学术英语视听说1听力原文

学术英语视听说1听力原文Lesson1、1-1-4Lecturer:Today, I am going to talk to you about one of the most im portant historical figures in European history-Napoleon BonaparteLet's start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and in military scienceWhen Napoleon was 16 years old, he joined the french army In that year, 1785，he began the military career that would bring him fame, power, riches, and finally, defeat. After eight years in the army, Napoleon became a general. He was only 24.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35，he became the first emperor of france.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield, but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35，he became the first emperor of france Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. his soldiers were ready to die for him. as a result, Napoleon won many military victories. At one time hecontrolled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria, fought fiercely against Napoleon His defeathis end- came when he decided to attack russia In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army .The great French conqueror died alone, deserted by his famil and his friends. The year was 1821，and Napoleon was only 51Lesson2、1-2-4Lecturer:The lecture for th is class is a b out the city of pom peii and the natural disaster that occurred there almost 2,000 years ago .Today many rich people w ho live in large m etropolitan areas such as beijing, Paris, and new york leave the city in the summer. They go to the m ountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. two thousand years ago, wealthy Rom ans did the sa me thing. They left the city of rom e in the summer. many of these wealthy rom ans spent their sum mers in the city of Pom peii, a beautiful city located on the bay of Naples, on the mediterranean Sea.In the sum mer of the year 79 Ce, a young rom an boy w ho later became a very fa m ous rom an historian w as visitin g h is uncle in Pompeii. The boy's name was pliny the younger.One day pliny w as loo king up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It w as a very large dark cloud. This b lack cloud rose hig h into the sky.What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount vesuvius. Rock and ash flew through the air. the city of Pom peii was at the foot of mount vesuvius When the volcano first erupted, many people were a ble to get out of the city and escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. U nfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanicash. The eruption lasted for about three days.When the eruption w as over, Pom peii w as buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. the city of Pom peii w as forgotten for alm ost 1,700 years.In the year 1748 an Italia n farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the an cient city of Pompeii. Soon, archaeologists began to dig in the area. as time went by, much of the a ncient city of Pompeii w as uncovered. today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the fa m ous city of pompeii. Lesson3、1-3-4Lecturer:I'd like to talk to you today about Steve Jobs. Jobs was someone who changed the world, because he changed the way people act every single day.Jobs was born in 1955. He grew up in California, in an area that later became known as the Silicon valley. When he was about 14 years old, hebecame friends with Stephen Wozniak Wozniak was what people in those days called an electronics whiz kid. He liked to design and build his own electronic equipment.In 1975，Wozniak started designing a personal computer. This at a time when nobody owned personal computers in their homes. Jobs was young. He was only 20. But even then he had a sharp business brain. Jobs convinced Wozniak that they could build these personal computers in his garage and sell them. a year later, Jobs and wozniak founded the apple computer Company, and started building and selling personal computers.When their apple ii computer went on the market in 1977，it became a huge success Suddenly there was a mass market for a computer that people could buy at a store and use sitting in their own homes The apple ll became the world's first mass produced personal computer, and by the age of 25，Steve Job was a millionaire.Jobs was brilliant in many ways, but he was not always very good at working with other people. He needed everything to be perfect, and this caused problems at Apple. In 1985，then, Jobs left Apple and started a new computer company and soon after he also went into business with a company called Pixar Pixar was a company trying to develop a system for using CGI-computer-generated imagery to be used in animated films And Jobs was just the person to help them.In 1995. Pixar released the movie tov story It was the first full-length, computer-generated, animated film. It was a big hit and Pixar became a very, very profita ble company and steve Jobs became a very, very rich man a billionaire in fact.In the 10 years after leaving apple jobs learned a lot about working with people and running a company. So when he returned to apple in 1995. he made many changes.Without Jobs, Apple was not doing so well. But Jobs had a also wanted them to be beautiful objects that people would e vision. He didn t only want personal computers to be useful, h enjoy looking at and using. In 1998，Apple introduced the imac a new desktop computer and the next year, the iBook, a new laptop computer. People thought both were very attractive and they immediately became very popular, and apple became profitable company again.But Steve Jobs wasnt finished. He had an even bigger vision He believed that personal computers would become the center the hub, of people's digital lives. So in 2001 Jobs introduced Apple's"digital hub"strategy He told the world that the computer would become the hub of all their electronic equipment. You could connect your camera, your music player and your video recorder to the computer and manage all your videos, photos, and music using iTunes, iMovie, iPhoto, and other apple programs, or"apps "Over the next 10 years, apple createdproducts that made jobs vision a reality. In 2001，the company introduced the iPod, which quickly became the most popular digital music player. In January 2007，Jobs introduced the iPhone and suddenly your phone became like a mini computer. It was like having an iPod, a camera, and a phone all in one device that you could hold in your hand. Then three years later he released the iPad onto the market. This really was a small, light computer that you could hold in your hand.And to use it all you had to do was touch the screen.Jobs'final vision before he died in Octo ber 2011 was Apple iCloud This is a system that allows apple users to store and manage their data and applications, not in their computer, but over the internet.Jobs may be gone, but there is no question that his vision lives on Jobs was someone who changed the world, not just for our own time, but maybe, who knows, for all time.Lesson4、1-4-4Lecturer:Let's talk a little today a out how roller coasters work and thephysics in volved in a ride on aroller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster Person ally, I don't ever want to ride on one again. When i was young, my sister took me on a roller coaster, and I never forgot that frigh te n in g experience.A simple roller coaster consists o f a frame with a track on it .The track is very much like a train track. Th is track goes over a serie s of hillsand around curves following a path that ends at the sam e p lace it started, a train of cars travels around on th is track, very fast. the cars have two sets of w heels. 0 ne set of w heels rolls on top of the track and the other set of w heels rolls below the track the w heels below the track are there to keep the fa stm oving cars fro m co m in g o ff th e track. Roller- coaster cars, as you prob ably know, d on't have any m otors or es In stead, a ch ain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepest, h ill. A nd th isis how the ride begin s then at the top of the hill, the ch ain com es off th e cars, and gra v ity takes over. Gravity pushes the cars dow n the other sid e of th e h ill. T he taller a nd steeper the first h ill is, the fa ste r th e rid e willbe, and the farther the cars willtrave l.As the cars roll downhill, they gain speed. When they reach the botto m of the first h ill, the cars have enough speed a d e nergy to send the m up the next hill. A s th e cars n ear the top of the second hill, they begin to slow down. but then, th e cars reach the top of th at hill and start down the other sid e, a n d gravity again pushes them tow ard the ground. T his process repeats on each hill.OK, so let's go over th is process a g ain. First, the cars are u led b y a ch ain up th e first, h ig h est h ill. Then they go d ow n a very steep slope At th is point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. a gain, w hen they reach the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to clim b the next h ill. T he roller-coaster cars lose energy as therid e contin ues so the hills have to be sm aller toward the end of the track F in ally, we roll to a stop on ground level, rig ht w here we began. Tom orrow we will talk about the forces that press on our bod ies and keep us in our seats w hen the cars of a roller coaster travel in a loop th at puts us up side down.Lesson5、1-5-4Lecturer:What I'd like to talk to you about today is child language development i know that you all are trying to learn a second language, but for a moment, lets think about a related topic:How children learn their first language What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability？Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are bom-even before they learn to speak. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring language The first stage begins a few weeks after birth. At this stage babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, at around four months they begin to babble Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. by the time they are ten months old however the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby inan English-speaking home.Babies begin a new stage of language development when they start to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an english speaking home may say"baba"for the word ball or" kiki"for These words are usually the names of things that are in the cat. In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words baby s environment, words for food or toys, for example.They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice cup and says "juice, the baby seems to be saying, I want more juice"or May i have more juice？This word juice is really a one-word sentence.The next stage of language acquisition begins around 18months, when babies begin to say two-word sentences. They produce what is called"telegraphic" gether. The babies use a kind of grammar to put words speech, meaning they leave out all but the most essential words. an English-speaking child might say something like"Daddy, up, which actually means"Daddy, pick me up, please. Then, between two and three years of age, children learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. In other words, they learn the rule for making the past tense of many verbs. The children begin to say things such as "I walked home" and"I kissed Mommy. They also overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a lot of mistakes.For example children often say such things as"i goed to bed"instead of"I went to bed, or"leated ice cream" instead of"I ate ice cream In other words, the children have learned the past-tense rule for regular verbs such as walk and kiss, but they haven t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs Some verbs like eat are irregular and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. anyway these mistakes are normal. The children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. They then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, it' s quite amazing how quickly children all over the world learn their language. It's also amazing how similar the process is for babies all over the world. You probably dont remember anything about how you learned your first language. But now that you' ve learned learning a first and secon d language may be similar and ss of something about the process, think about how the proc different. After class, why not make a list of some similarities and differences in the processes of child and adult lar learning. Then we'll talk about it next time we meed .Lesson7、1-7-4Lecturer:When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. However, that' s not always the case！Most robots do not look much like a human being at all.They look like machines, because that's what most of them are industrial machines. Today, I'm going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physicall demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring.Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory.For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. In a car factory, robotic arms on th assembly line join the parts of the car together Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. These robots are very precise when repeating a task. For example, they always tighten bolts with the same exac amount of force. They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be. and they always put a hole in the exact same place in every car door, hour after hour. These areexamples of robots doing the work humans could do, but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precisely.So, just how do robots work？To do its job, a robot first needs a control system. This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The control system of a robot is, so to speak, the robot' s"brain "So how does a robot "learn"which action to do first and which of its moving parts needs to do that action？The robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must use a handheld computer The computer is used to guide the robot's"arm and hand"through the motions it needs to do. Then the rob ot stores the exact movements in its computer memory. The robot has sensors to gather information. So now, the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The robot"tells"its moving parts what to do and then it performs the action. For example, to pick up and move a box, the robot first finds the box. next it decides the weight of the box. Then it decides how much force is needed to lift and move the box. and finally, it finds the correct place to put the box down. It repeats the process over and over until it is turned off It does the same job until it is given a new job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that rob ots of the future will be smarter than todays robots. They may also look more human like, or even animal-like. In fact, they may work and"think more like humans do. The industrial robots we've been talkin about so far today are automatic robots. They are known as automatic robots because they are programmed to follow a specific series of movements. Usually, they have parts that move, but they really don t travel around On the other hand, an autonomous machine can change its behavior in relation to its surroundings. For example, an autonomous robot with wheels or legs to move around can change direction when it senses that there is something in its way. arobot such as Hondas famous asIMo can detect the movements of people nearby. It can move to avoid bumping into someone coming toward it. asimo can even learn to dance by following themovements of a dancer next to it i don t know whether or when people will welcome autonomous machines or human-like robots. i guess that we will need to think about that in the robo-doctor, robo-teacher, robo-pet, or even our robo-Rriend future, Well need to think about how we will interact with or Think about that when you're doing your homework this evening. Would a robo-friend help you do your homework？。

大学英语视听说听力原文第一部分：听力材料一、对话A: Hey, what are you doing this weekend?B: I'm planning to go to the park with my family.A: That sounds like fun. Are you going to have a picnic?B: Yes, we're going to bring some sandwiches and drinks.A: That sounds delicious. I hope you have a great time.B: Thank you. I'm sure we will.二、独白三、新闻四、故事Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Emily. She lived in a small village with her family. One day, Emily found a lost puppy in the forest. She took the puppy home and took care of it. She named the puppy Max. Max became a part of Emily's family, and they loved each other very much. Emily and Max had many adventures together, and they were always happy.五、演讲Good morning, everyone. Today, I want to talk about the importance of education. Education is the key to success in life. It helps us to develop our skills and knowledge, and itopens up new opportunities for us. Education also teaches us how to think critically and solve problems. In today's world, education is more important than ever before. We need to invest in education and ensure that everyone has access to quality education.。

