大学通用学术英语视听说教程(理科)unite3psychology原文及答案

Unit 3 PsychologyC. Listening ExerciseListen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido?A. He doesn’t like his master any more.B. He has just moved to a new place.C. He gets up late every morning.D. He has been quite nervous and restless.2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do?A. He should take Fido to the vet.B. He should put Fido on medication.C. He should take Fido for a walk.D. He should let Fido play fetch.3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday.B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medication.4. What does the scientific research tell us?A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans.B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill.C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs.D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry.B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill.C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs.D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions.Script:Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong?Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this.Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday?Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before.Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill.Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication.Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion?Harry: Y eah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.Jenny: Oh, no! I don’t know whether it’s good or not… I have a friend who put her dog on antidepressants, but I don’t think it’s fair to make an animal take drugs when he has no say.Harry: I agree sometimes pet-owners might go overboard, but they just want their pets to be happy and healthy. Oh, if only my Fido becomes his normal playful self again!Jenny: But is it ridiculous to spend so much money on an animal when there are people going hungry everywhere?Harry: I’ll tell you what. Some scientists have been using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner to learn about dog emotions. The research shows that they are quite similar to the emotions of humans.Jenny: Really? I t’s unbelievable!Harry: Y es. They have now confirmed what many dog owners already knew. Dogs can understand our feelings! Researchers say that the finding is not just important to dogs and the people who love them, but it establishes a new type of comparative brain science and expands the possibilities for research. Jenny: Wow, seems that you know a lot about scientific research!Harry: Well, for Fido, I have made myself become an expert!Exercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea of it and complete the summary.Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Some of the personal factors are known as dispositional factors, while external things are known as situational factors. Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. In 1890, William James published Principles of Psychology.Exercise 2 Listening and Note-takingListen to the first part of the text and take necessary notes with symbols and abbreviations with the prompts of the following words.Psychology —sci entific study of indiv idual behav ior & and ment al proc esses Psychologists — use their res earch to pred ict & and (ctrl) control behav ior Dispositional factors —Genet ic makeup, pers onality traits, att itudes, ment al state Situational factors —sens ory stimul ation, rew ards, act ions of other people Exercise 3 In-depth ListeningScript:What makes us similar to other people and yet so uniquely different? Why do we think, feel and behave as we do? Are we molded more by heredity or shaped by experience? How can the same brain that gives us the capacity for creativity, rationality and love also become the crucible for mental illness?Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Psychologists then try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. Ideally, out of their basic research will come solutions for the practical problems that plague individuals and society.Whatever type of behavior psychologists look at, whether it’s laughing, crying, making war, or making love, or anything else, they try to make sense of it by relating the observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. For example, my genetic makeup, personality traits, attitudes and mental state are some of the personal factors involved in my behavior. They’re known as dispositional factors. They’re internal, characteristics and potentials inside me, while external things such as sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people are known as situational factors. They come from the outside, from the environment in which my behavior takes place.Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. Wundt trained many young researchers who carried on the tradition of measuring reactions to experimental tasks such as reaction times to sensory stimuli, attention, judgment and word associations. The first American psychological laboratory like Wundt’s was founded at the Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall. Hall, the first president of the American Psychological Association, introduced Sigmund Freud to the American public by translating Freud’s General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. But 1890 may stand as the most significant date in psychology’s youth. That’s when William James published what many consider to be the most important psychological text of all time, Principles of Psychology. James was a professor of psychology at Harvard University, where he also studied medicine and taught physiology. James was interested in all the ways in which people interact with and adapt to their environment, and so he found a place in psychology for human consciousness, emotions, the self, personal values and religion. But the Wundtian psychologists like G. Stanley Hall rejected James’ideas as unscientific and soft. They argued that psychology should be patterned after the model of the physical sciences, so they focused their study on topics like sensation and perception--on psychophysics, measuring mental reactions to physical stimuli. Later they added investigations of how animals acquire conditioned responses and how humans memorize new information. These differences among psychologists in whatshould be studied and how one should go about it are still with us a century later. Text B LiespottingExercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea and then choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Which of the following is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clinton was a liar?A. He used a non-contracted denial.B. He used “that woman” to refer to Miss Lewinsky.C. He tried unconsciously to distance himself from his subject.D. He peppered his account with a little too much detail.2. What can you learn from the text?A. Only trained liespotters can detect lies.B. A fake smile will betray a liar.C. Liars don’t dare to look people in the eyes.D. Liars rehearse their words and gestures.Exercise 2 Listening for detailsListen to one part of the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1. Attitude is the most important indicator in detecting lies. (NG)2. A person’s enthusiasm may indicate his dishonesty. (F)3. An honest person will keep silent since he believes in his innocence. (F)4. An honest person is eager to help you get to the truth. (T)5. An honest person will not be infuriated during the interview. (F)Exercise 3 Compound DictationListen and complete the summary below with the missing words from the text. People deceptive may be withdrawn, look down, (1) lower their voice, (2) pause, or herky-jerky. They are going to (3) pepper their story with too much (4) detail and in strict (5) chronological order. A trained interrogator will ask them to tell the story (6) backwards, and then track the deceptive tells. People rehearse their (7) words, but not their (8) gestures.Script:Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54 percent accurate. Why is it so easy to learn? Well, there are good liars and there are bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I’m going to do is I’m going to show you two patterns of deception. And then we’re going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We’re going to start with a speech.Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. I’m going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what’s known as a non-contracted denial. Studies show that people who are over-determined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: “that woman”. We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, “Well, to tell you the truth ...”or Richard Nixon’s favorite, “In all candor ...” he would have been a dead giveaway for any lies potter than knows that qualifying language, as it’s called, qualifying language like that,further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we’re all really glad he didn’t do that -- he would have further discredited himself. Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there’s much more to it than speech: “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips.” And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I’m going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who’s chattering with his fingertips.Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. With body language, here’s what you’ve got to do.You’ve really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Wel l guess what, they’re known to freeze their upper bodies when they’re lying. We think liars won’t look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained lie spotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile’s in the eyes, the crow’s feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. Don’t overdo the Botox; nobody will think you’re honest.Now we’re going to look at the hot spots.Can you tell what’s happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone’s words and someone’s actions? Now I know it seems really obvious, but when you’re having a conversation with someone that you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.An honest person is going to be cooperative. They’re going to show they’re on your side. They’re going to be enthusiastic.They’re going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They’re going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They’re going to say, “Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks.”They’re going to be infuriated if they sense they’re wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they’ll be infuriated throughout the e ntire course of the interview. And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, anhonest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.Now let’s say you’re having that exact same convers ation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they’re going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they’re going to tell their story in strict chronological order. And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they’ll wa tch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. We say “yes”, we shake our heads “no”. We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now that smile is known in the trade as “duping delight”. Part IV HomeworkA Listening TaskListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Some colors that people see late at night could cause (1) signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in (2) low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a (3) severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and (4) thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators (5) designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they (6) sleep during the day and are (7) active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much (8) sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the (9) more depressed animals drank the (10) least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in (11) blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the (12) dim red light, but they did not.” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send (13) signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the (14) natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light, thisexplains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My (15) recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the (16) exposure to TVs which are quite (17) bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. Y ou can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen and on your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the (18) reddish light.” The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.。

《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。

Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。

City living1.Unit 1S：This is going to be a great trip! I’ve never been to Mexico, have you?M: No, I haven’t. Have you finished everything?T: Oh my gosh! Where’s my bag?S: It’s in the closet. Of course! I’m the only one who’s organized around here. I ran errandsall day and I’m ready…exhausted… but ready.M: What did you have to do?S: (holds up tickets) Well, first I had to confirm my flight.C: My ticket! Where’s my ticket? Have you seen it?S: (to Claudia) I saw it in the bathroom.C: The bathroom? Are you sure? So strange… (holds up her ticket) Oh, you’re right. Got it!S: … then I had to get traveler’s checks.T: Oh! My money! I’ve lost my wallet! Whew!S: … then I had to pay the electricity and phone bills because someone forgot. And then I had to change my voice mail message.C: My cell phone! I don’t remember where I put my cell phone!S: It’s in the kitchen.C: The kitchen…It’s in the kitchenS: These two---- they’re never prepared. What would they do without me?M: How true…Hey, don’t forget to unplug your TV and electrical stuff before you go. S: Done.T: Sun-hee! We’re late! It’s time to go.S: OK! Hey Mike, I have to go. We ‘re leaving for the airport.A: Bye, Mike.M: Cool! Have a great trip, girls! Bye.Unit 2 Imaginary beachT: I can’t believe how hot it is out there. Why didn’t we go to Hawaii with everyone else?M: Because we didn’t have the money.T: Well, why didn’t we get an air conditioner?M: Hello? Same reason. And quit complaining! We’ve got air conditioning.T: Mike, that’s a bowl of ice and a fan.M: Takeshi, you’ve got to be more like me and use your imagination, then you too can have a beach vacation. See? Check out that gorgeous view.T: Right, but not exactly “realistic”.M: OK, come over here. Close your eyes. Feel that cool, ocean breeze.T: Mike, that’s the fridge.M: Come on! I said, “use your imagination.” Now close your eyes. Listen to the sound of the seagulls…hear the children laughing…Why, I think I can even smell a barbecue…T: Raw hot dogs?M: Don’t worry. I’m going to cook them up on that grill over there.T: Mike, you know you’re not allowed to use a grill inside an apartment, right?M: OK. I’ll use the microwave then.T: A beach, with a microwave. Sure Mike.M: That’s the beauty of “Imaginary Beach.” We’ve got a microwave oven, we’ve got a TV with a remote control. Who could ask for anything more?T: What about water? That’s the main reason people go to the beach. What are you going to use for that? The bathtub?M: No. that’d be silly. Here we go! Feel the ocean mist…T: Mike, that’s for spraying plants, not me.M: You know, the sound of the waves, the ocean mist… makes me want to surf.T: Surf?M: Yeah, surf.T: Mike, no. you can’t stand on that, you’ll break it!M: No, I won’t. Look at me, dude----I’m hanging ten.T: Yeah, cool. Hey, dude! Watch out for that wave! Huh. I’m getting the hang of thisimaginary thing.M: Very funny, very funny indeed!Unit 3 Go with the flowC: So, when do you start your new job?R: I’m not sure. I may start as soon as next month.C: Wow!R: Yeah, it’s going to be a lot of fun… except I’ll have to learn how to use that new software program I told you about.C: Don’t worry. I’m a software expert. I’ll help you figure it out.R: Thanks. Hey, what about your job? Your boss was transferred to the Asian office. Are you going to get promoted?C: I might… I might not. It’s not a big deal.R: Huh?C: I’ve been thinking lately, I don’t plan on working my whole life. Someday, maybe in five years or so, I’m going to quit my job and get out of this stressful life. You know, relax. Have some fun!R：Oh, what are you planning to do?C：I’m definitely going to travel… I might even move to another country, maybe work as a volunteer----I could even start a new career! Maybe one where I can help people… or help the world. What about you? What are your plans?R: Well, I’ve pretty much got everything planned already, right up to my retirement.C: Really?R: Yep. I’m going to work hard and save as much money as possible until I’m about 30…31. Then I’m going to become the Vice President of Finance, and then the CEO by the time I’m 40… maybe 45.C: Yeah?R: Yep. And when I’m 35-36, I’m going to settle down, get married, and some kids.C: Oh you are, are you? You know that for a fact?R: Well, it’s not a fact---- yet. But really, if you want to succeed, you need to have clear-cut, well-defined goals and aspirations.C: I don’t know, I think you should keep your options open. You know…“go with the flow.”R: “Go with the flow.” Eh? So you’re not nervous about the promotion?C: I didn’t say that. It just won’t be the end of the world if I don’t get it. What about you?Are you nervous about the new job?R: Not really. Ij’m just going to “go with the flow,” as long as the flow follows my plan.Unit 4T: Hi (i)K: Hi.T: Thank goodness you’re here. This morning she almost fainted, then she felt very tired, and now she says she feels very lightheaded. I don’t know what to do.K: Has she seen the doctor.T: She won’t go. She says just needs to get some rest.M: Did anything happen?T: Nothing out of the ordinary. The worst thing is, she has this big meeting with the president of the university tonight. She’s been pretty anxious about it.K: OK. Let’s take a look.T: Sun-hee, Mike and Takeshi are here.K: Hi.S: Hey.K: How are you feeling?S: Very tired… and I feel dizzy… and my stomach is killing me… I think I might even have a fever. Oh… why do I have that meeting with the president tonight? I can’t stop thinking about itM: Eat something. You’ll feel better.S: Are you kidding? I can’t eat. I’m not hungry.K: Maybe you should go for a walk… you know, get some fresh air.S: No, I just need to rest.T: Hello? Yes… no, this is her roommate, Tara. What? OK…I’ll let her know. Thanks.That was the president’s secretary.S: What did she say?T: She told me to tell you that tonight’s meeting has been canceled.S: Oh, thank goodness. Uh… Mike, can you handle me that orange juice?T: I don’t know, maybe we should call a doctor.K: Yeah, maybe we should.S: What’s the matter? Haven’t you ever seen anyone eating before?T: I take it you’re feeling better?S: I am feeling pretty good. It must be a miracle, or something.T: Or a lucky phone call.Unit 5 The letterM: Do you think he was accepted?S: I don’t know…M: Any news from Harvard?S: He was rejected. He also applied to the University of Southern California, and they didn’t accept him either. It’s too bad. He studied so hard in film school. And he got really good grades …M: I know. And he researched all those schools and applied for all those scholarships …I hope he gets in. Hey, do you know what he’s going to do if he doesn’t get into gradschool?S: No, what?M: He’s going to hit the road.S: I don’t understand. What do you mean?M: He’s going to buy a nice camera and travel around Europe taking photos for his brother’s website.S: Now that would be an experience, but it’ll be sad if he goes.M: He’ll get in… I just know it!T: Hi!S: Takeshi!M: There’s a letter for you from the Columbia graduate school.S: Uh, uh, uh! Now let’s think about this for a moment. What are you going to do if you aren’t accepted?T: Well, like I said, I’m going to travel around Europe for a while. And then I’ll apply to graduate school in a few years… and I will get in!M: What will you do if you are accepted?T: Oh, that’s easy. I’m going to become a film director.M: All right then… here. Well! What are you waiting for? Open it!T: Here goes.S: Well?M: Were you accepted?T: I’m going to grad school!Unit 6 I can’t stand cell phonesW: No! no, no, no… go… the taxi line… find the taxi line… there’s one just outside.It’s right outside. No… it’s right outside of the airport. Go inside and ask someone, OK? All right. We’ll see you soon… twenty minutes or so… OK. Bye!R: I can’t stand cell phones. Why do people use them to often---- especially in publicplaces?M: I know. I only use my cell phone when I need it. I find it to be a form of noise pollution.R: See what I mean?M: Hello?F: Hi, Mike?M: Hi, Dad! How’s it going?F: Oh, great. Listen, son, I just got a new cell phone and I called to give you the number.M: Oh, you just need to give me your new number…F: Yeah. You know, I really love these cell phones. They’re so convenient! Your mother’s addicted to hers. She’s on it all the time…M: Uh… Dad? The number?F: Oh, I’m sorry. I almost forgot. Here it is. The new area code is six five one…M: Did you say six nine one?F: No… no… six five one…five. “F”… like in “Frank”…M: Got it.F: And the telephone number is 555-2324.M: Dad? Can you hold on a minute? Mom’s calling on the other line. Hello?Ms: Hi, sweetheart, it’s your mom.M: Hi, mom! I’m on the other line with dad.Ms: Oh that’s nice, dear. I need to talk to him, too. I’m planning our trip to New York.I’d prefer to come in September, but your father wants to come during the holidays.Now you tell him…M: Wait a minute, I can’t stand sending messages. Can you hold on a second? I’m going to try to connect you two… Hello? Is everybody here?F: Yeah, I’m here… Oh… this is what I call a family reunion!M:Yeah!W: Shh! Do you mind? I can’t stand cell phones---- especially in public places!Unit 7 Practice makes perfectC: That’s beautiful! Oh, I hope I get that good someday.R: You will, if you stick with it.C: How long have you been playing the guitar?R: I’ve been playing since I was a teenager, but I’ve only really been studying it seriously for about a year. How long did you say you’ve been playing the flute? C: Like I said, I took lessons when I was a kid, but I hated it. I started playing about two months ago and I’m really enjoying it this time. But like I told you---- I’m not very good yet.R: Well, have you been practicing? “Practice makes perfect.”C: I practice sometimes, but I have trouble doing it at home. Tara and Sun-hee have both studying a lot lately, and they keep telling me they need peace and quiet. So there’s nowhere for me to practice.R: Well, don’t worry. That’s what we’re going to do today, and remember---- you canalways come and play here.C: Thanks.R: Ready to try one?C: Sure!R: Ah… let’s see… How about this one?C: Uh… that looks a little difficult.R: OK. Let’s see… Have you ever played this one?C: Uh… nope, I’ve never played it… and probably never will. It looks a little tough. R: Hmm, Do you know this one?C: That one?R: Yeah.C: Yeah, I know it, but can I play it? Hey! I do have one I’ve been practicing lately. R: This one? OK. I haven’t played it in years. It was one of my favorites.C: Ah…R: Shall we?C: A one, a two, a three…Unit 8 Looking for Mr. RightS: Tara, are you still reading the personal ads?T: Yep.S: You know those ads will never help you find a relationship.T: Yes, they will! I’ve already been on three dates.S: Yeah. And you’re still looking…T: Well, it’s just that I haven’t found the right person yet.S: I don’t get it. You’ve been on three unsuccessful dates, and you still think it’s a good idea. Why?T: Well, for one thing, I wouldn’t say all my dates have been completely unsuccessful. I may not have met “Mr. Right” yet, but I’ve still had fun.S: Yeah, but you can have fun anywhere. You don’t need to go searching through a news paper for “Mr. Right.”T: Sun-hee, it can happen! My friend Karen just got engaged to a man she met through the personals, and she dated lots of men before she met him.S: And that means…T: Never give up. Ooh! Here’s one: “Romantic, handsome, well-built male looking for attractive female for casual dating.”S: He’s probably a total Romeo…“Romantic”…“casual dating”… there’s no way he’s sincere.T: Stop it! Hey, here’s one: “A re you attracted to intelligence? Do you enjoy a good personality? Are good looks important, but looks aren’t everything?”S: Hmm…“good personality…“looks aren’t everything”… sounds like he might not be too cute.T: Why do you say that? You’ve never even met him?S: Well, first of all, he’s writing about his “good personality” and “intelligence.” And second of all, he’s saying that looks shouldn’t be important for the person he dates,which probably means he’s not that attractive.T: You are so fussy! No wonder you haven’t tried dating through the personal yet.S: If you must know, I did answer a personal ad… once.T: Yeah? What happened?S: We went out for dinner, and all he did was talk about himself---- and his old girlfriend! Oh, it was awful!T: OK, that does sound terrible, but they’re not all bad.S: Hmm…maybe you’re right. Let’s see, what else do you have here?... Here’s one: “Intelligent female seeks interesting Sunday afternoon activity other than sitting at home reading silly personal. Really in Brad Pitt. Feels like seeing his new movie…”T: All right. Let’s go.版权所有严禁传播。

