西安交通大学诊断学2005,2011--2017,2019年考博真题

上海交大考博病理历年真题本帖总结交大《病理学》考博真题[上海交通大学1998 年病理学考博试题]1.试述高血压病人的细胞膜改变及功能障碍2.补体在细胞膜损伤种的作用3.生长因子的分类及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用4.Insulin Receptor 异常的基因图变型及分子结构5.何谓高凝状态及生理情况下的高凝状态6.内皮细胞损伤与动脉粥样硬化的关系7.肝内胆汁淤积症的发病机制8.消化性溃疡的发病机制9.G-6-PD 缺乏引起溶贫的机制10.休克时细胞流态变化[上海交通大学2003 年病理学考博试题]1. 名词解释10 个：PH 染色体凋亡等；2 填空20 个3 简答：（1）慢性肺心病的病理特点；（2）急性心梗的病理变化；（3）急性菌痢的病理；（4）血吸虫的虫卵结节；4 问答3 个：结肠癌多步癌变的分子生物学机理；5 论述：（1）病理学研究的方法技术有哪些？写出两种新技术的原理与步骤；（2）恶性肿瘤的生物学行为有哪些？设计一个题目来证实其恶性行为，写出试验目的、方法步骤、结果。

[上海交通大学2004 年病理学考博试题]一、名词解释1. 鳞状上皮化生2. 纤维素性坏死3. 静止细胞4. 透明血栓5. 假膜性炎6. 骨性骨痂7. 动脉瘤8. 干线性肝硬化9. 霍奇金淋巴瘤10. 侵蚀性葡萄胎11. 结节性甲状腺肿12. 镂空筛网状软化灶二、填空（20×0.5’）大概的答案，题干已经忘了。

1. 脂褐素，自噬泡2. 血小板的黏附释放反应3. 炎性介质的作用：血管通透性增加，趋化作用4. 脑膜炎球菌5. 阿米巴肿，烧瓶样溃疡6. 肿瘤的实质和间质是：7. AIDS 的并发症8. Ph1 染色体，基因易位9. 硅肺的病因和特征性病理10. 脑内出血好发部位及动脉三、简答题（4×4’）1. 肉芽组织的成分、特点及功能2. 心肌梗死的发生机制3. 慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理变化4. 结核病基本病理变化的转化规律四、陈述题1. 凋亡和坏死的定义、形态特点及机制（8’）2. P53 以及检测基因改变的技术（10’）3. 胸部X 线见一境界清楚团块，请问有哪些可能，及其病理学特点（10’）4. 门脉性肝硬化的临床表现，病理表现及联系（8’）5. 脂性肾病病理特点及其发病机制（8’）[上海交通大学2005 年病理学考博试题]一、名词解释（12*2.5）1、炎性介质2、褐色硬化3、绒毛膜癌4、霍杰金淋巴瘤5、肉芽肿性炎6、粥瘤（artheromatous plaque)7、慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)8、革囊胃9、10、11、12？二、填空题（0.5*20）1、ph1 染色体，绿色瘤。

复旦大学医学院2004年诊断学考博试题诊断（任选五道，每题20分）1、异位心动过速伴宽大QRS波的心电图诊断与鉴别要点2、SAAGboard-like rigidityshifting dullnesscourieous-signcaput medusae3、某青年，安定中毒昏迷，pH7.32,PaCO2 60mmHg,PaO2 65mmHg,低氧血症的原因？给予洗胃等处理，第二天仍昏迷，吸氧4升/分，pH7.35,PaCO2 50mmHg,PaO2 90mmHg病情好转还是恶化？4、糖尿病诊断标准？免疫抗体对诊断的意义5、那些检查是肾小管酸中毒的关键检查？6、MDS的分型及骨髓形态学特点06考博复旦大学上海医学院内科学：1、AF的现代治疗2、ARDS的诊断标准及治疗原则3、NASH的发病机制和诊断4、难治性肾病综合征的治疗原则5、贫血的定义和分类6、多发性内分泌腺肿瘤综合征的类型和临床特征诊断学：1、主动脉瓣狭窄的病因和临床体征2、低氧血症的机制3、腹水的病因（前三位）和实验室鉴别诊断4、试述测定GFR的八种常用的方法及其原理，按精确程度依次排列5、正常、IPG、IGT、DM的诊断标准6、凝血性疾病的临床表现和实验室检查在鉴别诊断中的价值西安交通大学医学院2005年诊断学考博试题一、名词解释1。

