国际交流英语视听说1further listening听力原文

Analytical Listening 1A Lecture0K，everyone, what I want to do today is continue our discussion about cities and the challenges they face, and, I"d like to focus on the city of Venice, in Italy, which is an extraordinary example.0.35So, to begin with, let’s review a few of the points we’ve discussed so far. Remember that, for centuries, the city has been struggling with the problem of flooding. As you know, the regular flood waters- called the acquaalta- are a big problem in the city. You may also recall that the government has started the innova tiv e MOSE project to build water barriers and stop flooding from the ocean.Now, flooding is an important issue, but many Venetians say that the city has more serious problems than the acqua alta or the MOSE project. And most of these problems have to do with tourism.Of course, tourism has both the positive and negative side. Tourism is extremely profitable. But the problem in Venice is too many tourists.* 1.02-For example, in 2007 the number of Venetian residents was 60,000. And what do you think the number of visitors to Venice was in that year? Twenty-one million! Recently, on a single holiday weekend in May, 80,000 tourists visited the city. Public parking lots filled up and were closed.And tourists walked through the streets eating and drinking and leaving a lot of trash behind.The result is that Venice's city services just can't handle so many people. The city has to pay more and more money for garbage collection to clean up all of the trash.In addition, public transportation on the famous boats and gondolas is so crowded that Venetian residents can barely find room to get on.Along with trash and crowded transportation, city residents also have to deal with higher prices for food and for housing. Food prices continue to rise around the city. Some cafe’s charge as much as 13 U.S. dollars for a soft drink! In the Rialto Maket area with many shops and stores, someof the grocery stores have been replaced by souvenir shops, which means that Venetians have fewer places to buy their groceries.2.15-In popular tourist areas, rent has almost tripled, and many small localbusinesses -for example, toy stores and hardware stores can’t afford to pay.2.25Let me add that there is a serious housing problem in Venice. At one time, there were regulations making it illegal to convert residential buildings into hotels. But a law in 1999 removed those regulations, and the housing problem got even worse. Since then, the number of hotels and guess houses has increased by 600 percent, and the number of houses that are available for local residents has gone down.2.52These days, housing is only affordable for the very rich or for people who already own houses because they’ve been passed down by family. Young Venetians simply can’t afford to buy any property in the city. This has forced a huge number Venetians residents to move out of the city.3.10Thirty years ago, the population of Venice was around 120,000. Now its less than 60,000.So, why does Venice continue to encourage tourism when it causes so many problems? Mainly its because tourism in Venice generates more than two billion U.S. dollars a year in revenue.3.30And many think that the amount is much higher. Also, there’s a lot offinancial pressure on Venice. The cleaning of canals, restoration of old structures, and the MOSE project are all very expensive. Tourism brings in money to help the city solve these problems. Another point I want to make is that many people in Venice have jobs related to tourism.3.53As more tourists come to the city, hotels, restaurants, and museums need to hire more workers. In fact, the city of Venice has a lower unemployment rate than the rest of Italy, and it’s likely a result of the tourism industry.4.08Some people think that Venice is to blame for its own problems---that these problems are the result of greed for tourists’ money. There’s a lot of talk about limiting tourists, taxing tourists, and even asking tourists to avoid the busy seasons of Easter and Canival. However, as you can see, maximizing the number of tourists in Venice is also necessary. So, there seem to be no simple solutions to Venice’s tourism problem.Listening 2 A Conversation between ClassmatesM: Hi, Linda. I’ve been looking for you. I wanted to return your notes from the lecture on Singapore. Thanks for letting me borrow them.F: No problem. Sony that you missed class. Are you feeling better?M: Yes, a lot better, thanks. Do you have time to answer a few questions for me? There were a few things in your notes that I didn’t understand. F: Sure.M: OK. So first, you wrote here“Singapura--lion”. What did you mean by that?F: Oh, that’s an easy one. Singapura is the original name for Singapore. It means “lion city". And the symbol of the country is the Merlioit’s a unique creature with the head of a lion and the body of a fish. The head of the lion relates to the name Singapura. And the body of the fish is because Singapore started off as a fishing village.M: Interesting. Do you remember when modern Singapore was founded?I couldn’t really read your handwriting here.F: Um, I think it was 18 something ... maybe 1819? So, you know, it's still a young country.M: OK. I don’t really understand the section of your notes about Singapore’s challenges. Could you explain that a bit more?F: Sure. For one thing, Singapore doesn’t really have much land, oil, wood, or other natural resources. Oh, and another thing ... um, there’s also mix of people from different ethnic groups and with different religions and languages. They’re all trying to conform to the laws and livetogether in a small space.M: I didn’t know that.F: It’s also a really small country about 270 square miles, which is the size of the state of Hawaii.M: Uh-huh.F: And it’s 100 percent urbanized all the people live in built-up areas. You probably read in my notes that Singapore has a very powerful economy for such a small country.M: Yes, I remember that part. Your notes said that Singapore was ranked second in the world for having an innovative economy. So, its economy is compatible with the economy of many larger countries.F: It definitely is. And a lot of people think that Singapore couldn’t have achieved that kind of success without Lee Kuan Yew.M: He was the first prime minister, right?F: Right. He was prime minister for, uh, 30 years, or something. And he stayed active in politics until he retired. It was recently, maybe 2011? So, his ideas dominated Singapore politics for over 50 years.M: You know, the Singaporeans I've met all work very hard. They seem to want to be number one in everything.F: I think youre right. It’s probably got to do with the spirit of kiasu.M: Kiasu?F: Yes, it means “afraid to lose". It’s an idea that some people haveintenalized, and it makes them work hard to be the best. For example, Singapore has one of the world’s busiest shipping ports, and it has one of the world’s best health care systems.M: That’s impressive. What about the law in Singapore? What did you write about chewing gum?F: Well, you can’t sell chewing gum in Singapore. It’s illegal, and the police enforce that law. Spitting on the street can also get you a huge fine. And then there’s a fine for forgetting to flush the toilet in a public place.M: I think that the laws seem way too strict, don’t you?F: Actually, no. I don’t think so. Those laws make Singapore one of the cleanest and safest places to live in the world. In my opinion, I’d rather have strict laws and safe streets than lenient laws and more crime. M: Hmmm. I’m not so sure about that. I think it's a debatable point. But I agree that Singapore is an interesting place.F: Definitely.M: OK, I think you’ve answered all my questions.F: Good.M: Thanks again for your notes. See you next class.F: Yes, see you then.Viewing the WorldNarrator: The Tuareg people have a proud tradition as nomads. But a long drought forced some to settle along the lake and try farming. Here, on the edge of Lake Gossi in Mali, they’ve made the Sahel bloom, and in turn attracted a group of giants. In the dry season, Omar Sowadou has come to expect these visitors.Omar Sowadou Farmer): We are living here in this area, just beside the