下载文档原格式
选修8 Unit 1 单词及课文详解△California 加利福尼亚（州）△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 illustration 实例插图图解Be illustrated with 有插图 - sth. 给书加插图阐明By way of -tion 作为说明 in -tion of 作为...例证distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinctive 独特的有特色的distinction n. 差别；区分cn；卓著优秀un.Distinguish between and :distinguish A from B -ed 杰出的以...著名Make a distinction between andMake no distinction 没有区别： without distinction with distinction 优异地△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存 - by 以..为生 - through 活过度过...熬过Live up to 实践原则誓言等做到 - down 改过自新生活忘掉过错strait n. 海峡=straits△Bering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的the Arctic 北极means n. 手段；方法by means of… 用……办法；借助 By all means 一定务必 by no means 绝不By this means 通过这种方式：in this way/ with this method/ in this manner by some means or other 想尽办法△prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数；大半 the - 做主语谓语动词单数各个成员可用复数The - of + 单数名词或pl. 谓语动词与名词保持一致In a - 占大多数 get a - 获得多数票 have a - 拥有多数Major minor minority -ity ...状态、性质ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责神职任期 the - of Defense Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）△adventurer n. 冒险家make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite prep. 尽管；不管hardship n. 苦难；困苦elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条percentage n. 百分比；百分率△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）- away from 不接近- back 阻止抑制 -... From 阻止免受伤害 - off 远离 - out 使不入内- up with 跟上 -an eye on 注视 - hold of 抓住 - a record of记载 - in touch with△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣（运动音乐）突然风靡的时期深沉的响声V. 轰鸣激增处于经济迅速发展时期-er=baby -er 生育高峰期出生的人 - town 新兴都市aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境racial adj. 人种的；种族的crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职nephew n. 侄子；外甥pole n. 地极；电极；磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生；出现有计划或无计划It -s to sb. To do/ that... 某人想到 -rencecattle n. 牛（总称）△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示back to back 背靠背luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪tram n. （有轨）电车apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地It is - to sb. That... 在某人看来显然...brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒小错误- off 迅速脱去衣服：- out of -on 迅速穿上 -out 被无意中说出- away 消失消亡 - up 犯错误疏忽△wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房；面包厂ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运△Angel Island 天使岛team up with 与……合作或一起工作hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用- sth. To ...租给 - ... From...向...租借租设备用hire 租房子：let/rent△fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的mark out 划线；标出……界线选定表明- down 记下减价给低分 - off 划出界限 -up 标高价格 - with 以..为标记- for life 留下终生的伤痕seagull n. 海鸥take in 包括；吸收理解欺骗- apart 拆开 -away 拿走 - back 收回- to 喜欢习惯 - on承担呈现雇佣 - over 接管-up 占据继续 -up with 和交往angle n. 角；角度a great/good many 许多；很多Many/many a/an / a great/good many/ more than one/ a good/large number of +pl.Much/ a good/great deal of/ a large amount of /amounts of+unA lot of/lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of/ plenty of/ a supply of/supplied of+pl./unAmounts of/ quantities of+un. 谓语动词用复数Many a(more than one)+单数谓语动词用单数apply for 申请；请示得到Apply 申请敷产生作用使努力- to do 申请做 - ..to..将...涂抹于- oneself to 专心从事 applicant application appliednowhere adv. 无处；到处都无△miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚justice n. 公正；公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 -er哀悼者 -ful 忧伤的 -ing n, 哀悼civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的authority n. 权威；权力 (pl)当局；官方reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会△thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的insert vt. 插入；嵌入 n. 插面广告挿入物 -ion 放入选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population （grow/fall; large/small）. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