驰张热2。

Murphy征3。

中性粒细胞左移4。

肺泡呼吸音5。

Grahamstell6。

周围血管征二、简答题1。

湿罗的特点2。

甲状腺肿大分级、意义3。

鉴别第一、第二心音4。

脑膜刺激征5。

额外心音6。

语音震颤减弱的意义7。

腹壁静脉血流方向的鉴诊三、论述题1。

左侧胸水的体征2。

二尖瓣狭窄的体征3。

渗、漏液鉴诊及实验室检查4。

ob的意义2005年同济博士入学诊断题一名词解释（3`X 5）1. PCR2. Urin Osmol3. Velcro啰音4. S2固定分裂音5. Standard bicarbonate二问答题1. 不同情况下腹壁静脉曲张的方向及辨别腹壁静脉曲张来源的方法。

西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析西安交通大学/西安交大考博英语历年真题题型分析一、近五年考题题型、分值分布(一)整体分析西安交通大学的考博英语题型是“稳中求变”，从08年开始，完型、阅读、翻译与作文一直是西安交通大学考博英语中的“常驻将军”，但是分值有所变化，主要完型的分值增加了10分，题目也增加了10道；相反，阅读的分值有所下降，文章的篇数也减少到了12年的4篇；而翻译的分值减少了一半，只有20分。

而变化主要体现在试卷中去掉了词汇题，而增加了阅读新题型，但是11年与12年的新题型都不一样，虽均属于阅读新题型，但是11年考查的是fastreading，而12年考查的是trueorfalse，这其实就是增加了阅读的比重。

因此，旺旺考博网建议考生在备考过程中，要注重自身阅读能力的提高。

(二)分项分析1词汇题西安交通大学考博英语从11年开始取消了词汇题，这并不意味着词汇与语法不重要，而将单词与语法的考查放入到其他各个专项中，着重考查的是单词与语法的运用能力。

这就要求考生不仅要掌握一定量的单词，还要求考生要将语法全面复习一遍，这样对于提升考生的阅读速度及理解文章都是非常有帮助的。

而对于词汇的积累，旺旺网商城特别推出《考博英语词汇10000分级突破》，它将词汇分为基础词汇、必备词汇和高分词汇三个部分，这三个部分的词汇是按照循序渐进的顺序进行编排，这使得考生在复习考博词汇时，能够由简入难，有一个逐渐适应的过程。

语法是理解长难句的基础，赠送的考博英语语法课程讲解鞭辟入里，每一节的语法之后都配有一定的练习，可以使考生在学习了语法的理论知识后，能通过练习将所学理论知识运用到实践中，加强对语法理论的理解。

2完型填空西安交通大学考博英语的完型填空部分，由08-10年的10分增加到了20分。

而完型填空考查的是单词的基本词义区分、固定词组搭配、以及考生对上下文的理解能力。

这就要求考生在做题时，要从上下文来理解文章，选择最适合的答案。

各⼤名校历年考博真题及答案--呼吸内科部分名词解释Horner综合征（北医2001）：肺尖部肺癌⼜称肺上沟瘤，易压迫颈部交感神经，引起病侧眼睑下垂，瞳孔缩⼩，眼球内陷，同侧额部与胸壁少汗或⽆汗。