Unit 3 Psych‎ology‎C. Liste‎n ing Exerc‎i seListe‎n to a conve‎r sati‎o n and choos‎e the best answe‎r s to the quest‎i ons you hear.1. What do you know about‎ Harry‎’s dog Fido?A. He doesn‎’t like his maste‎r any more.B. He has just moved‎to a new place‎.C. He gets up late every‎m orni‎n g.D. He has been quite‎n ervo‎u s and restl‎e ss.2. What does Jenny‎sugge‎s t Harry‎shoul‎d do?A. He shoul‎d take Fido to the vet.B. He shoul‎d put Fido on medic‎ation‎.C. He shoul‎d take Fido for a walk.D. He shoul‎d let Fido play fetch‎.3. What do you think‎Harry‎will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk every‎d ay.B. He will consu‎l t a scien‎tist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medic‎a tion‎.4. What does the scien‎tific‎resea‎r ch tell us?A. Dog emoti‎o ns are quite‎simil‎a r to the emoti‎o ns of human‎s.B. Dogs shoul‎d be put on medic‎ation‎whene‎v er they are ill.C. The brain‎of human‎s is more compl‎i cate‎d than that of dogs.D. Antid‎e pres‎s ants‎canno‎t be used as medic‎a tion‎f or dogs.5. Which‎of the follo‎wing is NOT true accor‎d ing to the conve‎r sati‎o n?A. Jenny‎may have a diffe‎r ent idea towar‎d s pet treat‎m ent from Harry‎.B. Some pet-owner‎s may overd‎o the treat‎m ent when their‎pets are ill.C. Harry‎is an exper‎t on brain‎scien‎c e of human‎s and dogs.D. Magne‎t ic Reson‎a nce Scann‎e r can be used in analy‎z ing dog emoti‎o n s.Scrip‎t:Jenny‎: Hello‎, Harry‎, you look pale. What’s wrong‎?Harry‎: Hi, Jenny‎. It’s just Fido, my belov‎e d dog. He’s been actin‎g kind of lazy these‎days. Ever since‎we moved‎, he’s just been like this.Jenny‎: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk every‎d ay?Harry‎: I used to, but now he doesn‎’t even want to play fetch‎. He loved‎that so much befor‎e.Jenny‎: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Proba‎b ly he’s ill.Harry‎: Well, I did so yeste‎r day. The vet says the reaso‎n he’s been so down is that he’s depre‎s sed, and he recom‎m ends‎we put him on medic‎a tion‎.Jenny‎: Are you sure you want to take his sugge‎stion‎?Harry‎:Y eah, I think‎so. We’re hopin‎g that the medic‎a tion‎will cheer‎Fido up. If it doesn‎’t, maybe‎we’ll consi‎d er uppin‎g his dosag‎e until‎h e seems‎back to norma‎l.Jenny‎: Oh, no! I don’t know wheth‎er it’s good or not… I have a frien‎d who put her dog on antid‎e pres‎s ants‎, but I don’t think‎it’s fair to make an anima‎l take drug s‎when he has no say.Harry‎: I agree‎somet‎imes pet-owner‎s might‎g o overb‎o ard, but they just want th eir‎pets to be happy‎and healt‎h y. Oh, if only my Fido becom‎e s his norma‎l playf‎u l self again‎!Jenny‎:But is it ridic‎u l ous‎to spend‎so much money‎on an anima‎l when there‎are peopl‎e going‎hungr‎y every‎wh ere‎?Harry‎:I’ll tell you what. Some scien‎tists‎have been using‎a Magne‎t ic Reson‎a nce Scann‎e r to learn‎about‎dog emoti‎o ns. The resea‎r ch shows‎that they are quite‎simil‎a r to the emoti‎o ns of human‎s.Jenny‎: Reall‎y? I t’s unbel‎i evab‎l e!Harry‎:Y es. They have now confi‎r med what many dog owner‎s alrea‎d y knew. Dogs can under‎s tand‎our feeli‎n gs! Resea‎r cher‎s say that the findi‎n g is not justimpor‎t ant to dogs and the peopl‎e who love them, but it estab‎l ishe‎s a new type of compa‎r ativ‎e brain‎scien‎c e and expan‎d s the possi‎b ilit‎i es for resea‎r ch. Jenny‎: W ow, seems‎that you know a lot about‎scien‎tific‎resea‎r ch!Harry‎: W ell, for Fido, I have made mysel‎f becom‎e an exper‎t!Exerc‎i se 1 Globa‎l Under‎s tand‎ingListe‎n to the text for the first‎ time, focus‎on the globa‎l idea of it and compl‎e te the summa‎ry.Psych‎ology‎i s the scien‎tific‎study‎of the behav‎i or of indiv‎idual‎s and of th eir‎menta‎l proce‎s ses. Some of the perso‎n al facto‎r s are known‎as dispo‎sitio‎n al facto‎r s, while‎exter‎n al thing‎s are known‎as situa‎t iona‎l facto‎r s. Moder‎n psych‎olog y‎beg an‎in 1879 when Wilhe‎l m Wundt‎f ound‎e d the first‎exper‎im ent‎a l psych‎o logy‎labor‎atory‎in Germa‎n y. In 1890, Willi‎a m James‎publi‎s h ed Princ‎iples‎ of Psych‎o logy‎. Exerc‎i se 2 Liste‎n ing and Note-takin‎gListe‎n to the first‎ part of the text and take neces‎s ary notes‎with symbo‎l s and abbre‎viati‎o n s with the promp‎t s of the follo‎wing words‎.Psych‎ology‎—scien‎tific‎study‎of indiv‎i dual‎b ehav‎i or & and menta‎l proce‎s ses Psych‎o logi‎s ts — use their‎r esea‎r ch to predi‎c t & and (ctrl) contr‎ol behav‎i orDispo‎si tio‎n al facto‎r s —Genet‎i c makeu‎p, perso‎n alit‎y trait‎s, attit‎u des, menta‎l state‎Situa‎tiona‎l facto‎r s —senso‎r y stimu‎l atio‎n, rewar‎d s, actio‎n s of other‎peopl‎eExerc‎i se 3 In-depth‎Liste‎n ingScrip‎t:What makes‎u s simil‎a r to other‎peopl‎e and yet so uniqu‎ely diffe‎r ent? Why do we think‎, feel and behav‎e as we do? Are we molde‎d more by hered‎i ty or shape‎d by exper‎ience‎? How can the same brain‎that gives‎u s the capac‎i ty for creat‎i vity‎, ratio‎n al i t‎y and love also becom‎e the cruci‎b l e for menta‎l illne‎s s?Psych‎ology‎is forma‎l ly defin‎e d as the scien‎tific‎study‎of the behav‎i or of indiv‎i du al‎s and of their‎m enta‎l proce‎s ses. Psych‎o logi‎s ts then try to use their‎resea‎r ch to predi‎c t and in some cases‎contr‎o l behav‎i or. Ideal‎l y, out of their‎basic‎resea‎r ch will come solut‎i ons for the pract‎i cal probl‎e m s that plagu‎e indiv‎i dual‎s and socie‎ty.Whate‎v er type of behav‎i or psych‎ol ogi‎s ts look at, wheth‎e r it’s laugh‎i ng, cryin‎g, makin‎g war, or makin‎g love, or anyth‎i ng else, they try to make sense‎of it by relat‎i ng the obser‎v ed behav‎i or to certa‎i n aspec‎t s of the indiv‎i dual‎i nvol‎v ed and the situa‎tion in which‎the behav‎i or occur‎r ed. For examp‎l e, my genet‎i c makeu‎p, perso‎n alit‎y trai t‎s, attit‎u des and menta‎l state‎are some of the perso‎n al facto‎r s invol‎v ed in my behav‎i or. They’re known‎as dispo‎sitio‎n al facto‎r s. They’re inter‎n al, chara‎c teri‎s tics‎and poten‎tials‎insid‎e me, while‎exter‎n al thing‎s such as senso‎ry stimu‎l atio‎n, rewar‎d s or the actio‎n s of other‎peopl‎e are known‎as situa‎ti ona‎l facto‎r s. They come from the outsi‎d e, from the envir‎o nmen‎t in which‎my behav‎i or takes‎place‎.Moder‎n psych‎ol ogy‎began‎in 1879 when Wilhe‎l m Wundt‎f ound‎e d the first‎ exper‎iment‎a l psych‎ol ogy‎labor‎a tory‎in Germa‎n y. Wundt‎train‎e d many young‎resea‎r ch er‎s who carri‎e d on the tradi‎ti on of measu‎ring react‎i ons to exper‎i ment‎a l tasks‎such as react‎i on times‎to senso‎ry stimu‎li, atten‎tion, judgm‎en t and word assoc‎i atio‎n s. The first‎Ameri‎c an psych‎ol ogi‎c al labor‎a tory‎like Wundt‎’s was found‎e d at the Johns‎Hopki‎n s Unive‎r sity‎in 1883 by G. Stanl‎e y Hall. Hall, the first‎ presi‎d ent of the Ameri‎c an Psych‎ologi‎c al Assoc‎i atio‎n, intro‎du ced‎Sigmu‎n d Freud‎to the Ameri‎c an publi‎c by trans‎l atin‎g Freud‎’s Gener‎a l Intro‎d ucti‎o n to Psych‎o anal‎y sis. But 1890 may stand‎as the most signi‎f ican‎t date in psych‎ology‎’s youth‎. That’s when Willi‎a m James‎publi‎shed what many consi‎d er to be the most impor‎t ant psych‎ologi‎c al text of all time, Princ‎i ples‎ o f Psych‎o logy‎.James‎was a profe‎s sor of psych‎ology‎at Harva‎r d Unive‎rsity‎, where‎h e also studi‎e d medic‎i ne and taugh‎t physi‎o l ogy‎. James‎was inter‎e sted‎in all the ways in which‎peopl‎e inter‎a ct with and adapt‎ to their‎envir‎o nmen‎t, and so he found‎ a place‎in psych‎ol ogy‎f or human‎consc‎i ousn‎e ss, emoti‎o n s, the self, perso‎n al value‎s and relig‎i on. But the Wundt‎i an psych‎ologi‎s ts like G. Stanl‎e y Hall rejec‎t ed James‎’ideas‎as unsci‎e n tif‎i c and soft. They argue‎d that psych‎ol ogy‎shoul‎d be patte‎rned after‎the model‎ of the physi‎c al scien‎c es, so they focus‎e d their‎study‎on topi c‎s like sensa‎ti on and perce‎p tion‎--on psych‎o phys‎i cs, measu‎ring menta‎l react‎i ons to physi‎cal stimu‎l i. Later‎they added‎inves‎tigat‎i ons of how anima‎l s acqui‎r e condi‎tione‎d respo‎nses and how human‎s memor‎ize new infor‎m atio‎n. These‎diffe‎r ence‎s among‎psych‎ologi‎s ts in what shoul‎d be studi‎e d and how one shoul‎d go about‎i t are still‎ with us a centu‎ry later‎.Text B Liesp‎o ttin‎gExerc‎i se 1 Globa‎l Under‎s tand‎i ngListe‎n to the text for the first‎time, focus‎on the globa‎l idea and then choos‎e the right‎answe‎rs to the quest‎i ons you hear.1. Which‎of the follo‎wing is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clint‎o n was a liar?A. He used a non-contr‎a cted‎denia‎l.B. He used “that woman‎” to refer‎to Miss Lewin‎s ky.C. He tried‎ uncon‎s ciou‎s ly to dista‎n ce himse‎l f from his subje‎ct.D. He peppe‎r ed his accou‎n t with a littl‎e too much detai‎l.2. What can you learn‎f rom the text?A. Only train‎ed liesp‎o tter‎s can detec‎t lies.B. A fake smile‎w ill betra‎y a liar.C. Liars‎don’t dare to look peopl‎e in the eyes.D. Liars‎rehea‎r se their‎ words‎and gestu‎r es.Exerc‎i se 2 Liste‎n ing for detai‎l sListe‎n to one part of the text and decid‎e wheth‎e r the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎are true (T), false‎(F) or not given‎(NG).1. Attit‎u de is the most impor‎t ant indic‎a tor in detec‎ting lies. (NG)2. A perso‎n’s enthu‎siasm‎may indic‎ate his disho‎n esty‎.(F)3. An hones‎t perso‎n will keep silen‎t since‎h e belie‎v es in his innoc‎ence. (F)4. An hones‎t perso‎n is eager‎to help you get to the truth‎.(T)5. An hones‎t perso‎n will not be infur‎i ated‎durin‎g the inter‎v i ew. (F)Exerc‎i se 3 Compo‎und Dicta‎t ionListe‎n and compl‎e te the summa‎ry below‎with the missi‎n g words‎f rom the text. Peopl‎e decep‎t ive may be withd‎r awn, look down, (1) lower‎their‎voice‎, (2) pause‎, or herky‎-jerky‎. They are going‎to (3) peppe‎r their‎story‎with too much (4) detai‎l and in stric‎t (5) chron‎o logi‎c al order‎. A train‎e d inter‎r ogat‎o r will ask them to tell the story‎(6) backw‎a rds, and then track‎the decep‎t ive tells‎. Peopl‎e rehea‎r se their‎(7) words‎, but not their‎(8) gestu‎r es.Scrip‎t:Train‎e d liesp‎o tter‎s get to the truth‎90 perce‎n t of the time. The rest of us, we’re‎only‎54 perce‎n t accur‎a te. Why is it so easy to learn‎? Well, there‎are good liars‎and there‎are bad liars‎.There‎are no real origi‎n al liars‎. We all make the same mista‎k es. We all use the same techn‎i ques‎.So‎what‎I’m‎going‎to do is‎I’m‎going‎to show you twopatte‎r ns of decep‎t ion. And‎then‎we’re‎going‎to look at the hot spots‎and see if we can find them ourse‎l ves. We’re‎going‎to start‎with a speec‎h.Bill Clint‎o n: I want you to liste‎n to me. I’m‎going‎to say this again‎. I did not have sexua‎l relat‎i ons with that woman‎,Miss Lewin‎s ky. I never‎told anybo‎d y to lie, not a singl‎e time, never‎. These‎ alleg‎a tion‎s are false‎. And I need to go back to work for the Ameri‎c an peopl‎e. Thank‎you.Pamel‎a Meyer‎: Okay, what were the tellt‎a le signs‎? Well first‎we heard‎what’s‎known‎as a non-contr‎a cted‎denia‎l. Studi‎e s show that peopl‎e who are over-deter‎m ined‎in their‎denia‎l will resor‎t to forma‎l rathe‎r than infor‎m al langu‎a ge. We also heard‎dista‎n cing‎langu‎a ge: “that‎woman‎”. We know that liars‎will uncon‎s ciou‎s ly dista‎n ce thems‎e lves‎from their‎subje‎c t using‎langu‎a ge as their‎tool. Now if Bill Clint‎o n had said, “Well, to tell you the truth‎...” or Richa‎r d Nixon‎’s‎favor‎i te, “In‎all‎cando‎r ...” he would‎have been a dead givea‎w ay for any lies potte‎r than knows‎that quali‎f ying‎langu‎a ge, as‎it’s‎calle‎d, quali‎f ying‎langu‎a ge like that, furth‎e r discr‎e dits‎the subje‎c t. Now if he had repea‎t ed the quest‎i on in its entir‎e ty, or if he had peppe‎r ed his accou‎n t with a littl‎e too much detai‎l-- and‎we’re‎all‎reall‎y‎glad‎he‎didn’t‎do‎that‎-- he would‎have furth‎e r discr‎e dite‎d himse‎l f. Freud‎had it right‎. Freud‎said, look, there‎’s‎much more to it than speec‎h: “No‎morta‎l can keep a secre‎t. If his lips are silen‎t, he chatt‎e rs with his finge‎r tips‎.” And we all do it no matte‎r how power‎f ul you are. We all chatt‎e r with our finge‎r tips‎.I’m‎going‎to show you Domin‎i que Strau‎s s-Kahn with Obama‎who’s‎chatt‎e ring‎with his finge‎r tips‎.Now this bring‎s us to our next patte‎r n, which‎is body langu‎a ge. With body langu‎a ge, here’s‎what‎you’v e got to do. You’ve‎reall‎y got to just throw‎your assum‎p tion‎s out the door. Let the scien‎c e tempe‎r your knowl‎e dge a littl‎e bit. Becau‎s e we think‎liars‎fidge‎t all the time. Well guess‎what, they’re‎known‎to freez‎e their‎upper‎bodie‎s when t hey’re‎lying‎. We think‎liars‎won’t‎look‎you‎in‎the‎eyes. Well guess‎what, they look you in the eyes a littl‎e too much just to compe‎n sate‎for that myth. We think‎warmt‎h and smile‎s conve‎y hones‎t y, since‎r ity. But a train‎e d lie spott‎e r can spot a fake smile‎a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile‎here? You can consc‎i ousl‎y contr‎a ct the muscl‎e s in your cheek‎s. But the real smile‎’s‎in‎the‎eyes, the‎crow’s‎feet‎of‎the‎eyes. They canno‎t be consc‎i ousl‎y contr‎a cted‎, espec‎i ally‎if you overd‎i d the Botox‎.Don’t‎overd‎o the Botox‎; nobod‎y will think‎you’re‎hones‎t.Now‎we’re‎going‎to look at the hot spots‎.Can‎you‎tell‎what’s‎happe‎n ing in a conve‎r sati‎o n? Can you start‎to find the hot spots‎to see the discr‎e panc‎i es betwe‎e n someo‎n e’s‎words‎and someo‎n e’s‎actio‎n s? Now I know it seems‎reall‎y obvio‎u s, but when‎you’re‎havin‎g a conve‎r sati‎o n with someo‎n e that you suspe‎c t of decep‎t ion, attit‎u de is by far the most overl‎o oked‎but telli‎n g of indic‎a tors‎.An hones‎t perso‎n is going‎to be coope‎r ativ‎e. They’re‎going‎to‎show‎they’re‎on‎your‎side. They’re‎going‎to be enthu‎s iast‎i c. They’re‎going‎to be willi‎n g and helpf‎u l to getti‎n g you to the truth‎.They’re‎going‎to be willi‎n g to brain‎s torm‎,name suspe‎c ts, provi‎d e detai‎l s. They’re‎going‎to say, “Hey, maybe‎it was those‎guys in payro‎l l that forge‎d those‎check‎s.”They’re‎going‎to be infur‎i ated‎if they sense‎they’re‎wrong‎l y accus‎e d throu‎g hout‎the entir‎e cours‎e of the inter‎v iew, not just in flash‎e s; they’ll‎be‎infur‎i ated‎throu‎g hout‎the entir‎e cours‎e of the inter‎v iew. And if youask someo‎n e hones‎t what shoul‎d happe‎n to whome‎v er did forge‎those‎check‎s, an hones‎t perso‎n is much more likel‎y to recom‎m end stric‎t rathe‎r than lenie‎n t punis‎h ment‎.Now‎let’s‎say‎you’re‎havin‎g that exact‎same conve‎r sati‎o n with someo‎n e decep‎t ive. That perso‎n may be withd‎r awn, look down, lower‎their‎voice‎, pause‎,be kind of herky‎-jerky‎. Ask a decep‎t ive perso‎n to tell their‎story‎,they’r e going‎to peppe‎r it with way too much detai‎l in all kinds‎of irrel‎e vant‎place‎s. And‎then‎they’re‎going‎to tell their‎story‎in stric‎t chron‎o logi‎c al order‎. And what a train‎e d inter‎r ogat‎o r does is they come in and in very subtl‎e ways over the cours‎e of sever‎a l hours‎, they will ask that perso‎n to tell that story‎backw‎a rds, and‎then‎they’ll‎watch‎them squir‎m, and track‎which‎quest‎i ons produ‎c e the highe‎s t volum‎e of decep‎t ive tells‎. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing‎. We rehea‎r se our words‎, but we rarel‎y rehea‎r se our gestu‎r es. We‎say‎“yes”, we shake‎our heads‎“no”. We tell very convi‎n cing‎stori‎e s, we sligh‎t ly shrug‎our shoul‎d ers. We commi‎t terri‎b le crime‎s, and we smile‎at the delig‎h t in getti‎n g away with it. Now that smile‎is known‎in the trade‎as‎“dupin‎g delig‎h t”. Part IV Homew‎o r kA Liste‎n ing TaskListe‎n to the passa‎g e and fill in the blank‎s with what you hear.Some color‎s that peopl‎e see late at night‎could‎cause‎(1) signs‎of the condi‎t ion menta‎l healt‎h exper‎t s call clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎.That was the findi‎n g of a study‎that build‎s on earli‎e r study‎findi‎n gs. They show that indiv‎i dual‎s who live or work in (2) low level‎s of light‎overn‎i ght can devel‎o p clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎.Docto‎r s use the words‎clini‎c al depre‎s sion‎to descr‎i be a (3) sever‎e form of depre‎s sion‎. Signs‎may inclu‎d e loss of inter‎e st or pleas‎u re in most activ‎i ties‎, low energ‎y level‎s and (4) thoug‎h ts of death‎or suici‎d e.In the new study‎,Ameri‎c an inves‎t igat‎o rs (5) desig‎n ed an exper‎i ment‎that expos‎e d hamst‎e rs to diffe‎r ent color‎s. The resea‎r cher‎s chose‎hamst‎e rs becau‎s e they are noctu‎r nal, which‎means‎they (6) sleep‎durin‎g the day and are (7) activ‎e at night‎. The anima‎l s were separ‎a ted into 4 group‎s. One group‎of hamst‎e rs was kept in the dark durin‎g their‎night‎t ime perio‎d. Anoth‎e r group‎was place‎d in front‎of a blue light‎,a third‎group‎slept‎in front‎of a white‎light‎, while‎a fourt‎h was put in front‎of a red light‎. After‎four weeks‎,the resea‎r cher‎s noted‎how much (8) sugar‎y water‎the hamst‎e rs drank‎.They found‎that the (9) more depre‎s sed anima‎l s drank‎the (10) least‎amoun‎t of water‎.Randy‎Nelso‎n heads‎the Depar‎t ment‎of Neuro‎s cien‎c e at Ohio State‎Unive‎r sity‎.He says anima‎l s that slept‎in (11) blue and white‎light‎appea‎r ed to be the most depre‎s sed. “What‎we‎saw‎is‎these‎anima‎l s‎didn’t‎show‎any‎sleep‎disru‎p tion‎s at all but they did have mucke‎d up circa‎d ian clock‎genes‎and they did show depre‎s sive‎pheno‎t ypes‎where‎a s if they were in the (12) dim red light‎, but they did not.”‎Randy‎Nelso‎n notes‎that photo‎s ensi‎t ive cells‎in the retin‎a, have littl‎e to do with eyesi‎g ht. He says these‎cells‎send (13) signa‎l s to the area of the brain‎that contr‎o ls what has beencalle‎d the (14) natur‎a l sleep‎-wake cycle‎. He says there‎is a lot of blue in white‎light‎, this expla‎i ns why the blue light‎and white‎light‎hamst‎e rs appea‎r to be more depre‎s sed than the hamst‎e rs seein‎g red light‎or darkn‎e ss. Mr. Nelso‎n has sugge‎s tion‎s for peopl‎e who work late at night‎, or those‎who‎like‎to‎stay‎up‎late.‎“My‎(15)‎recom‎m enda‎t ion is if you are just livin‎g a typic‎a l mostl‎y activ‎e (life) durin‎g the day, mostl‎y inact‎i ve at night‎,you want to limit‎the (16) expos‎u re to TVs which‎are quite‎(17) bluis‎h in the light‎they give off and compu‎t er scree‎n s and thing‎s like that. You can get filte‎r ed glass‎e s, you can get filte‎r s on your compu‎t er scree‎n and on your eRead‎e rs and that sort of thing‎to put it more in the (18) reddi‎s h light‎.”‎The‎repor‎t on the effec‎t s of light‎on emoti‎o ns was publi‎s hed in The Journ‎a l of Neuro‎s cien‎c e.。