视听说听力原文第一册第一单元Track 1-1-9 P8 celebrity doubleA group of teenagers is standing outside a hair salon in Manchester, England. Many of them have cameras and are looking in the salon window. They want to see soccer player David Beckham. A man in the salon looks like Beckham (he has blond hair and Beckham’s good looks). But the man in the salon isn’t the famous soccer player. He’s Andrew Barn — a twenty-year-year-old hairdresser.Barn i sn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often stop him on the street and want to take his picture. Barn is a hairdresser, but he also makes money as a Beckham double. Barn travels all over Europe as David Beckham. Newspapers often take his photo. It’s an e xciting life for the hairdresser from Manchester. Today, many companies work with celebrity doubles. The most popular celebrity doubles look like famous athletes, pop singers, and actors. The companies pay doubles to go to parties and business meetings. Doubles are also on TV and in the newspaper ads.Why do people want to look like a celebrity? An Anna Kournikova double in the US says: ―I can make good money. I also make a lot of people happy.‖第二单元Track 1-2-5 p24 Travel tips for Thailand Thailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia, with something for every visitor. There is a lot for you to discover there. But before you go, you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are some tips.Firstly, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year, so you should pack sunglasses, T-shirts, and sandals with you.Secondly, you should buy your plane ticket early. Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation, and the planes are very full. Thirdly, the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast, so you should rent a car. Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool. Finally, and this is a very important tip, you shouldn’t take photos outside in the afternoon. It’s too sunny and bright! Remember these tips and you’ll have a great time there. Have fun in Thailand!第三单元TRACK 1-3-3 P40 A good athleteA good athlete is hardworking. He or she practices for many hours before every game. Athletes should also be competitive. They should always think about their team, and how to win. Good athletes are also independent. They practice alone, even when the coach isn’t there. They are very careful about their health, and they don’t do dangerous things. And they are very serious about their sport – it is the most important thing in their life!第七单元TRACK 1-7-9 P107 Exam stress: What can I do? Student: I’m an 18-year-old high school student in Seoul. In eight months, I’m going to take the university entrance exam. To prepare, I’m studying six hours a day. I want to do w ell, but I’m really stresse d these days. I can’t sleep. What can I do, Donna? Donna: Your problem is a common one for many students around the world. Here are some tips to help you. First, don’t do too much. Make a study schedule for yourself, but don’t s tudy too much in one day. You remember more by studying one hour each day for six days, than six hours in one day. Also, don’t study late at night, because we often forget information studied then. Second, take breaks and relax. You learn best when you study in two-hour blocks. Every two hours,take a break for 15 to 20 minutes. Go outside and walk. Exercise is a great way to reduce stress. It can also improve memory and help you sleep better a t night. Third, eat well. Don’t eat or drink a lot of sugar and caffeine. Eat foods high in vitamin B, for example, eggs, yogurt, green vegetables, tofu, and rice. These give you energy and help you think more clearly. Finally, get a study partner. Astudy partner can help you practice for the test. When you’re worrie d about the exam, you can talk to your partner. This can reduce stress, too.第二册第二单元Track 2-2-11 P27 World GreetingsIn Brazil, men often shake hands when they meet for the first time. When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek. Women also kiss male friends to say hello. When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes. This shows interest and friendliness.In New Zealand, usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time. If you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori. The Maori are the native people of New Zealand. This is their traditional greeting.In Japan, when people meet for the first time, they usually bow. In business, people also shake hands. In formal situation, people often exchange business cards. When you give a business card, give it with two hands. This is polite. Special note: In Japan, when people smile it can have different meanings. It usually means that the person is happy, or that the person thinks something is funny. But it can also mean the person is embarrassed.第三单元Track 2-3-4 P42 The Slow Food movement T oday our lives are busier than they were 10 or 20 years ago. For some people, this is a problem. They think we should slow down and enjoy life. The Slow Food movement was started to celebrate and support the local food traditions of the world. Its members don’t like fast food or instant foods because they think those foods are unhealthy.The Slow Food movement started in Europe, but now it is an international movement. There are more than 65,000 members in 45 countries. The Slow Food movement’s members think we need to slow down and appreciate delicious, traditional foods. They also believe in protecting the environment. In addition, they believe in supporting local farmers and their products.。

学术英语视听说1原文Unit4RollerCoastersLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster.A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A train of cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stopon ground level right where we began.。

Active Listening & Speaking IScript:Hi, my name is Rebecca Darnell, workforce service specialist with Contra Costa County, and today we’re going to discuss how to choose a career based on your personality. The first step is to really understand yourself and your own personality. Sometimes that’s easier said than done. There are a lot of different tools that you can utilize in order to really get a clear view or picture of your personality and your personality traits. A lot of times, our own self-assessments are not always as accurate as we think they are, so it’s important to get a clear picture of what types of things best describe you and your personality traits.They may be as simple as being an extrovert, which means that you are very social and enjoy being around people, versus an introvert, which would mean that you prefer to be more to yourself and in solitary situations. These types of personality traits are extremely important in determining what kind of career would be best for you because to be successful, you need to really be comfortable with yourself in the type of work that you’re doing.So just for an example, if you were to take a personality test and it determined that you are an extrovert, then it would be a good idea for you to look at jobs or different employment opportunities in social settings, potentially retail, or if you are to be a clerk or in a different job environment that allows you to interact with people and work in a team environment, and actually have a partnership with people where your work combined with theirs to make an end product. If that’s not something that you feel comfortable with, then you would want to explore other types of work. Possibly if you’re more of an introvert, you would maybe look at something along the lines of truck driving where you spend most of your time alone and you rely solely on your own skills and your own time frames and you really set your own schedule.So it’s important to take a look at how you fit into the job that you’re interested in because the happier you are and the better it fits with you, the more success you will have in your job search and in finding a job that’s going to make you happy.Notes1. end product: 最终产品，制成品2. time frame: 时间范围，期限3. fit into: 适应4. Contra Costa County: 康特拉科斯塔县，位于旧金山湾区的东部Active Listening & Speaking IIScript:Personality Affects Life after PresidencyWhen former president George W. Bush left the White House in 2009, he largely left the spotlight.However last year he worked alongside volunteers in Zambia to renovate a clinic that specializes in treating cervical cancer. Like other former presidents, Mr. Bush uses his fame to draw attention to issues, but says he prefers not to call attention to his own work.“I hope you don’t see much of it, because I don’t want to be in the news. In other words, I believe that quiet service is the best kind of service.”But former presidents have the ability to harness the public’s attention and goodwill. President Obama tapped Bush and former president Bill Clinton to lead a fundraising effort in 2010 after the earthquake in Haiti.“On behalf of the American people, I want to thank both of you for returning to service and leading this urgent mission.”Mr. Clinton has remained in the public eye since his presidency, pressing North Korea to release American prisoners, campaigning for his wife, Hillary Clinton, who ran for president in 2008, and founding the Clinton Global Initiative, or CGI. “CGI was designed to tackle big global challenges in bite-sized pieces.”But the elder Mr. Bush has little interest in pursuing that kind of high-profile work, preferring personal causes, says the director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Mark Updegrove. “It’s a relatively passive post-presidency. Of course, the most significant chapter in his post-presidency was when he became the father of the president of the United States.”“I think in many ways that the post-presidential activities of our former presidents are more reflective of their character than their years in office, which tend to be more insular in nature,” says Updegrove, the author of various books on the presidency.Former president Jimmy Carter’s work often focuses on health, human rights, and democracy promotion, including election monitoring. He says his life’s interests did not change when he left office back in 1981.“I would say, and I think my wife would agree, that the time we spent since the White House has been the most exciting and productive and adventurous and unpredictable and gratifying time.”Notes1. campaign for: 为……助选2. bite-sized: 很小的3. high-profile: 高调的4. in office: 执政，在位5. The Clinton Global Initiative(CGI), established in 2005 by President Bill Clinton, convenes global leaders to create and implement innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing challenges. CGI Annual Meetings have brought together more than 180 heads of state, 20 Nobel Prize laureates, and hundreds of leading CEOs, heads of foundations and NGOs, major philanthropists, and members of the media. To date, members of the CGI community have made more than 3,100 Commitments to Action, which have improved the lives of over 430 million people in more than 180 countries.6. The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum: Also known as the LBJ Presidential Library, one of 13 Presidential Libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. The Library houses 45 million pages of historical documents, including the papers of Lyndon Baines Johnson and those of his close associates and others. The Library was dedicated on May 22, 1971, with Johnson and then-President Richard Nixon in attendance. The current director is Presidential historian Mark K. Updegrove.Supplementary Listening & SpeakingScript:Personality & StressYou have been circling the parking lot for what seems like an hour trying to find a parking spot. You left home extra early so that you wouldn’t be late for your class again. Aha! You finally see someone pulling out of a parking spot. You put your blinker on and wait patiently, silently praising the parking gods for your good luck. Just as the person backs out of the parking spot, from out of nowhere, another car squishes around the corner coming from the opposite direction and quickly pulls into the spot that was clearly yours.Your mouth drops open.You can’t believe what just happened. How do you react? Does your personality play a role in terms of how you respond to the stressor? To a large extent, our personality predicts how we perceive and deal with stressors and those accompanying stressful emotions.And that brings me to the question —is it possible to change our personality? In order to answer that question, let’s examine just exactly what I’m talking about when I refer to personality.It is thought that personality is made up of four components: values, which are abstract qualities that give meaning to our lives; attitudes, perceptions derived from values; beliefs, thoughts, ideas and perceptions based on our attitudes and values; and behaviors, or actions based on our values, attitudes and beliefs.So going back to the question of “is it possible to change our personality?”, let me first ask is it possible to change any of these components? Is it possible to change our values, attitudes, beliefs or behaviors? Actually it is possible to change all four of these components. But there is one component that’s the most easily influenced. This is not to imply that it is easy to change but it is the least difficult component to change compared to the other three. And that is behaviors! We definitely can change our behaviors. In fact, behaviors are considered to be the least difficult to change compared to the other three components. It is a bit more difficult to change deeply-rooted values, attitudes and beliefs. Of the four compon ents the one that’s the most difficult to change is your values, many of which are instilled at a very young age.So going back to the question of whether or not we can change our personality, if we can change our behavior which is a component of personality, then technically, yes, we can change our personality to an extent. In a sense, learning to change your personality or one component of your personality is absolutely critical to effectively managing stress.Notes1. pull out of: 驶出2. pull into: 驶入3. put your blinker on: 打开你的闪光警戒灯4. back out of the parking spot: 把车倒开出车位。

Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter:New student?Janet:Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, please?Jane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double E?Janet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet:Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my room?Porter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing with?Porter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet:Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, Janet?Janet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark: Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy. Janet: What's in it?Mark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices. Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made with?Kate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cooked?Kate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starter?Janet: What's minestrone soup?Mark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious! Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: Waitress?Waitress: What can I get for you?Kate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark? Mark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carne?Mark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water. Kate: Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet: Any suggestions?Kate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownie?Mark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it made?Kate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is there?Kate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you have? Waitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie? Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doing?Janet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false? Mark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. True?Janet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired. Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark: I'm not sure ... True?Janet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going! Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so muchtraining in critical thinking.Kate: What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it. Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet: Why do you say that?Kate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some research?Kate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, please?Jacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold on?Kate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello? She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you back?Kate: Could you ask her to call me back?Jacky: Sure. Who's calling?Kate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your number?Kate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie? I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't she? Kate: Yes, how do you know her?Janet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline. Janet: Nightline?Kate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is it? I've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteer?Kate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's things?Kate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back later?Kate: Sure. What time?Abbie: Is three o'clock OK?Kate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student. Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works. Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills. Janet: Listening skills? What do you mean, listening skills?Kate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words.Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it going?Unit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it going?Becky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problem?Janet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know her?Kate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her?Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestions?Becky: Guys! You want to order?Mark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinos?Becky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows her? You could ask them to introduce you.Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, Janet?Janet: What's matchmaking?Kate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi? Whydon't you do that?Mark: No.Kate: Why not?Mark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...! Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy! Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her. Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yet?Girls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, Becky? Becky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny. Kate: You did it, you asked her out?Janet: When are you seeing her?Mark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child. Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are you?Mark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice.Kate: Any ideas?Janet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that.Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her.Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What else?Kate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more advice?Kate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, Mark?Kate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to order?Unit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particular?Mark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there.Kate: And what about you?Janet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street. Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help you?Kate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this one?Kate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors?Janet: What size do you take?Mark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small,though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger size?Mark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is it?Mark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt.Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet:Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dress?Kate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it on?Kate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing rooms?Assistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you think?Janet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size? Assistant: What size do you take?Kate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, then?Janet: OK. ... What do you think?Kate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card?Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't it? But I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else.Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arriving?Kate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a hand?Kate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parents?Kate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there?Janet: Sure. So who are you most like?Kate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do you?Kate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautiful?Rob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happened?Rob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, Julia? But they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he say?Rob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right? There's no real concern?Rob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderful?Rob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearby? I seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help you?Mark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation. Assistant: Going to ...?Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a return?Mark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September.Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not club?Mark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat? Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodation?Mark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights. Assistant: How many nights will you be staying?Mark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York.Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double room? Mark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfast?Assistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-out?Assistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card? You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US? We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August? And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th? After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yet?Mark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you going? Mark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term. Kate: Where are you staying?Mark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do there?Mark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plans? Mark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days.Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them. Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York Yankees? That's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends. Kate: And will you fly home from Chicago?Mark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matter?Janet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrong?Janet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write.Kate: Are you eating properly? I didn't see you at dinner last night. Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days.Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sick?Janet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutor?Janet: No! Why would I do that?Kate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor?Janet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms? Do you have a headache? Janet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctor? She'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests.Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problem?Janet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of that?Janet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social life? Janet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriend?Janet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university.Doctor: And are you eating properly?Janet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite food?Janet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there? Um, any worries about your work?Janet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisis?Janet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next week? In the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are you?Mark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guys?Kate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling? All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in? They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it. Janet:Shall we go inside?Mark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OK?Mark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban cars?Mark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution.Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion charge?Mark: Like in London?Janet: Do you think it would stop people driving into Oxford?Mark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight.Kate: You are? Good for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not.Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting go?Mark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk about?Mark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: Really? You know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment. Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry you?Janet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The ActionGroup really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help. Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it.Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now. Janet: What?Mark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me?Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right now? Janet: Sure.。