water. Of course, we use the water for our garden, and for our animals. But elephants, they come to drink water, of course, and they want to cool down their body, so all of us，we share the same Water. Narrator: During the day, an uneasy peace settles otlor lake. People fill their goatskins. The elephants drink. But when night falls, the truce will be broken.Omar Sowadou: After drinking they come straight away to the garden because they smell food--trees and crops. So we have to protect our garden.Narrator: It takes more than brush fences to keep out three tons of hungry elephant.Omar Sowadou: If an elephant spends just half an hour in a garden, he will eat at least 30 percent of it, and this is the big danger for farmers.Narator: To lose a third of their crop is a catastrophe for any farmer, especially here. And this is not your average garden pest. As the sun sets the battle line are drawn.Omar Sowadou: The farmer digs holes to keep the elephant away from the farm, to not damage the farm, but it is not enough. They come all the time, spoil a lot of things, and you cannot even get to sleep during the night. It becomes like a nightmare.Narrator: Tonight, the nightmare appears- and the farmers are ready. At first light, Omar finds He’s had a near disaster.Omar Sowadou: I discovered that there were two elephants in the garden. I followed their footprints to the next garden. I found out that they damaged a lot of crops and trees. I do remember since I was a kid we are doing the same things every year, and for sure I will do it in the future, every year, and this is the daily fight among us and elephant. Every time we are facing the same problem with elephant, every year.Narrator: Throughout Africa, elephants and people do battle. For now, the elephants have headed south to search for fresh food. But in six months, they"Il be back, and once again Omar Sowadou will not sleep.Further Listening 1Finding affordable land for housing is a challenge XX many of the world's largest cities. Some residents of Tokyo, Japan, have found a solution to this problem. They are building homes on pieces of land as small as 344 square feet (32 square meters). These micro homes allow people to live close to central Tokyo and cost much less than other homes in the city. Many micro-homes have several floors and big windows that maximize sunlight.Many cities have problems with air pollution and smog. What can big cities do to regulate the amount of air pollution and smog generated by cars and factories? An Italian company has come up with an innovative tool to reduce pollution: smog-eating cement. The cement contains a substance that converts pollution into harmless chemicals. The harmless chemicals wash off roadways when it rains. Smog-eating materials are also being used in roof tiles in Los Angeles, California, the smoggiest city in the United States.Cities must find creative ways to build public parks, gardens, and outdoor areas when space is limited. In New York City,the High Line was an unattractive black steel structure that once supported railroad tracks. Today, the High Line has been restored as an elevated urban park. The park was financed by donations, and now it is one of the most inviting public spaces in the city. Visitors can walk through the gardens, relax on the sun deck, and attend public art exhibits and special events.Listening 2Welcome to Venice, everybody! To start our tour today, I want to tell you about a challenge we face in our beautiful city: floods. You see, a large portion of Venice was built on a salt marsh. City planners had to find a way to maximize space and use every part of the marsh. Builders placed hundreds of wooden logs deep into the marsh. Then they placed building foundations on top of the logs. By doing this, they were able to convert the salt marsh into land for farming. But the salt marsh is like a giant sponge. The weight of the city pushes down on the salt marsh and buildings slowly sink into the water. High tides, called acqua alta, are also a problem. Now, Venice floods on a regular basis. Venetian residents are used to the floods, but our old and beautiful buildings suffer. Manystructures are damaged by the water and the restoration of these buildings is very expensive.The city is now building water barriers that will stop seawater from flooding the city. This innovative project is called MOSE, and it will be completed soon. The cost of this project is already more than seven billion dollars. Some people argue that the project violates government regulations and is illegal. Others believe that the water barriers will interfere with the beauty of the city and will cause tourists to leave. heagpe this does not happen, because tourism generates business for shops, restaurants, and hotels. Financial support is necessary to help pay for the MOSE project. So thank you for coming to Venice!Listening 3Keeping rivers clean is a challenge for most large cities. In the 1900, rivers in many cities were polluted by harmful chemicals, and raw sewage from nearby industries. Fish were often missing from urban rivers completely. Today, some large European cities are successfully in keep their rivers clean. More and more fishermen are catching fish in rivers. Following through cities, such as London, Paris and Stockholm. Even fishes that require very clean water to live such as salmon and troutare being caught. Why are the fish returning , a couple of reasons have been suggested. One reason is the disappearing of the industry that is the used to pollute the rivers. Though new pollution laws and water rules have also helped make rivers cleaner. Not all the rivers has been cleaned up. But, the signs of recovery are promising for European’s urban rivers.。

Unit 1I think one of the most important keys to learning English is to establish a regular study program, like planning a few minutes every morning around breakfast time. This idea may sound a little too simple to the learners, because they took English in high school for quite a few years, but they didn't become proficient speakers of the language. As a matter of fact I do not mean that we can become fluent speakers with just a few minutes here and there, but following a regular and consistent course of study can help us on the way to language mastery. In other words, people need to plan out their study by setting realistic and attainable goals from the beginning. Some people get caught up in the craze of learning the language in 30 days, only to give up when they can't perform up to their expectations. And small steps, little by little, are the key. For example, planning to learn five new vocabulary words a day -- and to learn to use them actively -- is far better than learning 30 and forgetting them the next day.Unit 2Generally, people travel by car, bus or subway in America. Rarely is a bicycle used as a method for transportation. In many cities and towns, Americans choose to walk. Walking is considered one of the best ways to stay healthy. It is the world's most natural exercise. About 50 million Americans are active in what is called "fitness" walking. They take short walks a few times each week to improve their health. Fitness walking can be done almost anywhere, anytime. No special equipment is needed. Experts advise drinking lots of water before and after each walk. They say the most effective way to walk is the natural way. A new study has provided details about the link between walking and your emotional health. A professor at California State University asked a group of students to describe their feelings of energy and tension. Then he sent them on a fast walk for 10 minutes. When the students returned, they reported feeling less tired and more energetic. The professor found short walks could also help make personal problems seem less serious. Indeed, one group of people said their problems didn't seem as bad as they had been before they went for a fast 10-minute walk.Unit 3You may have a lot of friends and expect your friendships to last a lifetime. However, lifelong friendships are not always what everybody can get. Friends sometimes misunderstand each other. For one thing, you may want your friends to be near at hand, but also you need your