大学英语视听说答案完美截图版各位开挂旅途愉快！！！！！Unit18/1910/1910/19’’11/1912/19take/a/break/why/not/some/other/time/party/available/listen/without/talk/to/you/about/researching/background/work /on/hoping/for/break/may/be/it /By/the/way1A/51B/5kind/of/it's/about/right/I/did/past/three/years/paid/off/earned/break/the/case/in/comparison/to/depends/on/a/lot/harder/in/general/my/roommate/way/too/for/myself/a/balanceconfident/relaxed/tense/in a bad mood2B/51)How about2)too3)Why don't4)enough5)Let's6)to walk 3/51)am taking2)work3)have4)am writing4/55/53/198/1910/1911/1912/19get/expert/run/broadcast/competition/In/ fact/Speaking/ought/to/give/away/Good/ thinking/handle/care/audio/expert/fast/ on/it/You/do/hard/to/believe/wake/up/ smell/the/coffee/crazy/famous/taking/a/bribe/smart/I/hope/get/in/the/way/work/on1A/51B/5heard/about/was/caught/they/say/what/to/think/stuff/you'd/like/to/really/convinced/actually/natural /athlete/in/the/season/any/opinion/about/disqualify/for/the/sake/of/shame/to/in/trouble/with/start/r umors2A/52B/53/52123314/5forward/eliminate/apparently/incredible 5/5Unit33/198/1910/1911/1912/191A/51B/52A/52B/53A/53B/54/55/5U nit4 3/198/1910/1911／1912/19listen your side of the story Nope all alike judge me trust only goal helping win deal with mess charges serious threw a game gambling debts gave access to stop from Did you ordidn’t you throw the game get show viewers Take your pick innocent1A/51B/5ran into my gosh doing fantastic the same old how exciting perfect for or something like thata boring job gets to telemarketing telephone company2A/52B/53A/5 a a the a 3B/54/55/5大测L isten 1/32/33/3V ocabulaty 1/32/33/3C rammer 1/32/33/3P ronunciation 2/53/55/5S peaking1/32/33/3Unit5 3/198/1910/1911/1912/19sure sounds like stupid a minute deliberately from college works for recognize teammate bothexcuse us media you’ve got that right get it worry you getting some pressure sit out badlyfrankly win without you1A/5。

