中国饮食文化和翻译

中国烹饪(Chinese cuisine)文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。

中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。

中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。

它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料(seasonings)的调制、切菜的刀功、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。

最负盛名的菜系有南方粤菜、北方鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。

Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure. This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of China. Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate. Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”.筷子(chopsticks)是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。

中国文化习俗段落翻译1. 中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。

而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

2. 在中国，小孩的满月酒（One-Month-Old Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old Catch）仪式独具特色。

小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿慢周岁的那天，有抓周到额仪式。

按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何的引导和暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

参考译文1.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.参考译文2: In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.春节贴年画（pasting New Year Print s）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神（Door Gods）的传统，随着木质雕刻品（board carvings）的出现，年画包含了更广泛地主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神——福神、薪神、和兽神（three Gods of Blessings, Salary and Longevity）,寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

中国文化习俗段落翻译1. 中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。

而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

2. 在中国，小孩的满月酒（One-Month-Old Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old Catch）仪式独具特色。

小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿慢周岁的那天，有抓周到额仪式。

按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何的引导和暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

参考译文1.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.参考译文2: In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.春节贴年画（pasting New Year Print s）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神（Door Gods）的传统，随着木质雕刻品（board carvings）的出现，年画包含了更广泛地主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神——福神、薪神、和兽神（three Gods of Blessings, Salary and Longevity）,寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

