综合教程5课文与课文翻译

研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。

Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。

研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。

Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。

Unit6 Grant and Lee格兰特和李1865年4月9日，当尤利西兹·S·格兰特和罗伯特·E·李在弗吉尼亚州阿珀马特科斯县城一所不太大的房子的客厅里会面，商讨李所率的北弗吉尼亚军队投降条件时，美国人生活中一个伟大的篇章结束了，一个崭新的重要篇章开始了。

此二人是在实质上终止内战。

诚然，其他军队尚未投降，已失去主要支柱的逃亡的邦联政府仍将绝望地徒然挣扎数日，想法寻觅生机。

其实，在格兰特和李签署文件之时，一切都已结束。

他们拟定投降条件时用的那间小客厅成了见证美国史上强烈的戏剧性对照的场所。

这两位截然不同的将军都是强有力的人物，他们代表着两股相互冲突的力量的潮流，那两股潮流通过他们最终发生碰撞。

罗伯特·E·李所仰仗的信念是，古老的贵族观念或许能以某种方式继续存在下去，并左右美国人的生活。

李是弗吉尼亚州沿海低地人氏，他的生活背景是家庭、文化、传统……，是被移植到这个正在形成自身的传说与神话的新世界的骑士时代。

他体现了从骑士和英格兰乡绅时代流传下来的一种生活方式。

美国是个一切从头开始的国度，信奉的只不过是一种颇为模糊的信念，即人人拥有平等的权利，在世间应有平等的机会，如此而已。

在这样一个国度里，李代表着这样一种情感，即社会结构中保留一种明显的不平等多少有利于人类社会。

理应存在一个拥有土地的有闲阶级；反过来，社会本身应以土地为本，视其为财富与势力的主要来源。

（根据这一理想）这样一个社会会造就一个对社会有着强烈责任感的阶级，他们不是为自己获利活着，而是为了承担自己的特权所赋予的重大责任活着。

国家从他们中觅得领导人员；国家可依靠他们产生更加高尚的价值观念——思想方面的，行为方面的，个人风度方面的—以求国兴德盛。

李体现了这一贵族理想的最高尚的部分。

拥有土地的贵族通过他获得存在的理由。

四年间，南方各州拼死战斗，以捍卫李所代表的理想。

到后来，南部邦联似乎是为李而战；李本人似乎就是南部邦联……似乎是南部邦联所代表的生活方式能提供的菁华。

全大学英语综合教程5课文翻译1Unit1One Writer's XXX作家起步时1.我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。

母亲念书给我听。

上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。

冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，XXX自XXX发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。

想必我是不让她有一刻清静。

有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。

我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。

她念起故事来富有表情。

比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。

2当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。

不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。

还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。

3我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。

然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。

他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。

5多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的XXX。

书橱里有一整套XXX文集和一套不全的XXX作品集，这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。

6读摆在我面前的书，读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书，是我父亲小时候的。

书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。

我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。

那是XXX.戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书，可该书的扉页上并没有提及他；上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》，XXX.XXX著。

全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: The World of WorkPart 1: The Changing Nature of WorkThe world of work is constantly evolving, and it is important for individuals to adapt to these changes. In today's fast-paced society, the traditional notions of work are being challenged, and new opportunities are emerging. This unit explores the changing nature of work and its implications for individuals and society.1.1 The Traditional 9-to-5 JobTraditionally, work was often characterized by a 9-to-5 job in a fixed location. Employees would commute to an office or a factory, and their work would be structured around set hours. This model provided stability and a sense of routine for many individuals. However, with advancements in technology and globalization, this traditional model is no longer the only option.1.2 Flexible Work ArrangementsToday, flexible work arrangements are becoming more common. People have the opportunity to work remotely, choose their own hours, and even become self-employed. This flexibility allows individuals to better balance their work and personal lives. However, it also presents new challenges, such as the need for self-discipline and the blurring of boundaries between work and leisure.1.3 The Gig EconomyThe rise of the gig economy is another significant change in the world of work. In this model, individuals take on short-term or freelance jobs, often facilitated by online platforms. This provides them with more autonomy and the ability to pursue multiple income streams. However, it also means less job security and benefits compared to traditional employment.1.4 The Importance of Lifelong LearningWith the changing nature of work, the importance of lifelong learning cannot be overstated. Individuals need to continually update their skills and knowledge in order to remain competitive in the job market. This includes developing new technological competencies and adaptability to navigate future changes in the workplace.Part 2: The Impact of Work on Identity and Well-beingWork plays a significant role in shaping individual identity and overall well-being. How individuals perceive their work and the meaning they derive from it can greatly impact their satisfaction and happiness.2.1 Work as a Source of IdentityFor many people, work is not just a way to earn a living but also a source of identity and purpose. The type of work one engages in can be closely tied to personal values and ambitions. However, it is important to recognize that work should not be the sole determinant of a person's self-worth. Finding a balance between work and other aspects of life is crucial for overall well-being.2.2 Work-Life BalanceAchieving work-life balance is a constant challenge in today's connected world. The boundaries between work and personal life can easily blur, leading to increased stress and burnout. Employers and individuals need to actively promote strategies and policies that enable employees to have a healthy integration of work and personal life.2.3 The Pursuit of Meaningful WorkMany individuals strive to find work that is not only financially rewarding but also personally fulfilling. Meaningful work gives individuals a sense of purpose and satisfaction. This can be achieved by aligning personal values and passions with one's chosen career path.2.4 Work and Mental HealthThe relationship between work and mental health is complex. While work can provide a sense of structure and purpose, it can also contribute to stress and anxiety. Employers and society as a whole need to prioritize mental health support in the workplace and foster a culture that promotes work-life balance and overall well-being.ConclusionThe world of work is undergoing significant changes, requiring individuals to adapt and embrace new opportunities. The impact of work on identity and well-being cannot be underestimated. It is crucial for individuals, employers, and society to work together to create a more balanced and fulfilling work environment. By recognizing the evolving nature of work andaddressing its challenges, we can create a future where individuals find meaning and satisfaction in their careers.。