新编大学英语视听说第3册听力原文和答案新编大学英语视听说第3册听力原文和答案Interviewer: Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been livingin Canada for a long time, haven't you?Angela: Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now.Interviewer: Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality?Angela: Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I havetwo personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer: That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean?Angela: Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home.Interviewer: Do different cultures have different ideas as to whatis polite? Angela: Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent.Interviewer: Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela: Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am.I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others aregoing through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am.I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself.I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things.It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People trust me with their secrets, and they're right for doing so because I never tell any secret that is told to me. I'm always there to help in any way that I can. All you have to do is ask. I enjoy life and people, which makes me feel good. I find fun in almost everything I do (except housework). I like to watch people, talk to them, and be around them. Itmakes no difference whether I agree or disagree with what they feel, or how they live, or what they look like, or what age they are. I just enjoy learning and being aware of everything and everyone around me.Tom: Hey, Bill. Do you have any plans for this weekend?Bill: Yeah, Tom. Cindy and I are going ice-skating on Saturday.Tom: Oh.Bill: Why do you ask?Tom: Well, I thought you might want to come over and study for next week's chemistry test.Bill: Study?! No way. Hey, what if I try to fix you up with Cindy's sister, Kristi. We could double-date. She's really outgoing,bright, and funny too.Tom: Hey, I still remember the girl you fixed me up with last time. She was very moody and self-centered. She couldn't stop talking about how great she was. I'm not sure if I can trust you, "Mr. Matchmaker".Bill: Oh come on. So I made a mistake last time. Cindy's sister is really different. Tom: Well, what does she look like?Bill: Ah. Looks aren't important. She has a wonderful personality.Tom: Right.Bill: Okay. She has long wavy blond hair and blue eyes. She's of medium height, just a little shorter than you are.Tom: Go on.Bill: She has a great figure, a nice complexion, and she has a sexy voice. Oh, and she has a tattoo of an eagle on her arm.Tom: A what?Bill: No, just kidding. By the way, she was the runner-up in theMiss California Beauty Pageant two years ago. Well, you're probably not interested. Tom: No, wait!Bill: Ah, just forget I ever mentioned it.Tom: No, I'm interested!David: Barbara, before you go, could you tell me about these students that are coming into my class?Barbara: Oh, yes. Now, let me think, well, there's...er...Paul. He's a tall, slim lad with fair hair. Very friendly face, lovely smile...He's particularly good with group activities, and he's a very helpful person to have in the class and very helpful with the other students. He speaks fluently, but does make a lot of mistakes! He doesn't seem to mind making mistakes. He asks a lot ofquestions...er...he tends to speak first and think later. But he's got lots of interesting ideas.David: Good.Barbara: Ah...Susan...Susan. Now, she's very lively, quick, and very bright. She talks all the time but not always in English.David: What? Is she difficult or anything?Barbara: No...she's quite young but she does behave in quite agrown-up way really for her age. It can be a bit difficult to actually shut her up sometimes and make her listen to you.David: Ah, right.Barbara: She's very nice. She has dark hair and dark eyes.David: Right, well...are there any other girls in the class?Barbara: Yes, there is Maria. She's Susan's sister.David: Yes.Barbara: Actually it's quite difficult to tell them apart although...er... Maria is slightly older. She's a bit plumper and has longer hair than Susan. She's not quite as bright as her sister and Ithink that makes her feel a bit inferior really. Well, you know, she sulks a bit when she gets things wrong or she misunderstands you. But on the whole, a very sensible girl.David: OK.Barbara: And then there's Peter, who's older than the others. He's got a sort of moustache, spectacles and wavy dark brown hair. He usually wears a jacket and sometimes a suit. He's very smart and takes notes all the time. He's also very serious and determined to learn as much as possible. He asks quite difficult questions but he doesn't mean to be nasty.David: Well, thanks, Barbara. It's all up to me now, isn't it?Have a good holiday, won't you?Barbara: Thanks.David: Bye.1. Pedro sleeps only six hours a night. He goes to school full-time and works part-time in the afternoons. At night he plays soccer or basketball. He's seldom tired and his favorite way to relax is to jog two or three miles.What kind of person is Pedro?2. Mr. Miller was teaching his fourth grade class how to divide. The students didn't understand. He had to repeat his lesson and explain the idea more slowly. Over the next few days he explained and explained the lesson until almost the whole class understood and knew how to divide.What kind of teacher is Mr. Miller?3. People in the High Street neighborhood don't buy their fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. They buy them from Mr. Smith's truck. You can trust Mr. Smith. He never tries to sell any bad or unripe fruit. His prices are fair.What kind of person is Mr. Smith?4. Jake and Charles ran into the classroom. Each one saw the chairhe wanted to sit on. Unfortunately, it was the same chair. They both sat down at the same time. Each of them had half a chair. Charles said he was there first and tried to push Jake off the chair. Jake said he was first. Both boys refused to move."All right, boys," said the teacher. "If you won't move, then youcan sit like that for the whole period." Jake and Charles sat like that for the whole period until the bell rang. When they stood up they were stiff and sore."I don't care," said Jake. "I was there first."What kind of person is Jake?5. Room 46A at Travis High School was always the dirtiest room inthe school. Many of the students threw paper on the floor. One day, Mrs. Duke had an idea. She fastened a basketball hoop over the wastebasket. Now the students love to practice throwing their paper into the basket. When they miss, they pick the paper up and try again. And that was the end of the problem.What kind of person is Mrs. Duke?A number of visitors to the UK, who had traveled throughout theBritish Isles, were asked by a newspaper reporter what their impressions of the British people were. Here's a brief summary of what they thought.There were many different opinions among those interviewed: Somewere very flattering, others very critical. The distinction between the English and the British wasn't always understood, but, on the whole, it seemed that the Scots were very popular with visitors. They were thought to be very friendly, even though one Dutch visitor confessed she'd found it hard to understand their English.A great number found the British generally reserved, particularlythe English, although one Australian visitor called the English "the friendliest people in the world and most hospitable". But she did admit that speaking the same language was a great help.Some Asian businessmen, who had traveled widely throughout England, said quite openly that they found Northcountry people "much nicer" than people in the South. When asked what exactly they meant by "much nicer", one of them said, with a playful smile on his face, "By much nicer I mean much more like us!" A few continentals praised "English courtesy", but the majority found it dishonest and dull. "You're forever saying 'please' and 'sorry' when you don't feel pleased or sorry," one explained.A young student from South Africa had no views on the matter. Hehadn't met any Englishmen, he said. The country appeared to be full of foreigners like himself. Statements:1. It was easy to tell the English from the British.2. Speaking the same language helped one Australian visitora lot.3. By "much nicer", one of the visitors meant that the British people were more friendly than people of other countries.4. The majority of continentals thought highly of English manners.5. To the young student from South Africa, Britain seemed to have a lot of foreign visitors.One day, when Mr. Smith came home from work, he found his wife very upset about something. Mr. Smith always thought that he was moresensible than his wife, so he started to give her a lecture on the importance of always remaining calm.Finally he said, "It's a waste of your strength to get excited about small things. Train yourself to be patient, like me. Now, look at thefly that has just landed on my nose. Am I getting excited or annoyed? Am I swearing or waving my arms around? No. I'm not.I'm perfectly calm."Just as he had said this, Mr. Smith started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly. He couldn't speak for some time, but at last he was able to tell his wife: The thing on his nose was not a fly, but a bee. Tom: Oh, that Mr. Taylor. He is so boring!Mother: What do you mean?Tom: His lessons put me to sleep. And he's so quick-tempered, Mum.Mother: Quick-tempered? Mr. Taylor? Are you sure darling?Tom: Yes, he gets angry very quickly.Mother: That doesn't sound like Mr. T aylor at all!Tom: And do you know, he spends all the time looking at his reflection in the window, admiring himself.Mother: Really? And why does he do that?Tom: Because he's vain, that's why! And conceited! He thinks he knows everything. Mother: Oh, Tom. Be reasonable. I'm sure you're exaggerating. Mr. Taylor seems such a nice, kind man.Tom: Well, he isn't. He is mean and cruel.Mother: Cruel? Now how can a history teacher be cruel?Tom: Because he only gave me two out of ten points in my history test. Mother: Oh, now I understand. Tom, I think you'd better get on with your homework!(S1 = the first speaker; S2 = the second speaker; S3 = the third speaker; S4 = the fourth speaker)S1: In this week's edition of Up with People we went out into the streets andinterviewed a number of people. We asked a question they just didn't expect. Weasked them to be self-critical...to ask themselves exactly whatthey thought they lacked or—the other side of the coin—what virtues they had. Here is what we heard.S2: Well...I...I don't know really...it's not the sort of question you ask yourself directly. I know I'm good at my job... At least my boss considers me hard-working, conscientious, and efficient. I'm a secretaryby the way. When I look at myself in a mirror as you sometimes do in the privacy of your own bedroom...or at your reflection in the shop windows as you walk up the street... Well...then I see someone a bit different. Yes...I'm different in my private life. And that's probably my mainfault I should say... I suppose I'm not coherent in my behavior. Myoffice is always in order...but my flat! Well...you'd have to see it to believe it.S3: Well...I'm retired, you know. Used to be an army officer. And...I think I've kept myself...yes, I've kept myself respectable the whole of my life. I've tried to help those who depend on me. I've done my best. I am quite self-disciplined. Basically I'm a good guy, fond of my wife and family... That's me.S4: Well...when I was young I was very shy. At times I...I was very unhappy...especially when I was sent to boarding school at age seven.I didn't make close friends till later...till I was about...fifteen. Then I became quite good at being by myself. I had no one to rely on...and no one to ask for advice. That made me independent. My wife and I have two sons. We...we didn't want an only child because I felt...well I felt I'd missed a lot of things.Mike: Hey, guys. Come and look. I've found an interesting Web siteon star signs. (The others come close to the computer and look at thestar signs on the screen.)Ted: Hey, that's interesting! What's your sign, Sam?Sam: I'm a Scorpio. What's yours, Ted?Ted: I have no idea. I've never really thought about that. Let's have a look. I was born on September 5. Oh, I'm a Virgo.Simon: And I'm a Libra.Sam: What do they say about Libra, Simon?Simon: (He reads.) You're a sociable, charming person. You go out of your way to avoid confrontation and do everything in your power to make your life an easy one. Although you're generally likeable, you can be changeable, superficial and critical. But you manage to hide thosetraits most of the time.Mike: Do you agree with that? Are you that type of person?Simon: What do you think? I think there is something in what it says.I am social and outgoing. But I am not changeable, am I? What's your sign, Mike?Mike: I'm a Taurus. Ah, what's yours, Lilly?Lilly: I'm a Cancer.Ted: Now let's look at Taurus.( He reads.) You're a patient,practical type. Goodpoints include your affectionate, kind nature, your trustworthiness and strength of character. Bad points include your possessiveness, self-indulgence and stubbornness. Do you think your character fits well?Mike: No, not at all. I'm not patient, and I'm not practical either.I am kind of quick-tempered and ambitious. That's definitely not me! But one thing is right: I AM stubborn.Simon: Sam, let me read yours. (He reads.) You are secretive, and sexy. You have theworst reputation in the zodiac. Scorpio has a dark side, which includes revengeful and destructive traits. Yet despite this, you can be the wittiest, kindest and most entertaining of all the signs.Sam: Oh, that can't be true! Are you sure you were reading Scorpio?Simon: Yes, of course! Look for yourself.Sam: But that's unfair! I have the worst reputation in the zodiac?!The others: (They all laugh and say.) Ha ha... Poor Sam!Sam: Who could believe such silly things! Really, I think I'm intelligent, humorous, and kind-hearted.Mike: Yes, but those are just your good traits. Don't forget about your bad ones! Sam: Come on! Oh, Lilly, we haven't looked at your sign yet. Eh, you are a Cancer, right? You want me to read yours?Lilly: No, thanks. I'm afraid you'll distort what's written there.Let me read it myself. (She reads.) To some people, you appear tough and determined, but that's just a "front" you put up to protect the real you, which is rather more sensitive and softer. You can be moody, touchy and irritable, but you make up for those negative traits with your kindness, great intuition and protective nature. That's not bad, is it?Simon: No. But what counts is not what it says, but how you really are, what you are actually like.Lilly: (She is a bit defensive.) What do you mean? What are youtrying to say aboutme?Simon: I think you are much nicer than what it describes.(Lilly smiles.)The other boys: Oh, Simon, don't sweet-talk her! We know what youare thinking. Ted: Hey, I haven't seen mine yet. Now it's my turn.Mike: Go ahead, Ted! Be our guest!Ted: It says: Virgo people like order in all things and are neat, clean and precise in their habits. Virgo people are perfectionists and they sometimes can be critical. They do not like to draw attention to themselves. Virgo people are modest, and careful about what they eat or drink.Sam: Do you have any objections to that?Ted: I think the description matches me quite well. I AM a perfectionist. I like things to be in order. Erm, I...I'm careful about what I eat and drink. But it doesn't mention my weak points.Lilly: Oh! And what are those?Ted: Well, sometimes I'm so careful I tend to waste a lot of time.I'm not very sociable, and I don't have many friends.Sam: I think everyone has some undesirable personality traits that could be improved. Don't you think we all could improve our personalities?Mike: I think we can. For example, my little sister was the youngest girl in our family. My parents loved her very much, but they spoiled her by giving her too much. She was at that time self-centered, selfish,aggressive, bad-tempered, and rude. Her personality didn'tchange any until she entered primary school. In school, she first acted as she did at home, and she couldn't make a single good friend. For a time, she was even isolated by her classmates. She complained to us, and finally understood her problem. From then on, she made every effort to get rid of her undesirable characteristics both at home and in school. Now she's in middle school and has turned into a popular girl.Lilly: In my opinion, our personalities are partly inherited and partly shaped by our home environment. As we all know, scientists have found that parents' personality traits can be seen in their children. Most children have some of their parents' personality traits.Mike: That's right. And our early home and school environment also has a big influence on the shaping of our personality. For instance,I've noticed that many children growing up in rich families may become wasteful, lazy, arrogant or cold. On the other hand, I've noticed that many children raised in poor families are hard-working, caring, sympathetic, and helpful.Sam: Does that mean you think we have to choose our parents wisely?(The others laugh.)2Mart Moody from Tupper Lake used to tell this tale. "I went out one day and there was a big flock of ducks out on Tupper Lake. And I hadthis good dog. I shot at the ducks, and then I sent the dog out there. She was heavy with pups at the time, and I didn't know whether I shouldsend her out there. It was a cold day in the fall. Well, she tookright off and away she went. But she didn't show up when it got dark. I began to worry about her. She was a good dog, a really good retriever. She'd get anything I shot at."So the next morning I woke up and I thought I'd better go and seeif I could find her. And I got down to the shoreline of the lake and I looked out. Suddenly I saw something coming. It was this dog. She came into the shore! She had three ducks in her mouth. And behind her she had seven pups. And each of the pups had a duck in his mouth."There was an old man who had a daughter. He told his daughter thathe had invited a preacher to his house. He said, "Daughter, I'm going down to the train to meet the Reverend, and I've roasted two ducks and left them there for him in the other room. Don't you touch them!" The daughter said, "No, I won't touch them." So her papa went to the train to meet the Reverend, and the girl began to taste the ducks. The ducks tasted so good that she kept on tasting them until she had eaten themall up, every bit of them.After the old man came back, he didn't even look in the place where he had left the ducks. He went directly into the other room to sharpen his knife on the oilstone so he could carve the ducks. The preacher was sitting in the room with the girl. She knew that her papa was going to punish her, and she started crying and shedding tears. The preacher asked, "What is the matter with you, girl?" She said, "Papa has this one bad fault: He invites preachers to his house and goes to sharpen hisknife to cut off both their ears." And the Reverend asked, "What is that you say, daughter?" The girl said, "Yes, Papa invitespreachers here all the time and cuts off both their ears." The preacher said, "Daughter, hand me my hat. Quick!" The girl gave him his hat and he ran out of the door quickly. The daughter called her papa and said, "Papa, the preacher got both the ducks and has gone." The old man ran to the door and yelled to the preacher, "Hey, where are you going in such a hurry? Come back here right now!" But the preacher just kept running and shouted back over his shoulder, "Damned if you'll get either one of these."Jack Storm was the local barrel maker and blacksmith of Thebes, Illinois. He had a cat that stayed around his shop. The cat was the best mouse catcher in the whole country, Jack said. He kept the shop free of rats and mice. But, one day, the cat got caught in a piece of machinery and got a paw cut off. After that, he began to grow weak and thin and didn't take any interest in anything, because he wasn't getting enough to eat.So, one day, Jack decided to make a wooden paw for the cat. He made it with his pocket knife and fastened it on the injured leg. After that, the cat began to grow sleek and fat again. Jack decided to stay at the shop one night to see how the cat managed with his wooden paw.After dark, the cat got down in front of a mouse hole and waited. Pretty soon a mouse peered out cautiously. Quick as a flash the cat seized it with his good paw and knocked it on the head with his woodenone. In no time, that cat had eighteen mice piled up in front of the mouse hole.Ken: Hey, Josh. Where did you get those comic magazines?Josh: When I went home last weekend, I found these old Superman magazines that my older brother had bought manyyears ago.Ken: You don't have time to read old comics. Why did you bring them here? Josh: In my World Literature class we've been talking about the importance of myths, folk tales, and legends to cultures. We have to write a short paper on which legendary figure we think is the great American hero. I think it's Superman.Ken: Superman? Why? I think it's someone like Paul Bunyan, the giant woodsman, or Johnny Appleseed, who planted early apple trees in the Midwest. Superman is just a modern comic magazine character.Josh: When I saw these old comics, I started thinking that Superman represents a combination of cultural traditions and beliefs that have been told throughout our American history.Ken: How?Josh: Superman is an orphan who comes by rocket to Earth when his native planet explodes. He lands near a small town and is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who teach him their American middle-class values of honesty, hard work and consideration for others. As an adult, he migrates to a large city and defends Americans against evil.Ken: What else?Josh: Well, I was thinking about this and realized that he is a symbol of the American character because he is an immigrant. We Americans have come from somewhere else, too. My great grandparents came from Germany, and I know your grandparents came from Brazil. They all worked hard and succeeded.Ken: But how does that relate to Superman?Josh: He goes to the city, just as many immigrants did, works as a newspaper reporter. But his adopted parents' values ofhonesty, hard work and helpfulness are a part of him. He uses his super abilities to fight dishonesty and to help the victims of crime and injustice, meanwhile working hard at his newspaper job.Ken: I understand. As an orphan, Superman becomes a new person in a new land, just as our ancestors did, and succeeds. He also represents our values. Your paper should be interesting. I'd like to read it when it's finished.Josh: OK.At one time animals and people lived together in peace and talked with each other. But when mankind began to multiply rapidly, the animals were crowded into forests and deserts.Man began to destroy many animals for their skins and furs insteadof only for food. Animals became angry at this treatment by man and decided that mankind must be punished.The animals held a meeting, but they could not decide how to punish mankind. Finally the animals agreed that because deer were the animals most often killed by man, deer should decide how man should be punished.Deer decided that any Indian hunters who killed deer without asking pardon in a suitable manner would be made to suffer with painfulstiffness in their bodies. After this decision was made, the leader of the deer sent a message to the nearest people, the Cherokee Indians. "From now on, your hunters must first offer a prayer to the deer before killing him. You must ask his pardon, telling the deer you are forced to kill him only because your people are hungry and need meat. Otherwise, a terrible disease will come to you."The spirits of the deer would run to the place where a deerhad been killed and these spirits would ask the dead deer, "Did you hear the hunter's prayer for pardon?" If theanswer was "yes", the spirits would be satisfied. But, if the answer was "no", then the deer spirits would track down the hunter to his house and strike him with the terrible disease of stiffness in his body, making him crippled so that he could not hunt deer again.Soon all of the animals agreed that this was a fair and just punishment. Each type of animal decided that they would also cause a disease in people who mistreated them. When the friendly plants of the world heard what the animals had decided as punishment for mankind, the plants decided that this punishment was too harsh. They had a meeting of their own. Finally they decided that each type of plant should provide a。

Unit 3II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Chinese students are often too shy to say anything in class.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty，and they don’t want to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don’t Chinese students say in class according to the man?C) They are modest.W：中国学生往往羞于说话在课上。

M：我想他们不说话是因为他们的文化价值观的谦虚，他们不想炫耀。

回归到孔子。

问：为什么没有中国学生在课堂上说话？C）他们是温和的。

2.ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the work place. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men get for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about the women?A) They earn less than men.W：政府现在在做的事情，工作场所的性别歧视。

女人的付出男人一样。

M：是的。

在美国，同样的工作妇女的工资只有男性的百分之70。

这一情况已经有所改变。

视听说3答案截图免费完全版take/a/break/why/not/some/other /time/party/available/listen/without/talk/to/you/about/researching/background/work/on/hoping/for/break/may/be/it /By/the/waykind/of/it's/about/right/I/did/past/three/years/paid/off/earned/break/the/case/in/comparison/to/depends/on/a/lot /harder/in/general/my/roommate /way/too/for/myself/a/balance2B/5How about 2)too 3)Why don't 4)enough 5)Let's 6)to walk 3/5am taking 2)work 3)have 4)am writing4/55/53 1 1 2 3 1Unit212/19get/expert/run/broadcast/competition/In/ fact/Speaking/ought/to/give/away/Good/ thinking/handle/care/audio/expert/fast/ on/it/You/do/hard/to/believe/wake/up/ smell/the/coffee/crazy/famous/taking/a/ bribe/smart/I/hope/get/in/the/way/work/on1B/5heard/about/was/caught/they/say/what/to/think/ stuff/you'd/like/to/really/convinced/actually/natural/athlete/in/the/season/any/opinion/ about/disqualify/for/the/sake/of/shame/to/in/trouble/with/start/rumorsUnit3１２／１９Bad news audio expert check urgent be sure absolutely surehave an ideamay remember confide in reporterresearcher chance loseone more day only one more daywon’t be sorry storyget tellme everything deserve a break storycharming charm out of1B/51)was thinking 2)That would be ok 3)this new mall4)having a sale 5)kind of6)a whole lot less 7)just really 8)end up using 9)Well 10)little girl 11)the whale12)sounded really good 13)a lot14)a lot less 15)you know what 16)treat you toUnit412/19listen your side of the story Nope all alike judge metrust only goal helping win deal with mess charges serious threw a game gambling debts gave access to stop from Did you ordidn’t you throw the game get show viewers Take your pick innocent1B/5 ran into my gosh doing fantastic the same old how exciting perfect for or something like thata boring job gets to telemarketing telephone company3A/5 a a the aSection test A。

全新版大学进阶英语视听说教程第3册--Unit3文本Unit 3 HappinessPart II LISTENING AND SPEAKINGLesson A What Makes You Happy?ListeningSCRIPTTrack 3-1W: I just read this really interesting book called Thrive. It’s about what makes people happy.M: Do the same things make everyone happy?W: Well, in some ways, happiness is different for each person …M: For example, I love to cook, and you hate it.W: Right … But some things make almost everyone happy.M: Let me guess. Rich people are happy.W: Well, not really. Studies say it’s important not to be poor. It’s important to have enough money.But having a lot of money doesn’t make you much happier than other people.M: Hmm. Interesting. What else?W: Well, it’s important to have goals in life—you know, the feeling that there’s something important you want to do. It can be work, for example, or it can be something like a hobby.But it should be something you really want to do …M: Like right now, I’m trying to get in shape—you know, eat right, exercise more …W: Exactly. That’s a good example. Good heal th is another thing that’s important for happiness. M: Right. So what else?W: Other people are important to your happiness, especiallyyour family.M: What about friends?W: Yes, friendship is important, too. Good relationships with family members and friends really increase our happiness.ConversationTrack 3–2A: What do you think people need to be happy?B: I think money is the most important thing.A: Really? Why do you think that?B: Because if you have money, you can buy things you want.A: That’s true. I think that’s important, but I think your family is important, too.Lesson B The Happiest Places on EarthListening 1SCRIPTTrack 3-3Welcome to San Luis Obispo, California — a city of forty-four thousand located between Los Angeles and San Francisco. What makes this one of the happiest cities in the United States? The area’s natural beauty is one important factor. The city is close to both the ocean and the mountains, and there are lots of places for residents to hike or bike. San Luis Obispo itself is a very laid–back city. It has a number of parks, cafes, and open areas where people can relax. And even in the downtown area, there are very few cars and almost no traffic. The city is also very safe. Believe it or not, many people don’t lock their doors during the day … or at night. In addition to these things, San Luis Obispo also has a lively arts scene. Every summer there are free concerts and a number of music and art festivals. And finally, San Luis Obispo is a healthy environment. Fresh fruit and vegetables are all grownlocally. And there is no smoking in restaurants and most outdoor public places.Now, what about the people of San Luis Obispo. What are they like? Residents are known for their high levels of emotional well-being. They smile more and experience less sadness than people in other cities in the US. Not surprisingly, people here are very active. Many bike to work or school every day. Residents are also very sociable. They spend a lot of time with family and friends. Many also volunteer and help others in the community.1. San Luis Obispo: 圣路易斯-奥比斯波位于美国加州，是一个依山傍海的太平洋沿岸城市。