精品备课：Unit1 Reading 知识点解析1．live on 继续存在，继续生存The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. (教材P1)这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了多年。
live on以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live through经历过；经历……而未死live by doing 靠做某事物为生live a．.. life 过着……的生活live up to遵从；履行；不辜负live with容忍；忍受Most of Asians live on rice.多数亚洲人以大米为主食。
She has lived through several terrible accidents.她曾经历过几次可怕的意外事故。
【对接高考】(2010·湖北高考)Had she ________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A．looked up to B．lived up toC．kept up with D．come up with【解析】句意：如果她履行了诺言，她就已经上耶鲁大学了。
根据句意live up to one's promise(履行诺言)符合题意，因此选择B项。
look up to 仰望，尊重；keep up with 赶上，与……保持同步；come up with 想到，提出(主意、观点等)，这三项均不合句意。
【答案】 B用上面短语的适当形式填空①Mozart is dead but his music ________.②My grandfather ________ both world wars.③We should work hard and try to ________ our parents' expectations.④The brave girl is learning to ________ her disability.【答案】①lives on②lived through③live up to④live with2．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。
英语选修八U1词汇单词△California 加利福尼亚（州）——→△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明★ 说明性◆ an illustrated textbook 有插图的课本illustrate sth with sth◆ His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. 他在演讲中使用了探险时拍摄的照片。
★ to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.（用示例、图画等）说明，解释◆ To illustrate my point,let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，让我来给你们讲个小故事。
◆ Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2. 图 2 显示了去年的销售数字。
★illustrate how, what, etc…◆ Here's an example to illustrate what I mean. 这儿有个例子可以说明我的意思。
◆ The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.这次事件说明了加强安全措施的必要。
★ illustrate that…表明…真实；显示…存在（to show that sth is true or thata situation exists ）拓展Referring to a chart, graph or table 描述图或表■ This bar chart ILLUSTRATES how many journeys people made onpublic transport over a three-month period.这个柱状图显示三个月期间人们乘坐公共交通往来的次数。
精品备课：Unit1 Using Language 知识点解析1．Not everyone is ________ and not everyone lives near the ________.(教材P6) 并非每个人是……，并且并非每个人住在……附近。
not everyone为部分否定，意思是“并非每个人都……”。
Not everyone likes this book.并非人人都喜欢这本书。
在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”意义的不定代词，如all，every(及everyone，everybody，everything，everywhere等)，both等，凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定，而是表示部分否定。
部分否定有两种形式：直接把否定词not 放在被否定词之前，或用not来否定谓语。
①not all...(或all...not)表示“并非都……，不是所有的都……”Not all men can be masters.＝All men cannot be masters.并非人人都能当头头。
Not all bamboo grows tall.＝All bamboo doesn't grow tall.并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。
②not...both(或both...not)表示“并非两个……都……”I don't want both the books.我不是两本书都要。
Both (the) windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都开着。
③every及every构成的复合不定代词的否定式，表示“不是每……都……”Every book is not educative.不是每本书都有教育意义的。
I can't catch everything in the book.我没有完全掌握书中的内容。
【提示】如果要表示全部否定，要用none，no，neither，nobody，nothing 等。
优质资料---欢迎下载Unit 1 Learning about Langage学习目标 1. 通过单句改错，复习课文中考查点2. 朗读新单词单词 3.阅读理解阅读材料 4.学习重点句式结构和核心词的基本含义。
学习过程活动目的及注意点Step I Read the New Words 复习重要考查点注意提前2分钟开始7mins①When the first people arrived in that we now know as California，no one knows.②However, Native Americans are likely living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，土著美国人有可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
③Two centuries later,the spanish settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of where we now call the U.S.④In the first Spanish to go to California, the majority was religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是…⑤Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite it is of great hardship.一些人死了或回家了,但是多数人不论多么艰苦，都留在了加州谋生。