历史文化类（二）1. 中国传统节日中国传统节日traditional Chinese festival ★★★过节celebrate a festival ★★☆放假have a holiday / vacation ★★☆文化积淀cultural accumulation ★★☆文化凝聚cultural cohesion ★★☆记录社会文化生活record the moments of social and cultural life ★★☆节气solar term ★★☆季节变迁seasonal change / transition ★★☆公历历法solar calendar ★★☆地球绕太阳公转的周期period of the Earth’s revolution around the Sun ★☆☆农历历法lunar calendar ★★☆月球绕地球公转的周期period of the Moon’s revolution around the Earth ★☆☆农业生产agricultural product ion ★★☆科学指导scientific guidance / instruction ★★☆日常社会生活everyday social life ★★☆祭祀活动ritual / sacrificial activity ★★☆庆祝活动celebratory activity; celebration ★★☆春节the Spring Festival ★★★元宵节the (Spring) Lantern Festival ★★★清明节the Qingming Festival; Tomb-Sweeping Day ★★★端午节the Dragon Boat Festival ★★★七夕节the Qixi Festival; the Double Seventh Festival; the Chinese Valentine’s Day ★★★ 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival ★★★重阳节the Double Ninth Festival ★★★农历几月几日fall on the＋序数词＋day of the＋序数词＋luna r month ★★★追溯到date back to; be traced back to ★★★有……年历史have a history of XX years ★★★传说……According to legend, … / Legend has it that… ★★★为了庆祝in celebration of ★★★为了纪念in honour / memory of ★★★风俗习惯social customs and habits ★★★中国农历新年Chinese lunar new year ★★★腊月the twelfth month of the lunar year ★★☆正月the first month of the lunar year ★★☆迎接新年的到来welcome the arrival of the new year ★★☆除尘clean the house ★★☆沐浴更衣take a bath and put on clean clothes ★★☆理发have a haircut ★★☆祛除晦气和霉运get rid of one’s bad luck / ill-fortune ★★☆置办年货purchase necessities for the new year ★★☆招待亲朋好友entertain relatives and friends ★★☆烘托节日的气氛add an air of festivity ★★☆大年三十Chinese New Year’s Eve ★★★贴春联paste Spring Festival couplets ★★☆贴“福”字paste the Chinese character “Fu” ★★☆贴窗花paste window paper-cuts ★★☆吃团圆年夜饭have New Year Eve reunion dinner ★★☆看春晚watch the Spring Festival Gala ★★☆燃放烟花爆竹set off fireworks and firecrackers ★★☆辞旧迎新ring out the Old Year; ring in the New Ye ar ★★☆正月初一the first day of the lunar new year ★★★穿上新衣新鞋put on new clothes and shoes ★★☆祈求新的开始pray for a new beginning in life ★★☆新年贺礼New Year gifts / presents ★★☆走亲访友visit / call on relatives and friends ★★☆给……拜年give sb. New Year greetings ★★☆红包red packet / envelope ★★★压岁钱money given to children as a New Year gift ★★☆好运good luck / fortune ★★★长寿longevity ★★★ 幸福happiness ★★★喜庆场合festive occasion ★★☆灯会lantern show / exhibition ★★☆赏花灯appreciate colourful lanterns ★★☆猜灯谜guess lantern riddles ★★☆观看舞龙舞狮表演watch the dragon-lion dance performances ★★☆悠久历史文化time-honoured history and culture ★★★精神文化遗产spiritual and cultural heritage ★★☆全球化飞速发展的今天in this rapidly globalizing world ★★☆西方文化思想Western cultures and thoughts ★★☆过洋节celebrate the Western festivals ★★☆传统节日的传承inheritance of traditional festivals ★★☆弘扬中国传统文化carry forward traditional Chinese culture ★★☆传承中华传统美德inherit the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation ★★☆ 增强民族凝聚力e nhance / strengthen national cohesion ★★☆2. 中国饮食文化饮食文化food culture ★★★春卷Chinese spring roll ★☆☆汤圆tangyuan (sweet rice dumpling) ★☆☆青团qingtuan (sweet green rice ball) ★☆☆粽子zongzi (Chinese rice-pudding) ★★★月饼mooncake ★★★重阳糕Double-Ninth cake ★☆☆饮食习惯eating / dietary habits ★★★主食staple food ★★☆大米／水稻rice ★★★馒头steamed bun ★★★面条noodles ★★★农作物crop ★★★小麦wheat ★★★副食non-staple / subsidiary food ★★☆鸡肉chicken ★★★鸭肉duck ★★★鱼肉fish ★★★水果fruit ★★★蔬菜vegetable ★★★维持均衡的膳食maintain a well-balanced diet ★★☆摄取所需的营养obtain adequate nourishment ★★☆确保健康secure physical health ★★☆避免疾病avoid / prevent diseases ★★☆传统待客之道traditional hospitality ★★★菜品种类丰富a rich / wide variety of dishes ★★☆宴席feast / banquet ★★★凉菜cold dish ★★★开胃菜appetizer ★★☆味蕾taste bud ★★☆主菜main course ★★★热菜hot dish ★★★肉类meat ★★★家禽poultry ★★★海鲜seafood ★★★时蔬seasonal vegetable ★★★甜点dessert ★★★清淡食物light food ★★☆解油腻get rid of the greasy feeling after eating fatty / oily food ★☆☆ 助消化help / facilitate digestion ★★☆食材ingredient ★★☆烹饪风格cooking style ★★★菜系cuisine ★★★家乡菜hometown dish ★★☆八大菜系China’s 8 major regional cuisines ★★☆川菜Sichuan cuisine ★★☆鲁菜Sh andong cuisine ★★☆粤菜Cantonese cuisine ★★☆苏菜Jiangsu cuisine ★★☆浙菜Zhejiang cuisine ★★☆闽菜Fujian cuisine ★★☆湘菜Hunan cuisine ★★☆徽菜Anhui cuisine ★★☆特色菜speciality ★★☆色、香、味俱全a perfect combination