UNIT 3Part 11. 52. 43. 11. apartment2. heater3. air conditioning4. hookup a washer and dryer5. have a yard6. we have a small balcony7.the best thing about our apartment is that it is located in a safe neighborhood with lots of young families8. allow9. I want a place with air conditioning and washer/dryer hookups10. A garage to keep our cars. someday we hope to move into the house of our dreamsPart 21. B2. B3. AMaryanne: I think it’s time to move. This apartment is too smallVu: I’m making more money now. I think we can afford a bigger place. Maryanne: Not so fast. We are not that rich. B \ ut it is hard with all four of you sharing one room. We need one bedroom for the girls and one for the boys.Vu: Yes. A three-bedroom. Nga and Truc take hours to do their hair! Maryanne: We don’t have air conditioning. I want air conditioning in the new place.Vu: Air conditioning would be really nice. It gets so hot in the summer. Truyen: Can we get a pool too?Vu: Well, we don’t really need a pool. Well, let’s try to find a place that has one.Truyen: Don’t forget we need a yard for the dog. We don’t have one now. Maryanne: Of course, we want a nice space for Fluffy.Vu: Let’s get the paper and start looking for a place today!1.Dose Sam hope to buy a new home for his mother?2.Do the children like to play in their new yard?3.Does the roof on the building need to be repaired?4.Do Alex and Logan have a two-bedroom apartment?5.Do you live near the freeway and the college?6.Did the Internet have the best classified ads?7.Does their family like the safe neighborhood they live in?8.Does Dana want a place with a yard for her puppies?Part 31. a couple of2. To confirm that everything’s in order3. A washer, dryer and refrigerator will be provided for you4. Get a bigger fridge5. Do with6. We don’t nind, just as long as it works7. This will be refunded to you if the apartment is in good condition when you leave8. Need it fixed?Part 41. b2. d3. cElectricity1758 Hermosa Avenue97655 Beach RoadMarch 7thMarch 9thPart 5Tenant: Hello, Mr. / Mrs. Jones. This is Jonh in apartment 3B. Landlord: Hi, John. What can I do for you?Tenant: The air conditioning in our apartment is not working. Landlord: OK, I will send a repairperson over to fix it tomorrow. Tenant: Thanks1. While I was making dinner2. The electricity went out while I was studying3. The faucet was dripping all night4. The neighbors were shouting, and their dog was barking Part 61. To protect yourself2. Sign the rental agreement3. Read it very carefully4. List restrictions on guests or pets5. Fix a broken toilet6. Agreed to fix the problem7. In person8. Keep their buildings clean and in good condition9. It is your right as a tenant to have a comfortable and safe place to live1. F2. T3. F4. TPart 7Maryanne: Now you are making more money, I think we need to make a new budgetVu: OK, let’s talk about income first. With the raise, my income will be $3,000 a month.Maryanne: Great! And with my part-time job, I’m still making about$1000 a month.Vu: OK, that’s it for income. The rent for our new apartment is going to be $1350 a month. It’s a bigger place, so our utilities are going to go up. Maryanne: Yeah, I was thinking our gas bill will probably be around $40 a month and our electricity will be about $60 especially with that air conditioning.Vu: That sounds about right. What about the phone, cable, and Internet? Maryanne: Well, if we use the same companies, they’ll be the same Vu: Is the phone bill really $65 a month?Maryanne: Yes, it’s an average. It includes long—distance calls to your mom in Vietnam.Vu: I see. How much do you spend on groceries each month? Maryanne: About $450. That shouldn’t change. Urn, what do we spend on the car?Vu: Good news. We paid off the loan last month. Now the only expense is gas and maintenance.Maryanne: Right. Let’s budget $150 for thatVu: OK, well, it looks like we’ve got some extra money. Let’s talk about how we can use it1. $10002. $40003. $13504. $405. $4506. $1507. 08. $21759. $1825Maryanne: Now you are making more money, I think we need to make a new budgetVu: OK, let’s talk about income first. With the raise, my income will be $3,000 a month.Maryanne: Great! And with my part-time job, I’m still making about $1000 a month.Vu: OK, that’s it for income. The rent for our new apartment is going to be $1350 a month. It’s a bigger place, so our utilities are going to go up. Maryanne: Yeah, I was thinking our gas bill will probably be around $40 a month and our electricity will be about $60 especially with that air conditioning.Vu: That sounds about right. What about the phone, cable, and Internet? Maryanne: Well, if we use the same companies, they’ll be the same Vu: Is the phone bill really $65 a month?Maryanne: Yes, it’s an average. It includes long—distance calls to your mom in Vietnam.Vu: I see. How much do you spend on groceries each month? Maryanne: About $450. That shouldn’t change. Urn, what do we spend on the car?Vu: Good news. We paid off the loan last month. Now the only expense is gas and maintenance.Maryanne: Right. Let’s budget $150 for thatVu: OK, well, it looks like we’ve got some extra money. Let’s talk about how we can use it1. Now that2. Utilities3. Be around4. Be about5. All other expenses should stay the same, shouldn’t they6. Seeing that we paid off the car loan last month7. We’ll have some extra money8. Need to put money away9. Be able to send10. They’ve been eyeing for ages11. Help them out12. Maybe we can start saving for the honeymoon we never went onVu: now that we’re in a bigger place, our utilities are going to go up. Maryanne: Yeah, I was thinking our gas bill will probably be around $40 a month and our electricity will be about $60Vu:Ok, all other expenses should stay the same, shouldn’t they? Groceries, phone, cable and the Internet?Maryanne: If we use the same companies, they’ll be the same. Groceries should stay the same too.Vu: Great. And seeing that we paid off the car loan last month, we’ll have some extra money.Maryanne: Oh, that’s good news! We’ll still need to put money away for the children’s education, like we’ve always done.Vu: Yes, and we’ll be able to send more money over to Mom. There’s a plot of land that they’ve been eyeing for ages and I’d really like to help them out.Maryanne:Yes, we should. And after that’s done, maybe we can start saving for the honeymoon we never went on.Vu: I know, Maryanne. That’s something we should definitely do.Unit4Part11. How’s everything2. Makes it even harder3. Need to know4. Open a checking account5. Pay my bills6. It’s about two blocks from here7. My car and renew my driver’s license8. Take a bus9. How often the buses run10. You usually don’t have to wait more than ten minutes11. How much does a single trip to City Hall cost12. Closes for lunchPart 21.express with direct deposit2.standard without direct deposit3.premiere account with direct deposit1. Calling our automated information system2. Have indicated3. Checking accounts4. To decide which account is right for you5. At bank of the Century we offer four different checking accounts-Primo checking, ATM checking, Satndard checking and Access checking$22 $0 $12/$10 $14/$12 $26 $7 / / Unlimited 25 checks/m Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited UnlimitedUnlimited $6 service fee twoNo minimum balance noneOther information for Primo and Access:Primo: There is no monthly service fee if your combined balance at our bank is at least $10,000.Access: These is no minimum balance requiredPart 31. F2. T3. T4. F5. F6. F7. T8. F9. T10. F1. Join in2. Make you a library card3. Driver’s license4. Fill in this form5. e-mail6. no charge7. choose to book a terminal8. the public access computers9. check out10. keep them longer11. renew12. over the phone13. recommend14. help suggest15. spend1.$55.002.$10.003.$10.004.$2.005.$45.00 Part 41.6972.7093.7214.6245.362,740,7411.g2.f3.h4.e5.c6.b7.a8.dM: Do you know our teacher’s office number? W: Yes. Do you want it?M: yes.W: Let me see. It’s 344-476-0090M: And his mobile number?W: Let me check. It’s 130-476-0090M: ThanksPart 51.It is about 23-24 miles2.563.Northeast/southwest.4.Northwest5.Northwest6.It is about 38-40 miles7.Southwest1.Oak Street Hotel2.Japanese Restaurant1.start at the subway on 5th Avenue. Take a right out of the subway. Turnleft on Main street. Go straight for four blocks. Take a left on 1st Avenue. It’s on the corner of Oak and First Avenue. What’s the name of the building?2.start at the post office on Main Street. Turn right out of the post office.Turn left on 3rd Avenue. Go straight for two blocks. It’s on the corner of Maple Street and 3rd Avenue. What’s the name of the building?Most people in our country live in urban areas. Urban areas are made up of cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban areas have large populations and tall buildings. People live in many neighborhoods and work different kinds of jobs. The transportation system around these neighborhoods is well developed and very convenient. People get up very early to catch all kinds of transportation for work such as the subway and the bus. In addition, there is also carpooling, which is especially popular among young people. In a word, life in the urban area is both challenging and wonderful.1.B2.A3.DPart 61. Woke up2. Ready for3. Left for4. Ironed5. Made my list of errands6. Returned7. Stopped by8. Make a deposit9. Mail a package10. Grocery shopping11. Remembered to go to the cleaners and pick up some skirts12. Finished shopping8 42 73 510 69 11.F3.F4.TPart 71. One important difference is size2. A small community is called a town. A very small community is sometimes called a village3. Provide4. The surrounding area5. Rural areas6. Far apart7. A city is a very large community8. A large city usually is surrounded by smaller9. Open space10. A city and its suburbs make up an urban area11. The location, or place, of a community makes a difference in the kind of work people do12. A logging community13. Cutting trees and hauling logs1.F3.T4.F5.T。

Unit 2II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscopes, it's easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don't understand EI Nino.W: Right. Even the scientists are uncertain about the exact cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?B) Even scientists cannot understand EI Nino.男：现在我们有卫星和高性能的显微镜，我们知道世界上的一切是很容易的；但我们仍不了解尼诺现象。

W：右。

甚至科学家也不知道确切的原因温暖的太平洋洋流带来的风暴或干旱的神秘的尼诺。

问：根据对话，下列哪项是正确的？B）连科学家们无法理解尼诺。

2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun's energy for heating and lighting in our homes. Millions of solar roofs are now emerging in Japan, the U.S., Italy, and Germany.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?D) Both the man and woman think positively about it.M：每个人都在谈论环境问题：酸雨，温室效应，臭氧层的洞。

大学新视野视听说3原文+答案Unit1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Ok. It?s your turn to pay the bill. I paid last time.M: What? You have a selective memory. You tried to pay last turn, but your credit card failed; so I ended up paying! It?s definitely your turn. Q: What is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM: I?m having real trouble reviewing for this French exam. I just can?t memorize all the vocabulary.W: Me too. I hate having to learn things by heart. I guess we just have to keep reading the texts over and over.Q: What does the woman prefer?3. ScriptW: Oh look! There?s that guy we saw last week, playing football in the park! He looked great in his kit, remember?M: Him? I don?t remember him. I?ve got a terrible memory for faces. I have a hard time even rec ording people I?ve been introduced to.Q: According to the conversation, what is the man?s problem?4. ScriptM: Why is there a big sign on the back of your door that says “keys”? W: It?s to remind me to take my keys when I go out because I?m alwayslockin g myself out by accident! It doesn?t help enough. Now I just forget to read the sign.Q: Why is there a sign on the back of the door?5. ScriptM: That history exam was really hard. The essay question was terrible! W: I know, I wish I were like David. He has a photographic memory, you know. How useful that would be!Q: What is true of David?Task 2: Where did the professor go?ScriptThis is a true story, while happened to friends of ours in a small town in South Africa. They were a hospitable couple who often entertained their neighbors for drinks, tea or dinner. On this particular spring night, they have invited a retired professor to super. During the evening, it began to pour with rain, and the heavens really opened. Because he had walked there, they offered to put him up for the night. They pointed out that by staying overnight, he did not need to go to out in the bad weather. He agreed on the soundness of that idea, thanked his hosts profusely, and the matter seemed to be settled. But while they were washing the dishes after supper, the forgetful professor disappeared. No one could find him anywhere. Eventually, after40minutes, the front door bell rang. There was the professor, soaked to the skin. When he was asked what on earth he has been dong in the rain, he replied that because he was going to stay there overnight, he had gone home to get his pajamas and toothbrush.Unit2Task3: How to Get Straight A?sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day whilebrushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination. Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A?s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understand ing of the author?s message”.1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting to study?2. What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam?3. What is the good thing all top students agree on?4. What does the speak er mean by “an active reader”?5. What is the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A” so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn?t make it back to school until early Monday morning.Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final exam and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a fla t tire on the way back, didn?t have a spare, and couldn?t get help for a long time. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, hand each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They took at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. “Cool,” they thought at the same time,each one in his separate room, “This is going to be easy.” Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”Unit3II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.W: What! Are you crazy? You can?t do that! What will my friends say? I just want to have a normal family.Q: What is the girl saying?2. ScriptM: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sent you these roses and his best wishes to you both for a happy anniversary.W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciate the manager?s consideration.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?3. ScriptW: While I?m scrambling the eggs, could you put the flour into the bowl?M: You bet, darling. I?ll also turn the oven on so that it gets warmed up. Q: Where does this conversation probable take place?4. ScriptW: I have a very important meeting tonight, and I?m afraid I can?t miss it.M: But this evening is the parents? meeting at school, and I was expecting you?d come to it. OK, I?ll phone Dad, maybe he and his girlfriend will come.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5. ScriptW1: So you?re still single? If you?d listen to m e and used the Internet, you?d have a husband by now.W2: I did use the Internet. I posted an ad that read “Husband Wanted”. There were dozens of e-mail responses.But they all said pretty much the same thing: You can have mine.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Keys: 1.C 2.A3.B 4.C 5.DTask3: A Woman Who Chose Not to RemarryScriptAfter 17 years of marriage, my husband left me for my best friend, Monica. What I had feared most became reality: I became the single parent of two young children. My daughter grew increasingly unhappy. Seven-year-old Joanna had anxiety attacks whenever she was left alone for more than a few minutes. Five-year-old Sophie would vomit every meal. Under the psychological pressure, I thought about remarriage. My friends arranged dinner with single men and invited me to parties to meet the latest “someone special”.But later I changed my mind. A colleague of mine said, “Second marriages usua lly end in divorce, and children are destroyed by it.” There is some truth in his words. Research published in 2004 showed that children in blended families were no more emotionally healthy than those in single-parent families.Not long ago, my now-teenage daughter and I went to lunch at our favorite Italian restaurant. While eating, we talked about a friend of ours who was divorcing her second husband. We were worried about how the break would harm her three children, two of whom were struggling to get free of drugs. Joanna put down her fork and looked atme. “Mom, I?m glad you didn?t remarry,” she said. “If you had divorced again, I might have tried drugs or even consider suicide.” At that moment, I realized, once again, that singleness was right choice for me.1. What was the speaker most afraid of?2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What did the speaker?s colleague say?4. Which of the following is true?5. If the speaker had divorced again, what might her daughter, Joanna, have done?Keys: 1C 2.A3. B 4.B 5.BTask 2: Nuclear Family Living PatternsScriptA nuclear family is typical in high-industrialized societies. Beginning in the early 20th century, the two-parent family known as the nuclear family was the predominant American family type. Generally children live with their parents until they go away to a college or university, or until they acquire their own jobs and move into their own apartment or home.In the early mid-20th century, the family typically was the sole wage earner, and the mother was the children?s principle care giver. Today, often both parents hold jobs. Dual-earner families are the predominanttype for families with children in the United States. Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift; that is, a shift that does not start in the morning and end in later afternoon. In these families, one of the parents manages the children while the other works.Prior to school, adequate day care of children is necessary for dual-earner families. In recent years, many private companies and home-based day care centers have sprung up fulfill this need. Incr easingly, a company?s arrangement of day care as well as government assistance to parents requiring day care is occurring.Unit4VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The Role Memory Plays in Our LifeScriptYour resume, or CV in British English, has one mission and one mission only: to get you a job interview. Your resume is usually the first impression an employer has of you. And as “you never get a second chance to make a first impression”, you…d better get it right firs time. Here?re some suggesti ons that may be of use in preparing a resume. First, use a design that demands attention. Employers don?t have time to read through each of your job descriptions to know if you have theskills they need. The design of your resume must do it for them. Your resume should be concise, well-organized and relevant. It should emphasized the most important and relevant points about your experience, skills and education.Second, put important information first. List important information at the beginning of your job descriptions. Put statements in your resume in order of importance and relevance to the job you want. A powerful statement with exact numbers influences every statement that follows.Third, target the job. You will have more success if you adjust your resume and cover letter for the specific skills another job. In other words, you need to “re-package” yourself. In that way, an employer will see immediately that you correspond to the job description. It is not dishonest to “re-package” yourself. You are sim ply pressing yourself and your skills in the best light for a particular employer. This will help you to get more interviews and allow you to apply for a wider range o jobs.1. Why does the speaker say the resume is important?2. According to the passage, why should you emphasize the most important point about yourself?3. Where does the speaker advise putting the important information in your job description?4. How many resumes would the speaker advise you to write if you applied for three jobs?5. Which of the following makes a good title for the passage? Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.BTask 2: Two Essential Factors in an InterviewScriptWhen applying for a job, especially a job you really want. It?s not usually to feel nervous and anxious. Sometimes it?s this anxiety, not our qualifications, that keeps us from obtaining our dream job.So you must overcome your nervousness and build up confidence. This often involves two factors: one mental and the other physical. Mentally, it?s important to prepare yourse lf for the interview without obsessing over it. Remember, it might be your dream job, but it won?t be the end of the world if you don?t get it. Tell yourself that the company would be lucky to get you; and if they choose someone else, it will be their loss. In essence, you need to build your self-confidence. Your ability to answer all questions without hesitation will certainly impress the interviewer.Now that you are mentally ready for any question that might be thrown your way, it?s time to work on your physical presentation. No matter what position you are applying for, your physical appearance at the interview will be a big factor in the final determination. It?s always a good idea to wear a suit; it doesn?t have to be a designer suit, but something plain and conservative. Do not dress too informally. For example, don?t wear a red fashionable jacket for your interview. Make sure, too, that it is clean and pressed. This may seem like common sense,but you?d be surprised how careless some applicants are. W hile it?s not necessary to visit the beauty salon before your interview, make sure that your nail are well-manicured, and your hair is styled carefully and neatly.Unit5II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: I bought a camera from your store. Here?s my receipt. I know it?s just warranty period, but the camera hasn?t worked properly for some time, and now it?s not focusing at all.M: We?re sorry you?ve has problem with one of our cameras.I t seems that the camera has suffered some damage, but you?ve be en a regular customer, and we?d like to look after this problem for you. I?ll just giveyou a replacement.Q: What will the man do?2. ScriptW: We?re upright all our staff equipment, and we?ll need 50 laptops are 1st of next month. In the past I?ve always found of your prices to the best.M: You?re right about that, we do have the lowest prices in the country. We?d be glad to fill your order. Just send me the specs for each, and I?ll send you a quote that I?m sure you will take.Q: What does the man mean?3. ScriptW: We ordered 50 from your company, but on the invoice I see there?s an extra charge for shopping. I thought shipping was included in the quote.M: Shipping is included; there must be a mistake on theinvoice. I?ll straighten on the mistake and send you a new invoice.Q: Which of the following is true?4. ScriptM: This was s time-sensitive document! There?s no point in delivering it three hours late!W: I?m sorry, sir. Perhaps I could connect you to our complaints department if you wish to take it further.Q: What is true of the document?5. ScriptM: We were very surprised to receive such bad service from a company we?ve done business with in the past. So now we have this problem, and I?d like to know what you?re going to do about it.W: I think this is the result of a breakdown in communication, and we need to look at our communication methods both internally and externally. Obviously we want to keep our clients happy, and unfortunately we?ve fallen short this time. I?m here to make sure it won?t happen again.Q: What is the reason of the problem, according to the woman? Keys: 1.C 2.D 3. A 4.B 5.CTask3: Where to Start Your BusinessScriptYou have to consider the location when launching a business. You will be “planning your business tree” the re and will have to maintain it for years to come. You have to keep in mind a few things when deciding on a place t open your business.First of all, you have to take the local economy into consideration. Isyour local area growing and building? Are the market trends good? Even if you have to locate your business farther from yourhome, try to find a place that is building up and bringing people in. The worst thing you can do is to pick a place that is in the “bad area of town” because it is less expensive. Your address can be the first thing people will ask for, and it can say a lot about your business.The second thing you have to bear in mind is the job market. Since unemployment is low in most area in the Unites States, consider what type of employees you will need and find out if there are many in your area. The amount of money that you will have t o spend I the recruiting phase could be an indicator that you should or should not locate the business in an area with a different employee pool.Another factor people have to consider is whether you can integrate with the local community and get to love it. To make the community warm to you, you should become involved in it by joining the local Chamber of Commerce, Business Association, City Council Committees, or other local organization that could offer you help. Why plan on retiring “one day” to some great location? Why not move there now and start your dream business?1. What is the speaker mainly talking about?2. What must you find if you are going to locate a business at a distance from your home?3. According to the speaker, what is the worst thing you can do?4. What will the recruiting money tell you?5. What can you do that get on well with the locate people? Keys: 1D 2.C3. C 4.A 5.CUnit6II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Are those cigarettes yours? I thought you quit. If you go back to it, your teeth and fingers will be nicotine-stained; your breath and clothes will smell smoky.M: I didn?t. I swear. Ads showing diseased lungs kept me fro m starting again. Believe me, I?ll never again be a slave to smoking.Q: Why didn?t the man go back to smoking?ScriptM: What?s that noise? It?s really loud! Sounds like gunshots!W: I t?s the local “youth” throwing firecrackers. Don?t go out. They?re likely to throw one at you or put one through the letterbox if you bother them.Q: What may the young people do?3. ScriptM: I wish I had left my wallet at home. But I?m sure I put it in my back pocket.W: Oh, no, it?s easy for a pickpocket to take it from th ere. You should out your money in your breast pocket.Q: What should the man do, according to the conversation?4. ScriptM: I hate that subway station. Whenever you come out, you?re always plagued by beggars.W: I know, but the kids really get to me. I ca n?t help but feel sorry for them. They look so miserable.Q: What do the man and woman think about the young beggars?5. ScriptM: The bank call me today: they wanted to know if I spent 3,000 dollars in a furniture shop this morning! Of course I didn?t!W: Someone must?ve made a copy of your credit card. It?s easily done. You?ll have to cancel it at once and get a new one. Hopefully, the bank will cover the damage.Q: What does the woman recommend the man to do?Keys: 1.C 2.C3. B 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: How to Solve Unemployment ProblemScriptAlan: I have a meeting with my accountant tomorrow morning. She?s preparing my income tax return, and I need to go over some of the receipts with her.Pamela: Income tax return! Don?t you think the gove rnment just squanders our hard-earned tax on some unnecessary projects? Alan: Sure, someone they do, but we are living pretty well and, to be honest, I don?t mind paying taxes. If I?m paying income tax, it means I?m earning would be much lower.Pamela: If the poor would just get jobs, our taxes would be much lower. Alan: Most people would rather work than receive charity, but the situation is complex: sometimes there are no jobs that they are trained for.Pamela: Then they should take the needed training—upgrade their skills and knowledge to become more employable.Alan: Training and upgrading cost money. Some government tax dollars are directed to programs that help the poor get jobs.。