名师总结：Unit1 知识点总结重点单词1.means. n. 手段；方法2.slavery. n. 受奴役的状态；奴隶制3.majority. n. 大多数；大半4.immigration. n. 移居入境；移民5.percentage. n. 百分比；百分率6.aircraft. n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机7.mix. vt. 混合；拌和n. 混合；结合8.mixture. n. 混合；混合状态；混合物9.nationality. n. 国籍；民族10.racial. adj. 人族的；种族的11.applicant. n. 申请人12.socialist. n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj. 社会主义的13.occur. vi. 发生；出现14.central. adj. 中心的；中央的；主要的15.indicate. vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示16.swap. vi&vt. 交换17.apparent. adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的18.apparently. adv. 显然地；显而易见的19.slip. vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n. 滑动；滑倒20.ferry. n. 渡船；渡口vt. 摆渡；渡运21.hire. vt&n. 租用；雇佣22.insert. vt. 插入；嵌入23.react. vi. 作出反应；回应重点短语1.by means of 用……方法；借助……2.in addition 而且3.declare war on ……向……宣战4.take in 包括；吸收5.a great/good many 许多，很多6.at various times 在不同时代7. make a life (for sb.) 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生8. keep up 保持；继续9.ger/have a good view of 好好欣赏……10.team up with 与……合作或一起工作11.mark out 划线；标出……界线要点探究1.means.n. 方法；手段[单复同]by all means 当然可以by means of 用某办法，借助于某物by no means/not by any means 决不；并没有（放于句首时，主句用部分倒装）by this means 用这种方法mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着……2.majority.n.大多数；大半；大多The majority of damage is easy to repair.The majority of criminals are non-violent.3.mix.vt. 混合，掺和；n.结合，混合（通常用单数）mix A and B 使A和B混合起来mix sth./sb. Up 弄错，弄乱；搞错mixed feelings 纷扰或矛盾的感情mixed doubles 混合双打mixture.n. 混合；混合物4.occur.vi.发生；出现；存在it occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想到干谋事。
高中英语Unit 1 课文重难点解析新人教版选修8Unit 1 课文重难点解析选修8Unit 1 课文重难点解析在新人教版选修8的第一单元中，有一篇名为《Health》的课文，本文将对该课文进行重难点解析。
本单元的课文以“健康”为主题，主要围绕人们如何保持健康展开论述。
下面将从课文的结构、语法、词汇、阅读理解和写作技巧等方面进行解析。
一、课文结构《Health》这篇文章共分为三个部分，分别是“Warming up”、“Reading”和“Language points”。
每个部分都有不同的设计和重点。
其中，“Warming up”部分通过与学生的互动帮助学生进入主题，并激发对健康话题的兴趣。
而“Reading”部分则是通过一篇关于健康的文章，让学生了解更多有关保持健康的知识。
最后的“Language points”部分对语法、词汇和阅读理解中出现的难点进行了总结和阐述。
这种结构使得学生可以在不同层面上掌握相关知识。
二、语法解析在这篇课文中，存在一些语法知识点，让我们一起来进行解析。
1.名词的复数形式在课文中有一句“Not only is it imp ortant to keep a healthy mind, but itis also important to keep healthy bodies.”，这里的“bodies”是“body”的复数形式，表示多个身体。
这提醒我们英语中的名词有单数和复数之分，需要根据具体情况使用正确的形式。
2.动词的时态在课文中有一句“Exercise helps to keep the heart healthy and prevents heart disease.”中的“helps”和“prevents”都是动词的第三人称单数形式，表示一般现在时。
这表明英语动词根据主语的不同需使用相应的时态形式。
3.形容词的比较级和最高级形式在课文中有一句“Exercise and a balanced diet are important, but sleeping well is even more important.”这里的“more important”和“even more important”表示比较级和最高级形式，用于进行比较。
Unit1 A land of diversity基础落实Ⅰ.高频单词思忆1.He has twenty head of (牛) on his farm.2.He has six pieces of (行李).3. (显然),she has lost interest in physics.4.She had the (不同) of being the first woman to swim the Channel.5.Please (投入) a coin in/into the slot.6.We’d better h a car for the weekend.7.Those a who want to get the job are required to present their resume this month.8.The health a are investigating the problem.9.Research i that eating habits are changing fast.10.They failed to g the importance of his words.cattle luggage apparently distinction insert hire applicants authorities indicates graspⅡ.重点短语再现1. 用……方法；借助……2. 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）3. 与某人合作或一起工作4. 包括；吸收5. 继续存在6. 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7. 申请；请示得到8. 背靠背9. 划线；标出……界线10. 许多Ⅲ.典型句式运用1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California atleast fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人很可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。