学术英语视听说1听力原文lesson15恐龙灭绝People have been fascinated by dinosaurs since they first started discovering their fossils. Dinosaurs lived around 200 million years ago, and were the dominant species on Earth. But, for some reason, these giant creatures eventually died out.For many decades, scientists have tried to explain the disappearance of the dinosaurs. One popular explanation isthat a huge asteroid hit the Earth 65 million years ago. This caused an environmental disaster that caused the death ofmost of the animal species on Earth at that time, includingthe dinosaurs.However, recent research suggests that this was not the only factor contributing to the extinction of the dinosaurs.In particular, geological evidence now shows that climate change over millions of years could have also played a role.It appears that, as Earth's climate changed, the environment was becoming less hospitable to dinosaurs. The dinosaurs were slow to adapt to the changing conditions,while their competitors—namely mammals—evolved more quickly. As mammals became increasingly successful, they competed with the dinosaurs for resources and eventually drove them to extinction.Scientists also believe that another key factor in the demise of the dinosaurs may have been disease. It appearsthat, as their population decreased, the dinosaur specieswere more vulnerable to disease. This further reduced their numbers, leading to their eventual demise.In addition, genetic evidence suggests that theextinction of the dinosaurs was not instantaneous. Instead,it appears that dinosaurs slowly died out over a span of several million years due to a combination of the factors discussed above.Ultimately, the extinction of the dinosaurs represents one of the great mysteries of the natural world. We may never know for certain why this incredible species disappeared, but researchers continue to work to uncover the truth about this ancient enigma.。

学术英语视听说1 lesson14 听力原文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Week at Summer CampHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my awesome week at summer camp last month. It was so much fun and I learned a ton of cool new stuff. Get ready for a long story because there's a lot to cover!On Monday morning, my mom drove me to Camp Wildwood which is about an hour away from our house. I was a little nervous since I had never been away from home for a whole week before. But as soon as I arrived, the counselors were really nice and helped me feel welcome. They showed me and the other new campers around the camp and explained all the different activities we could do.After dropping off my stuff in the cabin, we headed over to the lake for swimming lessons. I'm not the strongest swimmer yet, so I was in the beginners group. The lifeguards taught us how to float on our backs and tread water. It was hard work butI'm glad I practiced those skills. Later that afternoon, we had arts and crafts time where I made a cool tie-dye shirt.The best part of the day though was definitely campfire time at night. All the campers gathered around the fire pit and the counselors told spooky stories and taught us funny camp songs. We made s'mores too which was my first time trying them. So good! I had a hard time falling asleep that first night because I was too excited.Tuesday started with an awesome nature hike through the woods. Our counselor Jim pointed out different plants, birds, and animal tracks along the trail. He taught us tree identification by looking at the leaves and bark. After the hike, we had an outdoors cooking lesson over the campfire. We made hobo pies which are like little personal pies cooked in tinfoil with fruit filling inside. Delicious!In the afternoon, we went canoeing on the lake. I was a little nervous getting into the canoe at first because I thought it might tip over. But our counselors showed us the proper rowing technique to keep the canoe stable. It was harder work than I expected to paddle across the lake! That night after campfire, we had a stargazing session with a big telescope. It was amazing to see planets, stars, and galaxies up close.Wednesday was probably my favorite day. In the morning, we went on a rockin' climbing adventure! Camp Wildwood has this awesome rock climbing wall and high ropes course. After getting harnessed up, I conquered my fear of heights and made it all the way to the top. The view from up there was incredible. In the afternoon, we did some team building games and activities which helped me make new friends. At night, we had a talent show around the campfire where kids could sing, dance, tell jokes, or show off any other talents. I told a few of my favorite kid-appropriate jokes which got some good laughs.Things slowed down a little on Thursday. We had a relaxing morning learning about bird watching and identifying different species by sight and sound. Later on, we had a workshop on camping skills like how to pitch a tent, build a fire, read a compass, and other survival stuff. I feel ready to go camping in the wilderness now! That evening, we had an outdoor movie night on a big screen set up near the lake which was really cool.On my last day Friday, I was definitely feeling sad that camp was ending. We spent the morning packing up our stuff in the cabins and doing cabin clean-up duties. In the afternoon though, we had one final big event which was the Camp Wildwood Olympics! Campers were split into teams to compete in goofyevents like a three-legged race, water balloon toss, tug-of-war and more. My team was unstoppable and we won the gold medal!After the Olympics, we had one final campfire ceremony where they handed out awards and signatures to decorate our Camp Wildwood shirts and bandanas. I was honored to receive the "Camper of the Week" award which made me feel so proud. I'll never forget that incredible, adventure-filled week of learning new skills, conquering challenges, and making wonderful friends.So that's the full scoop on my summer camp experience, friends! I highly recommend going to sleep-away camp if you get the chance. You're guaranteed to have an awesome time exploring nature, trying new activities, and creating lasting memories. I'm already counting down the days until next summer when I can go back to Camp Wildwood!篇2My Big Adventure at the ZooLast weekend, my mom and dad took me to the zoo for my birthday! I was so excited because I love animals. We got up really early and packed a picnic lunch with sandwiches, fruit, chips, and juice boxes. The drive to the zoo took forever, or atleast it felt like it to me. I kept asking "Are we there yet?" every five minutes.Finally, we made it to the zoo entrance. I could see the huge sign with a picture of an elephant. My dad paid for our tickets and we went inside. The first thing I saw was the map showing all the different animal exhibits. There were so many! I didn't know where to start.We decided to head to the Africa section first to see the lions, zebras, and giraffes. On the way, we stopped to watch the sea lion show. The sea lions were so funny and did lots of cool tricks like balancing balls on their noses and jumping through hoops. One of them even waved at me!In the Africa section, we saw the most amazing animals. The lions were sleeping in the shade under a big tree. They looked very peaceful and fluffy. The male lion had a huge mane around his head that made him look like a king. I wouldn't want to make him mad though - those teeth were massive!My favorite was definitely the giraffes. They were so tall - taller than the trees even! Their long necks seemed to go on forever. One giraffe was sticking his giant purple tongue out to grab some leaves off a branch. I wanted to pet their spots but the sign said not to try to touch or feed the animals.Next, we went to the primate area to see the monkeys and apes. They were so funny, swinging from branch to branch and making lots of loud noises. Some of the smaller monkeys liked to pick bugs and leaves out of each other's fur. The gorillas were incredible - they looked so strong and powerful. One silverback gorilla was beating his chest which made the ground shake!After that, it was time for our picnic lunch. We found a nice shady spot near the duck pond to eat our sandwiches and rest our feet for a bit. I fed the ducks some crumbs from my chips which they seemed to love.Our last stop was the reptile house. To be honest, I was a little scared at first because some of the snakes looked really slippery and creepy behind the glass. But I was also fascinated by how they could unhinge their jaws to swallow huge prey whole. The crocodiles and alligators were pretty scary too with their massive jaws and teeth.My favorite reptiles ended up being the turtles. There was a really old, huge one that looked like it was smiling as it swam around its pond. The zoo keeper said some turtles can live to be over 100 years old! I also got to pet a smaller tortoise. Its shell felt hard but smooth, almost like a rock.After the reptile house, we were all getting pretty tired so we decided to call it a day. On the way out, I begged my parents for one last treat - a swirl ice cream cone from the snack stand. Cookies and cream for me, please!I had such an amazing day seeing all the cool animals up close. The zoo was so much fun that I can't wait to go back again sometime soon. Maybe next time I'll even get to feed a giraffe! I just hope nobody tells the lions where I live - those teeth were no joke.篇3Hi, my name is Timmy and I'm in 3rd grade. Today I want to tell you about what I learned in Listening Lesson 14 in my Academic English class. It was all about understanding different accents and pronunciation in English. Boy, was it interesting!First, we talked about how English is spoken differently in different countries and regions. My teacher said that even though English started in England, it spread all around the world as people moved and settled in new places. So now there are lots of different "accents" or ways of pronouncing English words.One accent we learned about was the British accent from England. The teacher played some recordings and it soundedreally fancy and proper to me. Like when they say words with an "a" like "can't" or "pants", they make it sound more like "cahn't" or "pahn'ts". They also don't pronounce "r" sounds as strongly as Americans do.Then we listened to some Australian English accent samples. That one sounded really relaxed and casual, kind of like a dude at the beach. They say "day" like "dye" and "no" like "nah". The Australian accent makes a lot of the vowel sounds higher too.The next one was from India and it sounded very melodic and musical to me. In Indian English, they really stretch out their vowel sounds and their accents go up and down a lot on different syllables of words. Like "hello" almost sounds like "helloooo". It's a very lilting accent.After that was the Jamaican accent from the Caribbean islands. That one was my favorite - it had such a fun, bouncy rhythm! The Jamaican speakers we heard kind of sang their words and dropped a lot of consonant sounds. Like "There" became "Dere" and "think" was more like "tink".We also covered the Southern American accent from states like Texas and Alabama. That drawling accent drew out a lot of vowels, like "I" became "Ahhhhhh" and "prize" turned into "prahhhhhz". The Southern accent speakers also tended to drop"g" sounds at the end of words like "going" (goin') and "reading" (readin').Finally, we learned about the Boston accent from Massachusetts. Boy, that was a tricky one! In the Boston accent, "r" sounds get added to words that don't actually have any "r"s! So "park the car" comes out like "pahk the cah". They also make the "a" really flat like the British do.After listening to all those different accents, we had to do some exercises identifying which accent we were hearing in short clips. I got most of them right because the different accents all sounded really distinct to me after practicing.My teacher said it's important to be able to understand all the different accents because English is a global language spoken by people all over the world. If you can't understand different pronunciations, then you'll miss out on communicating with a lot of people! She also said having an accent is totally normal and natural. As long as you can be understood, there's no accent that's "better" or more correct than others.I think my favorite part was hearing the fun rhyme about all the accents:"There once was a speaker from Mass,Whose accent would make your head ask -Was there an "r" carOr a kid named Marr?Who could nevah be sure, in that class!"I had such a good time learning about all the different ways to speak English in Lesson 14. Understanding accents helps me appreciate how diverse and far-reaching the English language is across the globe. I can't wait for the next lesson to learn more!篇4Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm going to tell you all about Listening Lesson 14 from my Academic English class. It was super interesting to me so I want to share what I learned.The lesson was all about understanding conversations between multiple people. The teacher said this is an important skill because in the real world, we often find ourselves in group situations where several people are talking at once. It can be really hard to follow along!We started by listening to a conversation between three friends deciding where to go for lunch. There were lots of suggestions being thrown around - pizza, Chinese food, that newburger place. I had to concentrate really hard to keep track of who said what and their reasons for wanting a particular type of food. The friends also interrupted each other a few times which made it even trickier.After listening, the teacher asked us some comprehension questions. Things like "Who suggested the pizza place?" and "What reason did Jessica give for not wanting burgers?" I got most of them right because I took good notes while listening. Writing down key words and details really helps me concentrate.Next up was a more challenging conversation - a family discussion about what to do over summer vacation. This time there were four people involved - mom, dad, and two kids. They were weighing the pros and cons of different vacation options like going to the beach, visiting relatives, or staying home and doing local activities.The hard part was keeping track of who preferred what option and why. The mom and dad had different priorities than the kids. And then the kids weren't fully agreeing with each other either! At one point they all started talking over each other and I got a bit lost. But I tried circling words like "I think," "My idea is," and "What if we..." to identify who was stating an opinion.When we discussed it as a class, I realized I had missed some key points about the dad's perspective. My teacher reminded me to always be listening for cues about each speaker's stance, like "My main concern is..." or "The best part would be..." Those signal phrases helped clue me into the main arguments.The final conversation was THE HARDEST! It involved a teacher and four students having a casual discussion about favorite books. With so many people, there was a lot of crosstalk and interrupting. Also, people would briefly mention book titles or authors without giving much context. So I'd be scrambling to write down vocabulary words I couldn't quite make out.For that one, taking notes wasn't as effective for me. I ended up having to listen for context clues about what book someone was referring to based on their opinion about the writing style, character descriptions, etc. The teacher said that for complex group conversations, that's a really important skill - making inferences from limited information.Overall, I learned that following group conversations requires intense concentration, active listening, and note-taking skills. It's something I definitely need to keep practicing. Maybe I'll ask my friends to have more multi-person chats when we hang out! I'll be the expert conversation-follower in no time.Whew, that was a lot of detail! But I really enjoyed that listening lesson and wanted to share all the tips I picked up. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇5Lesson 14: My Favorite AnimalTeacher: Good morning, class! Today, we are going to talk about our favorite animals. Let's start with you, Jenny. What is your favorite animal?Jenny: Good morning, everyone! My favorite animal is a dolphin. Dolphins are super smart and friendly. They live in the ocean and swim really fast. They can even jump out of the water and do tricks. I like watching videos of dolphins because they make me happy.Teacher: That sounds wonderful, Jenny! Dolphins are amazing creatures. How about you, Tim? What is your favorite animal?Tim: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a cheetah. Cheetahs are the fastest land animals. They have spots on their fur, which helps them hide in the grass. I love watching documentaries about cheetahs running and chasing their prey. They are so cool!Teacher: Great choice, Tim! Cheetahs are indeed fascinating animals. Now, let's hear from you, Sarah. What is your favorite animal?Sarah: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a panda. Pandas are adorable and cuddly. They are black and white, and they eat bamboo. I think they look like big teddy bears. Whenever I see a picture of a panda, I want to give it a big hug.Teacher: Oh, pandas are absolutely adorable, Sarah! They are loved by people all around the world. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Alex. What is your favorite animal?Alex: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a monkey. Monkeys are so playful and funny. They swing from trees and make funny sounds. I like watching videos of monkeys doing tricks and imitating humans. They always make me laugh.Teacher: Monkeys are indeed entertaining, Alex! They are full of energy and mischief. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Emma. What is your favorite animal?Emma: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a butterfly. Butterflies are so colorful and beautiful. They start as caterpillarsand then turn into butterflies. I love seeing them fluttering around flowers. They make me feel happy and peaceful.Teacher: Butterflies are truly magical, Emma! They bring joy and beauty to our surroundings. Thank you for sharing that. Now, let's hear from you, David. What is your favorite animal?David: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a lion. Lions are the kings of the jungle. They have a big mane and a loud roar. I like watching videos of lions hunting and protecting their pride. They are strong and brave.Teacher: Lions are majestic creatures, David! They are symbols of strength and courage. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Lily. What is your favorite animal?Lily: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a horse. Horses are elegant and graceful. They can run really fast, and they are good at jumping. I like riding horses and taking care of them. They make me feel free and happy.Teacher: Horses are magnificent animals, Lily! They have been our companions for centuries. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Ethan. What is your favorite animal?Ethan: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a dog. Dogs are loyal and friendly. They are our best friends. I like playing fetch with them and taking them for walks. They always make me feel loved and protected.Teacher: Dogs are indeed wonderful companions, Ethan! They bring so much joy and love to our lives. Thank you for sharing. Well, class, it was fantastic to learn about your favorite animals. Remember, every animal is unique and special in its own way. Let's appreciate and respect them all.篇6Lesson 14: Our Amazing Solar SystemHello, everyone! Today, we are going on an exciting adventure to explore our amazing solar system. Are you ready? Let's start our journey!Our solar system is made up of the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it. The Sun is like a big, bright ball of fire in the sky. It gives us light, heat, and energy. We should always remember to never look directly at the Sun because it can hurt our eyes.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It's a small, rocky planet that is very hot during the day and extremely cold at night. It takes Mercury only 88 days to orbit around the Sun. That's really fast!Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It's often called Earth's sister planet because it's similar in size. Venus has thick clouds that trap heat, making it the hottest planet in our solar system. Did you know that it spins in the opposite direction compared to most other planets?Earth is our home planet, and it's the third planet from the Sun. We are so lucky to live here! Earth has everything we need to survive – air, water, and beautiful landscapes. It takes 365 days for Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, and that's why we have different seasons.Next, we have Mars, also known as the "Red Planet." It gets its nickname from the reddish color of its surface. Scientists have sent many missions to Mars to learn more about it. Who knows, maybe one day we'll be able to visit Mars and explore it ourselves!Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It's so big that all the other planets could fit inside it! Jupiter has a big, redspot called the Great Red Spot. It's actually a huge storm that has been going on for hundreds of years. Isn't that amazing?Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings made up of ice and rocks. These rings make Saturn look like a giant with a fancy belt. It's truly a sight to behold! Saturn also has many moons, and some of them are even covered in ice.Uranus and Neptune are the last two planets in our solar system. They are both known as ice giants because they are made mostly of ice and gas. Uranus is a bluish-green color, while Neptune is a deep blue. They are very far away, and it would take a long time to reach them.Wow! Our solar system is full of wonders. From the scorching heat of Mercury to the icy beauty of Neptune, each planet has its own unique characteristics. Remember to keep exploring and learning about our incredible universe. Who knows what other mysteries we will uncover in the future?I hope you enjoyed our journey through the solar system. Until next time, keep reaching for the stars!。