新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册听力练习录音文本和答案Uint1II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Ok. It‘s your turn to pay the bill. I paid last time.M: What? You have a selective memory. You tried to pay last turn, but your credit card failed; so I ended up paying! It‘s definitely your turn.Q: What is true according to the conversation?2.ScriptM: I‘m having real trouble reviewing for this French exam. I just can‘t memorize all the vocabulary.W: Me too. I hate having to learn things by heart.I guess we just have to keep reading the texts over and over.Q: What does the woman prefer?3. ScriptW: Oh look! There‘s that guy we saw last week, playing football in the park! He looked great in his kit, remember?M: Him? I don‘t remember him. I‘ve got a terrible memory for faces. I have a hard time even recording people I‘ve been introduced to.Q: According to the conversation, what is the man‘s problem?4. ScriptM: Why is there a big sign on the back of your door that says ―keys‖?W: It‘s to remind me to take my keys when I go out because I‘m always locking myself out by accident! It doesn‘t help enough. Now I just forget to read the sign. Q: Why is there a sign on the back of the door?5. ScriptM: That history exam was really hard. The essay question was terrible!W: I know, I wish I were like David. He has a photographic memory, you know. How useful that would be!Q: What is true of David?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3. A 4.B 5.CIII. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. You‘re suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of –class student just like me.W:Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying with remembering, based on recent research into the brain.M: Aw, that stuff‘s old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. I‘m talking about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok, that dies sound different. Id ―Association‖a principle—you know, you connect what you want to remember with something you‘re familiar with?W: Right on! ‗Consolidation‖is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidate—or absorb—the new material into what I‘ve already learned.M: You‘re moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend I‘m going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. That‘s not the way. Follow the principle of ―Distributes Practice‖.Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well for you; you‘ve got a good memory. But what about me? I‘ve got a memory like a sieve.W: You‘re too modest. There‘s nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is likea muscle; it needs exercise. And don‘t forget it.While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly getting excellent marks, she says she read an article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, that is, creating a picture in one‘s mind of what is to be remembered. This reminds the man of the principle of ―Association‖, which means connecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Then the woman adds the principle of ―Consolidation‖, or reviewing one‘s notes after class and absorbing the new materia l into what one has already learned. When the man promise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of ―Distributed Practice‖, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over severaldays. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needs exercise.Task 2: You forget my toast!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, ―Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?‖Before the man left, she added, ―Why don‘t you write that down so you won‘t forget?‖―Nonsense,‖ said the husband, ―I can remember a dish of ice cream!‖―Well,‖ said the wife, ―I‘d like some strawberries on it. You‘d better write that down because I know your memory is failing.‖―Don‘t be silly,‖ replied the husband. ―There‘re only two things: a dish of ice cream and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!‖With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, ―Hey, you forget the toast!‖Keys: FTFFFTask3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are introduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer,learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that I t continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don‘t try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Don‘t allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating in that pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a person‘s name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his mane.1.What‘s seems to be an especially important way to stimulate one‘s memory?2.What seems to be the best way to focus your memory?3.How can you concentrate on a pen?4.How can you relax yourself according to the passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1A 2.C3. D 4.B 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It slipped my mind!Amy: I sent out the invitations to the dinner party.Bill: That‘s good. Now what should we do?Amy: We‘ve got to plan the menu.Bill:Oh, that‘s right. Do you have anything in mind?Amy:I think I‘m going to make the chicken salad we had at the Christmas party.Remember I sled the chef for the recipe?Bill: Yeah, but did you forget that Linda doesn‘t eat chicken?Amy: Linda? Oh, my gosh! I forgot to invite Linda! It just slipped my mind. She‘ll be mad at me.Bill: Well, everyone forgets something sometimes. It‘s not too late yet. I‘ll make a phone call. Don‘t worry.Amy: Thanks! You see, I‘m getting forgetful. I think I‘m getting old!Bill: Looks like you are, sweetheartNow Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA:I‘m going to throw a party, and I‘ve sent out the invitations to my friends and relatives.B: That‘s good. But don‘t forget to invite everyone you should invite.A: I think I‘ve invited everyone. Do you have anybody in mind?B: Did you invite John? He‘s lost his job after recent quarrel with his boss.A: Oh, my gosh! I forgot to invite him! He‘ll be sad, thinking we look down on him.He just slipped my mind.B: Well, everyone forgets something sometimes. Don‘t worry. It‘s not too late. Makea phone call right away.A: Did I forget anybody else that I should incite?B: There‘s yet another person you should invite—Julia. She‘s just moved to the city and feels lonely.A: Oh, good heavens, I forgot all about her. She‘s our new friend. You see, I‘m getting forgetful. I think I‘m getting old!B: Looks like you are, buddy. You‘d better start writing things down if they‘re important.MODEL2 I can’t think of it off the top of my head.ScriptJohn: Hey, Sue. Do you know what Jack‘s home phone number is?Susan: I can‘t think of it off the top of my head. I don‘t have my address book on me, and I don‘t have my mobile phone with me, either.John: That‘s too bad! I‘ve got to find him now. It‘s urgent! If I can‘t find him today, I‘ll be dead!Susan: You might want to look it up in the phone book.John: I‘ve checked already, but it seems that hid phone number is unlisted. Susan: Maybe it‘s under his roommate‘s name.John: Well, I guess so.Susan: Well, why don‘t you call Jane? She has his phone number.John: I‘ve tried, but no one answered!Susan: Maybe call his office and ask his secretary.John: I‘ve already tried. She won‘t tell me. She says it‘s private.Susan: Oh, that‘s right. They usually don‘t release private information over the phone.John: It‘s a pity. You usually have a powerful memory, but you can‘t help today.What‘s wrong with you? Your memory seems to be fading early.Susan: It‘s not my memory is fading. I do have memory for face and names, but a poor one for number and datesNow Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA:Hey, do you remember when is the lecture on the value of information by Professor Smith?B: I can‘t think of it off the top of my head. Maybe we can look it up in our notebook, but I don‘t have mine with me.A: That‘s too bas! I don‘t have it with me, either. Do you remember the number of the lecture hail?B: Sorry, I can‘t think of it off my head.A: I‘m terribly interested in the lecture. I can‘t miss it!B: Well, why don‘t you call the dean who arranged the lecture?A: I‘m afraid it‘s not very wise to ask the dean directly.B: Then maybe you can call the office if the department and ask the secretary.A: I‘ve already tried, but no one answered.B: Oh!A: You usually have a powerful memory, but you can‘t help today. You memory seems to be fading early.B: It‘s nit that my memory is fading. I do have a good memory for faces and names, but a poor one for numbers and dates.MODEL3 What‘s wrong with your memory?ScriptBill: Hi, honey! My trip to London was wonderful.Amy: Tell me what thrilled you most.[The telephone rings and Bill answers it....He hangs up.]Bill:Er, where was I?Amy: You were talking about your tour in London.Bill: Oh, yeah.Amy: I bet you had a great time.Bill: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the tower of London.Amy: How did you get there? By bus or underground?Bill: Let me see….Sorry, I can‘t remember any more.Amy: Wha t‘s wrong with your memory?Bill: I hope it‘s not Alzheimer‘s disease. I don‘t want to forget my own name. Amy: I don‘t think so. Perhaps it‘s just temporary forgetfulness. You‘ll be right after a good sleep.Bill: I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I must go to see a doctor and get some pillsAmy: It‘s not as serous as that. Anyway, I wish you had a good memory for happy events, and a bad one for unhappy things.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Hey, my trip to Beijing was fantastic.B: Tell me what thrilled you most.[The door bell rings and A answer it….A comes back.]A: Where was I?B: You were talking about your tour in BeijingA: Oh, yeah.B: I bet you had a great time.A: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, though the admission fees were a bit too high for me.B: What were the fees?A: Let me see….Sorry, I can‘t remember any more.B: Wha t‘s wrong with your memory?A: I hope it‘s not Alzheimer‘s disease. I don‘t want to see a lot of new people everyday.B: I don‘t think so. Perhaps you only forget things momentarily. You‘ll be right after a good sleep. A: I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I have to see a doctor.B: I don‘t think it‘s so serious. Anyway, a bad memory helps you forget your trouble.V. Let’s TalkScriptStudent:Professor, thank you for graining me this interview. I‘m Susan, a reporter from the Student Union magazine. Many students have difficultlymemorizing things. Since you‗re an outstanding psychologist, could yougive us some tips on how top improve our memory?Professor: Well, some people have better memories than others, but that‘s largely because they are better at creating mental images.Student: If I‘m not good at creating images, what can I do?Professor: Practice helps. And the mind remembers things better if they are connected with other images. For example, I you have to pick up severalitems at the grocery store, say, carrots, egg, bananas, and milk, you cancreate a picture in your mind of a giant carrot, and hanging from it, abanana.Student: Then I could have a giant milk carton pouring milk over the carrot and banana.Professor: Certainly. Then what would you do with the egg?Student:Hmmm. I‘d visualize an egg-shaped UFO flying across the sky. Professor:There you go. The more you apply the ideas, the easier it gets. Besides creating pictures, there‘s another technique that is very useful. Student:What is it?Professor:Establishing an association. Suppose you are looking for lost keys.Relax, and let your mind look for all the images connected with thosekeys--their feel, the sounds they make.Student:How will that help?Professor:You might remember the sound the keys made when you placed then ina drawer or cold touch of the keys in your jacket were you left them. Student: Oh my gosh! I have to run. It‘s time my English class. I see an image of my teacher staring at my empty seat in the classroom. Many thanks,Professor.Professor: Not at all, and good luck with your memory.B:And according to the interview, creating images helps remember things. If your shopping list includes eggs, you might visualize an egg or an egg-shaped UFO flying across.A:Another important factor in improving memory can be of interest. If you get interested in something, you can remember it better.B: Yeah. And if you recognize facts into meaningful groups, you can remember them better. For instance, if you want to memorize all the names of American presidents, it is not easy. If, however, you arrange them chronologically into three periods:those before Abraham Lincoln, those between Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt, and those after, then the task will be less difficult.A: It is common sense that if you glance at something quickly, you tend to forget it quickly. If you stuffy it slowly, you can remember it better.B: Another technique is intensive practice or repeating. As a saying goes, practice makes perfect. If you repeat something again and again, you will eventually learn it by heart.A:But we should not work too hard. When we get tired, our learning efficiency declines. We need breaks so the mind can rest and absorb what has been learned.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The Role Memory Plays in Our LifeScriptSince memory plays a significant role in our life, scrientists are increasingly interested in research on how to improver memory, Here are some factors they believe to be important to expanding memory capacity.To begin with, you must take special care in your daily life. Food for example, is very important. Some vitamins are essential foe your memory to work properly. They are found in bread, cereal, vegetables and fruits. Some experts say that synthesizes vitamins improve memory, but others have doubts about this, arguing that the studies have not confirmed they do work. Another essential factor is water. It helps to maintain the memory systems, especially in older persons. According to Dr. Roswell, lack of water in the body has an immediate and strong effect on memory; it can cause confusion and other thought difficulties. Sleep also plays a significant role. To be able to have a goof memory, we must allow the brain to have plenty of rest. While sleeping, the brain no longer controls the senses, and starts to revise and store the information one has receives. Lack of sleep would make one feel exhausted and would weaken one‘s ability to concentrate. Also, one‘ ability to store information would be affected.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Why are foods important in promoting memory according to the passage?3.To whom is water especially important in maintaining the memory system?4.What problem can a lack of water cause?5.Why is sleep important to memory?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.CTask 2: Where did the professor go?toothbrush.Task3: How to Remember NamesScriptYou just called the TV repair shop, and the voice on the other end of the line tells you, ―This is Don Smith‖.About 5 minutes later you tell your wife that ―this guy‖will be out to fix the TV in the morning. You can‘t think of his mane although you know he mentioned it on the phone.This happens all the time to just about any of us unless we have learned to concentrate and implant a name in our memory, right at the time we hear it. To do this, you must make a habit of repeating the name back to the person. This action will remind you to store the name in your ―memory bank‖each time you hear someone‘s name, and within a short time the ―repeating‖ process can be discontinuedWhen you meet someone in person, use the same procedure, and in addition, visualize something different, unusual or ridiculous about hid or her appearance, position, or actions that ―ties in ―with his or her name. Later, you may write the descriptive information on one side of a card and the name in the other side. Look at it repeatedly, see the ―picture‖ in your mind‘s eye as you look at the name; or when you see he name, visualize the ―picture‖ you have assigned to the name.Getting this system to work will require changes in your thinking, and it may take several days or several weeks to become proficient.News ReportA Dolphin ExhibitionScriptA recent art exhibition in Florida honored the animal often seen as man‘s most intelligent friend, the dolphin.The ―Dolphins on Parade‖ exhibition in the Florida Keys featured life-sized decorates dolphin paintings made of wood and the cost of materials. The dolphins were shown at area business and along the beach. Sponsors paid U.S. $750 to cover the artists‘ fee and the cost of materials.There were more than 100 dolphin themes, including a beer-belly dolphin. They showed the work of local artists, as well as the beach atmosphere the Keys are famous for.Probably the most unique was special because of its artist, Pandora. Pandora the dolphin painter is area dolphin, art the Dolphin Research center, in Marathon, Florida. The playful artist streaks colors across a dolphin painting holding a brush in its mouth.The exhibition was held by the Monroe [Florida] Council of the Arts as part of a plan to make the Keys an international arts center. The paintings were to be auctioned off in March, with the money earned going to community art programs.Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3.ScriptW: Have you chosen your elective for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but it‘s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I‘m gong to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?4.ScriptM: Did you go to that businesses lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes.W: I‘d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah‘s got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown‘s seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I‘m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here are preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How‘s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine‘s terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn‘t pull his weight and Suzie‘s never around. I don‘t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn‘t you? What‘s it like?M: It‘s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversation?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InTask1: On the First DayScriptHarrison: I‘m Harrison. Good to meet you. So you‘ve bought the books for this biology class.Jenny:Sure, I think everyone had to before class started.Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because it‘s still add-drop. Jenny: What‘s that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which one is best. Hey, where are you from?Jenny: Poland. Have you has this teacher before? I‘ve heard he is really good. Harrison: He‘s good if you‘re a hand-worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that‘s good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: You‘re welcome.…Professor: All right. See you guys next week.Student: See you.Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think about the professor‘s lecture?Jenny: I think half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: That‘s all right. A lot of what he said is explain in the reading/Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over? Harrison: No problem. We don‘t have class until Wednesday. Here you go. Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I‘m prepared for the seminar. Harrison: Yeah, participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Seeing that Jenny has bought the books for the biology class, Harrison says nobody does much on the first day because it‘s still add-drop, which means students are changing from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is really good. But Harrison warns her that the professor is good, only if students are hand-workers, for he expects a lot.After class, Jenny admits that half of what the professor said went over her head, and Harrison assures her that a lot of what the professor said is explained in the reading. When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison notes, he says ―on problem‖, for they don‘t have class until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says participation in the discussio n at the seminar is an important part of the education there.Task 2: Money for CollegeScriptRobert is a university student. He likes to have fun. But having fun was expensive, so he was rapidly running out of money. There was nothing to do to try to call his mother for help.―Hi, Mom. I certainly miss you and Dad. I…uh…got a big surprise this week in my physics course. We have to buy two new textbooks. I‘m going to need $100.‖―I understand,‖ said his mother, ―I‘ll send you the money right away. You left your calculus book here when you were home two weeks ago. Shall I mail that at the same time?‖―Oh, yeah. Thanks,‖ Robert said.Robert‘s mother made up a parcel with the calculus book and two checks, and mailed it to Robert that very day. When she returned from the post office, her husband was waiting for her.―Well, how much did you give the boy this time?‖ asked Dad.―I send two checks: one for $100 and the other for $1, 100,‖ answered Mom.―You‘re outing your mind,‖yelled Dad, ―That‘s $1,100. He‘ll just spend that in a couple of weeks. He‘s never going to learn the value of money that way.‖―Don‘t worry, honey,‖ Mom said, ―I taped the $100 check to the cover of his book, but I put the $1,000 one between the pages in Charper13!‖Keys: TFFFTTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a fewterms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, ―Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.‖Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A‘s, the secret of good reading is to be ―an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author‘s message‖.6.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting tostudy?7.What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam?8.What is the good thing all top students agree on?9.What does the speaker mean by ―an active reader‖?10.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Y ou’re just going to have study hardNora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I‘ve learned a lot. Chris: Only our first day back at school, and I already feel like I‘m up to my ears in homework.Nora: You‘re going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up. Chris:Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two books reports, a composition, an oral report, and a research project—all due before midterms.Nora: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit would rub off on you.Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend any articles and books? You‘d better find me the exact pages where I can find whatI want.Nora: You could borrow ideas from references, but if you quote without giving the sources, you‘re plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don‘t help me, I‘ll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test. Nora: Oh, no! If you‘re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably, you will have to repeat the year.Chris: All right, I‘ll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm I‘ll be burning the midnight oil.Now Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: We‘re going to have a test, and I also have a term paper to finish. But I haven‘t done a thing. I‘m really worried now.B: You‘re going to have to have to hit the books if you want to get good grades.A: But this course is so difficult that I already don‘t understand it at all.B: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit can help you. A: Better yet, maybe you could write a term paper for me.B: Forget it! That would be cheating.A:All right, all right. I have yet to write it myself. Maybe I can download some articles from the Internet and piece them together.B: You could borrow ideas from those articles, but if you quote without giving the sources, you‘re plagiarizing.A:Also, the test next week will be a headache. If you don‘t help me, I‘ll have to prepare a cheat-sheet and hide it in my hand during the test.B: Oh, no! If you‘re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F.A: I‘ll try to be careful.B: But if the professor catches you, you‘ll have to repeat the year. You‘re just going to have to study hard.A: Ok, I‘ll take your advice. The library‘s going to be my new home, and in the dorm I‘ll be burning the midnight oil.MODEL2 Which class do you prefer?ScriptChris:First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don‘t know how am I going to stay awake?Nora: I like Mr. Wood. He‘s interesting.Chris: He‘s boring! He could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game! Who do you have for economics?Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. She‘s smart. Students really learn a lot from her.。