D-⼆聚体（复旦2003，哈医⼤2007）：D-⼆聚体是纤维蛋⽩单体经活化因⼦XIII 交联后，再经纤溶酶⽔解所产⽣的⼀种特异性降解产物，是⼀个特异性的纤溶过程标记物。

D-⼆聚体来源于纤溶酶溶解的交联纤维蛋⽩凝块。

PE / PTE（同济2009）：肺栓塞/肺⾎栓栓塞症肺栓塞（PE）：是以各种栓⼦阻塞肺动脉系统为其发病原因的⼀组疾病或临床综合征的总称，包括PTE，脂肪栓塞综合征，空⽓栓塞等。

肺⾎栓栓塞症（PTE）为来⾃静脉系统或右⼼的⾎栓阻塞肺动脉或其分⽀所致的疾病，以肺循环和呼吸功能障碍为其主要临床和病理⽣理特征。

ALI/ARDS（同济2009）定义⼀ALI/ARDS是指发⽣于严重感染、休克、创伤及烧伤等⾮⼼源性疾病过程中，肺实质细胞损伤导致的以急性进⾏性低氧⾎症、呼吸窘迫为特征的临床综合征。

定义⼆：ALI是指机体遭受严重损伤出现以弥漫性肺泡⽑细⾎管膜为主要损伤部位，导致以肺⽔肿和微⼩肺不张为病理特征、呼吸窘迫和顽固性低氧⾎症为突出表现的全⾝炎症反应综合征。

ALI严重到⼀定程度，达到诊断标准时即为ARDS。

最新定义：ARDS是⼀种急性弥漫性炎症性肺损伤，导致肺⾎管通透性和肺重量增加，⽽肺含⽓组织减少。

临床主要表现为低氧⾎症，影像学双肺致密影，伴随混合静脉⾎氧合不⾜、⽣理性死腔增加以及肺顺应性降低。

急性期形态学主要特征为弥漫性肺泡损伤（如⽔肿、炎症、透明膜形成或出⾎）ⅠⅡ型呼吸衰竭（同济2000）Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭：即缺氧性呼吸衰竭，⾎⽓分析特点是PaO2＜60mmHg，PaCO2降低或正常。

主要见于肺换⽓障碍疾病，如严重肺部感染性疾病，间质性肺疾病，急性肺栓塞。

Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭：即⾼碳酸性呼吸衰竭，⾎⽓分析特点是PaO2＜60mmHg,同时伴有PaCO2＞50 mmHg，系肺泡通⽓不⾜所致。