Lesson 1Audio studioSteve Jobs is the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios. He is the largest individual shareholder in Walt Disney. His name is associated with innovative products like the iPod, iPhone and iTunes. He is a much respected corporate leader whose management style is studied worldwide. His attention to design, function and style has won him millions of fans.Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955. He became interested in computers when he was a teenager. In 1974, he got a job as a technician at the video game maker Atari. He saved enough money to backpack around India and then returned to Atari.Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Jobs guided Apple to become a major player in the digital revolution. The introduction of the iMac and other cutting-edge products made it a powerful brand with a loyal following. Jobs also enjoyed considerable success at Pixar. He created Oscar-winning movies such as Toy Story and Finding Nemo.In 2004, Jobs was diagnosed with a cancer. In April 2009, he underwent a liver transplant and his prognosis was “excellent.”His advice to aspiring young entrepreneurs is: “Y ou’ve got to find what you love.”Lesson 2Audio studioMaking the transition from high school to college life can be difficult. It is easy to become discouraged, overwhelmed and homesick. Here are a few tips that will make the transition to college life a little easier.Y ou Are in Charge of Y our TimeAlong with your newfound freedom at college comes responsibility. Being responsible involves being able to manage your time. Using a planner to help you stay organized is highly recommended. Y ou should also try to plan your coursework in advance, so you can determine what extracurricular activities you will have time for.It’s Important to Keep an Open MindWhen you first move to college, you’re going to be in a new place, handling new situations. So you need to keep an open mind. College isn’t just about learning facts and theories from textbooks.A large part of college involves learning how to be an adult.Home Is Only a Phone Call or Instant Message AwayIf going away to college is the first time you’ve been away from home for a long period of time, it’s natural to feel homesick. Don’t be pessimistic. And if things get too bad, home is only a phone call or instant message away.Unit 2Lesson 1Audio studioSearching the Internet may help middle-aged and older adults keep their memories sharp, according to a recent study. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, recorded the brain activity of people searching the Web and found that those with experience of the Internet used more of their brain during their searches. This suggests that simply searching the Internet has the effect of training the brain and keeping it active and healthy. Many studies have found that challenging mental activities such as puzzles can help preserve brain function, but few havelooked at what role the Internet might play. According to Dr Gary Small, a UCLA expert on ageing, this is the first time anyone has simulated an Internet search task while scanning the brain. Dr Small’s team studied 24 normal volunteers between the ages of 55 and 76. Half were experienced at searching the Internet and the other half had no Web experience. Both groups were asked to do Internet searches and book reading tasks while their brain activity was monitored. The team found that people who are familiar with the Internet can engage at a much deeper level of brain activity.Lesson 2Audio studioAt the dawn of the digital age, many believed that the Internet, e-mail, blogs and interactive video games would produce a generation of more intellectually sophisticated children. The terms “information superhighway” and “knowledge economy” ente red the dictionary, and it was assumed that teens would use their knowledge and understanding of technology to blaze a trail as the pioneers of this new digital age. That was the promise. But the enlightenment didn’t happen. The technology that was supposed to make young adults more intelligent, diversify their tastes and improve their verbal skills has had the opposite effect. According to recent reports, most young people in the United States do not read literature, visit museums or vote. They cannot explain basic scientific methods, recount basic American history, name their local political representatives or locate Iraq or Israel on a map. The Dumbest Generation, written by Mark Bauerlein, is a startling indictment of the intellectual life of young adults and a timely warning of its consequences for American culture and democracy.Unit 4Lesson 1Audio studioPaying for college in the US is about to get harder. Starting in July 2007, interest rates on new student loans will rise to 6.8 %, from today’s r ate of 4.7 %. And interest rates on new loans that parents take out called PLUS loans will rise to 8. 5%. The bottom line is that getting your degree is becoming even more expensive.On a $20,000 loan, students will be paying about $2,500 more over the life of the loan just in interest payments. And parents will have to put up $3,000 more.This is going to prevent a lot of young adults from living independently once they leave school. Many will be unable to pay off their credit card debt. Parents are also going to feel the pain because they will have to support their children for much longer, with the result that they may have to defer their own retirement.Lesson 2Audio studioThe financial aid package has just arrived in the mail from your dream school but with a slight problem－it’s still not enough. Where are you going to find the extra?One of the most common ways of paying for college is through scholarships and grants. Scholarships are usually awarded to students based on academic achievement or merit, while grants are usually based on other considerations, such as geographical location or financial need. Both are considered “gift aid” and do not have to be paid back after graduation. Another way topay for college is through federal loans, which often come in association with grants, scholarships and other aid that an institution awards potential students for a given academic year. Repayment of these loans does not begin until six months after the student has graduated or left school. If there’s nowhere else to turn, students can contact the college or university’s financial aid office. They will usually then be assigned a specific financial aid counselor to help them with their concerns or to secure additional resources to enable them to finance their college education. A college education should not be put on hold due to funding problems. However reluctant students and their parents may be to get into debt in order to finance higher education, they will surely find that it turns out to be an investment that pays off when the student enters the professional world and starts a career.Unit 5Lesson 1Audio studioAnimation is the art of creating a sequence of drawings, each so slightly different that, when filmed and run through a projector at 24 frames per second, the figures seem to move.Early animations, which started appearing before 1910, consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. It was extremely labor intensive as there were literally hundreds of drawings per minute of film.Walt Disney took animation to a new level. He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiére of Steamboat Willie in 1928. In 1937, he produced the first full length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.With the introduction of computers, animation took on a whole new dimension. Many feature films of today have had animation incorporated into them for special effects. A film like Star Wars by George Lucas relies heavily on computer animation for many of its special effects. Toy Story, produced by Walt Disney Productions and Pixar Animation Studios, became the first full length feature film animated entirely on computers when it was released in 1995.With the advent of personal computers, it has now also become possible for the average person to create animations.Lesson 2Audio studioThe rapid advance of technology has made computer animation widely available to the masses and turned animation into one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. The demand for animated entertainment has expanded with the increase in broadcasting hours by cable and satellite TV along with the growing popularity of the Internet. In the past, animation series were aimed at children aged nine and below. In recent years, however, TV stations have been producing animation series for teenagers, adults and the whole family. Animation series like The Simpsons and King of the Hill have been successfully aired on prime time TV.Major markets include the United States, Canada, Japan, France, Britain and Germany. Licensing operations for T-shirts, caps and other items have also been a major source of revenue for animation companies. In Japan, several successful computer games such as Pokemon and Detective Conan have been transformed into animated series. More broadly speaking, animation is increasingly used in video games, and movies are also increasingly reliant on animation and computer graphics special effects.Another key trend we are witnessing is the outsourcing of animation to Asia, especially by NorthAmerican film and television program producers. The major factor behind this shift continues to be the availability of powerful computer animation platforms and much lower labor costs compared to North America and Europe. The bulk of the outsourcing is for 2D animation, with some for 3D as well.Unit 7Lesson 1AudioGood communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personal and professional. But we communicate with much more than words. In fact, research shows thatmost of our communication is nonverbal. Nonverbal communication, or body language, includes facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even tone of voice. Much of the nonverbal information we receive from people comes from their eyes. This explains why it’s often hard to infer meaning from a telephone call or written words.The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that will help you connect with others, express what you really mean, deal with challenging situations and build better relationships at home and at work. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. All our nonverbal behavior — the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or how loudly we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we make —send strong messages. The ways you listen, look, move, and react tell the other person whether or not you care and how well you’re listening. The nonverbal signals you send either produce a sense of interest, trust and desire to communicate or they generate disinterest, distrust and confusion.Lesson 2Audio studioWhen you remain silent, you may still be communicating. It is true that you may not wish to say anything. But your very silence may reveal a wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved, which is the message which, consciously or subconsciously, you want to send. So it has rightly been said that, while we speak with our vocal organs, we converse with our whole body. All of us communicate with one another nonverbally as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we’re doing, such as when we give a thumbs-up sign to indicate that we approve. But most of the time we’re not aware of what we’re doing. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, shift uneasily in a chair. We assume that these actions are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language itself. They conclude that there is a whole range of body language, including the ways we move, the gestures we employ, the postures we adopt, the facial expressions we wear, the direction of our gaze, the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.Unit 8Lesson 1Audio studioEverybody feels down for a day or two. This sadness is a natural part of being human and feeling this way for a few days is normal. But if these feelings last for more than a couple of weeks andyou start noticing that it’s affecting your life in a big way, you may be suffering from an illness called depression.Depression, also known as clinical depression, is a mood disorder that will affect one in eight people at some point in their lives. It changes the way people feel, leaving them with mental and physical symptoms for long periods of time. Depression can be triggered by a life-changing event such as the loss of a job, the end of a relationship or the loss of a loved one, or other life stresses like a major deadline, moving to a new city or having a baby. While depression can affect anyone, at any time, it does seem to strike most often when a person is going through changes — changes like the loss of a loved one, starting university or the onset of an illness. One of the most important things to remember is that people who have it can’t just “snap out of it” or make it go away. It’s a real illness, and the leading cause of suicide.Lesson 2Audio studioMore than 16 million young people attend colleges and universities in the United States. According to the Suicide Prevention Resource Center, a fifth of college students experience a mental illness, and more and more students arrive on campus having received mental health services before starting their college careers. Also, increasing numbers of students are seeking help for emotional problems that occur after they arrive at college.College-age adults are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, in part because many mental health issues first emerge in the late teens or early 20s. Overall, an estimated 27 percent of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 have diagnosable mental health problems.According to a study of college freshmen, their feelings about their physical and emotional health hit record lows in 2001. For example, the percentage of freshmen who reported feeling that there was a very good chance they would seek personal counseling while attending college reached 6.6 percent. More than 35 percent of first-year female students reported feeling frequently overwhelmedby what they had to do, as did nearly 20 percent of first-year male students.。