independence and privacy. For example, when one of your friends comes asking if it is all right to spend the evening in your house, sometimes you just say "no" to him or her because it is not convenient for you. Unfortunately, not all your friends understand this type of independence. They believe that friends can ask for any favor and the answer should always be "yes". Also, misunderstanding sometimes occurs when you ask for help. You expect your friends to help you no matter what the circumstances are. But the fact is, your friends may not always drop everything to satisfy each of your needs. This may make you angry with them and your friendship could fade. The most important thing for you and your friends to do is to always show understanding and respect foreach other.Unit 4You may not believe that our mental energy varies from season to season. But some people think that it does. Research has shown that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. Scientists have discovered that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. People seem to be a lot sharper in spring than they are in any other season. One reason may be that in spring people's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in nature. Fall is the next-best season, then winter. Summer seems to be the best time to take a long vacation from thinking. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of most people tend to be lowest in summer. Be aware of these facts, and you will bring your talent into full play.Unit 5The term GM foods refers to those produced with the latest genetic engineering techniques. In 2000, countries that grew 99% of the global GM crops were the United States, Argentina, Canada, and China. The next decade will see rapid development in GM products. GM foods may solve many of the world's hunger problems, and help protect the environment. Yet there are many challenges ahead for governments, especially in the areas of human and environmental safety, labeling and consumer choice, ethics, food security, regulation and international policy. Many people feel that genetic engineering is inevitable and that such a technology should be put to use. However, others warn that we must take care to avoid causing unintentional harm to both human health and the environment as a result of our enthusiasm for this powerful technology.Unit 6Steven had a temperature of 100. His head was stuffed; his bones ached and his throat was sore. He knew he had the flu. All his roommates had been sick with it. He had used up all the special creams and herbs that his mother had carefully packed and put in his suitcase, saying, "Just in case you get sick." After three days of lying in bed, feeling miserable, Steven decided to go to the doctor. He described all his symptoms and was sure the doctor would give him a shot that would make him feel much better. Instead, the doctor told him to get plenty of rest and to drink lots of liquids. She gave him a prescription to fill and said in two or three days he would be feeling better. As he left, the receptionist told him his visit would cost $50. Steven paid the money in cash and left the doctor's office feeling very angry.Unit 7Because credit cards have so many advantages, their use has become widespread. Unfortunately, however, credit cards are major sources of problems to society as a whole. First, there is the issue of fraud. Stolen credit cards add to the cost of all merchandise as companies write off these losses by adding to the cost of all goods. Second, there are the personal misfortunes. Credit card companies charge exceptionally high rates of interest (about 20%), but because the cards are so easy to use, many people buy beyond their ability to repay. Also, there are often too generous limits to the amount of credit one can have; as a result, many people run up such high debts that they go bankrupt. Currently, it is easy for people to own many credit cards. When one credit card is "maxed out" they simply switch to another. Although individual credit cards have limits, the number of credit cards is not limited. People with ten credit cards, each with a $5,000 limit, have $50,000 of credit, even though they might not be able to pay all of their bills. This can easily lead to bankruptcy. Perhaps people should be given an absolute credit limit set as a certain percentage of their income.Unit 8Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I've called this meeting to discuss our new campus which is opening fully next year. We plan to move our students to the new facilities in groups, so please listen carefully. The Agricultural Science students won't move at all. As you know, their new facilities were opened last year, and they are well placed for both laboratory and classroom space. The Arts students, however, are a different case. History students are all moving, but unfortunately their teachers will be left in the old building, as the new office accommodation isn't yet ready. Better news for the engineers. Your faculty, staff and students, are already in the process of moving to the new campus. The lab is already in operation. The move for the engineers should be completed next week. The old engineering building will be taken over by the Philosophy Department. The Faculty of Law has been moved downtown. This leaves vacant the premises previously occupied by the lawyers. The planning committee is accepting suggestions for the way school buildings could be used. So, if you have further doubts or questions, please let us know. Thank you.Unit 9The Internet is a global network, but in many ways it's like a small town with similar services to offer. There are electronic post offices to send and receive e-mail, functioning somewhat more efficiently than the Post Office we know. There are libraries of information that stay open 24 hours a day with millions of books and documents to browse or search through on the World Wide Web or WWW. You can also enjoy real-time text-based communication, using written or printed material to communicate with others immediately and almost "face to face". Local coffee shops are seen in the guise of chat rooms, with people dropping by at all hours of the day and night to socialize. Online education and training is available just as it is in a "bricks and mortar" university or school. Online banking offers you all the services available at your local bank, without fearingto be mugged at an ATM. You can buy almost anything, listen to your local radio stations or do your grocery shopping. Indeed, the Internet is your town in a box!Unit 10While for many people the holiday season is joyous and hopeful, others may find it just as stressful as interviewing for a new job. Many factors can contribute to the holiday blues. To begin with, there are more parties to attend and more shopping trips to make. But this doesn't mean we work fewer hours or get a break from household duties we just try to do more things in a single day. Then there are the financial burdens. The rewards of being generous to close friends and family may outweigh the price tag and what about extended family, old friends from school, and co-workers? Don't they deserve gifts? And finally, the holidays can be truly painful when we recall the loss of those who are no longer celebrating with us because of death, distance or divorce. However, the good news is that it's usually possible to prevent the holiday blues by diversifying your holiday plans.。

