词形变换

词形变化的四种情况和举例
词形变化是英语中一个不容忽视的重要语法内容，它主要包括增加词尾字母、双写末尾字母、去除末尾不发音的字母以及变换字母位置等四种情况。

首先，增加词尾字母一种情况，这是最常见的情况，主要发生在动词和形容词上。

比如，动词加-ed，表示现在分词和过去式，比如help----helped, love----loved; 而加-ing，表示现在分词help ----helping, love----loving; 对于形容词来说，加-er,-est表示比较级和最高级，比如 tall-taller-tallest, fat-fatter-fattest。

其次，双写末尾字母也是一种比较常见的情况，这种情况主要总现在表示动词的现在分词。

比如：run ---- running, begin----beginning。

第三，去除末尾不发音的字母也是一种比较常见的情况，这种情况主要发生在动词和名词上。

比如：run ---- ran，去除了末尾的“n”；school ----schol，去除了末尾的“l”。

最后，变换字母位置也是一种比较常见的情况，这种情况主要发生在动词和名词上。

比如：drink----drank, thumb----thumbe。

总而言之，词形变化是英语学习中不可或缺的重要语法内容，大家要仔细学习，理解各种变化规则，正确掌握词形变化，以便运用到英语学习和应用中。

抢分法宝01词形变换350组+高频短语600组一、词形变换350组1.动词→名词（1)v.+er(or/r)表示相应动作的人或者职业win→winner play→player listen→listenerlove→lover sleep→sleeper work→workeract→actor direct→director dance→dancerdesign→designer report→reporter lead→leaderown→owner drive→driver speak→speakertravel→traveler/traveller sing→singer write→writerrun→runner invent→inventor visit→visitordive→diver explore→explorer light→fighterpaint→painter manage-→manager interview→interviewer（2)v+ing表示相应动作的名词swim→swimming cook→cooking draw→drawinghike→hiking meet→meeting paint→paintingread→reading build→buildingwrite→writing walk→walking skate→skatingski→skiing mean→meaning feel→feeling（3)v.+tion/ation/sion大多为抽象名词operate→operation organize→organization collect→collection communicate→communication congratulate→congratulation direct→direction donate→donation educate→education introduce→introduction invent→invention invite→invitation celebrate→celebration suggest→suggestion pollute→pollution protect→protection act→action pronounce→pronunciation connect→connection consider→consideration correct→correction create→creation describe→description examine→examination imagine→imagination produce→production compete→competition compose→composition decide→decision discuss→discussion express→expression（4)v.+ment大多为抽象名词govern→government develop→development agree→agreement manage→management achieve→achievement treat→treatment enjoy→enjoyment excite→excitement improve→improvement move→movement punish→punishment（5)其他choose→choice die→death marry→marriage serve→service think→thought weigh→weightact→actress appear→appearance succeed→successfail→failure discover→discovery2.动词→形容词（1)v.+ing/ed(d)＋ing修饰物，v+ed修饰人excite→exciting/excited amaze→amazing/amazed satisfy-→satisfying/satisfied frighten→frightening/frightened interest-→interesting/interested relax→relaxing/relaxedbore→boring/bored tire→tiring/tiredsurprise→surprising/surprised please→pleasing/pleased（2)e.+tiveact-→activecreate-→creativecompare→comparative（3)其他wake→awakelive→alivesleep→asleepdie→dead3.形容词→副词（1)adj.+lycareful→carefully cheap→cheaply certain→certainly brave→bravely different-→differently clear→clearly beautiful→beautifully bright→brightly correct→correctly deep→deeply final→finally polite→politely usual→usually wide→widely slow→slowlyrecent→recently regular→regularly quick→quicklysafe→safely（2)变y为i+lyeasy→easily happy→happily heavy→heavilylucky→luckily unlucky→unluckily healthy→healthily（3)去e+y（im)possible→(im)possibly probable→probablysimple→simply comfortable→comfortably4.形容词→名词（1)adj.+nesshappy→happiness kind→kindness sick→sicknesssad→sadness shy→shyness ill→illness（2)adj.(-e)+(i)ty(y)safe→safety difficult→difficulty active→activity creative→creativity possible→possibility impossible→impossibility international→internationality social→socialityelectric→electricity（3)adj.-t+cesilent→silence confident→confidence patient→patience different→difference important→importance excellent→excellence absent→absence（4)其他weigh→weight high→height deep→depthtrue→truth young→youth foreign→foreigner strange→stranger medical→medicine free→freedombasic→basis5.名词→形容词（1)n.+y多为表示天气的名词snow→snowy sun→sunny cloud→cloudyfog→foggy shine→shiny rain→rainywind→windy taste→tasty health→healthynoise→noisy fun→funny luck→luckysleep→sleepy salt→salty（2)n.