2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。

西安交通大学诊断学本科期末考试英文试卷西安交通大学诊断学本科期末考试英文试卷Take the best choice from the following four answers, please.1. Chief complaint consists of ________.a. history of present illnessb. biographical datac. main symptom(s) and durationd. all symptom(s) or signs2. The feature of physical signs is ________.a. subjective disturbanceb. patient's feelingc. objective findingd. as same as symptom3. The temperature of high fever is ________.a. 37.4~38°Cb. 38.1~39°Cc. 39.1~41°Cd. above 41°C4. ________ shows high temperature from 39~40°C, which continues for days or weeks with fluctuation more than 2°C.a. Continuous feverb. Remittent feverc. Intermittent feverd. Undulant fever5. In malaria, the fever curve often shows as ________.a. low feverb. periodic feverc. recurrent feverd. irregular fever6. Fever frequently occurs ________.a. only in infectious diseasesb. only in noninfectious illness.c. not only in infection but in many noninfectious illnessd. by various infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi)7. Edema results from ________.a. increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure or disrupted capillary permeabilityb. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressurec. decreased oncotic pressure and disruption of capillary endotheliumd. increased vessel permeability and leakage of protein8. Pitting edema in the lower extremities is one of the characteristics of ________.a. pneumoniab. right heart failurec. hepatitisd. renal diseases9. Inspiratory dyspnea indicates ________.a. acute pulmonary edemab. cardiac asthmac. obstruction of intrathoracic airwaysd. large airway obstruction10. ________ definitely indicates left heart failure.a. asthmab. short breathc. keeping a siting positiond. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea11. Skeletal landmarks include all but ________.a. intrasternal angleb. ribsc. spinous processd. none of the above12. According to the division of lobes of the lung, all of the following are correct except ________.a. the lower lobe is indeed the dependent lobeb. the lower lobes are the anterior lobec. the right middle lobe is wedged between the upper and the lower anteriorly.d. The designation of upper and lower lobes of the lung is not altogether correct.13. Chest tenderness is not usually elicited when suffering from ________.a. intercostal neuritisb. pneumoniac. rib fractured. cartilaginous inflammation14. A patient tends to breathe through pursed lips ________.a. by doing so, he relieves a high intraluminal pressureb. by doing so, he remains airways collapsec. it shows the patient have been in onset of asthmad. all of above are incorrect15. Pleural rubs ________.a. occur in late acute pleurisy with massive effusionb. are more dull in quality than ronchic. are unaffected by coughd. are close to the ear and lessened by pressure of the stethoscope16. Three depression sign refers to the depression in ________.a. the suprasternal fossaeb. the supraclavicular fossaec. the intercostal spaced. all of the above17. Variation of respiratory rhythm includes ________.a. Cheyne-Stokes respirationb. deep-fast respirationc. Kussmaul's respirationd. tachypnea18. V ocal fremitus increases because of ________.a. loud voiceb. high pitchc. thick chest walld. all of the above.19. Decreased or absent vocal fremitus rarely occurs in ________.a. emphysemab. lung consolidationc. pneumothorax.d. obstructive atelectasis.20. All of notes as follows are percussion notes except ________.a. fremitusb. tympanyc. dullnessd. resonance21. Hyperresonance is normally caused over ________.a. pneumoniab. pneumothoraxc. emphysemad. pleural effusion22. Normal percussion ________.a. over the upper anterior is more resonant than the lower oneb. on right upper chest is duller than that on the leftc. on back is more resonant than that on frontd. on left lower chest along the anterior axillary line is flatness23. The downward lower lung margins occur in ________.a. emphysemab. atelectasisc. peritoneal effusiond. megalohepatia24. The correct methods of percussion on the extent of diaphragmatic excursion are as follows but ________.a. percuss the lower lung margins with the quiet respiration firstb. ask the patient to exhale deeply and to hold his breathc. go on percussing along the scapular line downward until the resonance becomes dulld. the last step is percussing downward from the higher point at the same line until the resonance becomes dull25. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion suggests ________.a. pulmonary inflammationb. severe effusionc. severe pneumothoraxd. wide pleural thickness26. When the auscultation begins, ________ is wrong.a. the examiner should instruct the patient to breath a littledeeper and fasterb. the patient's position can be sitting or sleepingc. sometimes cough is necessaryd. comparison is absolutely not needed27. The vesicular breath sound is characterized in inspiratory phase by ________.a. shorter durationb. weaker soundsc. lower pitchd. all of the above are incorrect28. Bronchial breath sound is produced bya. the result of air flow going in the bronchiolesb. the result of air flow going out the bronchiolesc. the turbulence in the mainstem and bronchiolesd. the turbulence in the vocal entrance, trachea or mainstem29. Bronchovesicular breath sound is heard normally in all of following regions except ________.a. the 3rd and the 4th intercostal spaces anteriorlyb. the 5th and the 6th intercostal spaces posteriorlyc. the 6th and the 7th intercostal spaces laterallyd. all of above30. Decreased or absent vesicular breath sounds occur in ________.a. acidosisb. hypermetabolismc. chronic bronchitisd. all of above.31. Delayed expiratory sounds suggests all but ________.a. bronchitisb. asthmac. obstructive emphysemad. the upper airway's block.32. The moist rales ________.a. present normallyb. are produced by broken bubbling of air through thick secretionc. are classified into the coarse rales, medium rales, fine rales, and crepitusd. all of above are correct33. Characteristics of moist rales area. longb. loudc. apparently in both end of respirationd. not diminished by cough.34. For rhonchi, ________.a. the mechanism is similar to moist ralesb. they are apparent in inspirationc. sonorous rhonchi are characteristic of asthmad. diffused rhonchi often occur in bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis or cardiacasthma35. If a patient shows protrusion of precordium, it may indicate that ________.a. he is healthyb. he suffers from organic cardiac diseasec. he is a patient with coronary heart diseased. he suffers from arrhythmia36. A diffuse impulse means that the area of apical impulse is more than ________cm in diameter.a. 2~2.5b. 2.5~3c. 3~3.5d. 3.5~437. Right ventricular enlargement causes a change of apical beat in position towards .a. leftb. rightc. both left and rightd. downward and outward38. In the left 3rd or 4th parasternal area, systolic thrill are occasionally felt due to________ .a. congenital lesions of the interventricular septumb. pulmonary valve stenosisc. mitral valve stenosisd. aortic valve regurgitation39. The cardiac dullness enlarged towards two sides may result from________ .a. left ventricle enlargedb. right ventricle enlargedc. hydropericardiumd. emphysema40. The 2nd aortic area is located in________ .a. the 5th left intercostal space, 1 or 2 cm medial to the midclavicular lineb. the 2nd left intercostal space just lateral to the sternumc. the 3rd or 4th left intercostal space lateral to the sternumd. the 2nd right intercostal space just lateral to the sternum41. Pulse deficit often occurs in________ .a. tachycardiab. bradycardiac. trigeminal beatsd. atrial fibrillation42. Normally, it is in old persons________.a. P2>A2b. P2<a2< p="">c. P2=A243. is most important in differentiation between S1 and S2________.a. Longer pause between S1 and S2b. That S2 is clearly audible in the pulmonary valve areac. That S2 is higher in frequency and shorter in duration than S1d. That S1 could be identified by synchronous palpation over radial artery44. A loud S1 may be heard in________ .a. mitral stenosisb. mitral regurgitationc. aortic stenosisd. aortic regurgitation45. Louder S2 in the 2nd right intercostal space just lateral to the sternum is heard with ________.a. damaged semilunar valveb. hypertensionc. hyperthyroidismd. pulmonary artery hypertension46. In , the splitting of S2 is clearly audible with inspiration________.a. CRBBBb. atrial-septal defectc. complete left bundle branch blockd. aortic valve stenosis47. That splitting of S2 is clearly audible with inspiration is refered to as ________.a. normal splittingb. fixed splittingc. paradoxical splittingd. separated splitting48. is usually heard in ventricular failure________.a. Protodiastolic gallopb. Presystolic gallopc. Opening snapd. Pericardial knock49. The opening snap occurs________ .a. during the later phase of ventricular fillingb. in the early phase of systolec. in the mid-phase of diastoled. soon after S250. In mitral valve prolapse syndrome, ________ and late systolic murmur could be hear d.a. summation gallopb. pericardial knockc. aortic ejection clickd. middle and late systolic click51. The mid- and late diastolic murmur caused by mitral stenosis assume a ________ quality.a. blowingb. rumblingd. ejecting52. ________ murmur is quite loud and also accompanied by athrill.a. Grade Ib. Grade IIc. Grade IIId. Grade IV53. The murmur of mitral regurgitation may transmit with the direction ________.a. to left axillab. to carotid arteriesc. to apexd. down along the left border of the sternum54. Murmurs that originate on the right side of the heart frequently increase in intensity ________.a. during expirationb. during inspirationc. during exercised. during the change of position55. ________ is very useful in differentiation between functional and organic murmurs.a. The murmur found in children or young adultsb. Blowing or ejection in qualityc. The murmur located in pulmonary valve aread. The signs of heart enlarged found56. In ________, a diastolic murmur with less intense and shorter in duration, which is termed as Austin Flint murmur, could be heard in the apical are.a. mitral stenosisb. mitral regurgitationc. aortic stenosisd. aortic regurgitation57. A soft diastolic murmur called as Graham Steel Murmur may be heard over the pulmonary valve area when ________ exists.a. mitral stenosisb. mitral regurgitationc. aortic stenosisd. aortic regurgitation58. The distension of external jugular veins is not the sign of ________.a. left heart failureb. right heart failurec. pericardial constrictiond. pericardial effusion59. ________ is valuable indication of left ventricular failure.a. Water-hammer pulseb. Paradoxical pulsec. Pulsus alternansd. Hepatojugular reflux60. ________ often occurs in aortic regurgitation.a. Water-hammer pulseb. Paradoxical pulsec. Pulsus alternansd. Hepatojugular reflux61. The number where the pulse sound disappears is the ________.a. systemic pressureb. systolic pressurec. pulse pressured. diastolic pressure62. Increased ________ happens frequently in anemia, hyperthyroidism, aortic valve regurgitation, high fever andvigorous exercise.a. systemic pressureb. systolic pressurec. pulse pressured. diastolic pressure63. In hyperthyroidism, some special eye signs could be found, for example, the retraction of the upper lids which is refered to ________.a. Stellwag's signb. Horner's syndromec. Moebius's signd. Ectropion64. The distension of external jugular veins is an important sign of ________.a. congestive heart failureb. pericardial constrictionc. pericardial effusiond. all of the above65. The hepatojugular reflux sign positive indicates the cause of hepatomegaly as ________.a. hepotohemiab. hepatitisc. hepotomad. hepatocirrhosis66. is elicited by having the patient take a deep breath while the examiner maintains pressure against the abdominal wall in the region of the gallbladder________.a. Moebius's signb. Stellwag's signc. Murph's signd. McBurney's sign67. A special maneuvers, , may be helpful in the palpation of spleen________.a. rolling the patient on his left side with the left leg straight and the right knee flexedb. rolling the patient on his right side with the right leg straight and the left knee flexedc. rolling the patient on his left side with the right leg straight and the left knee flexede. rolling the patient on his right side with the left leg straight and the right knee flexed68. It is necessary to listen to the bowel sounds for periods of at least over the abdomen.a. 30 secondsb. 1 minutec. 2 minutesd. 4 minutes69. is one of deep reflex (physical reflex).a. Babinski's signb. Achilles jerkc. Hoffmann relexd. Brudzinski's sign70. is one of the most reliable signs in neurology and should be tested for in all patients________.a. Babinski's signb. Patellar reflexc. Hoffmann relexd. Brudzinski's sign71. The QRS complex represents________ .a. ventricular repolarizationb. ventricular depolarizationc. ventricular contractiond. ventricular filling72. The T wave represents________ .a. atrial depolarizationb. atrial repolarizationc. ventricular depolarizationd. ventricular repolarization73. The duration of a normal QRS is________ .a. 0.06~0.08sb. 0.08~0.10sc. 0.06~0.10sd. 0.08~0.12s74. The right atrial hypertrophy does not include________ .a. a prominent P waveb. a wide bifid P wavec. the amplitude of P wave is greater than 0.25mvd. ''pulmonary P"75. The left ventricular hypertrophy includes .a. right axis deviationb. right ventricular high voltagec. left ventricular high voltaged. normal ST-T76. A wide, bizarre QRS complex, greater than 0.12see in duration, is a typical of :________a. PVCb. PACc. PJCd. normal77. The atrial flutter with fixed conduction ratio typicallyresult in rhythm with QRS complexes________.a. Regular, wideb. irregular, narrowc. irregular, wided. regular, narrow78. In VT, have no fixed relationship to________ .a. QRS, BBBb. P, QRSc. P, Td. QRS, T79. During typical second-degree A VB, P wave is not followed by________.a. every, prolonged PR intervalb. at least one, QRS complexc. every, QRS complexe. at least one, prolonged PR interval'80. In MI, abnormal Q waves appear in leads II, III, aVF________.a. anteriorb. inferiorc. laterald. posterior'81. According to the level of Hb, severe anemia should be________ .a. < 30 g/Lb. < 60 g/Lc. < 90 g/Ld. < 120 g/L82. Iron deficiency anemia results from________ .a. the disorder of hemopoiesis in bone marrowb. RBC destroied too much or too earlierc. acute blood lossd. deficiency of hemopoietic materials83. Nucleus shift to left can be seen in________ .a. severe acute infectionb. megaloblastic anemiac. administration of anti-metabolic drugd. IDA84. Oliguria means that urine volume in 24 hours is ________.a. < 400 mlb. < 1000 mlc. 1000 ~ 2000 mld. > 2500 ml85. Mycroscopic hemoturia is defined as RBC in per high power field________.a. > 1b. > 3c. > 5d. < 586. The color of hemoglobinuria is________ .a. bloodyb. reddishc. strong tead. dark-yellow87. Normal urine protein is between ________.a. 40 ~ 60 mg/24hrsb. 20 ~ 80 mg/24hrsc. 100 ~ 150 mg/24hrsd. >150 mg/24hrs88. is elevated in cirrhosis________.a. a2 globulinb. b globulinc. albumind. g globulin89. A patient with HBsAg(+), HBeAg(+) and anti-HBc IgM(+), he is in the status of ________.a. low infectivityb. late convalescencec. conferring immunityd. active viral replication and high infectivity90. If macrophage is found in stool microscopic test, it highly suggestes________ .a. gastric ulcerb. bacterial dysenteryc. rectum carcinomad. Crohn's disease</a2<>。