Lead in > Task 1near electric devices some place that forbids parking in public buildingsat a pool or lake by the road in the schoolListening skills: Listening for detailsItalian investigators are trying to discover what caused a small private plane to crash into Milan's tallest building on Thursday, killing at least three, injuring dozens more and making a big hole in the 32-story building.The aircraft was piloted by a 68-year-old Swiss man. It hit the 26th floor of the tower in an apparent accident at 5:48 p.m., 18 minutes after taking off, Italian officials said.An Italian police officer said they had no evidence of a link to terrorism. An intelligence official in Washington told the media that, in spite of past warnings, there was no information about a possible terrorist attack aiming at Italy.Milan fire brigade officials said the aircraft had only the pilot and no passengers, according to the flight plan. It was on fire as it flew into the tower. There was an explosion in the building when the four-seat plane hit, but there was no danger that the building would collapse, the police said.Listening in > Task 1Lisa:Do you wear the seat belt every time you drive or ride in a car?Mike:No. Seat belts are for chickens. Besides, I'm a great driver.Lisa:The chances of being injured in a car accident this year are one in 75. I think that's worth thinking about seriously.Mike:Have you ever been involved in an automobile accident?Lisa:Only once. My car slid on a rainy night and went off the road. Fortunately,I was wearing my seat belt.Mike:I've never had a serious accident.Lisa:My brother was more unlucky than I was. Last December he was almost killed in an accident. He was in the back seat of his friend's car when it rolled.He wasn't wearing a seat belt.Mike:Wow, that's terrible!Lisa:Fastening your seat belt should be an automatic thing. You should do it as soon as you get into your car. But too many people still refuse to wear them.Mike:It's just hard for me to get in the habit of wearing one.Lisa:All it takes is one close call and you'll wear your seat belt.Mike:OK, I've got the message. From now on I'll fasten my seat belt.Listening in > Task 2One day, two friends were driving downtown when they came to an intersection with a traffic light. The light was red but the driver sped right through it. The passenger looked in terror at the driver and shouted, "What the hell are you doing? You're going to get us killed!"The driver replied, "Don't worry. My mom always drives like this and she is all right." Later, they came to another traffic light and that too was red. Again the driver shot right through the light. Again the passenger looked at the driver and shouted, "I thought I have told you, you would get us killed! Would you please stop this nonsense!?"The driver looked at the passenger and answered, "All right! I get it, but I told you my mom drove like this all the time! And she's quite OK."They came to another traffic light. It was green. The driver slammed on the brakes, suddenly stopping the car. The passenger was thrown forward. "What on earth are you doing?" he screamed. "This is the third time you almost got us killed. Why did you stop at a green light?""Well," said the driver, "my mom might be coming the other way." Listening in > Task 3Yesterday a house fire in Worcester, Massachusetts claimed the lives of six firefighters. That's more than were killed by any other U.S. building fire in nearly 30 years. The cause of that fire was a candle knocked over by a homeless couple in the building."There's no such thing as a perfectly safe candle," says Jim Shannon of the National Fire Prevention Association. "The most recent statistics we have for one year show that about 190 people were killed from candle fires in the United States, and almost 1,500 injured." Those statistics also show that, in one year alone, the number of candle fires rose 15 percent, and nearly five percent of home fires were started by candles. By comparison, only about one percent of house fires were caused by candles 10 years ago.Why the increase? Experts say it's the jump in the popularity of candles. In the last 10 years, candle sales have increased by at least 700 percent.Valerie Cooper, executive vice president of the National Candle Association, noted, "We believe that 80 percent of all candle fires canbe eliminated by three basic safety precautions: Never leave a burning candle unattended. Keep candles away from things that can catch fire and keep them away from children and pets."New York City Fire Chief John Coloe pointed out some common mistakes people make when burning candles, such as putting them near flammable objects. He says, "You should keep all flammable things at least a foot away. Otherwise, if the candle gets tipped over, it could very easily start a fire in the house."Speaking out > Model 1Speaking out > Model 2Speaking out > Model 3Let's talk > Task 1A policeman stops a driver and says, "Sir, you were speeding. Can I see your license, please?"The driver replies, "I don't have one.""You don't have one?"The driver answers, "I lost it for drunk driving."The policeman is surprised. "I see. Will you show me your vehicle registration papers, please?""I'm sorry, I can't do that."The policeman asks, "Why not?""I stole this car."The officer says, "Stole it?"The driver answers, "Yes, and I killed the owner."The officer is shocked. "You did what?""She's in the trunk if you want to see."The officer is horrified and calls for backup. Within minutes, five police cars show up, surrounding the car. The police chief cautiously approaches the car, asking, "Sir, could you open the trunk of your car, please?"The driver opens the trunk, revealing nothing but an empty trunk.The chief says, "Is this your car, sir?"The driver says "Yes," and hands over the registration papers.The chief is quite surprised. "One of my officers says you don't have a driving license."Let's talk > Task 2Let's talk > Task 3Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 1Many household accidents could have been prevented, but accidents seem to make news headlines every day. While accidents can happen anytime or anywhere, parents with young children can prevent accidents at home by taking a few steps.First, set your water heater correctly: To avoid burns from hot water, make sure your water heater's temperature is set below 120° Fahrenheit, or set to "low". Anything above that temperature can cause a child serious burns within seconds.Second, beware of candles: Statistics show that the small candle flames cause approximately 15,000 home fires a year. If you have young children and pets, stop using candles or be sure to blow them out before leaving a room.Third, recognize danger signals: It is important to pay attention to signs of danger from electrical appliances. If the wiring in your home does not function normally, you need to update it. Potential warning signs that might require an electrician's inspection include wavering TV pictures or computer screens, flickering lights and shocks from appliances.It is impossible to prevent all accidents, so it is necessary to create a fire escape plan. In addition to having a smoke alarm on every floor of your home, draw a simple floor plan of your home. On it, mark two exits from every room, including windows and an outside family assembly point, such as a driveway or parking lot.Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 2In the middle of the night, in the middle of nowhere, a woman and a man are involved in a car accident. Both of their cars are damaged, but surprisingly neither of them is hurt.After they climb out of their cars, the woman says, "So you're a man. That's interesting. I'm a woman. Wow, just look at our cars! There's nothing left.But fortunately we're not injured. This must be a sign from God that we should meet and be friends and live together in peace for the rest of our days."The man replies, " I agree with you completely. This must be a sign from God!"The woman continues, "And look at this, here's another miracle. My car is completely destroyed, but this bottle of wine didn't break. Surely God wants us to drink this wine and celebrate our good luck."Then she hands the bottle to the man. The man nods his head in agreement, opens it, takes a few large drinks, and then hands it back to the woman. The woman takes the bottle, immediately puts the cork back in the bottle, and puts it away. The man asks, "Aren't you having any?" The woman replies, "Yes, but not until the police get here."Further listening and speaking > Further listening > Task 3Operator:Hello. This is the emergency 911 operator.Taxidriver:Help! Help! Please help me!Operator:Yes sir. Please calm down and explain exactly what is happening.Taxi driver:Calm down! My car has broken down on the highway. I have a lady passenger and she's going into labor.Operator:Now relax, sir. Explain exactly where you are.Taxi driver:I'm... I'm in the southbound lane of the No. 15 Expressway, about 15 miles from the tunnel, and this lady isn't going to wait.Operator:OK. What's your name, sir, and your passenger's?Taxi driver:It's... it's Mike, and I have no idea about the woman. She's in no condition to tell me. How soon can someone get here?Operator:I've just sent an ambulance to your location. They should be there any second.Taxidriver:Hey, is there anything I can do while we wait for the ambulance? Operator:Yes, uh, keep her calm and warm.Taxidriver:OK. Please hurry... Oh, they're too late. It's a boy!Further listening and speaking > Further speaking > Task 1Public Safety 公共安全Situation: Cindy and Paul, having eaten a lot of delicious Chinese food,场景: 辛迪和保罗吃完一顿中国大餐后，situation: head toward the subway to return to campus.场景:走向地铁站，准备返回学校。

