. Thinner 80. Flexible 81. Advantages 82. Clothes 83. Furniture 84. Countries of researchers 85. The Netherlands。

How Arts Promote Our Economy论艺术对经济的促进作用When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.一谈到艺术，大多数人会想到的是艺术的终端产品：一幅美丽的油画，一曲动人音乐，或是舞台上一场获奖作品的演出。

艺术团体给我们的社区会带来更大的价值。

但艺术给经济所带来的影响往往被忽略甚至被错误地解读。

The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art .艺术可以创造就业机会，从而推动经济的发展。

呈现给观众的任何一次演出的背后都会有一个团队：艺术家、专业技术人员、管理人员、乐队的伴奏以及动人作品的创作人员，这些人浩浩荡荡坐满了整整一个旅游大巴。

These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.这些人靠自己的专业知识和技能来养家糊口。