北京医科大学转博入学考试试题内科学2001年一. 问答题:（每题5分）1. 血管内外溶血的鉴别。

2. 厌氧菌肺炎的治疗的抗菌素有哪几种?3. 心肌梗塞的溶栓适应症、禁忌症、血栓再通的指证。

4. IgA肾病临床表现、特点、诊断。

5. 早期胃癌的定义，镜下分型。

6. 单剂量、小剂量、大剂量地塞米松抑制试验的原理方法、临床意义。

二．专业题（任选一题）1．肺栓塞的临床表现、诊断、有哪些检查，其意义是什么？2．全血细胞减少的鉴别（至少6种疾病）3．简述和Hp有关的疾病，常用的检查方法及其意义，常用的治疗方案。

4．试述急进性肾小球肾炎的分型、免疫病理、治疗原则。

5．试述糖尿病1型β细胞损伤机制的进展。

6．心血管（不详）7．传染科1）肝炎病毒有哪几种，近年发现的肝炎病毒是什么？2）治疗乙型肝炎的抗病毒药物有什么（至少2种）？3）那些病毒导致的肝炎用重症倾向，那些有慢性化倾向？4）何谓乙肝病毒变异，如何治疗？三．名词解释1．室型并行心律2．肝肾综合征3． Horner综合征4．异位ACTH分泌综合征5． SIADH综合征6．费城染色体7． Coombs test8．交通性气胸9.10．三．填空题1．抗结核药物杀菌剂有--------- --------- --------- ------------；为了控制结核流行，需要做到-------- ---------- --------- ----------。

2．消化性溃疡的特点-------- ------- ----------。

3．慢性肾小球肾炎最常见的临床表现是----------。

4．引起肾实质性急性肾功能衰竭的原因有-------- ------- ------- 。

5．糖尿病诊断标准:症状+ -----血糖≥11.1mmol/l,空腹血糖------7.0mmol/l ,空腹是指-----------。

6．垂体受损时，-------激素分泌最先受影响。