研究生学术英语视听说教程听力原文《研究生学术英语视听说教程听力原文》Unit 1 Lecture 1Good morning everyone, and welcome to our first lecture on academic listening and note-taking. In this course, we will focus on developing your listening skills in an academic context, as well as improving your note-taking abilities.Today, we will start by discussing the importance of effective listening in an academic setting. As graduate students, you will be expected to attend lectures, participate in discussions, and conduct research in English. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to understand and process complex academic language.To improve your listening skills, it is important to actively engage with the speaker. This means maintaining eye contact, staying focused, and avoiding distractions such as texting or browsing the internet. It is also helpful to use strategies such as predicting the main points, identifying key vocabulary, and noting down any questions or uncertainties you may have.In addition, effective note-taking is essential for retaining and recalling the information presented during lectures. We will be discussing various note-taking methods throughout the course, but for now, I encourage you to practice writing down the main ideas and supporting details as you listen to the lecture.Finally, I would like to emphasize the importance of self-reflection and feedback in improving your listening skills. After each lecture, take some time to review your notes and identify any areas for improvement. Additionally, seek feedback from your peers and instructors to further enhance your listening abilities.I hope you find this lecture helpful, and I look forward to exploring various listening and note-taking strategies with you in the upcoming sessions. Thank you for your attention, and I wish you all the best in your academic pursuits.。

Uint1III. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. You‘re suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of –class student just like me.W:Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying with remembering, based on recent research into the brain.M: Aw, that stuff‘s old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. I‘m talking about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok, that dies sound different. Id ―Association‖a principle—you know, you connect what you want to remember with something you‘re familiar with?W: Right on! ‗Consolidation‖is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidate—or absorb—the new material into what I‘ve already learned.M: You‘re moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend I‘m going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. That‘s not the way. Follow the principle of ―Distributes Practice‖.Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well for you; you‘ve got a good memory. But what about me? I‘ve got a memory like a sieve.W: You‘re too modest. There‘s nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is likea muscle; it needs exercise. And don‘t forget it.While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly getting excellent marks, she says she read an article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, that is, creating a picture in one‘s mind of what is to be remembered. This reminds the man of the principle of ―Association‖, which means connecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Then the woman adds the principle of ―Consolidation‖, or reviewing one‘s notes after class and absorbing the new materia l into what one has already learned. When the man promise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of ―Distributed Practice‖, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over several days. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needs exercise.Task 2: You forget my toast!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, ―Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?‖Before the man left, she added, ―Why don‘t you write that down so you won‘t forget?‖―Nonsense,‖ said the husband, ―I can remember a dish of ice cream!‖―Well,‖ said the wife, ―I‘d like some strawberries on it. You‘d better write that down because I know your memory is failing.‖―Don‘t be silly,‖ replied the husband. ―There‘re only two things: a dish of ice cream and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!‖With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, ―Hey, you forget the toast!‖Keys: FTFFFTask3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are introduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer, learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that I t continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don‘t try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Don‘t allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating in that pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a person‘s name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his mane.1.What‘s seems to be an especially important way to stimulate one‘s memory?2.What seems to be the best way to focus your memory?3.How can you concentrate on a pen?4.How can you relax yourself according to the passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1A 2.C3. D 4.B 5.D。

Lesson 1Audio studioSteve Jobs is the co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios. He is the largest individual shareholder in Walt Disney. His name is associated with innovative products like the iPod, iPhone and iTunes. He is a much respected corporate leader whose management style is studied worldwide. His attention to design, function and style has won him millions of fans.Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955. He became interested in computers when he was a teenager. In 1974, he got a job as a technician at the video game maker Atari. He saved enough money to backpack around India and then returned to Atari.Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Jobs guided Apple to become a major player in the digital revolution. The introduction of the iMac and other cutting-edge products made it a powerful brand with a loyal following. Jobs also enjoyed considerable success at Pixar. He created Oscar-winning movies such as Toy Story and Finding Nemo.In 2004, Jobs was diagnosed with a cancer. In April 2009, he underwent a liver transplant and his prognosis was “excellent.”His advice to aspiring young entrepreneurs is: “Y ou’ve got to find what you love.”Lesson 2Audio studioMaking the transition from high school to college life can be difficult. It is easy to become discouraged, overwhelmed and homesick. Here are a few tips that will make the transition to college life a little easier.Y ou Are in Charge of Y our TimeAlong with your newfound freedom at college comes responsibility. Being responsible involves being able to manage your time. Using a planner to help you stay organized is highly recommended. Y ou should also try to plan your coursework in advance, so you can determine what extracurricular activities you will have time for.It’s Important to Keep an Open MindWhen you first move to college, you’re going to be in a new place, handling new situations. So you need to keep an open mind. College isn’t just about learning facts and theories from textbooks.A large part of college involves learning how to be an adult.Home Is Only a Phone Call or Instant Message AwayIf going away to college is the first time you’ve been away from home for a long period of time, it’s natural to feel homesick. Don’t be pessimistic. And if things get too bad, home is only a phone call or instant message away.Unit 2Lesson 1Audio studioSearching the Internet may help middle-aged and older adults keep their memories sharp, according to a recent study. Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, recorded the brain activity of people searching the Web and found that those with experience of the Internet used more of their brain during their searches. This suggests that simply searching the Internet has the effect of training the brain and keeping it active and healthy. Many studies have found that challenging mental activities such as puzzles can help preserve brain function, but few havelooked at what role the Internet might play. According to Dr Gary Small, a UCLA expert on ageing, this is the first time anyone has simulated an Internet search task while scanning the brain. Dr Small’s team studied 24 normal volunteers between the ages of 55 and 76. Half were experienced at searching the Internet and the other half had no Web experience. Both groups were asked to do Internet searches and book reading tasks while their brain activity was monitored. The team found that people who are familiar with the Internet can engage at a much deeper level of brain activity.Lesson 2Audio studioAt the dawn of the digital age, many believed that the Internet, e-mail, blogs and interactive video games would produce a generation of more intellectually sophisticated children. The terms “information superhighway” and “knowledge economy” ente red the dictionary, and it was assumed that teens would use their knowledge and understanding of technology to blaze a trail as the pioneers of this new digital age. That was the promise. But the enlightenment didn’t happen. The technology that was supposed to make young adults more intelligent, diversify their tastes and improve their verbal skills has had the opposite effect. According to recent reports, most young people in the United States do not read literature, visit museums or vote. They cannot explain basic scientific methods, recount basic American history, name their local political representatives or locate Iraq or Israel on a map. The Dumbest Generation, written by Mark Bauerlein, is a startling indictment of the intellectual life of young adults and a timely warning of its consequences for American culture and democracy.Unit 4Lesson 1Audio studioPaying for college in the US is about to get harder. Starting in July 2007, interest rates on new student loans will rise to 6.8 %, from today’s r ate of 4.7 %. And interest rates on new loans that parents take out called PLUS loans will rise to 8. 5%. The bottom line is that getting your degree is becoming even more expensive.On a $20,000 loan, students will be paying about $2,500 more over the life of the loan just in interest payments. And parents will have to put up $3,000 more.This is going to prevent a lot of young adults from living independently once they leave school. Many will be unable to pay off their credit card debt. Parents are also going to feel the pain because they will have to support their children for much longer, with the result that they may have to defer their own retirement.Lesson 2Audio studioThe financial aid package has just arrived in the mail from your dream school but with a slight problem－it’s still not enough. Where are you going to find the extra?One of the most common ways of paying for college is through scholarships and grants. Scholarships are usually awarded to students based on academic achievement or merit, while grants are usually based on other considerations, such as geographical location or financial need. Both are considered “gift aid” and do not have to be paid back after graduation. Another way topay for college is through federal loans, which often come in association with grants, scholarships and other aid that an institution awards potential students for a given academic year. Repayment of these loans does not begin until six months after the student has graduated or left school. If there’s nowhere else to turn, students can contact the college or university’s financial aid office. They will usually then be assigned a specific financial aid counselor to help them with their concerns or to secure additional resources to enable them to finance their college education. A college education should not be put on hold due to funding problems. However reluctant students and their parents may be to get into debt in order to finance higher education, they will surely find that it turns out to be an investment that pays off when the student enters the professional world and starts a career.Unit 5Lesson 1Audio studioAnimation is the art of creating a sequence of drawings, each so slightly different that, when filmed and run through a projector at 24 frames per second, the figures seem to move.Early animations, which started appearing before 1910, consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. It was extremely labor intensive as there were literally hundreds of drawings per minute of film.Walt Disney took animation to a new level. He was the first animator to add sound to his movie cartoons with the premiére of Steamboat Willie in 1928. In 1937, he produced the first full length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.With the introduction of computers, animation took on a whole new dimension. Many feature films of today have had animation incorporated into them for special effects. A film like Star Wars by George Lucas relies heavily on computer animation for many of its special effects. Toy Story, produced by Walt Disney Productions and Pixar Animation Studios, became the first full length feature film animated entirely on computers when it was released in 1995.With the advent of personal computers, it has now also become possible for the average person to create animations.Lesson 2Audio studioThe rapid advance of technology has made computer animation widely available to the masses and turned animation into one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. The demand for animated entertainment has expanded with the increase in broadcasting hours by cable and satellite TV along with the growing popularity of the Internet. In the past, animation series were aimed at children aged nine and below. In recent years, however, TV stations have been producing animation series for teenagers, adults and the whole family. Animation series like The Simpsons and King of the Hill have been successfully aired on prime time TV.Major markets include the United States, Canada, Japan, France, Britain and Germany. Licensing operations for T-shirts, caps and other items have also been a major source of revenue for animation companies. In Japan, several successful computer games such as Pokemon and Detective Conan have been transformed into animated series. More broadly speaking, animation is increasingly used in video games, and movies are also increasingly reliant on animation and computer graphics special effects.Another key trend we are witnessing is the outsourcing of animation to Asia, especially by NorthAmerican film and television program producers. The major factor behind this shift continues to be the availability of powerful computer animation platforms and much lower labor costs compared to North America and Europe. The bulk of the outsourcing is for 2D animation, with some for 3D as well.Unit 7Lesson 1AudioGood communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personal and professional. But we communicate with much more than words. In fact, research shows thatmost of our communication is nonverbal. Nonverbal communication, or body language, includes facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even tone of voice. Much of the nonverbal information we receive from people comes from their eyes. This explains why it’s often hard to infer meaning from a telephone call or written words.The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that will help you connect with others, express what you really mean, deal with challenging situations and build better relationships at home and at work. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. All our nonverbal behavior — the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or how loudly we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we make —send strong messages. The ways you listen, look, move, and react tell the other person whether or not you care and how well you’re listening. The nonverbal signals you send either produce a sense of interest, trust and desire to communicate or they generate disinterest, distrust and confusion.Lesson 2Audio studioWhen you remain silent, you may still be communicating. It is true that you may not wish to say anything. But your very silence may reveal a wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved, which is the message which, consciously or subconsciously, you want to send. So it has rightly been said that, while we speak with our vocal organs, we converse with our whole body. All of us communicate with one another nonverbally as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we’re doing, such as when we give a thumbs-up sign to indicate that we approve. But most of the time we’re not aware of what we’re doing. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away, shift uneasily in a chair. We assume that these actions are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language itself. They conclude that there is a whole range of body language, including the ways we move, the gestures we employ, the postures we adopt, the facial expressions we wear, the direction of our gaze, the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.Unit 8Lesson 1Audio studioEverybody feels down for a day or two. This sadness is a natural part of being human and feeling this way for a few days is normal. But if these feelings last for more than a couple of weeks andyou start noticing that it’s affecting your life in a big way, you may be suffering from an illness called depression.Depression, also known as clinical depression, is a mood disorder that will affect one in eight people at some point in their lives. It changes the way people feel, leaving them with mental and physical symptoms for long periods of time. Depression can be triggered by a life-changing event such as the loss of a job, the end of a relationship or the loss of a loved one, or other life stresses like a major deadline, moving to a new city or having a baby. While depression can affect anyone, at any time, it does seem to strike most often when a person is going through changes — changes like the loss of a loved one, starting university or the onset of an illness. One of the most important things to remember is that people who have it can’t just “snap out of it” or make it go away. It’s a real illness, and the leading cause of suicide.Lesson 2Audio studioMore than 16 million young people attend colleges and universities in the United States. According to the Suicide Prevention Resource Center, a fifth of college students experience a mental illness, and more and more students arrive on campus having received mental health services before starting their college careers. Also, increasing numbers of students are seeking help for emotional problems that occur after they arrive at college.College-age adults are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, in part because many mental health issues first emerge in the late teens or early 20s. Overall, an estimated 27 percent of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 have diagnosable mental health problems.According to a study of college freshmen, their feelings about their physical and emotional health hit record lows in 2001. For example, the percentage of freshmen who reported feeling that there was a very good chance they would seek personal counseling while attending college reached 6.6 percent. More than 35 percent of first-year female students reported feeling frequently overwhelmedby what they had to do, as did nearly 20 percent of first-year male students.。