f u r t h e r l i s t e n i ng 听力原文答案b o o k1Unit 1Short Conversations: B A B D DLong conversation: D B C DPassage 1: D D B APassage 2:1) programs 2) very 3) decisions 4) doing laundry 5) Obviously 6) choices 7) ruining8) get used to 9) opportunities 10) step backShort conversations:Conversation 1:W: Hi, John. I’m back. Did any of my friends call me? We were supposed to meet at the bar for drinks, and then go to the cinema. But they never showed up.M: Sorry. I’ve been home since I came back from the office and the phone never rang once.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?Conversation 2:M: Not all great people are famous; take Jack Kilby as an example.W: Right. Jack Kilby invented the microchip, and received the Nobel Prize. But only a small part of the public knows of him. It’s very surprising.Q: What does the woman think is very surprising?Conversation 3:W: I don’t quite understand what made Charlie Chaplin such a popular movie star. M: Are you serious? Look at Charlie Chaplin’s works and compare them to other films of the time. He was so original that people were really surprised by his films. Q: What does the man say about Charlie Chaplin’s films?Conversation 4:W: What’s the greatest invention of the last few hundred years?M: Let’s see. The computer, the car, the phone? No, I think it’s the light bulb. This invention has changed the world more than anything else.Q: Which invention does the man think changed the world most?Conversation 5:W: Our play last night was a great success. We’re all proud of Bob.M: Yes. But if Bob had remember all his lines, his performance would have been more natural.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation:W: Hey, Bob, I’m taking care of my cousin this weekend. Can you think of any fun things for us to do?M: You guys should go see the new Harry Potter movie!W: That’s a great idea! J.K.Rowling is such an inspiration. I just watched an interview with her on BBC news. Did you know her first book was rejected by 12 different publishers? Everyone told her to get a different job, and that she wouldn’t be able to make any money by writing children’s books.M: Yeah, it’s hard to believe that once she was really poor but now she’s so wealthy. She came up with the idea for Harry Potter at a cafe in London…no, wait, I think it was a bookstore in Manchester…right?W: Haha, almost! It was actually on a train between London and Manchester. But she did write in cafes a lot. She could only write when her baby daughter was sleeping, so she took her on long walks around the neighborhood to get her to fall asleep. She would usually end up in a cafe and write as much as possible before her baby woke up again.M: Did J.K.Rowling say what she’s going to write next in her interview? I can’t wait to see what she will write after her Harry Potter books!W: No. She keeps her future plans a secret. Personally, I hope she writes more magic stories, with flying horses and lots of animals!M: Not me. I hope she works on more serious material. I’d love to read stories with historical settings and big battle scenes!Q1: What does the man suggest that the woman do this weekend?Q2: Where did J.K.Rowling come up with the idea for Harry Potter?Q3: What are J.K.Rowling’s future plans?Q4: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Passage 1:Stephen Glenn is a famous research scientist. When he was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person, he responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old.He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his hold on the bottle and it fell, spilling milk all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “What a wonderful mess you have made! Well, the damage has already been done. You know, Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and bring everything to its proper order.” So together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said, “What we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water, and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Q1: What happened when Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator?Q2: What did Stephen’s mother do when she came into the kitchen?Q3: What did Stephen’s mother teach him later?Q4: What did Stephen learn from this experience?Unit 2Short Conversations: D B C A DLong conversation: D C B CPassage 1: A B A CPassage 2:1) comic 2) traffic 3) constantly 4) available 5) took part in 6) attracted 7) audience8) free of charge 9) put forward 10) embraceShort conversations:Conversation 1:W: Why didn’t you show up at John’s party last night? He was expecting you. You know, he is leaving the city for good.M: I’m terribly sorry. I had planned to go, but I had to take care of an emergency. I tried calling him many times but couldn’t reach him.Q: Why didn’t the man go to the party?Conversation 2:M: I haven’t seen you around for quite a while. What have you been doing?W: I’ve been reading Shakespeare’s great play Hamlet. My literature professor required me to present a unique review about Hamlet for my term paper.Q: What has the woman been preparing?Conversation 3:W: Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music?M: Neither. Have you ever seen me listening to music at all? You know, I don’t have an ear for music.Q: What does the man say about music?Conversation 4:M: I’m taking the minimum credits to graduate. Making friends, traveling, partying—these are what matter most to me right now.W: I’m not here to make friends or to parties. I’m doing part-time jobs to save money to start my own company once I graduate.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 5:W: Tom, have you read the notice on the school website? I’ve won the scholarship for next term.M: No surprise to me. You have earned it. While others are at parties, you are in the library.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation:M: After such a tiring week, I can’t wait to have a rest and relax a little this weekend. W: Me too. Mr. Simpson. So what are you doing this weekend? Looks like it’ll be nice weather for sailing.M: Yes, Mary, I hope it stays this sunny. I’m going out to the beach and spending all weekend surfing.W: You, sir? Surfing?M: Haha, I bet you think I’m too old for surfing! I’ve been surfing since I was 11, and it’s still my favorite activity. The cool blue waves, the smell of the sea, just take me back to when I was a teenager free from care. I forget all my troubles. By Sunday night, I fall into a deep sleep, sore and tried, without a care in the world.W: That’s really nice. I’m going to the beach, too. I love relaxing in the warm sun, watching my niece and nephew play in the sand and jump in the waves. They’ll tire themselves out building sand castles, collecting seashells, and trying to bury each other in the sand.M: Oh, I remember building sand castles with my brothers…such great fun. How old are little Timmy and Monica now?W: Tim’s five and Monica’s three.M: Wow, kids grow up so fast!Q1: Why is surfing the man’s favorite activity?Q2: What is the woman going to do this weekend?Q3: What does the woman love doing?Q4: What does the man remember doing with his brothers?Passage 1:People in Britain enjoy various leisure activities including watching TV, seeing friends and relatives, listening to music, shopping, listening to the radio, gardening, doing sports, reading, and so on. The latest data from a survey show that in 2010, 89 percent of all adults watched television