of appearance, aroma and flavour ★★☆ 酸sour ★★☆甜sweet ★★☆苦bitter ★★☆辣spicy ★★☆咸salty ★★☆大厨chef ★★☆佐料seasoning ★★☆柴firewood ★★☆米rice ★★☆油cooking oil ★★☆盐salt ★★☆酱sauce ★★☆醋vinegar ★★☆茶tea ★★☆神农氏Shennong ★☆☆尝百草taste hundreds of herbs ★☆☆解毒clear away toxic materials; get rid of the poisoning effect ★☆☆茶馆teahouse ★★☆茶树tea tree ★★☆种植在山上plant on hills ★★☆茶叶的质量quality of tea leaves ★★☆得名于get name because… ★★☆浓郁strong ★★☆持久long-lasting ★★☆清淡faint ★★☆香甜sweet ★★☆唇齿留香f eel the flavour in mouth / on lips for a long time ★★☆修身养性cultivate moral characters ★★☆陶冶情操cultivate sentiments ★★☆去除杂念remove distracting thoughts ★★☆【补充词汇】1. 二十四节气立春spring begins ★☆☆雨水more rain than snow ★☆☆惊蛰hibernating insects awake n ★☆☆春分spring center ★☆☆清明clear and bright ★☆☆谷雨wheat rain ★☆☆立夏summer begins ★☆☆小满creatures plentish ★☆☆芒种seeding millet ★☆☆夏至summer maximum (solstice) ★☆☆小暑a bit sweltering ★☆☆大暑most sweltering ★☆☆立秋autumn begins ★☆☆处暑heat withdraws ★☆☆白露dews ★☆☆秋分autumn center ★☆☆寒露cold dews ★☆☆霜降frost ★☆☆立冬winter begins ★☆☆小雪snows a bit ★☆☆大雪snows a lot ★☆☆冬至winter maximum ★☆☆小寒a bit frigid ★☆☆大寒most frigid ★☆☆2. 中国传统节日黄金周golden week ★★★国家法定假日official national holiday ★★★烧香burning incense ★☆☆纸钱joss paper ★☆☆祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors ★★☆ 孔明灯Kongming lantern ★☆☆子孙后代offspring ★★☆纪念碑memorial tablet ★☆☆悼文memorial essay ★☆☆网上祭扫online tomb-sweeping ★★☆扫墓sweep tombs ★★☆扫墓者tomb sweeper ★★☆踏青spring outing ★★☆绿柳green willow ★★☆伟大的爱国诗人great patriotic poet ★★☆楚国the state of Chu ★★☆爱国主义patriotism ★★☆奉献精神dedication ★★☆不朽的著作immortal masterpiece ★★☆赛龙舟dragon-boat racing ★★★带香囊wear perfu med medicine bags ★☆☆鹊桥the bridge of magpies ★☆☆王母娘娘Goddess of Heaven ★☆☆银河the Milky Way ★★☆庆祝丰收celebrate harvest ★★☆拜月worship the moon ★★☆赏月enjoy the moon’s beauty; appreciate the full moon ★★☆合家团聚family reunion ★★★嫦娥奔月Chang’e Flying to the Moon ★☆☆登高／爬山mountain climbing ★★☆去除厄运dispel bad luck ★★☆去除恶灵dispel evil spirits ★★☆带来好运bring good fortune ★★★尊敬老人show respect for elders ★★★3. 中国饮食文化谷物grain ★★★面粉flour ★★☆面包bread ★★★糕点pastry ★★☆小吃snack ★★★菜谱recipe ★★☆菜单menu ★★★全鱼the whole fish ★★★汤soup ★★★美食家gourmet ★★☆餐具tableware ★★☆菜肴的装盘和摆放the layout and design of the dishes ★★☆ 佐料的搭配the blending of seasoning ★★☆调味的艺术the art of proper seasoning ★★☆烹饪艺术culinary art ★★☆煮boil ★★☆清蒸steam ★★☆ 清炒plain-fry ★☆☆油炸deep-fry ★☆☆ 烘培roast ★★☆刀工slicing technique ★☆☆烹饪餐具cooking utensil ★★☆饮料beverage ★★☆茶具tea set ★★☆茶壶teapot ★★☆茶杯teacup ★★☆茶托saucer ★★☆紫砂purple sand ★☆☆陶器pottery ★★☆瓷器porcelain ★★☆茶道tea ce remony ★☆☆食疗Chinese food therapy ★★☆食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food ★★☆4. 其它文化类词汇文化多样性cultural diversity ★★★多元文化社会multicultural society ★★★跨文化交流cross-cultural communication ★★★文化交流与合作cultural exchange and cooperation ★★★文化繁荣cultural prosperity ★★★东方文化Eastern / Oriental culture ★★★民俗文化folk culture ★★☆传统意识形态traditional ideology ★★☆丰富文化生活enrich cultural life ★★☆中国结Chinese knot ★★☆手工艺handicrafts ★★☆手工艺人handicraftsman ★★☆祈求好运pray for good luck ★★☆辟邪ward off evil spirits ★★☆中医traditional Chinese medicine ★★★针灸acupuncture ★☆☆穴位acupuncture point ★☆☆推拿medical massage ★☆☆拔火罐疗法cupping therapy ★☆☆理疗physical therapy ★☆☆医疗保健health care ★★★心heart ★★☆肝liver ★★☆脾spleen ★★☆胃stomach ★★☆肺lung ★★☆肾kidney ★★☆中草药Chinese herbal medicine ★★☆副作用side effect ★★☆切脉feel the pulse ★☆☆偏方folk prescription ★☆☆秘方secret prescription ★☆☆传统中国画traditional Chinese painting ★★★饮茶下棋drink tea and play chess ★★☆耕耘收割plough and harvest ★★☆织布缝衣weave and sew ★★☆砍柴采药cut firewood and gather herbs ★★☆吟诗作画compose poems and draw pictures ★★☆中国书画Chinese painting and calligraphy ★★★山水画Chinese landscape painting ★☆☆水墨画Chines e ink and wash painting ★☆☆汉字Chinese character ★★★文房四宝the four treasures of the Chinese study ★★☆ 笔墨纸砚brush, ink, paper and ink stone ★★☆中国传统体育运动traditional Chinese sports ★★★功夫／武术kung fu; Chinese martial arts ★★★自卫self-defence ★★☆国宝nation al treasure ★★☆太极拳Tai Chi; shadow boxing ★★★中国传统服饰traditional Chinese costume ★★★民族服饰national costume ★★★宽松长袍loose robe ★★☆女性美women’s beauty ★★☆时装秀fashion show ★★☆社交聚会social gathering ★★☆中国民乐Chinese folk music ★★☆乐器musical instrument ★★☆中国传统戏曲traditional Chinese opera ★★☆中国生肖Chinese zodiac ★★☆。