新标准大学英语-视听说教程第一册Listening-in听力原文新标准大学英语-视听说教程第一册Listening-in 听力原文Unit 1 Starting outListening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Nowsometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top ofthe USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane rve heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at.Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend.Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of thesebad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine. Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story.Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 3 Learning to thinkListening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin rm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me.Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were.I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.Interviewer What kind of exercises?Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd also forgotten the names of a lot of things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that Iwanted to say. I had to repeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard.Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?Martin I could say three words. "Hi", "Yes" and "No". That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn't understand -1 had to learn their meanings all over again.Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three and a half months. When I got home I got a special computer programme that I worked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was a struggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's not that common, is it?Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week. That's very important, apparently.Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life?Martin What can I say? rm just grateful to have my life back.Passage 2Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a school in Rome that taught young children using methods that were very different from traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, is used in nurseryschools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the same place. Sothe children are calm and quiet as a result.Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy.Sarah No, definitely not...Interviewer Claudia?Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning. They choose what they want to do.Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short time and then leave them to work on their own.Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it?Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong.Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much"?Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by doing, so when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made ofsandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.Unit 4 Person to personListening inPassage 1John Are you packed?Mike Yup. Everything's there.John Sure you've packed your mobile?Mike r II look again, John ... yes.John Well, we've got another ten minutes before we need to leave, so we might as well relax. You know someone told me an amazing story yesterday about these Australians who got completely lost in some national park.Mike And don't tell me, they used their mobile to get help?John That's right!Mike So what happened?John Well, it was this guy with his son and niece -I think she was about 14 - and they were hiking in this really rugged country and they got completely lost - no idea where they were at all.Mike That's not going to happen to us.John No, it isn't. Anyway, the guy had his mobile and he phoned the emergency services —it wasn't dark yet - and they sent out a search party, but they couldn't find them. And then -this is the interesting bit - the guy sent photos of the place where they were.Mike I'd have thought of that.John Yes, well it's pretty obvious, really. And in the photos there were mountains in the background, and the staff at the emergency service centre were able to identify exactly which mountains they were. And they used the photos to pinpoint their location, you know, to get the exact location.Mike How did they do that?John They used mapping software.Mike Right.John Anyway, by then it had got dark and really freezing. So they slept behind this ridge and covered themselves with leaves. Andyou know what the young girl said afterwards? She said, "It was quite fun."Mike Really, wasn't she frightened?John I don't think so.Mike So - is there a happy ending?John Yes, well they sent out helicopters as soon as it was daylight and the helicopter hovered over the area, and the man kept talking to them till they were able to pinpoint his location. And when they finally found them they were only 400 metres away from where they'd expected them to be.Mike Amazing!John And that's because they'd moved 400 metres away from where they'd taken their photos because the ground was too rough to sleep on.Mike Incredible!John And the moral of the story is-Mike Always take your mobile phone with you when you go hiking.John And take one that has a camera.Mike Hey, I think we should go, John.John Yes, OK. You think we're going to get lost?Mike No chance, mate!Passage2Social networking - it's the 21st century way of having fun - online. And if you're under 40, you probably use a social networking site - maybe when you should be working. It's well-known that -. office workers spend up to two hours a day on a site, exchanging messages and photos. And do students ever do anything else? Different social networking sites are used by different age groups.For people in their 20s, the most popular site is Facebook, the online phenomenon started by an American student in 2004. It's taken only four years to make Facebook a huge success - and the website's made its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, a very rich man indeed.What's extraordinary about Zuckerburg is that he started Facebook when he was only 18. He was a student at Harvard, one of America's top universities, when he launched the Facebook website, working from his college room. In only two weeks, more than two-thirds of his college had signed up and in a year, thousands of colleges were using it. T oday, Facebook has millions of users. More than half of them visit the site at least once a day.So what makes Facebook so special? Like other networking sites, you create a profile with photos, you list your interests, you exchange messages and join groups of friends. But where Facebook is different is that it gives you a privacy that you just don't get on other sites. Unlike other sites, you have a lot of control over what users can see about you. As a result, one-thirdof Facebook users give out their mobile numbers - they know it's safe to do so.But you still need to be careful about what you think is safe to show people. One reason is that more and more employers are using Facebook to check out potential employees. Is the person you've just interviewed as good as he seems? Facebook can provide the answer. If a 26-year-old man says on Facebook that he's been travelling round the world for the last three years, and in his interview he said he'd been working in an office - well, he probably won't get the job.Unit 5 All you need is loveListening inPassage 1Interviewer So - tell us about how you first met.Amy How we first met... Oh, it wasn't very romantic.David I thought it was very romantic.Interviewer Why don't you begin at the beginning?Amy Good idea. Well, I was 22 and rd just left uni and I went on holiday to the French Alps with a girlfriend. And someone invited us to go climbing. But my friend got ill so I went without her. There was this group of about eight guys and two girls.David There were four girls.Amy Alright! Well, anyway, no one had told me that the mountain we were going to climb was - vertical - and that we were climbing with ropes! I was terrified, absolutely terrified, I just really hadn't expected it.David She was terrified! I noticed her immediately. She looked so scared -she was wearing this great hat ——but she was white as a sheet.Amy Oh, I don't know about that, but I remember I wasshaking all over. David came over and started talking to me and telling me how safe it was with the ropes. And he was so sweet, you know I think I fell in love with him right then.David Yeah, it was the same with me ... We roped up and I made sure I stayed next to her ... I kept talking to her and encouraging her.Amy It really helped. I think I would have fallen off the mountain if you hadn't done that.David Rubbish! You were perfectly safe. Anyway, we got to the summit —it was a kind of flat area - and Amy just collapsed - she couldn't stand up!Amy It's true, I couldn't. I felt -1 was just - everyone ignored me except David - everyone.David Quite a few people came to talk to you.Amy They didn't!David They did!Amy Well, you talked to me, and that's all that mattered.David Thank you!Amy So-David So we climbed back down the mountain.Amy which was just as bad -David and we headed for the nearest village and we both had huge pizzas.Amy I didn't eat a thing! I was still feeling too sick.David You did, you know.Amy You know, you have a terrible memory sometimes.David So do you! ... To cut a long story short, we got married six months later and went on a three-week honeymoon to Barbados. Amy Two weeks!David And we've lived happily ever after.Passage2Presenter And now let's move on to online dating, a way of meeting a potential partner that's becoming more and more popular.James O'Hanlan and Claire Goodall are two online dating experts who are going to give all you listeners advice about how to use online dating safely and successfully. James ...James OK. The first thing to say is, don't be nervous. A lot of people are and it's very understandable. But there's no need to be, provided you follow the rules, which we're going to tell you right now. Isn't that right, Claire?Claire Absolutely.James So, let's begin at the beginning. When you join an online dating site, the first thing you do is give some basic information about yourself. Now, don't be tempted to lie - about your age, for example. If you want a good relationship, you need to be honest. If you're not, you'll get found out and that could be painful.Claire Another thing - it's a good idea to use a photo, you'll get many more replies than if you don't.James But use a recent photo, not one that was taken ten years ago!Claire Let's move on to the next stage. You've had some responses 响应and chosen one or two people you'd like to chat with.Now, the most important advice here is, don't give out any personal information until you're 100 per cent sure you're that happy to do so. That includes your real name, your phone numbers, your workplace address and your email address. Use the email facility 设备at the website and only give out your emailaddress when you feel completely safe.James And email for as long as you want, it's a great way of getting to know a person. Then, the next stage is to talk on the phone. Now that's very revealing, because you'll hear the person's voice, and also because people have to be spontaneous on the phone - they can't think about what they're going to say for half a day, unlike emails.Claire Then, if you're feeling really comfortable, agree to meet. But always choose a public place. Don't go to someone's home.James A cafe or bar is the best choice.Claire And don't forget to tell a friend where you're going and what time you expect to be back. That's important.James Another good idea is to ask the same friend to call you during the meeting so that if you want to leave quickly you can say that something urgent's come up and you have to go.Claire That's everything! If you follow this advice you should be perfectly safe. And you may find the man -James ... or woman —Claire ... of your dreams!James & Claire Happy hunting!Unit 6 Shop fill you drop!Listening inPassage 1Speaker 1 ]Interviewer So, how are you enjoying yourself in St Petersburg? What's it like?Speaker 1 Oh, I think it is a very beautiful place.Interviewer What sort of... Is it good for shopping? What do you buy in St Petersburg?Speaker 1 Yes, there are things you should buy. Of course, vodka is very good here and the other thing very expensive is the caviar. It is beautiful. Then there are the dolls. What have do they say? Matrioshka dolls.Interviewer Matrioshka dolls. Those wooden dolls that go inside each other?Speaker 1 Yes, you take one out and open the top and there is another one. You take off the top and there is another. They get very very small inside. Very small.Interviewer OK.Speaker 1 And of course, the chess. Because they are very famous here in this part of the world to play the chess.Interviewer Yes. And what sort of shops are there? Where's it best to shop?Speaker 1 Oh, here there are very good department stores, where you can buy everything that you like, clothes and everything.And also, lots of small kiosks that are very unique 独一无二的,owned by different shopkeepers, you know. And they are all over St Petersburg. Little kiosks and also markets that are very good. And there is a very good museum shop at the museum - at the Hermitage Museum.Interviewer And what are the opening hours?Speaker 1 At the museum?Interviewer Well, all shops, generally. What are the opening hours ... for shopping?Speaker 1 Yes. Usually, they open at around 10 o'clock in the morning and I think they are open to 7 o'clock at night; sometimes even longer, to 8 o'clock.Interviewer And how do you, how do you actually buy things?How do you pay for things? I think, there is a slightly different way of。

学术英语视听说1原文In the era of globalization, the importance of academic English, particularly in the areas of visual, aural, and speaking skills, has become increasingly apparent. These skills are not only crucial for effective communication within the academic community but also play a pivotal role in enhancing cross-cultural understanding and proficiency. The integration of visual, aural, and speaking elements in academic English learning not only enhances comprehension but also fosters a deeper understanding of diverse cultural perspectives.The visual aspect of academic English, through the use of graphics, charts, and other visual aids, allows learners to process information more efficiently. This visual literacy complements traditional textual learning, making complex ideas and theories more accessible and comprehensible. For instance, in the field of science, where concepts can often be abstract and theoretical,visual representations provide a concrete framework for understanding and retaining knowledge.The aural component of academic English is equally important, especially in the context of international conferences and collaborations. The ability to understand and speak clearly in English is paramount in bridging cultural divides and ensuring smooth communication. This skill is further enhanced through the use of audio materials, podcasts, and online resources that expose learners to native speakers and real-world applications of the language.Moreover, speaking skills in academic English are crucial for presenting research, participating in discussions, and contributing to the academic discourse. By practicing speaking in English, learners not only improve their fluency but also gain confidence in expressing their ideas and perspectives. This confidence is further bolstered by engaging in cross-cultural communication, which exposes learners to diverse viewpoints and ways of thinking.The integration of these three elements – visual, aural, and speaking – in academic English learning is particularly beneficial for developing cross-culturalproficiency. As learners engage with visual aids, listen to native speakers, and practice speaking in English, they become more attuned to the nuances of language and culture. This enhanced awareness fosters a deeper understanding of diverse cultural perspectives, promoting tolerance and respect among individuals.In conclusion, academic English visual, aural, and speaking skills are integral to enhancing cross-cultural understanding and proficiency. By leveraging these skills, learners can not only communicate effectively within the academic community but also develop a broader understanding of global perspectives and issues. The continuous development and refinement of these skills are essentialfor fostering a culture of mutual respect and understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.**学术英语视听说与跨文化交流能力的提升**在全球化的时代，学术英语的重要性，特别是在视听和口语技能方面，已经变得越来越明显。