(1) likely 是指从外表、迹像上进行判断，有可能发生。
possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。
probable 的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。
(2)likely 既可以用人也可以用物作主语，常用句型是：It is likely that...或sb./sth.is likely to...。
(3)possible和probable都不能以人作主语，常用句型有：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that...;probable只能用It is probable that...句型。
2.Two centuries later,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.两百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国所在的西北沿海。
（1）此句中的of后面所引导的是一个宾语从句。
（2）what此时用作连接代词，在意义上译法非常灵活，可以指“…的东西”“….的人”“…的时间”“…的地点”等。
在句法中可以充当主语，宾语，表语，相当于定语从句的“先行词+关系代词”。
当主句和从句同时缺少主语、宾语或表语时才可以用what。
具体用法如下：1)指代“…的东西”，意为“什么；多少；所…的”相当于something that.What he said at he meeting astonished everybody present.2)指代“…的人”，意为“…的样子；面貌；状况”，相当的于the person that/who---In my opinion, you should owe your success mostly to your parents.---You are right. They have brought me up and made me what I am.3)指代“…的地方”，相当于the place thatA modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten yours ago.4)指代“…的时间”，相当于the time thatAfter what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life.3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture ofmany races and cultures.人们认为这种多国籍的融合是如此巨大以致于不久就不会有主要的种族或文化团体，而只是多元文化的融合。
(1)It is said/believed/thought/supposed/guessed/feared/reported/hoped/expected/concluded/announced/arranged that后接主语从句构成常用句型，此时，it是形式主语。
(2)“It is+过去分词+that-clause”句式可以简化为：sb./sth.is said/thought/believed/reported to do/have done/be doing sth.但是hope除外。
如：（1）It’s said that Robert is going to study abroad tomorrow.=Robert is said to study abroad tomorrow.（2）It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.＝The way people spend their holidays is reported to have changed a great deal in the past ten years.(3) It’s said that a new supermarket is being built here.=A new supermarket is said to be being built here.4.People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.被这里气候和生活方式所吸引的来自世界各地的人们也移民到了加利福尼亚。
句中的attracted by the and the lifestyle是过去分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词people 。
句子的谓语是immigrate。
导练互动重点单词1.meansScientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.观察思考Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。
All possible means have been tried.所有可行的方法都试过了。
This plan must be put into practice by all means.这个计划必须付诸实施。
Can you solve the problem by this means?你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？归纳总结means表示“方法，方式，手段”，其单复数同形。
当means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。
means一般用于以下搭配：by all means尽一切办法；一定；务必；（表示答应）当然可以by any means无论如何by means of用，依靠by no means决不；并没有（放到句首时，句子用部分倒装）by this means用这种方法即学即用(1)Today an airship is used as a means of advertising. (一种广告工具).(2)The burglars entered the house by means of (用) a ladder.(3) By no means (绝不) is this the first time you have been late.way/method/means/approach这几个词都表示“方法”，但表示“使用……方法”时，way与介词in搭配；means 与by搭配；method与with搭配。
表示“(做)……的方法”时，way后接of doing或to do；means和method其后接of doing；approach则与介词to连用。
We need a fresh approach to sports in education.我们需要用一种新的态度来看待体育教育。
Is there any way of contacting you while you are in Africa?你去非洲后有什么办法可以跟你联系？We are trying to develop new methods of pollution control.我们正在努力开发控制污染的新方法。
【即时应用】用means/method/way/approach的适当形式填空(1)The scientist is showing the________of scientific farming to the peasants.(2)A car is a________of transportation.(3)To scare a bird is not the________to catch it.(4)He thought of an efficient________to the study of English idioms.【答案】(1)method(2)means(3)way(4)approach2.majorityOf the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men,...观察思考The majority is/are doing his/their best.大多数人都尽心尽力。