中国文化习俗段落翻译1. 中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。

而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

2. 在中国，小孩的满月酒（One-Month-Old Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old Catch）仪式独具特色。

小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿慢周岁的那天，有抓周到额仪式。

按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予任何的引导和暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

参考译文1.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness.参考译文2: In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics. On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion. On the day when a baby is one year old, there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch. According to Chinese traditional custom, nobody will give any instruction or clue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself. Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future career and development.春节贴年画（pasting New Year Print s）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神（Door Gods）的传统，随着木质雕刻品（board carvings）的出现，年画包含了更广泛地主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神——福神、薪神、和兽神（three Gods of Blessings, Salary and Longevity）,寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

中国饮食文化中菜肴的英译原则与方法摘要: 中国是一个饮食文化非常发达的国家,其菜肴名称丰富多彩,译者要了解每道菜的文化内涵,在翻译时才能精准地实现文化传播的目的。

本文浅析了中国菜肴的英译原则与具体翻译方法。

关键词: 中国饮食文化菜名英译原则具体方法一、中国菜名的英译原则1.对极具中国民族传统特色的菜,采用音译原则。

我国译者在翻译外国菜的过程当中,经常采用音译的方式。

比如,hamburger音译成“汉堡包”,sandwich音译成“三明治”。

这些音译的菜名保持了外国的饮食文化,有助于国人对外国的了解。

音译更能让外国友人了解中国菜的文化内涵,这对于加强中外文化交流是有利的。

就像我国已经接受了“麦当劳”和“肯德基”等西方快餐一样,中国的jiaozi,lo main,chow fan,tofu 等中国词汇已经被西方人接受。

因此在翻译此类名名称时,就可用音译,以保持原有风味特色和中国的文化特征。

西方国家一些中餐馆菜名音译以广东话发音基础,已成为约定俗成的用语,如炒粉(chow fun)、炒饭(chow fan)等,为西方人所接受。

为便于西方人理解,译者在翻译时最好沿用这些用法。

例如:牛肉炒粉(chow fun of beef)、扬州炒饭(Y angzhou chow fan)等。

2.音译加释义原则。

中国地域广阔人口众多,在长期的历史发展过程中,生活在不同的地域的人们逐渐形成具有本地域特征的饮食文化、烹调方法和菜肴口味,翻译这类展示地名类型的菜名时,译者可采用音译地名加上释义口味的方法进行翻译,这样可以让外国人更好地了解中国不同地域的饮食文化。

例如:湖南牛肉(Hunan Beef)thin slices of beef sautéed with black mixed vegetables in chef’s spicy hot pepper sauce 苏州熏鱼(Deep-fried Salmon,Suzhou Style)marinated salmon slices in the sauce of scallion,ginger,sugar after being deep-fried3.对菜名中包含原料的,采用直译原则。