Unit 1 ■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 First Listening Answers Second Listening ScriptThe neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I would curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who would been visiting us said to me, “What is wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled and confused by her question. I would never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It had not, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they did not “ want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I had not a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Unit 2 Personality■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 ScriptEverybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes himthe long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bride - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle way of football, the World Cup, was rife with cheating,. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot. French player Henry—■Real World Listening ScriptMr.Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping downthe cherry tree?George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down. Mr.Washington:Isn’t this your axGeorge：That appears to be very si e? milar to my axe.Mr.Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around. Mrs.Washington:Oh,just drop it, and it’s only a tree.Mr.Washington: But it’s not the tree. We really need to find out if he’s being ho nestwith us. I won’t put up with lying, and he shouldn’t get you tocover up for him.George：I’m going to say this one more time: I didn’t chop down that tree—thecherry tree—and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time.Never!Mr.Washington: George, there’s no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair andclothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherrywood to me. How do you explain that? George：Well, it’s possiblethat I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner whichmight have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the momentyou asked me, I was thinking of w hat “chop” means and myaction didn't meet my definition of“chopping”, so I didn’t lie. Mrs.Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree, Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon. George: Thank you,Mom.We have stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 Lifestyle■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 Script:When she has young children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the schoolthings---room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, astay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type” chores such aslawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with twosquirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “no”. The reason the stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I’m dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don’t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I’m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn’t have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get u p and don’t feel like working I don’t.■Listening Task 2 ScriptI took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old .In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot binge drinking .When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That’s when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me .He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. Thebottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox and treatment were hard, but I was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I’ve b een clean now for five years, and I have a new life .■Real World Listening ScriptReporter: Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I’ve lost 20 IQ points in the public’s eyes. Use to your advantage though, I’m not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.Reporter: Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them.For peo ple like me ,it takes a while to do.I am tall,when I walk into a room,it’s like someone from the NBA showed up.Trying to find clothing that fits me is just not that easy.Reporter: How do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil, consider you now?Nancy:The response for me was really positive. we all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious ,those sorts of things .But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work .Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say,“what’s the issue? She’s just Nancy.”The whole transgender thing is well behind us.Unit 4 Family■Warm Up■Listening Task 1The traditional American family is a "nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children.In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. several generations may even live together. In America,only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions.Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear which toys to buy.Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.Even so, there is still reason for hope, many organizations are working hard tostrengthen families. American almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children.Families are going on vacations and outings together.Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their family solid.The United Nations has declared 1994 the "International year of family".not just in America,but all over the world,people recognize the importance of a strong family bond.Unit 5 Health and Diet Warm Up Script/Answers Listening Task 1 ScriptI had just turned 40,and had spent most of my adult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook . But a few years ago I made a resolution to start writing down the recipes I had grown up with and posting them to my website .I come from a big family –six kids-and thought what a terrific family project to document our family recipes !both my father and mother are excellent home cooks ,mom raises us all ,and dad loves to eat well and enjoy the experimentation of trying out new recipes .I am spending a lot of time with my parents lately ;we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to proper way to prepare the dishes ,and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort .Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we have collected over30years .but sometimes it is hard when you only a clipping. The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things, from cans or prepared foods .we believe in a varied , healthy diet ,using real butter ,real cream, eggs ,and protein from meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my name is Alice Bauer and I am a partner in a consulting firm in the san Francisco bay area. I maintain several weblogs in addition to Simply Recipes as part ofThanks so much for visiting Simply Recipes!■Listening Task 2 Real World Listening ScriptGrace: Welcome to “Let’s Get into Shape”! I’m your host, Grace Stockdale. Today our program is about 10-minute workout to keep fit. Today we have gabby Collins here to share her experience of fitness and answer listeners’ questions o n physical exercise. Thanks for joining us, gabby.Gabby: hi there! I’m very happy to share some time with you.Grace: so gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts- which target arms, stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape.Gabby: right, regardless of your level of fitness , they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You know, obesity raises the possibility of developing diseases.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.Listener 1: hello , gabby ,running is not my thing, so where should I start ?Gabby: if you’ve never been a runner, start by walking quickly for a minute and then alternate by jogging for a minute. Do this four minutes. If you are starting with a good level of fitness, jog for a minute and sprint for the other minute. Again do this for four minutes.Listener I : thank you ,gabby.Listener 2: hello, gabby. Each time after the exercise, I always feel stiff and sometime my muscles pull ,and it’s hard to start my next workout.Gabby: after any exercise you should stretch the muscles you have used the most. Stretching makes you feel more flexible.Listener 2: I see. I need some cool-down exercises.Gabby: sure. Let’s take an arm stretch as an example. Sitting cross-legged, raise your left arm and place your hand between your shoulder blades as if trying to reach your bottom. Now ,take your right hand reaching across the front of your chest and push the elbow of the left arm to increase the stretch. Hold for ten seconds and repeat on the other side.Listener 3: hello, gabby. How often should I do these exercise?Gabby: hum, it depends. My two workouts aim to do at least three sessions a week. Listener 3: hello, gabby. I …Review Units 1-5 Script Part 1 Part2 1. Sometime around the fourth grade, my ‘big’(often critical,judegmental) Grandma,who’d been visiting us said to me,” What’s wrong with you!Why don’t the other children want to play with y ou?” I remember being startled and confused by her question.I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children.Ithadn’t ,till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that t hey didn’t “want to play with “me. 2.Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way around, or the shop assistant who does not give the correct change, or police officer who accepts a bribe ----everybo dy’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake date, the game show contestant who cooperated with friend in the audience to with a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t rea lly a doctor at all. Everybody cheats;nob ody’s playing the game. 3. Every part of my life was messed up.I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. The b ottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my son. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center.4.Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families.Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life.They realize that problems in family in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a reselt,more and more people are making their family a priority.Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.5.Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pickfrom cookbooks,magazines,and newspaper it’s hard when you only have a clipping.The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things from cans or prepared foods. We believe in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream,eggs,and protein from meat,fish,and cheese. Part 3 1.Melanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail.I asked why and they said that I was wanted for bank fraud. I said “I neverdid that!”and they said“that’s something we’ve never heard before…tell itto the judge.”Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail? Nick: Yes, I certainly did.2.Mr.Washington:We’re not finished yet.Now I’m going to ask you directly. Didyou chop down the cherry tree?George: Well, it’s possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what “chop” means and my action didn’t meet my definition of “chopping’, so I didn’t lie.Mrs. Washington：this is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree. Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.3. Reporter: how do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil,consider you now?Nancy: the response for me was really positive. We all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious, those sorts of things. But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work. Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say, “what the issue? She’s just Nancy”, the whole transgender thing is well behind us.4. Mrs. White: what do you think is the most sensible choice for a woman in this newcentury? Should she return to being a house wife or combine career andfamily?Daisy: I think it is rewarding for a woman to have her own career or something else to do outside the home. Nowadays, many women are highly educated and they have enormous earning potential.Mrs. White:I think “being a full-time housewife” is a wise choice in this competitive world.5. Grace: So Gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts – which target arms,stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape. Grabby: Right, regardless of your level of fitness, they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You Know, obesity raises the possibility of developing disease.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.。

新视野大学英语（第三版）视听说教程1听力原文Unit 1 Traces of the pastListening to the worldSharingScriptsH = Hina; M1 = Man 1, etc.; W1 = Woman 1, etc.Part 1H: I have a busy social life. I go out most nights after work with friends. Last night, I went out for a meal with an old friend from university –it was really good to see her. Tell me about your social life. Do you go out a lotPart 2M1:I do go out quite a lot, yeah. I ... I like to go out to bars and I quite like going to friends’ houses and having dinner and things like that.W1: I like to go to the cinema and um, I think the last movie I saw was The Hangover–it was very funny.And ... and I like to go to the theater also.W2: No, we don’t go ou t a lot – um, possibly weekends. We go out for meals or something.M2: Not too regularly. Weekends. I play golf … um, socialize afterwards.W3: During the day we do. Er, in the evening, no, no. No, we don’t.W4: My friends and I like to go out quite a lot. We go clubbing; we go to discos.W5: Yes, I go out sometimes in the village. Er, we live ina small village, so a lot of our social life is in thevillage, so we go out to friends’ houses, go to parties, go tothe pub.W6: Um, not so much … but I like it a lot. I like to go to the theater, to the cinema, meet friends, eat out.W7: Sometimes I go out for a ... for a couple of drinks with some good friends, but ... um, not very often. A couple of times a month maybe.Part 3H: Did you go out last nightW4: We went to this club in Piccadilly Circus and we danced all night. We had a few drinks, but then mostly dancing.And there was (were) a few guys there and they were really cute and we, like, talked to them.W5: We had dinner in an Italian restaurant by Tower Bridge and it was lovely. We had a lovely evening of just loo king at the … the river and enjoying the view and enjoying lots of fun with the family.W6: Well, I went to the cinema –seeing the last Harry Potter film – ah, which I enjoyed a lot.And after wards I met some friends for a … for a drink in town.M2: We went to see, er, Mamma Mia! At the Prince of Wales Theater, and it was excellent.W2: We went to the theater. We saw a play by Tom Stoppard called Arcadia, which was extremely interesting and we enjoyed it very much. Afterwards, we went with friends for a meal. We had a Spanish “tapas” type meal, which was extremely enjoyable.W1: Um, last night I went to, um, Westfield Shopping Center, which is in the west of London and I enjoyed a delicious meal there.M1: Last night I went to a friend of mine’s house which is in south London and um, we went out and went to a fish and chipshop, bought some fish and chips and went home and had that with a beer in front of the television.ListeningScriptsI = Interviewer; B = BarutiI: Thank you for coming on the show, Baruti. We are all very interested to know more about your work. But, first of all, let’s start from the beginning. Um, where were you bornB: I was born in Johannesburg in 1962.I: Can I ask you about your childhoodB: Yes, of course. I was the fourth child in a very big family –there were 11 of us. My father was a teacher and my mother cleaned houses for rich people.I: Did you go to schoolB: Yes, I did. Education was very important to my parents.I: When did you decide to work with poor childrenB: When I was in school, one of my friends lost his parents. He had no family … um … no living grandparents, so he moved to a house for orphans. I visited him and when I saw his life there, I decided to work with orphans.I: When did you open your orphanageB: We opened it in 1996.I: WeB: Yes, my wife and I. We got married in 1990.I: And who’s your heroB: I’m glad you asked that –it’s Mother Teresa. I often think about her words: “I can do no great things, only small things with great love.”I: That’s very interesting. I have one more question: What’s your favorite bookB: Let me think about that. I like many books, but Long Walk to Freedom is one of my favorites. It’s the story of Nelson Mandela’s l ife in his own words.。