in their free time. Spending time with family and friends was the second most popular activity at 84 percent, listening to music came next at 76 percent, and shopping was fourth at 71 percent.Truly, the most common leisure activity in the UK has been watching television. The average viewing time is 25 hours per person per week. Many television programs are about wildlife, animals, holidays, cooking and gardening. All these things are much valued by British people. The second most popular activity in Britain is visiting or entertaining friends and family as their top activity. Besides, many British people like to listen to music. Among those aged 16 to 24 spending time listening to music was selected as their top activity.Younger people tend to have different hobbies from old people. According to the survey, comparing the 16 to 24 age group with those aged 55 and over, the activities which were reported less frequently as age increased were listening to music, surfing the Internet and emailing; doing sports and exercise; going out to the cinema. For example, people aged 16 to 24 spent more than 3 hours a day using a computer while those aged 55 and over spent only 1 hour and 12 minutes. Again comparing the youngest and oldest age groups, the activities which were reported more frequently as age increased were reading and gardening.Q1: According to the survey, what percentage of British adults watched TV in their free time?Q2: Which age group would be the most likely to visit their friends and relatives?Q3: What does the speaker say about listening to music as a leisure activity for British people?Q4: According to the survey, how are leisure activities related to age?Unit 3Short Conversations: C C B D ALong conversation: B C A DPassage 1: C A B CPassage 2:1) mountainous 2) frightened 3) took place 4) vanish 5) occurred 6) massive 7) caught8) keep us away 9) grateful 10) advanceShort conversations:Conversation 1:W: How I wish you had gone to the concert with me last night. The band was terribly good!M: I knew it would be. But I came down with a bad cold and had to stay at home to rest.Q: Why didn’t the man go to the concert?Conversation 2:M: What did Jennifer think about her job interview? I’m so looking forward to hearing about it.W: She didn’t say much. When I saw her late this morning, she said she would prefer not to talk about it.Q: What can we learn about Jennifer’s job interview?Conversation 3:W: I was waiting for you to call me last night. You know I really needed my bicycle to go to the library.M: Oh, I’m so sorry. I was playing a computer game with my roommate and completely forgot. You know that, I’ve got it right here.Q: What will the man probably do?Conversation 4M: How was the high school reunion party? You must have had a lot to tell those people since you hadn’t seen each other for 10 years.W: I sure did! I was so excited seeing them again. Everyone had interesting experiences, exciting jobs and a happy family.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Conversation 5:W: I had a quarrel with my roommate. Every night she stays up very late. I can’t fall asleep when she is around making noises in the room.M: I’m so sorry to hear that. Like you, I’m an early bird, too. It’s hard to share a room with a night owl.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation:W: Guess what Dad! I won the school spelling competition today! I’m the best speller out of all 450 students at my middle school! I won by spelling the word “excellence”correctly after Jimmy messed up on the word “vehicle”. He added an extra “k” after “c”.M: Wow, that’s great, sweetheart! I’m so proud of you. I still remember when I was 13 and I won my school’s big spelling competition. I competed all the way to the state competition in Sacramento, California!W: You went all the way to the state capital for a spelling competition? Our competition was just in the school cafeteria.M: Yes! Our state competition was in a big theater in Sacramento. We drove two hours from our home to get there. I wrote my new blue suit! I even wore my dad’s favorite green tie for good luck!W: Did you win?M: Almost! I came in second. I was so sad after I misspelled “knowledgeable”. But my mom gave me a big hug afterwards, and then we went out for ice cream. Um…vanilla ice cream.W: Wow Dad! Second place in the state competition! In my next competition, I’m going to wear my favorite new yellow dress for good luck! And we can go out and have vanilla ice cream, too!Q1: Why was the girl excited?Q2: What happened when the man was 13 years old?Q3: Why did the man’s mom gave him a big hug?Q4: What color is the girl going to wear for her next competition?Passage 1There are certain superstitions in almost every culture in the world. Even societies that are very rational and scientific are sometimes a little bit superstitious. For example, the United States is a country that is very advanced in science and technology. But American people sometimes believe in superstitions. Americans consider “13” an unlucky number. Some people in the United States also believe that if Friday falls on the 13th day of the month, they will have bad luck.Some Americans believe they will have bad luck if they walk under a ladder. Even if people say they are not superstitious, they will often avoid walking under a ladder. Often people consider it unlucky to break a mirror. If a person breaks a mirror, he or she will have seen years of bad luck. Americans also think they will have bad luck if a black cat crosses their path. A long time ago, people believed that black cats were actually witches.However, some things are thought to bring good luck. For instance, some Americans believe if they dream about a white cat, or step on their own shadow, or put a mirror just across the door, they will have good luck. Or if they catch a falling leaf on thefirst day of autumn, they will have good luck all winter. Others think if they blow out all the candles on their birthday cake in one blow, they will get whatever they want. And some people think they will have good luck if they find a penny on the ground and pick it up.Q1: What is this passage mainly about?Q2: According to the passage, what is considered as bad luck?Q3: Why is it considered bad luck to see a black cat crossing one’s path?Q4: According to the passage, what will bring people good luck?Unit 4Short Conversations: C B D D ALong conversation: C B D DPassage 1: C A D APassage 2:1) Gradually 2) enabled 3) vehicles 4) dates back to 5) As a result 6) thoroughly 7) capacity 8) turn 9) automobiles 10) thanks toShort conversations:Conversation 1:M: Would you like to share a taxi with me to the airport? We can save money that way.W: Actually, I’m not flying. I’m going to the conference by train. I was thinking of driving, but it will be too tiring.Q: How is the woman going to travel?Conversation 2:W: I have to catch the 10:45 train. I think I’d better get to the station by half past 10. M: Oh, it’s just a small station. It’ll be fine if you arrive there five minutes before the train departs.Q: According to the man, at what time could the woman arrive at the station? Conversation 3:M: Did you say I should take the No.46 bus to your house? Because I remember going there once on the No.28.W: The No.28 bus has been canceled. It used to run straight to my house and it was faster than the No.46. It’s too bad.Q: What does the woman say about the bus services?Conversation 4W: Many people would rather take the bus or the subway than drive by themselves. Parking is getting to be a real headache.M: That doesn’t surprise me, for more and more people are buying their own cars. Q: What does the man mean?Conversation 5:M: Excuse me, could you please tell me when the next train to London is?W: Sure. The next train to London is two hours from now, but if you do not mind connecting at Manchester, there is one indirect train leaving in 10 minutes.Q: What information about train services does the woman provide?Long conversation:M: Did you hear? The new high-speed train around the capital is almost finished. It will travel at 180 miles per hour!W: I know! I saw it on Channel 6 this morning on TV. I can’t wait! It will change my work travel time from 2 