VLS Ｂ３Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it’s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don’t understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM:Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.M: That’s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do?4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCsthat destroy the ozone layer.W:Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do?5. ScriptM: Hey, that’s an aerosol spray you’re using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer. W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn’t contain CFC s. And you’d better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent, so there’s no reason to panic. Q: What does the man mean?Keys: 1.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature! ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed:I think so. Umm…more now than before.Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today? Ed: Today…I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed: Umm…through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that.Martha:Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school? Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on. And also to prevent more problems from occurring. Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be? Ed: A new law for the environment? Umm…I’d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin,not just throw them everywhere because it’s just littering and I hate that. Sothey should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground. Martha:That’s a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?Ed: I’m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry.So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect nature ever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment, he said that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throws his trashinto the garbage bin.Task 2 River pollutionIf you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into a river, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably. Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish.Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entiresurface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.Questions and key1. What is the passage mainly about?D) The causes of river pollution.2. Why does the river water turn green?A) Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase.3. What harm does industrial waste cause?B) Poisoning.4. Which of the following is true of oil pollution?C) It prevents oxygen from entering the water.5. What harm can warm water in a river bring?D) Lack of oxygen.Task3: Curbing Carbon emissionsScriptAlthough it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power."Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of 60.06 million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to the internationalcommunity that 15 percent of our power will be generated from non-fossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only 7.8 percent.China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$34.6 billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$18.6 billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$2.5 billion.However, China's carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment.Questions and keyl. What is the passage mainly about?D) Cutting carbon dioxide emissions: China's achievements and problems.2. From four years ago until August this year, how many kilowatts of coal-fired plant capacity willhave been closed?D) More than 70 million.3. By 2020, what will be the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total power in China?A) 15%.4. Which of the following is true of the investment by China and the United States inclean energy last year?B) China's investment was almost twice as large as the United States'.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a problem arising from curbing greenhouse gas emissions?C) Causing more strikes.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weather?Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the weather has changed.John: What she means is the climate’s long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, “It’s all in your mind, Granny.”John: She’s right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain. Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny? John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.Nora: Think she’ll want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhouse gases?John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won’t stop it. Nora: I’ll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair. John: OK, joke about it, but it won’t be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceansrise.MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donations to save the rainforests.Chris: So what?Susan: So what?! Don’t you want to save the rainforests?Chris: But there’re no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates. Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation.Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know that?Susan: Well, I’ve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in the world’s rainforests, and 35 percent of the world’s plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.Chris: Wow, I’m impressed. So what else have you learned?Susan: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute!Chris: It’s terrible!Susan: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them. Now would you like to give a donation?Chris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy! , Many of the world’s plant and animal species exist only in rainforests. A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?B:Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn’t have a lot of forests compared with many countries.A: That’s true. I’ve just read an article about afforestation. China’s forest coverage rate was 18.21percent last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Don’t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just 16.55 percent.B: Any other good news?A: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it’s the world’s No.1 planter of trees.B: Wow, I’m impressed.MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. You’re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, that’s bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around my head. John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, I’ve heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them.John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it can travel very long distances.Susan: Normally, when there’s a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather.But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you can’t breathe, you can’t see well, and it’s dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And it’s not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes up very high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problem?Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is. John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid t address the environmental problem.V. Let’s TalkMan 1: Well, it's inspirational language which is nice and lovely and fluffy, but doesn't really actually commit anyone to doing anything, and so it's really hard totake to the bank. I mean, people's lives are on the line in the developing world where we are seeing the impacts felt first and foremost, And obviously the atmosphere simply can't take the kind of emissions we've been seeing in the business-as-usual scenario and there's no real commitment to change that. There's no real commitment to put serious money on the table and that's a big problem.[On-screen text: Wind Farm]This is a great photo op for all the world leaders, but if it's not backed by action, it really doesn't mean much at the end of the day.Man 2: What's in there is very disappointing. It does not constitute a_ a deal. It's a hollow shell that will need to be filled in, and it has some numbers, it talks about trying to avoid two degrees. That's the same language that the G8 used last July. But it lacks anything on emissions cuts as yet that would guarantee that we're actually on the, on track to get there. And the financing commitments... there is a mention of a 1OO-billion-dollar figure and the attempt to raise or mobilize that level of resources, but there's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways, as yet.Key(1) -b (2) - a (3) -h (4) -d(5)-g (6)-e (7)-c (8)-fVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The environment and the developmentScriptLi: Hi Professor Wang, I’m Li Lin, a correspondent from the University Newspaper. The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in the relationship between the environment and development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same time?Wang:There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train, over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people and governments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainable development”. This means today’s economic growth should not wipe out he resources and options for future generations. Planning and development should ensure not only economic growth, but also social advancement and environment health. In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled. Instilling principles of development into government planning, resource management and economic policy is the most important step China could take to solve its environmental problems.China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to the environment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the governmentbanned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protect forests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between environment and development persists. Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance between economic growth and the environment.Task 2:ScriptA United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists say the pollution could increase lung disease and cause early deaths. The cloud is also damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world in a week.The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries and power stations.Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs made the problem worse. Many poor people burn of fuels wood and animal waste in such stoves.Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfall levels in Asia. They say rainfall has increased over the eastern coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply over parts of northwestern Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rainfall over northwesternPakistan, Afghanistan, and western China by up to forty percent.Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify during the next thirty years as the population of Asia increase to an Estimated 5,000 million people.1.What is the true of the cloud of pollution?2.What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution?3.What does the cloud of pollution bring about?4.Why will the pollution intensify in the next 30 years, according to the passage?5.What do you think is the best title for the passage?Keys: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.CTask 3 Mountain regions face a number of dangers. ScriptMountain people around the world are in great danger of the negative effects of the worsening environment, according to a UN report.As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder places more accessible, environmental and social pressures on the world’s remotest regions increases.The UN has found that many mountainous regions—inhabited by one out of five of the world’s people—are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they ere like60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle grazing and agriculture.The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of its mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055.Biological losses are expected to be heavy. The mountains of Europe, part of California and the northwest Andes in South America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priority in conservation. The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problem facing mountain areas because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people. These people could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year. In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in search of work.Viewing and speakingScript and keyWeather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming, one which many people will pay attention to: There are (l)signs that Santa's home in the North may be in trouble because of (2)warmer temperatures.The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its (3)warmest winter in 40 years. As a result, there has been much less snow than usual-meaning no snowmen, no snowballs, and possibly not enough (4)snow for Santa to ride his sleigh on.More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa's wintry home town normally (5)attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millions of dollars.Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in (6)trouble if snow levels do not return to (7)normal. She explains: "Snow is really important for us, of course, for Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our winter tourism because winter is our (8)best season. It is really important for us."Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is a (9)one-time thing. Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santa does not have a (l0)white Christmas.。

Unit6II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW： Are those cigarettes yours？ I thought you quit。

If you go back to it, your teeth and fingers will be nicotine-stained； your breath and clothes will smell smoky。

M： I didn't。

I swear. Ads showing diseased lungs kept me from starting again。

Believe me, I'll never again be a slave to smoking.Q: Why didn’t the man go back to smoking?ScriptM: What’s that noise？It’s really loud！ Sounds like gunshots！W: It’s the local “youth” throwing firecrackers. Don’t go out.They’re likely to throw one at you or put one through the letterbox if you bother them.Q: What may the young people do?3. ScriptM: I wish I had left my wallet at home. But I’m sure I put it in my back pocket.W: Oh, no, it’s easy for a pickpocket to ta ke it from there. You should out your money in your breast pocket。

