本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==关于美国南北战争的英语演讲稿篇一：美国内战中英文介绍1．Civil WarThe American Civil War (1861–1865), often referred to simply as The Civil War in the United States, was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declaredtheir secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ("the Confederacy"); the other 25 states supported the federal government ("the Union"). After four years of warfare, mostly within the Southern states, the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was outlawed everywhere in the nation. Issues that led to war were partially resolved in the Reconstruction Era that followed, though others remained uesolved.In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against expanding slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republicans strongly advocated nationalism, and in their 1860 platform they denounced threats of disunion as avowals of treason. After a Republican victory, but before the new administration took office on March 4, 1861, seven cotton states declared their secession and joined to form the Confederate States of America. Both the outgoing administration of President James Buchanan and the incoming administration rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. The other eightslave states rejected calls for secession at this point. No countryin the world recognized the Confederacy.Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state to recapture federal property, which led to declarations of secession by four more slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union seized control of the border states early in the war and established a navalblockade. Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861–62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign. In September 1862, the Confederate campaign in Maryland ended in defeat at the Battle of Antietam, which dissuaded the British from intervening.[2] Days after that battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[3]In 1863, Confederate general Robert E. Lee's northward advance ended in defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg. To the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River after the Battle of Shiloh and Siege of Vicksburg, splitting the Confederacy in two and destroying much of their western army. Due to his western successes, Ulysses S. Grant was given command of the eastern army in 1864, and organized the armies of William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip Sheridan and others to attack the Confederacy from all directions, increasing the North's advantage in manpower. Grant restructured the union army, and put other generals in command of divisions of the army that were to support his push into Virginia. He fought several battles ofattrition against Leethrough the Overland Campaign to seize Richmond, though in the face of fierce resistance he altered his plans and led the Siege of Petersburg which nearly finished off the rest of Lee's army. Meanwhile, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. When the Confederate attempt to defend Petersburg failed, the Confederate army retreated but was pursued and defeated, which resulted in Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The practices of total war, developed by Sherman in Georgia, and of trench warfare around Petersburg foreshadowed World War I in Europe. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40.[4] Victory for the North meant the end of the Confederacy and of slavery in the United States, and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877.美国南北战争（1861-1865），通常被称为在美国南北战争，是一场内战，战斗在美利坚合众国。
第一讲从殖民地到“超级大国”：美国的发展历程美国的奠基时代（1607－1775年）1．北美13个殖民地1607到1733年，英国在北美陆续建立了13个殖民地殖民地的社会结构：上层是以总督为首的大商人、大土地所有者或种植园奴隶主；中间是小土地所有者、小工厂主、技师和自耕农等；底层是白人契约奴和黑人奴隶美利坚民族的形成殖民地间经济的差异性促进了彼此商品的流通，逐渐形成了统一的市场。
经济的交往也促进了文化的交流，如哈佛学院。
最早具有民族意识的知识分子，如托马斯•杰斐逊、詹姆斯•麦迪逊、亚历山大•汉密尔顿等；英语逐渐成为他们的共同语言；共同的心理素质。
3．英国与北美殖民地矛盾的激化¨1773年茶叶税法，波士顿倾茶事件¨ 1774年3月始，英国政府接连颁布了5项高压法令(“不可容忍的法令Intolerable Acts”)。
二、美国的建立与初步繁荣（1776－1860年）1．美国独立革命（1775－1783年）The War of American Independence “列克星敦枪声Lexington”和独立战争的爆发(1775年4月19日) Someone fi red the “shot heard round the world”1775年5月10日召开的第二届大陆会议开始招募军队，华盛顿被任命为统一的美利坚军队的总司令托马斯•潘恩于 1776年1月10日发表《常识》Common Sense《独立宣言》与美国的建立1776年7月4日《独立宣言》Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776天赋人权和社会契约论social contract，认为人人生而平等，享有不可剥夺的“生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利”“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” 美国革命通过《独立宣言》以及由此导致的一系列立法，创造了一个全新的国家从邦联到联邦邦联制下的美国《邦联条例》 Article of Confederation (1777)谢斯起义 Rebel of Shays《1787年宪法》Constitution of the Unites States与联邦体制 Federal System的确立1787年5月25日至9月15日在费城召开制宪会议。
世界著名演讲热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水【演讲者】温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔（Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill，1874年11月30日－1965年1月24日），英国政治家、历史学家、画家、演说家、作家、记者，出身于贵族家庭，于1940年至1945年和1951年至1955年两度出任英国首相，领导英国人民赢得了第二次世界大战，[1] 是“雅尔塔会议三巨头”之一。
[2] 他的《不需要的战争》获1953年诺贝尔文学奖，著有《第二次世界大战回忆录》6卷、《英语民族史》4卷等。
2002年，BBC举行一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。
【演讲背景】英国首相张伯伦下台后，1940年5月10日，英王授权丘吉尔组织政府。
丘吉尔受命于危难之际，但他很快就组成了战时内阁。
5月13日，下议院召开特别会议，丘吉尔发表了这篇演讲。
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。
We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, it is victory.我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验，我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。
你若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来概括，那就是胜利。
Victory at all costs—victory in spite of all terrors—victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.不惜一切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，因为没有胜利就无法生存！•Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for , no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope.I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”•我们必须意识到，没有胜利就没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。