Lesson 1 NapoleonToday, I’m going to talk to you about one of the most important historical figures in European history: Napoleon Bonaparte. Let ’s start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old,he joined the French army. In that year 1785,he began the military career that would bring himfame ,power,riches and finally defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804, at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of the France.Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N.won many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat —“his end”came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.The great French conqueror died alone – deserted by his family and friends in 1821. Napoleon was only 51 years old when he died.=========================================================== Lesson 2 PompeiiThe lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A natural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Beijing, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Romans did the same thing.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P.. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V.. When the volcano first erupted, manypeople were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P . was forgotten for almost 1,700 years.In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P.. Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.===========================================================Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A trainof cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.======================================================== Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat I’d lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child language development. I know that you all are trying to develop a second language, but for a moment, let’s think about a related topic, and that is: How children develop their first language.What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability? Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to speak their first language. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring their language. The first state of language acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this stage, babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, around four months of age they begin to babble. Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age, and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. Now, by the time they are ten months old, however, the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babiesbegin a new stage of language development when they begin to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an English-speaking home may say ―baba‖for the word ―bottle‖or ―kiki‖for ―cat.‖In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby’s environment, words for food or toys, for example. They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says ―juice,‖to his father, the baby seems to be saying, ―I want more juice, Daddy‖or ―May I have more juice, Daddy?‖This word ―juice‖is really a one-word sentence.Now, the next stage of language acquisition begins around the age of 18 months, when the babies begin to say two-word sentences. They begin to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called ―telegraphic‖speech because the babies omit all but the most essential words. An English-speaking child might say something like ―Daddy, up‖which actually could mean ―Daddy, pick me up, please.‖Then, between two and three years of age, young children begin to learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. The children begin to say things such as ―I walked home‖and ―I kissed Mommy.‖They also begin toovergeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as ―I goed to bed‖instead of ―I went to bed,‖or ―I eated ice cream‖instead of ―I ate ice cream.‖In other words, the children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as ―walk‖and ―kiss,‖but they haven’t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like ―eat‖are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. Anyway, these mistakes are normal, and the children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually it’s quite amazing how quickly babies and children all over the world learn their language and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember anything about how you learned your first language during the early years of your life? Think about the process for a minute. What was your first word? Was it ―mama‖or maybe ―papa‖? Now think also about the process of learning English as a second language. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was ―mama.‖Now, think about some of the similarities anddifferences involved in the processes of child and adult language learning. We’ll talk about some similarities and differences in the first and second language learning processes tomorrow. See you then.===========================================================Lesson 7 RobotsWhen people think about a robot,they often picture a machine that look s something like a human being.However,that’s not always the case.Mo st robots do not look much like a human being at all,they look like machi nes because that’s what most of them are-industrial machines.Today,I’m going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physically dema nding,repetitive,dangerous or very boring.Most industrial robots work on in an assembly line in a factory.For example,a robot might put liz on j ars of fruits or start boxesfor shaping.In a car factory,robotic arms on an assembly line join the parts of a car together;other robots tighten the b oats on the car’s wheelsor paint the car.There are thousands of robots p utting cars together in___plan.These robots are very precise when repe ating a task.For example,they always tighten boats with the same exact amount of force.They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be and they always put ahold in the exact same place in every car d oor hour after hour.These are examples of robots doing the work human s could do but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precise ly.So,just how do robots work?To do its job a robot first needs a control s ystem.This control system directs the robots mechanical parts.The contr ol system of a robot is sort of speak--a robot brain.So how does a robot learn which action to do first and whi ch of its moving part needs to do that action?A robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something,first a person must use a hand-held computer.The computer is used to guide the robot’s arm and hand through the motions it needs to do.Then,the robot stores exact movem ent in its computer memory.The robot has sensors to gather information ,so now the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions.The robot tells its moving part what to do and then it performs the action.For example, to pick up and move a box,the robot first finds the box,next it decides t he weight of the box.Then it decides how much force is needed to lift an d move the box,and finally,it finds the correct place to put the box dow n.It repeats the process over and over until it's turned off.It does the sa me job until it is given the job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that robots of the future will be smarter than today's robots.They may also look more human like or even animal like.In fact,they may wo rk and think more like humans do.The industrial robots we've been talki ng about so far today are automatic robots.They are known as automatic robots because they have program to follo w a specific series of ually,they have parts that move but t hey really don't travel around.On the other hand,an autonomous machi ne can change itsbehavior in relation to its surroundings.For example,an autonomous robot with wheelsor legs to move around can change direc tion when it senses that there are something in its way.A robot such as …can detect the movement of people nearby.It can move to avoid bump ing into ing toward it.Asthma can even learn to dance by followi ng the movements of a dancer next to it.I don't know whether or when people would welcome autonomousmachines or human like robots.I gu ess that we will not only think about that in the future.We need to think about how we will interact with our global doctor:robal teacher,robal p et,or even our robal friend.===========================================================Lesson 8 A Tidal WaveA tidal wave is a very large and very destructive wall of water that rushesin from the ocean towards the shore. Many scientists call these waves tsunami. In Japanese tsunami means “storm wave.” But do you know that tidal are not caused by storms and that they are not true tidal at all? A true tidal is the regular rise a waves and fall of ocean waters, at definite times each day, but a tidal wave comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an underwater earthquake. The word “seaquake” is made up of two words, the word “sea” which means “ocean” and the word “quake”. “To quake” means “to shake” or “to tremble.” When a seaquake takes place at the bottom of the ocean, the ocean floor shakes and trembles, and sometimes the ocean floor shifts. It is this shaking that produces the tidal wave. The tidal wave begins to move across the sea at great speed.Tidal waves have taken many human lives in the past. Today scientists can predict when a tidal wave will hit land. They use a seismograph to do this.A seismograph is an instrument that records the strength, the direction, and the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake. It is not possible to hold back a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming. This warning can save many lives.===========================================================Lesson 9 Levels of LanguageToday I want to talk about levels of language usage. You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general, broad categories, or levels of usage: a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. I’m not talking about correct and incorrect English. What I’m talking about are two levels of correct English. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books such as encyclopedias, and in business letters. For example, a letter to a university would be in formal style. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. People usually use formal English when they give classroom lectures or speeches and at ceremonies such as graduations. We also tend to use formal language in conversations with persons we don’t know well or with people we have a formal relationship with, such as professors, bosses, doctors, friends of our parents’, strangers, etc. Informal language is used in conversations with colleagues, family and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends, as well as in diaries, etc. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. However, today I’m going to talk only about a couple of ways. First of all, formal language tends to be more polite. Interestingly, it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or familymember, "Close the door, please", but to a stranger or someone in authority I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door" or "Excuse me, could you please close the door" Using words like "could" and "would" makes my request sound more polite, but also more formal. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean. Let’s say "I’m just crazy about soccer!" But if I were talking to my supervisor or a friend of my parents’, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or "I like soccer very much". Let’s say I’m telling someone some news I heard about the police arresting a criminal. To my friend I might say "The cops bagged the crook". To my parents’ friend I might say "The police arrested the thief".Although the line between formal and informal language is not always clear and although people are probably less formal today than in the past, it is useful to be aware that these two levels, or categories, do exist. The best way for a non-native speaker of English to learn the difference is to observe the different ways English speakers speak or write in different situations. Television newscasters, your college professors in class, your doctors in their offices, etc, will usually speak rather formally. However, your classmates, teammates, family members, friends, etc. will generally speak in an informal fashion. The difference can be learned over time byobserving and interacting with native speakers.===========================================================Lesson 10 Power: The Kinds People Use and Abuse John Mack, who is the author of a book about power, says that the need for a sense of personal power is one of the primary forces in human life. On the other hand, he also says that a feeling of powerlessness is one of the most disturbing of human emotions ―a feeling to be avoided at all costs. Just what is power?Psychologists define power as the ability to determine or to change the actions or behavior of other people. Psychologists are trying to identify different kinds of power so that they can better understand how people use these different kinds of power to gain control over other people. They are trying to understand how people manipulate other people for good and evil purposes. Psychologists have identified five basic types of power, and I’d like to talk about each of these briefly in the next few minutes.The first type of power is called information power. Some psychologist believe that information power is one of the mosteffective types of power and control. The person who has information that other people want and need, but do not have, is in a position of power. Why is this? Well, most people like to receive and have information. Having information increases a person’s own sense of power. People who provide information can manipulate those who do not have information. Often, when people receive information, they do not know that they are being manipulated by those who provided the information. The psychologist named Edwards says, for example, that newspapers provide a lot of information to their readers, and that these newspaper readers generally believe the information they read. Readers do not question the accuracy of the reports about world events they read in the newspapers.A second type of power is called referent power. For example, a person may want to behave like the members of a particular group, such as a soccer team ( or a group of classmates), or a person may identify with and want to be like a certain teacher, a friend, or say , a rock star. If you identify with another person, that person has power over you, and that person can influence your actions and behavior. Many people imitate and are controlled by the people they identify with. Let me give you a sad example ofthe use of this type of power for evil purposes. In the 1970s in Jonestown, Guyana, more than 900 people committed suicide when their religious leader Jim Jones told them to kill themselves. They did what he told them to do because he had referent power over them. They identified with him; they believe him, and they did what he told them to do. More recently a man named David Koresh controlled the lives and destinies of a small community of men, women, and children in Waco, Texas. Most people in his community died in a fire, along with their leader, during a confrontation with U.S. government agents.A third kind of power is classified as legitimate power. Government officials, according to Edwards, have a lot of legitimate power. When the government decides to raise taxes or make people go to war, most people will do what their government officials tell them to do. One psychologist reported on an experiment that showed an example of this type of power. In this experiment, a researcher asked people on the street to move away from a bus stop. When he was dressed as a civilian, few people moved away from the bus stop. When the researcher was dressed as a guard, most people moved away from the bus stop.The guard’s uniform seemed to give the researcher a look of legitimate power.A fourth kind of power is called expert power. An expert is a person who is very skilled in some area, such as sports, or who knows a lot about something, such as computers. Most people are impressed by the skills or knowledge of an expert. Some of these “experts” use their skills at playing sports or knowing about computers to gain power and influence ―and t o gain money or admiration, according to Edwards. In other words, they use their expertise to gain power.Finally, reward or coercive power is used by people who have the power to reward or punish another person’s actions or behavior. Giving a reward will change people’s behavior because it offers people a chance for gain. Giving a punishment may or may not cause the people to do what the powerful person wants them to do, but the changes may not last for a long time. The person who uses coercive power may also have to carefully watch thatthe less powerful person does, in fact, change his or her actions or behavior.To sum up, then, power may be gained in many ways. It may come from having information that other people want or need; it may come from being a referent for other people to identify with or to imitate; it may come from having an official, or legitimate, position of authority; it may come from having skills or expertise; or it may come from having the power to reward or punish people. We all exercise one or more of these various kinds of power over other people, and other people will try to exercise one or more of these kinds of power over us throughout our lives.==================================================Lesson11 Asian and African Elephants:Similarities and Diff erencesThe African and the Asian elephants are the largest land animals in the w orld.They are really enormous animals.The African and the Asian elepha nts are alike,or similar,in many ways,but there are differences between the2types of elephants,too.What are some of the similarities between the African and the Asian ele phant?Well,for one thing,both animals have long noses,called trunks. An elephant sometimes uses its trunk like a third hand.Both kinds of ele phants use their trunks to pick up very small objects and very large,heavy objects.They can even pick up trees with their trunks.For another thin g,both the African and the Asian elephants have very large ears,althoug h the African elephant’s ears are considerably larger.In addition,both animals are intelligent.They can be trained to do heavy work.They can also be trained to do tricks to entertain people.In other words,they both work for people,and they entertain people also.As I said before,the African and Asian elephants are alike in many ways, but they are also quite different,too.Let me explain what I mean.The Af rican elephant is larger and heavier than the Asian n eleph ants reach a height of about 10 feet, and African elephants reach about 13 feet tall.The African male elephant weighs between12,000and14,000pounds.I n contrast,the average Asian male elephant weighs between7,000and1 2,000pounds.So one is bigger than the other, but as you can see,both are still enormous animals.Another difference between the2kinds of elephants is the size of the ea n elephants have smaller ears than African elephants.The Africa n elephant has2very large teeth.These teeth are called tusks.The Asian elephanthowever sometimes does not have any tusks at all.The elephants differ i n color,too.The African elephant is dark gray in color while the Asian ele phant is light gray.Occasionally an Asian elephant is even white!The lastbig difference between the2 typesof elephants is their temperament.The Asian elephant is tamer than the African elephant, orin another way,the African elephant is much wilder than the Asian eleph ant.As a result,it’s more difficult to train the African elephant to perfor m tricks to entertain people.That’s why the elephants you see in the circ us are probably Asian elephants and not African elephants.Yes,there certainly are differences between the African and the Asian el ephants,but as I mention at the start of mytall,there is one big similarity between the2animals:they are both fasci nating and enormous animals.===========================================================Lesson 13 Lincoln and KennedyJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and had very different family and educational backgrounds. K ennedy lived in the 20th century; Lincoln lived in the 19th cen tury. Kennedy was born in 1917, whereas Lincoln was born m ore than a hundred years earlier, in 1809. As for their family b ackgrounds, Kennedy came from a rich family, but Lincoln’s f amily was not wealthy. Because Kennedy came from a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schools. He graduated from Harvard University. Lincoln, on the other hand, had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of his lack of f ormal schooling, he became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading law books. Li ncoln was, in other words, a self-educated man.In spite of these differences in Kennedy and Lincoln’s backgr ounds, some interesting similarities between the 2 men are ev ident. In fact, books have been written about the strange coin cidences in the lives of these 2 men. Take forexample ,their political careers. Lincoln began his political car eer in congress. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political car eer in congress. Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Repr esentatives in 1847, and Kennedy was elected to the House in 1947. So they were elected to congress exactly 100 years apart. Another interesting coincidence is that each man was e lected president of the United States in a year ending with the number 60. Lincoln was elected president in 1860, and Kenne dy was elected in 1960; furthermore, both men were presiden t during years of civil unrest in the country. Lincoln was presid ent during the American Civil War. At the time Kennedy became president,African-Americans were fighting for theircivil rights ,unrest took the form of civil rights demonstrations.Times change and it’s just over 15 more years,the United States elected its first African-American president Barack Obama. President Obama was elected in 2008 and…,but let me get back to talk about Lincoln and Kennedy.Another striking similarity between these 2 men was that, as y ou probably know, neither president lived to complete his ter m in office. Lincoln and Kennedy were both assassinated whil e in office. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 inDallas, Texas, after only 1,000 days in office. Lincoln was assas sinated in 1865 a few days after the end of the American Civil War. It’s rather curious to note that both presidents were sh ot while they were sitting next to their wives.These are only a few examples of the unusual similarities in th e destinies of these 2 Americans – men who had a tremendou s impact on the social and political life in the United States an d the imagination of the American people.。