Unit 1Part OneExercise 21. Mike C2. Sam E3. Ted D4. Simon A5. Lilly BExercise 31. avoid power2. social outgoing3. reputation4. despite wittiest5. make up for protective6. describes7. perfectionist critical 8. matches 9. traits improved10. get rid of characteristicsPart TwoListening I Exercise 11. F2. F3. T4. F5. T6. T Exercise 21) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly7) look at my feet8) shy and silentListening II Exercise 11. sensitive/ caring independent / understanding2. good friend3. life people4. learning being awareExercise 21. B2. C3. A4. D5. BPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. ice-skating2. chemistry3. outgoing bright funny4. moody self-centered5. wavy blond medium height6. unner-upExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. F5. F 6 T Practice Two Exercise 11. Four2. Colleagues3. Teacher4. Susan5. Barbara\Exercise 21) Paul D E J 2) Susan B F 3) Maria C H4) Peter A G IPractice Three Exercise 11. Pedro energetic2. Mr. Miller patient3. Mr. Smith honest4. Jake stubborn5. Mrs. Duke creativePractice Four Exercise 11) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) TExercise 21) flattering 2) critical 3) popular 4) reserved 5) EnglishPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11) upset 2) sensible 3) lecture 4) calm5) strength6) landed 7) waving 8) perfectly 9) wildly 10) beeSection II1. B2. B3. D4. B5. D6. A7. C 8. BSection III1) secretary 2) hard-working 3) efficient 4) private5) army officer 6) help 7) fond8) independent9) shy 10) fifteenUnit 2Part OneExercise 21. C2. B3. D4. B5.AExercise 31. in your hand used to belong to2. practicing with3. talked to each other why not4. ask for find a way5. manage to his own love6. so foolishly jealous7. all three of them8. peacePart TwoListening I Exercise 11. B2. B3. A4. B5. CExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. T5. F6. TListening II Exercise 11. A2. A3. B4. C5. C Exercise 21. T2. F3. T4. T5. F6. F Listening III Exercise 11) stayed around 2) mouse catcher 3)rats and mice4) got a paw 5) weak and thin 6) make a wooden paw7) fastened it 8) grow sleek and fat9) managed10) peered out cautiously 11) seized it with 12) eighteen micePart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. B2. A3. A4. C5. DExercise 21. F2.T3. T4. F5.T 6 F 7.F 8.TPractice Two Exercise 11. C D J2. A E G H3. B F IExercise 21. A 2 .B 3. D 4.C 5. B 6. D Practice Three Exercise 11. B2. D3. C4. D5. AExercise 21. F2. T3. F4. F5.F6. TPractice Four Exercise 11. B 2 . C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A Exercise 21. F2. F3. T4. T5.FPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. C 2 . B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. CSection II1. T2. F3. F4. F5.T6. F7. T8. TSection III1.18672. shipped ( If these cattle could be brought to Abilene, they could be put on trains and shipped to cities in the North and East.)3. millionaire4. land5. cattle6. million7. cowboys 8. camera 9. hero 10. adventuresUnit 3Part OneExercise 21. D2. C3. B4. E5.AExercise 31. T2. F3. T4. T5.T 6 T 7.F 8.F 9. T 10. FPart TwoListening I Exercise 11. B2. C3. D4. AExercise 21. F2. T3. F4. T5. F6. TListening II Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4. DExercise 21. 30s2. male3. 1.904. long wavy5. heavily built6. light red sweater7. beardListening III Exercise 11. B2. C3. D4. AExercise 21. 4. 5.7Part Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. natural riches2.) desert 3) extinction4) species5) oxygen 6) economic 7) conservation8) valuable income9) awareness 10) slow downExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. TPractice Two Exercise 11. F2. F3. T4. TExercise 21. South America / pet food / enough protein/ develop2. much more/ Asia /Africa3. position / natural resources /gone down/steady4. continued to rise5. getting richer and richerPractice Three Exercise 11. the first few seconds2. so thin3. beings from another planet4. focused on5. looked directly at6. All around7. until now8. despair, grief and disgust 9. started crying10. who was sleeping peacefullyExercise 21. 2. 3.5.8Practice Four Exercise 11. B 2 . C 3. A 4. CExercise 21) love 2) together 3) mother 4) house5) school6) friends 7) father 8) month 9) beach 10) callPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11) complained about 2) work 3) got out of 4) on the ground 5) shocked 6) cold-blooded killing 7) investigation 8)drug dealing 9) concern 10) against 11) strong views 12) using drugs 13) too early 14) respectable 15) accused ofSection II1. C 2 . B 3. A 4. B 5. CSection III1. overcrowded cities2. poverty, disease3. the drift4. registration5. resentment6. attractive7. educa￥tion services 8. rural lifeUnit 4Part OneExercise 21. Computer programmer2. computer engineering3. internship4. lecture competition5. computer programming skills6. impatient7. constructive 8. medical research 9. management10. ￥3,600Exercise 31. 2.4. 6. 8. 9.11.12Part TwoListening I Exercise 12.3.4.5.7Exercise 21. weaknesses2. similar abilities and interests / important and challenging3. education promotion educated persons4. parents, teachers / benefit /give careful thought /useful suggestions / personal qualities5. getting money / our future happiness/ combinationListening II Exercise 11. choose their careers2. avoid certain careers3.different professions4.Children’s impressions and prejudices5. lawyers6. accountants7. scientists8. most popular9. least popular 10. ignoranceExercise 21. T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. TPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. D2. D3. A4. BExercise 21. sales manager2. salary3. sales commission4. a car5. travel round in6. experience7. university8. on a teamPractice Two Exercise 11.B2.B3. A4.C5. CExercise 21. 65 words 2 . 90 to 100 words3. with languages / translate letters/ answer the phone/ foreign visitors/ second foreign languagePractice Three Exercise 11. C2. A3. B4. D5. BExercise 21. ADF2. BF3. ACEPractice Four Exercise 11.sensitive extroverted2.kids3.doing a good job4. tolerance level5. patientExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. F5.TPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. 100 million2. 35 to 403. 7 to 84. office workers many professionals5. 8:00 to 4:006. eight-hour shifts7. Monday Thursday Saturdays Sundays8.choose their own working hours/freedom of choice /happy withSection II1. D2. A3. A4. C5. DSection III1. B2. C3. C4. D5. AUnit 5Part OneExercise 21. B2. A3. C4. E5. D6. F Exercise 31. over long distances2. look into3. five times4. individual / group5. sex-specific / males, females, strangers6. great apes7. teach /own kind8. raised/ held / look bigger9. round/ tail –wagging 10. feeding/ every directionPart TwoListening I Exercise 11. plays/ real people/ real life/ emotional problem/ loyalty/ popular2. public speech / make themselves taller/ political one-sided3. soft-soap/ praise/ kindExercise 21. F2. F3. T4. T5.T6.TListening II Exercise 11. C2. A3. DExercise 21. be understood easily2. necessary/ desirable3. splendid4. prevents from achieving5. anxiety / effectPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. D2. A3. B4. A5. B Exercise 21. permission / apply for2. application form / Web site3. regular mail / fax4. traveler’s checks/ credit cardsPractice Two Exercise 12. 3. 5Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5.T6.T Exercise 31. other native languages2. two3. more4. of their choice5. Spanish6. Indian Spanish7. English8. German9. FrenchPractice Three Exercise 11. learner/ teacher/ curriculum2. aptitude/ expectations/ goalsExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. F5.TPractice Four Exercise 11. C2. C3. A4. BExercise 21. Eggs and Toast2. realistic/ goals/ far better than/ forgetting3.determined/ personality/ culture4. unusual/ recite aloudPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. religions2. exist3. 40,0004. cave5. moon6. birth7. records8.agree9. by10. sense11. ourselves 12. inhabitSection II1. F2. T3. F4. T5.F6.T7.T8. TSection III1. A2. D3. C4. D5. B6. AUnit 6Part OneExercise 21. D2. A3. B4. C5. C6. A Exercise 31. farm animals /hold / feed2. small pets3. bury/ toss them out4. real shame5. dangerous/ destructive/bring disease6.have a point7. humanely /limit8. time/ money/ warm place9. isolated/ company 10. storm of debate Part TwoListening I Exercise 11. B2. C3. D4. BExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. F5.T6.TListening II Exercise 11. Her son2. snake/ crocodile3. quiet4. picky/ particularExercise 21. big2. dogs3. tiger4.bit5. cat6. friendly7. eat 8. clean 9. wash 10. space 11. noisy 12. train13. speak 14. keep 15. quietPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. 4.5.6.7Exercise 21. A2. B3. C4. A5.DPractice Two Exercise 11.3Exercise 21. for free2. small donation3. $204. hundreds5. eat little6. $507. annual shots8. numerous shots9. diseasePractice Three Exercise 11. C2. B3. D4. C5.AExercise 22.5.6.7Practice Four Exercise 11. C2. C3. A4. B5.D Exercise 21. crowding / water/ grass2. what is happening/ low3. target practice/ over the area4. gotten rid of / stayPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. F2. T3. F4. T5.F6.T7.T8. F9.F 10.TSection II1. A2. C3. D4. B5. B6. BSection III1. conserve nature2. donation3. eggs4. meat5. oil6. handbags7. shoes8. fur coats9. ivory10. reduced11. 5,000 12. embarrassed 13. advertise the furs14. export bans 15. importation 16. turtlesUnit 7Part OneExercise 21. C2. B3. C4. D5. AExercise 31. fun holiday2. natural scenery/ historical interest3. summer/ too cold4. long history/ vast territory5. feed the monkeys6. as many places as possible7. you name it8. host city/ ancient civilization / modern architecture9. city wall / treat yourselves 10. express trainsPart TwoListening I Exercise 11. C2. B3. B4. C5. D6. A Exercise 2Flight number SN 862 SN 863Time 17:50 on July 11 15:10 on July14Listening II Exercise 1B C F G H IExercise 2Part 1 F T T TPart 2 F F T FPart 3 T T T T FPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 1Advantages ADH Disadvantages E Exercise 21. C2. D3. B4. CPractice Two Exercise 11. seedy2. company3. shared4. noisy5. early6. private7. booking 8. convenient 9. restaurants 10. bathroomsExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. TPractice Three Exercise 11. Fuel2. Water3. Vehicles4. clothesExercise 21. passing lorries2. enough water3. drinking4. vehicle5. emergency6. self-sufficient7. car repairs8. cost mush / or be costly 9. sweaters 10. European winterPractice Four Exercise 1Occupations B a. actress A. b. actress and author1) A 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) A 7)A 8) BExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. F5.F6.T7.F8. TPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. F2. T3. T4. T5.FSection II1. B2. C3. C4. C5. A6. D Section III1. D2. B3. C4. D5. AUnit 8Part OneExercise 2Section A 5，7，1，4，6，3，2Section B 1) F H I 2) A 3) CEJ 4) BDGJExercise 31. passed out/ in shock2. back and forth3. knows the reason why4. no doubt/ living without her5. plays a great role6. brilliant boy7. very few cases8. deny/ nature9. bright or not/ CAN 10. thicker than/ genetic relationship11. react to / not to mention 12. hard decisionPart TwoListening I Exercise 11.F2.F3. T4. F5. TExercise 21. genes2. sex3. blood4. tooth5. mirror6. left-handed7. right-handed8. language9. young 10. alike 11. separated 12. apart 13. careers 14. interestsListening II Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4. DExercise 21. 4. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12Part Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 13. 6. 9Exercise 21. six2. four3. 1954. broad5. slim6. extended7. short 8. elbows 9. knees 10. size-14 11. lungs 12. heartPractice Two Exercise 11.19212. fit the child3. ordinary schools4. adult conceptionExercise 21. good being2. wise3. realistic4. psychology5. freedom to be themselves6. discipline7. suggestion8. religious instruction 9. scholars10. scholars 11. street cleanersPractice Three Exercise 11. C2. B3. C4. BExercise 2 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.FPractice Four Exercise 11) A 2) C 3) D 4) AExercise 21. F2. T3. T4. T5.T6.T Part Four Testing YourselfSection 11. talent2. dancing3.creative4. early5.physical6. energy7. less8. curiosity9. particularly 10. cause11. fundamental 12. meaning 13. superior14. fluently15. read 16. exceptional 17. preparation 18. fullySection II1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7.F 8 TSection III1. C2. A3. C4. B5.DUnit 9Part OneExercise 21. C2. C3. C4. W5. W6. C7. C8.C9.C 10.W11. W 12. W 13. C 14. W 15. W 16.C 17. W 18.WExercise 31. prefer / old-fashioned2. as old as3. account for4. own/ play/ earn a living5. very proud of6. 1.5 billion / had the chance7. hills / small bridges/ singing of birds8. full of energy9. holes / buttons/ precise notes 10. indirectly/ individualistic11. places great importance 12. a universal languagePart TwoListening I Exercise 11. restaurants/ airports/ supermarkets / banks2. A. attitudes/ in the right moodB. a better feeling/ the people around himC. happy/ work better3. A. World War II / happy/ calmB. a machine/ kinds of music / different times/ faster/ slowerExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5.T6.F7. T8. FListening II Exercise 11. eases their minds / operations2. classical / instrumental jazz3. A. reduce tension B. 50 / fifty male doctors C. MathematicsD. 1) quickly 2) calmly 3) chosen for them 4) No music5) the worstExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. F5.FPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1B D A CExercise 21. their own style2. the nature3. sounds / experimented4. songs records5. films/ awardsPractice Two Exercise 11. 1) 2) 3)2. 2) 1)Exercise 21. picks the strings2. as hard as3. makesthe notes4. on the strings5. manages the bow Exercise 31. learn2. carry3. popular4. satisfying5. progress6. easiest7. less satisfying8. most difficultPractice Three Exercise 11. T2. T3. T4. F5.F6.F7.F8. TExercise 2Bruce Springsteen: communicative, direct, exciting, simplerSting: naturalPeter Gabriel：musicalBranford Marsalis: brilliant, humorous Youssou N’Dour：not so heavy/ rhythmic/ sophisticated/unusualPractice Four Exercise 11. A2. B3. A4. C5. AExercise 21. T2. N3. T4. F5.TPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. T2. F3. F4. T5.F6.T7.T8.TSection II2. 4.7. 8. 10. 12Section III1. falling2. nice3. cold4. inside5. raining6. tears7. happen 8. arms 9. fire 10. goneUnit 10Part OneExercise 21. F2. F3. T4. F5.T6.F7. T8. TExercise 31. terrible rubbish / deafening/ stand2. slow-paced/ peaceful3. concentration on them4. dreamt of / afford5. dwell on the past / more freedom5. keep up with/ totally different 7. have a date8. on the Net/ not unusual 9. adapt to / we have been saying10. kept complaining / let it bePart TwoListening IExercise 1 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. BExercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.FListening II Exercise 11. quietly2. myself3. pity4. sympathy5. Understanding6. favor7. rocking8. wrong9. tired10. lazy11. same 12. luckyPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1 1. name of the ship2. number of people/ passengers3. names of the people/ passengersExercise 21. N2. F3. T4. F5. TPractice TwoExercise 1 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8. TExercise 21. marvelous2. shines3. lovely4. little team5. the best players6. football stadium7. public8. name 9. notice board 10. in two weeksPractice ThreeExercise 11. beginners’2. copy down3. days of the week4. an 8th day5. sure enough6. convince7. Australia8. that oneExercise 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.TPractice FourExercise 11. work, family, health, friends, spirit2. work / bounce back / marked/ damaged Exercise 21. undermine your worth2. special3. set your goals4. take for granted5. meaningless6. slip through your fingers7. all the days 8. give up 9. stop trying10. encounter risks11. to be brave 12. shut 13. give 14. hold 15. wings16. learn 17. treasure 18. retrieved 19. race 20. journeyPart Four Testing YourselfSection I 1. D 2. B 3. D 4.C 5. A Section II 1. C 2. B 3. D 4.A 5. B Section III1. interpret2. forest3. flowers4. chased5.run6. catch7. jumped8. giant9.long 10.black11. white 12. shaking 13. wet 14. sweet15. delicious16. angel 17. grave 18. nights 19. days 20. taste。

Unit 3 PsychologyC. Listening ExerciseListen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear.1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido?A. He doesn’t like his master any more.B. He has just moved to a new place.C. He gets up late every morning.D. He has been quite nervous and restless.2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do?A. He should take Fido to the vet.B. He should put Fido on medication.C. He should take Fido for a walk.D. He should let Fido play fetch.3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog?A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday.B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog.C. He will try his best to perk up his dog.D. He will put his dog on medication.4. What does the scientific research tell us?A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans.B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill.C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs.D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry.B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill.C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs.D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions.Script:Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong?Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this.Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday?Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before.Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill.Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication.Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion?Harry: Yeah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.Jenny: Oh, no! I don’t know whether it’s good or not… I have a friend who put her dog on antidepressants, but I don’t think it’s fair to make an animal take drugs when he has no say.Harry: I agree sometimes pet-owners might go overboard, but they just want their pets to be happy and healthy. Oh, if only my Fido becomes his normal playful self again!Jenny: But is it ridiculous to spend so much money on an animal when there are people going hungry everywhere?Harry: I’ll tell you what. Some scientists have been using a Magnetic Resonance Scanner to learn about dog emotions. The research shows that they are quite similar to the emotions of humans.Jenny: Really? It’s unbelievable!Harry: Yes. They have now confirmed what many dog owners already knew. Dogs can understand our feelings! Researchers say that the finding is not just important to dogs and the people who love them, but it establishes a new type of comparative brain science and expands the possibilities for research. Jenny: Wow, seems that you know a lot about scientific research!Harry: Well, for Fido, I have made myself become an expert!Exercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea of it and complete the summary.Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Some of the personal factors are known as dispositional factors, while external things are known as situational factors. Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. In 1890, William James published Principles of Psychology.Exercise 2 Listening and Note-takingListen to the first part of the text and take necessary notes with symbols and abbreviations with the prompts of the following words.Psychology — sci entific study of indiv idual behav ior & and ment al proc esses Psychologists — use their res earch to pred ict & and (ctrl) control behav ior Dispositional factors — Genet ic makeup, pers onality traits, att itudes, ment al state Situational factors — sens ory stimul ation, rew ards, act ions of other people Exercise 3 In-depth ListeningListen to the second part of the text and complete the table below.Who When Where WhatWilhelm Wundt in 1879in Germany Founded the first experimentalpsychology laboratoryG. Stanley in 1883at the Johns Hopkins Founded the first AmericanHall University in the US psychological laboratory likeWundt’sWilliam James in 1890in the US published the most importantpsychological text of all time,Principles of PsychologyScript:What makes us similar to other people and yet so uniquely different? Why do we think, feel and behave as we do? Are we molded more by heredity or shaped by experience? How can the same brain that gives us the capacity for creativity, rationality and love also become the crucible for mental illness?Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. Psychologists then try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. Ideally, out of their basic research will come solutions for the practical problems that plague individuals and society.Whatever type of behavior psychologists look at, whether it’s laughing, crying, making war, or making love, or anything else, they try to make sense of it by relating the observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. For example, my genetic makeup, personality traits, attitudes and mental state are some of the personal factors involved in my behavior. They’re known as dispositional factors. They’re internal, characteristics and potentials inside me, while external things such as sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people are known as situational factors. They come from the outside, from the environment in which my behavior takes place.Modern psychology began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental psychology laboratory in Germany. Wundt trained many young researchers who carried on the tradition of measuring reactions to experimental tasks such as reaction times to sensory stimuli, attention, judgment and word associations. The first American psychological laboratory like Wundt’s was founded at the Johns Hopkins University in 1883 by G. Stanley Hall. Hall, the first president of the American Psychological Association, introduced Sigmund Freud to the American public by translating Freud’s General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. But 1890 may stand as the most significant date in psychology’s youth. That’s when William James published what many consider to be the most important psychological text of all time, Principles of Psychology. James was a professor of psychology at Harvard University, where he also studied medicine and taught physiology. James was interested in all the ways in which people interact with and adapt to their environment, and so he found a place in psychology for human consciousness, emotions, the self, personal values and religion. But the Wundtian psychologists like G. Stanley Hall rejected James’ ideas as unscientific and soft. They argued that psychology should be patterned after the model of the physical sciences, so they focused their study on topics like sensation and perception--on psychophysics, measuring mental reactions to physical stimuli. Later they added investigations of how animals acquire conditioned responses and how humans memorize new information. These differences among psychologists inwhat should be studied and how one should go about it are still with us a century later. Text B LiespottingExercise 1 Global UnderstandingListen to the text for the first time, focus on the global idea and then choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Which of the following is NOT a sign to show that Bill Clinton was a liar?A. He used a non-contracted denial.B. He used “that woman” to refer to Miss Lewinsky.C. He tried unconsciously to distance himself from his subject.D. He peppered his account with a little too much detail.2. What can you learn from the text?A. Only trained liespotters can detect lies.B. A fake smile will betray a liar.C. Liars don’t dare to look people in the eyes.D. Liars rehearse their words and gestures.Exercise 2 Listening for detailsListen to one part of the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1. Attitude is the most important indicator in detecting lies. (NG)2. A person’s enthusiasm may indicate his dishonesty. (F)3. An honest person will keep silent since he believes in his innocence. (F)4. An honest person is eager to help you get to the truth. (T)5. An honest person will not be infuriated during the interview. (F)Exercise 3 Compound DictationListen and complete the summary below with the missing words from the text. People deceptive may be withdrawn, look down, (1) lower their voice, (2) pause, or herky-jerky. They are going to (3) pepper their story with too much (4) detail and in strict (5) chronological order. A trained interrogator will ask them to tell the story (6) backwards, and then track the deceptive tells. People rehearse their (7) words, but not their (8) gestures.Script:Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. The rest of us, we’re only 54 percent accurate. Why is it so easy to learn? Well, there are good liars and there are bad liars. There are no real original liars. We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques. So what I’m going to do is I’m going to show you two patterns of deception. And then we’re going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. We’re going to start with a speech.Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. I’m going to say this again. I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you.Pamela Meyer: Okay, what were the telltale signs? Well first we heard what’s known as a non-contracted denial. Studies show that people who are over-determined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. We also heard distancing language: “that woman”. We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject using language as their tool. Now if Bill Clinton had said, “Well, to tell you the truth ...” or Richard Nixon’s favorite, “In all candor ...” he would have been a dead giveaway for any lies potter than knows that qualifying language, as it’s called, qualifying language like that, further discredits the subject. Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety, or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we’re all really glad he didn’t do that -- he would have further discredited himself. Freud had it right. Freud said, look, there’s much more to it than speech: “No mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips.” And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. We all chatter with our fingertips. I’m going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who’s chattering with his fingertips.Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language. With body language, here’s what you’ve got to do. You’ve really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. Because we think liars fidget all the time. Well guess what, they’re known to freeze their upper bodies when they’re lying. We think liars won’t look you in the eyes. Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth. We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity. But a trained lie spotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. Can you all spot the fake smile here? You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. But the real smile’s in the eyes, the crow’s feet of the eyes. They cannot be consciously contracted, especially if you overdid the Botox. Don’t overdo the Botox; nobody will think you’re honest.Now we’re going to look at the hot spots. Can you tell what’s happening in a conversation? Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone’s words and someone’s actions? Now I know it seems really obvious, but when you’re having a conversation with someone that you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators.An honest person is going to be cooperative. They’re going to show they’re on your side. They’re going to be enthusiastic. They’re going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. They’re going to be willing to brainstorm, name suspects, provide details. They’re going to say, “Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks.” They’re going to be infuriated if they sense they’re wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they’ll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview. And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, an honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment.Now let’s say you’re having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive. That person may be withdrawn, look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky. Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they’re going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. And then they’re going to tell their story in strict chronological order. And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they’ll watch them squirm, and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. Why do they do that? Well we all do the same thing. We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures. We say “yes”, we shake our heads “no”. We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. Now that smile is known in the trade as “duping delight”. Part IV HomeworkA Listening TaskListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Some colors that people see late at night could cause (1) signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in (2) low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a (3) severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and (4) thoughts of death or suicide.In the new study, American investigators (5) designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they (6) sleep during the day and are (7) active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much (8) sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the (9) more depressed animals drank the (10) least amount of water.Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in (11) blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the (12) dim red light, but they did not.” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina, have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send (13) signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the (14) natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light, this explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness. Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people whowork late at night, or those who like to stay up late. “My (15) recommendation is if you are just living a typical mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the (16) exposure to TVs which are quite (17) bluish in the light they give off and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen and on your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the (18) reddish light.” The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.。