hours each way to just 45 minutes each way.M: Wow! Rachel! That’s way too long to spend traveling to work.W: Well, John, I leave home in the morning at 6 and arrive at work at 8. Leave work at 5 and arrive back home at 7. During my 2-hour travel time on the subway, I do catch up on emails and try to read and rest a little.M: So, the new high-speed train will be a big help for you then, Rachel!W: Yes! Now my travel time to work is so long that any extra time-like for shopping-can be really tough. The new high-speed train will connect our office in the old part of the city with all the new shopping areas. So I will be able to do my shopping on the way home from work!M: Oh, that’s great. And the new high-speed train will make a circle around the entire city. It will connect my neighborhood with the airport. I will be able to ride it from my neighborhood to the airport in 20 minutes and save money on parking my car!Q1: How long will the woman spend on her way to and from work by high-speed train?Q2: When does the woman arrive back home by subway?Q3: According to the woman, in what way will the new high-speed train be a big help to her?Q4: How will the new high-speed train affect the man?Passage 1Studies show Americans spend more time than ever commuting. The average one-way commute has grown by 13 percent to 25 minutes. For a growing number of people, getting to work takes more than an hour. In 2000, only in New York State did more than 10 percent of workers spend more than an hour getting to work. Now that situation can be found in several other states as well. Two point eight million peoplehave so-called extreme commutes because they spend more than 90 minutes on their way to work.Steven, an electrical engineer, has an extreme commute between home and work. He leaves home before dawn and returns after dark, but as tiring or boring as Steven’s trip may sound, he says it’s the way to keep the home and job he loves. “I have the balance right now,” Steven said. “I could do similar jobs closer, but not with the work rewards and job satisfaction I have now. And I could live closer, but I wouldn’t have the lifestyle that I desire.”Longer commutes frequently involve people who live at one end of the city and work at another. Such a pattern probably begins with companies moving away from the city center, attracting workers to move to less expensive areas farther away from the city center. People say this as an opportunity because such a move may provide more affordable housing or better schools. Steven spends about $185 a week on gas. Even high fuel costs can pay off in a better quality of life.Added to long commutes are increased traffic jams, however. Commuters typically spend 47 hours a year in traffic jams, up from 40 hours a decade earlier.Q1: How much time on average do Americans spend on their way to work?Q2: What is the present situation about Americans’ commuting to work?Q3: Why does Steven choose to have an extreme commute?Q4: Which of the following is the disadvantage of long commutes?Unit 5Short Conversations: A D A C CLong conversation: D C D CPassage 1: D B A CPassage 2:1) celebrate 2) provide us with 3) sticking to 4) challenges 5) anticipating 6) portions 7) stuff 8)take hold of 9) effective 10)strategiesShort conversations:Conversation 1:W: Friday is a public holiday. Shall we go and spend the long weekend on the farm? We could leave on Thursday night.M: I’d rather go on Friday. My best friend from New York is coming here for a business conference and I have invited him to dinner on Thurday.Q: Why can’t the man leave on Thursday?Conversation 2:M: Have they finished discussing their vacation plans? Have they reached an agreement?W: They only seem to have agreed to set another date for further discussion. They will wait and see.Q: What is the result of the discussion?Conversation 3:W: I’m so happy that I have bought some Christmas gifts in less than half a day. You know, sometimes I can’t find anything good enough even after shopping for a full day. Here is a new lamp for you.M: Some gifts! I can hardly find space for the new lamp here.Q: What does the man think of the woman?Conversation 4M: Jane, we’ve got a problem. We don’t have enough money to go to Europe on vacation as planned. I’m thinking of giving up my job and finding another if my boss still refuses to give me a raise.W: Well, I don’t know. But maybe we can stop hiring a cleaner.Q: What problem are the man and woman talking about?Conversation 5:W: My family are going on a beach holiday next month as a celebration. My son has been admitted to his first choice university.M: Congratulations! That’s a great way to celebrate.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Long conversation:M: Katy, Jason called inviting you to his Halloween party!W: Ugh, Dad! I don’t want to go to Jason’s party! I went last year! There were only six people there!M: Katy! You can’t judge the success of a party by the number of people who attend! Besides Jason and his family are old friends! You’ve known his since you were three years old!W: I know Dad--but Halloween is my favorite holiday—my favorite! And I worked for two months making my rabbit costume! Plus Jason’s party last year was completely boring. Completely!!Four hours of boring. Boring. Boring.M: It wasn’t all that bad, young lady. You came back with a huge bag of candy and talking about how cool the Halloween decorations were in Jason’s front yard. You did have fun last year at Jason’s party.W: Well, yes. That’s true, I guess. But Dad, I really don’t want to go—because I need to go to Linda’s party instead! Please!!! Dad, don’t make me go to Jason’s party. Please!!M: And what’s so special about Linda’s party?W: Well, all my friends are going to Linda’s party not Jason’s—and, they’re going to have special music, a Halloween video, and a new game called “Guess Who.”M: Ok, why not go to Jason’s party for one hour or so and then go to Linda’s party for the rest of the evening?W: Thanks Dad! Thanks so much! That’s a great idea!Q1: What did Katy like about Jason’s party?Q2: What is the actual reason that Katy doesn't want to attend Jason’s party?Q3: What is special about Linda’s party?Q4: What will Katy do to solve her problem?Passage 1Bargain shoppers used to get up very early in the morning to take advantage of big discounts on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving. This year, some shoppers, however, stayed up late on Thanksgiving night. This change in behavior was in large part due to the efforts of different stores to beat each other during the traditional start to the holiday shopping season. Some popular stores for the first time opened at midnight on Thanksgiving night to offer deals that once were reserved for the next day. It was reported that 24 percent of Black Friday shoppers were at stores at midnight. That’s up from 9.5 percent the year before when only a few stores were open during that time.But those hours mostly attracted the younger people. Of those shopping at midnight on Black Friday, 37 percent were aged 18 to 34. Older shoppers weren’t as quick to run to the stores. Only 23.5 percent of 35- to 54-year-olds were in stores by midnight. One department store, for example, attracted 10,000 people to its midnight opening and many of them were young people who turned out for the gift sets and discounted fashion items. Jenny, 15 years old, went out with her four cousins to one big department store at midnight and then shopped at another one until 2:30 a.m. Then, she and her cousins went home to bed. “It’s always been inconvenient,” Jenny says of the traditional 4 a.m. Black Friday openings of years past. “No one likes to wake up that early.”Q1: What is special about this year’s Black Friday shopping?Q2: Why did some stores open at midnight on Thanksgiving night?Q3: How many Black Friday shoppers were reported to go to the shops at midnight this year?Q4: What can we learn about the 15-year-old Jenny?Unit 6Short Conversations: C B D B DLong conversation: C B A APassage 1: B D B APassage 2:1) pressures 2) disappear 3) compromise 4) alcohol 5) intense 6) interferes with 7) undermine 8) pay attention to 9) suffers from 10) competitiveShort conversations:Conversation 1:W: Sorry. I have a project to do and I will have to stay at work until 6 o’clock. So I can’t make it to the bar at 5:30.M: Ok. Then let’s meet at the cinema 10 minutes before the movie starts.Q: What is the woman going to do with the man in the evening?Conversation 2:M: Sally’s been doing yoga for three months to lose weight. But I wonder how she can succeed when she eats like that.W: Oh, poor Sally. She really should watch her diet and try to eat something less fatty. Q: What do we learn about Sally?Conversation 3:W: We use flexible time in our company. That is, early risers can begin work at 7 a.m. and finish at 3 p.m. while late sleepers need not go to work until 10 a.m. but they must work until 6 in the evening.M: That’s cool for a night owl like me.Q: At what time is the man most likely to go to work?Conversation 4M: You’ve been working so hard. I know you don’t want to rest because you love your job. But remember what people say: Relax or die.W: Thanks for caring so much. But, really, I’m feeling fine. I don’t need time off. Q: What does the woman mean?Conversation 5:W: Do you know John has got straight A’s in the final exams? He’s been taking 6 courses this term and working more than 20 hours a week.M: Good for John! How he can balance work and study so well is really beyond me. Q: What does the man mean?Long conversation:M: So Mary, I heard you were thinking about doing a triathlon?W: That’s right. But you know triathlons are tough with the three events: swimming, then cycling and finally running! My sister, Jennifer, did a triathlon last year and loved it! So, I decided to give it a try.M: Good for you! I did my first triathlon back in college six years ago. Now, I do at least one triathlon every year. It keeps me fit and healthy with regular swimming, cycling, and running. So do you have a favorite of the three events?W: Yes! Definitely running. I started running back in high school and loved it! I woke up at six a.m. every morning and then ran three miles. Now that I’m training for the triathlon I’m loving waking up at six a.m. and running again.M: Not me! Running is my worst event! I get bored when I run. I start daydreaming about other things and forget where I’m going! Two times last week I made a wrong turn and almost got lost!W: For me, it’s swimming. Swimming pools are fine—but triathlons…take place in lakes.M: What?! Come on! There aren’t any giant people-eating fish in lakes and even the small fish will be scared away when hundreds of people from the triathlon are swimming there all at the same time!Q1: Why did the woman decide to do a triathlon?Q2: When did the man first do a triathlon?Q3: How does the man feel about running?Q4: Why doesn’t the woman like swimming in the triathlon?Passage 1Happiness increases when we experience more positive emotions throughout the day. Fredrickson, a leader in the field of psychology, identifies 10 positive emotions, including joy, interest, hope, pride, amusement, inspiration, love and so on. How often we experience these positive emotions compared to negative emotions in a day affects not only our mood, but also our physical health. She has discovered that those。

Uint1III. Listening InScriptM: Tell me your secret. You‘re suddenly getting excellent marks in every subject, and you used to be a bottom-of –class student just like me.W:Simple enough. I read an article in a scientific journal that studying with remembering, based on recent research into the brain.M: Aw, that stuff‘s old hat: study at the same time every day, be sure your clothes are comfortable, and make sure you have enough light, blah-blah-blah.W: Not so fast, wise guy. I‘m talking about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, creating a picture in your mind of what is to be remembered.M: Ok, that dies sound different. Id ―Association‖a principle—you know, you connect what you want to remember with something you‘re familiar with?W: Right on! ‗Consolidation‖is another. I review my notes right after class and consolidate—or absorb—the new material into what I‘ve already learned.M: You‘re moving ahead fast with those principles. I swear this weekend I‘m going to study sixteen hours a day both Saturday and Sunday.W: Whoa, big guy. That‘s not the way. Follow the principle of ―Distributes Practice‖.Shorter study sessions distributes over several days are better.M: That system is all very well for you; you‘ve got a good memory. But what about me? I‘ve got a memory like a sieve.W: You‘re too modest. There‘s nothing wrong with your memory. But memory is likea muscle; it needs exercise. And don‘t forget it.While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly getting excellent marks, she says she read an article on studying and remembering. It talks about principles like ―Mental Visualization‖, that is, creating a picture in one‘s mind of what is to be remembered. This reminds the man of the principle of ―Association‖, which means connecting what one wants to remember with something one is familiar with. Then the woman adds the principle of ―Consolidation‖, or reviewing one‘s notes after class and absorbing the new materia l into what one has already learned. When the man promise to study sixteen hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of ―Distributed Practice‖, which favors shorter study sessions distributed over several days. Finally, the woman tells the man that memory is like a muscle, and that it needs exercise.Task 2: You forget my toast!ScriptAn 80-year-old couple was having problems remembering things, so they decide to go to their doctor to see what was wrong with them. They explained to the doctor about the problems they were having with their memory. After checking the couple over, the doctor told them that they were physically okay but might need to start writing things down to help them remember. The couple thanked the doctor and left.Later that night while watching TV, the old woman said to the old man, ―Honey, will you please go to the kitchen and get me a dish of ice cream?‖Before the man left, she added, ―Why don‘t you write that down so you won‘t forget?‖―Nonsense,‖ said the husband, ―I can remember a dish of ice cream!‖―Well,‖ said the wife, ―I‘d like some strawberries on it. You‘d better write that down because I know your memory is failing.‖―Don‘t be silly,‖ replied the husband. ―There‘re only two things: a dish of ice cream and some strawberries. I can surely remember that!‖With that, he rushed into the kitchen. After about twenty minutes he returned from the kitchen and handed her a plate of bacon and eggs.The wife took one look at the plate, glanced up at her husband, and said, ―Hey, you forget the toast!‖Keys: FTFFFTask3: Memory-Improving TechniquesScriptThere are many techniques you can use to improve your memory. Some of them are introduced her.First and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new. If you work in an office, learn to dance; if you are a dancer, learn to deal with a computer, if you work with sales, and learn to play chess; if you are a programmer, learn to paint. These added activities stimulate the brain so that I t continues to function.Older people need to pay attention to things they are dealing with. Don‘t try to memorize everything that catches your attention; focus on what you consider important. For example, you can take any object such as a pen and concentrate on it. Think on its various characteristics: its material, its function, its color, and so on. Don‘t allow any other thought to occupy your mind while you are concentrating in that pen.Another method that can be used is to relax yourself. It is impossible to remember things if you are tense or nervous.So, try holding your breath for ten seconds, and then release it slowly.Association is also a powerful tool to develop your memory. For example, if you cannot remember a person‘s name, you can think about a special feature of his face and then link it with his mane.1.What‘s seems to be an especially important way to stimulate one‘s memory?2.What seems to be the best way to focus your memory?3.How can you concentrate on a pen?4.How can you relax yourself according to the passage?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1A 2.C3. D 4.B 5.D。