Unit1 我的习惯对于男性来说，妇女解放运动的好处之一是：男人不再需要在女性面前表现那些过时的礼仪了。

有一篇反映礼仪演变的文章说到，一个很能干的女人在公共场合不必再表现得像个模特似的不能自己照顾自己。

比如说，她上下汽车时并不需要帮忙。

文章的作者说：“女人抱着婴儿或是狗，每天要上下汽车二十次，即使在夜晚她们也可以轻松自如地自己走出汽车。

”该作者还说，在人行道上行走时，男人没有理由一定要走在女人的外侧。

“过去，男人总是走在内侧，从窗户里扔出来的垃圾，就由他来接。

而今天，人们认为男人应该走在外侧。

男人应该是想走哪边走哪边，女人也是一样。

假如真的是出于爱护和尊重，男性想要为女性挡住袭击，他还是应该走在里面，因为现在袭击者都是躲藏在里面的。

”从礼仪的角度来说，我以为自己一直是妇女解放运动的支持者。

多年来，我猜想自己是出于尊重吧，对女士们一直不肯用过时的礼节去麻烦她们。

遵照社会规则行事通常要比依赖个人喜好行事容易多了。

但是，今天的我们可以平安无事地打破这些规则。

比如，人们认为男人要在女人入座之后自己才能入座，而我总是恰恰相反。

前天晚上我就是这么做的。

我跟着服务员来到餐桌旁，她拉出了椅子，我很自然地一屁股就坐上去了，因为那正是我想坐的位置。

服务员走了之后，我妻子说：“你看，你又这样了。

”“我又哪样了？”我不解地问。

“你先坐下了。

”事实上，我想，穿过餐厅的时候我走在妻子的前面，要是我不坐那张椅子的话，才显得别扭呢。

毕竟是我先走到餐桌旁的呀。

还有，我一贯的做法是先上汽车，然后让女士自己上车。

出于爱心和尊重，作为男性的我一直坚持这一习惯。

在如今这种年代，车里面可能就躲藏着凶悍的袭击者。

要是让女士先上车，关上车门，使她陷于躲藏在汽车后座的坏蛋之手，那是根本不合适的。

Unit2一辆特别的出租车我的朋友杰克是位出租车司机。

我们成为朋友非常偶然。

五年前，我去了一趟芝加哥。

走出奥哈尔国际机场后我打了一辆出租车去希尔斯大厦。

Unit 3 LyingText A The Truth About Lying1. I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but oftenrather intolerant point of view about what we can —and can nevernever — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that Ican't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree?Social Lies2. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?3. Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"?4. Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids?5. Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the So-and-sos?6. And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm "instead of "The soup" —which tastes like warmed-over coffee —"is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?7. There's one man I know who absolutely refuses to tell social lies. "I can't play that game," he says; "I'm simply not made that way." And his answer to the argument that saying nice things to someonedoesn't cost anything is, "Yes, it does — it destroys your credibility." Now, he won't, unsolicited, offer his views on thepainting you just bought, but you don't ask his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those moments when the rest of us liars are muttering, "Isn't it lovely?" is, for the most part, eloquent enough. My friend does not indulge in what he calls "flattery, false praise and mellifluous comments." When others tell fibs he will not go along. He says that social lying is lying, that little white lies are still lies. And he feels that telling lies is morally wrong. What about you?Peace-Keeping Lies8. Many people tell peace-keeping lies: lies designed to avoid irritation or argument, lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies (or so it is rationalized) designed to keep trouble at bay without hurting anyone.9. I tell these lies at times, and yet I always feel they're wrong.I understand why we tell them, but still they feel wrong. And whenever I lie so that someone won't disapprove of me or think less of me or holler at me, I feel I'm a bit of a coward, I feel I'm dodging responsibility, I feel...guilty. What about you?10. Do you, when you're late for a date because you overslept, say that you're late because you got caught in a traffic jam?11. Do you, when you forget to call a friend, say that you called several times but the line was busy?12. Do you, when you didn't remember that it was your father's birthday, say that his present must be delayed in the mail?13. And when you're planning a weekend in New York City and you're not in the mood to visit your mother, who lives there, do you conceal —with a lie, if you must — the fact that you'll be in New York? Or do you have the courage — or is it the cruelty? — to say, "I'll be in New York, but sorry — I don't plan on seeing you"?14. (Dave and his wife Elaine have two quite different points of view on this very subject. He calls her a coward. She says she's being wise. He says she must assert her right to visit New York sometimes and not see her mother. To which she always patiently replies: "Why should we have useless fights? My mother's too old to change. We get along much better when I lie to her.")15. Finally, do you keep the peace by telling your husband lies on the subject of money? Do you reduce what you really paid for your shoes?And in general do you find yourself ready, willing and able to lie to him when you make absurd mistakes or lose or break things?16. "I used to have a romantic idea that part of intimacy was confessing every dumb thing that you did to your husband. But after a couple of years of that," says Laura, "haveI changed my mind!"17. And having changed her mind, she finds herself telling peacekeeping lies. And yes, I tell them too. What about you?Protective Lies18. Protective lies are lies folks tell —often quite seriouslies —because they're convinced that the truth would be too damaging. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied. They lie, not for personalgain, but because they believe it's for the good of the personthey're lying to. They lie to those they love, to those who trust them most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.19. They may lie to their children on money or marital matters.20. They may lie to the dying about the state of their health.21. They may lie to their closest friend because the truth about her talents or son or psyche would be — or so they insist — utterly devastating.22. I sometimes tell such lies, but I'm aware that it's quite presumptuous to claim I know what's best for others to know. That's called playing God . That's called manipulation and control. And wenever can be sure, once we start to juggle lies, just where they'll land, exactly where they'll roll.23. And furthermore, we may find ourselves lying in order to backup the lies that are backing up the lie we initially told.24. And furthermore —let's be honest —if conditions were reversed, we certainly wouldn't want anyone lying to us.25. Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies must nonetheless be told. What about you?Trust-Keeping Lies26. Another group of lies are trust-keeping lies, lies that involve triangulation, with A (that's you) telling lies to B on behalf of C (whose trust you'd promised to keep). Most people concede that onceyou've agreed not to betray a friend's confidence, you can't betray it, even if you must lie. But I've talked with people who don't want you telling them anything that they might be called on to lie about.27. "I don't tell lies for myself," says Fran, "and I don't want to have to tell them for other people." Which means, she agrees, that ifher best friend is having an affair, she absolutely doesn't want to know about it.28. "Are you saying," her best friend asks, "that you'd betray me?"29. Fran is very pained but very adamant. "I wouldn't want to betray you, so…don't tell me anything about it."30. Fran's best friend is shocked. What about you?31. Do you believe you can have close friends if you're not prepared to receive their deepest secrets?32. Do you believe you must always lie for your friends?33. Do you believe, if your friend tells a secret that turns out to be quite immoral or illegal, that once you've promised to keep it, you must keep it?34. And what if your friend were your boss — if you were perhaps one of the President's men — would you betray or lie for him over, say, Watergate?35. As you can see, these issues get terribly sticky.36. It's my belief that once we've promised to keep a trust, we must tell lies to keep it. I also believe that we can't tell Watergate lies. And if these two statements strike you as quite contradictory,you're right —they're quite contradictory. But for now they're the best I can do. What about you?37. There are those who have no talent for lying.38. "Over the years, I tried to lie," a friend of mine explained, "but I always got found out and I always got punished. I guess I gavemyself away because I feel guilty about any kind of lying. It looks as if I'm stuck with telling the truth."39. For those of us, however, who are good at telling lies, for those of us who lie and don't get caught, the question of whether or not to lie can be a hard and serious moral problem. I liked the remark of a friend of mine who said, "I'm willing to lie. But just as a lastresort — the truth's always better."40. "Because," he explained, "though others may completely accept the lie I'm telling, I don't."41. I tend to feel that way too.42. What about you?关于说谎的真相朱迪斯·维奥斯特我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题:关于说谎的问题。

Take This Fish and Look at It1 It was more than fifteen years ago that I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history . He asked me a few questions about my object in coming, my antecedents generally, the mode in which I afterwards proposed to use the knowledge I might acquire, and, finally, whether I wished to study any special branch. To the latter I replied that while I wished to be well grounded in all departments of zoology, I purposed to devote myself especially to insects.把这条鱼拿去好好看看我是在15余年前进入阿加西兹教授的实验室的，告诉他我已在科学学院注册读博物学。

他略略询问了我来此的目的、我大致的经历、以后准备如何运用所学知识，最后问我是否希望修习某一特别学科。

对最后一个问题我回答说，我希望自己在动物学各个领域都具有一定的基础，但特别想研究昆虫。

2 "When do you wish to begin?" he asked.“你想什么时候开始呢？”他问。

3 "Now," I replied.“就现在，”我回答说。