+ful多为抽象意义的名词wonder→wonderful colour/color→colourful/colorful cheer→cheerful success→successful power→powerful peace→peaceful care→careful help→helpful use→useful harm→harmful meaning→meaningful beauty→beautiful joy→joyful pain→painful power→powerful truth-→truthful force→forceful thank→thankful regret→regretful（3)n.+alperson→personal tradition→traditional music→musical education→educational culture→cultural nature→natural practice→practical centre→central type→typical society→social（4)n.+less相应形容词的反义词care→careless hope→hopeless help→helpless harm→harmless home→homeless use→useless meaning→meaningless end→endless（5)n.+ly多为表示时间的名词day→daily week→weeklylove→lovely friend→friendly（6)n.+e(r)nn.+em,多为表示方位的名词；n.+en,多为表示物质的名词north→northern south→southern west→westerneast→eastern wood→wooden gold→golden（7)n.+ous多为抽象意义的名词humor→humorous danger→dangerous courage→courageous fame→famous（8)n.+ablevalue→valuable fashion→fashionable comfort→comfortable knowledge→knowledgeable reason→reasonable reuse→reusable（9)表示国家的名词变形容词America→American Britain→British Chin→Chinese England→English France→French Japan→Japanese Germany→German India→Indian Italy→Italian（10)其他energy→energetic fool→foolish pride→proud hunger→hungry 6.名词→名词表示相应的职业science→scientist art→artist piano→pianisttour→tourist violin→violinist（2)n.+ian表示相应的职业history→historian magic→magician music→musician library→librarian（3)其他birth→birthday friend→friendship class→classmate farm→farmer7.加前缀un,dis,im,in变反义词（1)加un-变反义词comfortable→uncomfortable able→unable friendly→unfriendlyfair→unfair like→unlike happy→unhappy necessary→unnecessary pleasant→unpleasant popular→unpopular usual→unusual lucky→unlucky easy→uneasy crowded→uncrowded expected→unexpected believable→unbelievable （2)加dis-变反义词appear→disappear cover→discover honest→dishonest like→dislike agree→disagree appoint→disappoint belief→disbelief able→disable（3)加im-变反义词patient→impatient possible→impossible polite→impolite （4)加in-变反义词dependent→independent expensive→inexpensive correct→incorrect二、高频短语600组comee out出来;出版;开花;结果e over顺便来访;过来e in进入;进来e into进入e up出来;上升e down退步;下降;下来e back回来;想起来e across(偶然）遇见（或发现）;横穿e on来吧;赶快;加油e from来自e along一道去;赶快;进行;进展e true(希望等）实现;达到e up with追上;赶上;想出（主意）;找出（答案）★fall1.fall behind落后2.fall down倒下;滑倒3.fall into掉进···里4.fall off从···掉下来5.fall in love with爱上★6.fall asleep人睡★7.fall ill患病;病倒8.fall over绊倒get1.get on穿上;上车;进展2.get off下车;脱下(衣服等)★3.get up起床4.get down下降5.get away(from)逃离....6.get back返回;回来;回家;归还7.get into进人;陷入8.get from从······得到9.get over克服★10.get lost迷路11.get out of离开;从······出来12.get ready for为······做准备★13.get along/on with sb.与······相处★14.get a ride(to)搭便车give1.give away捐赠;颁发★2.give up放弃★3.give in屈服;让步4.give out分发;散发5.give back还给;归还;恢复（健康等）6.give birth to生;产生7.give sb.a lift/ride(to)捎某人一程go1.go away走开2.go away from从···离开3.go along...沿着··走4.go back回去5.go on继续;进展★6.go out出去;熄灭7.go over仔细检查;复习8.go through浏览;翻阅;通过（内部）★9.go outside去户外10.go off(闹钟）响;离开look1.look up查询;向上看2.look through浏览★3.look at看着★4.look around向四周看5.look for寻找6.look over检查7.look out留神;当心8.look after照顾★9.look like看起来像10.100k up to尊敬（＝admire)11.look down upon瞧不起;看低12.10ok forwand to期待;盼望★13.look out of往······外看14.l0mk into向·····里面看;调查put1.put on穿上（戴上）;上演;增加2.put up张贴（广告等）;挂起;举起;搭建（帐篷）★3.put away放好;收拾4.put down记下;镇压5.put into把······放进;使进入6.put off推迟;阻止★7.put out熄灭;扑灭take1.take off脱下;起飞★2.take away拿走3.take on呈现4.take down记下;取下5.take up从事;着手处理;开始养成6.take out取出7.take over接收;接管8.take after(外貌或行为）像（＝look like)9.take in吸入;吞人（体内）;欺骗10.take part in参加···;参与...11.take pride in感到自豪（=be proud of)12.take care of照顾;照料（＝look after)★13.take care当心14.take place发生15.take notes做笔记16.take risks(take a risk)冒险17.take breaks/rests(take a break/rest)休息18.take a walk散步19.take a shower洗淋浴;洗澡20.take a vacation去度假21.take a message捎个口信;传话22.take a photo of.../take photos of给....照相23.take an interest in对·······感兴趣24.take it easy从容;轻松;不紧张25.take one's place代替;替换turn1.turn down调低（声音）★2.turn up调高（声音）★3.turn off关掉★4.turn on打开★5.turn around转身;调头6.turn over翻身;翻转7.turn left向左转8.turn right向右转9.turn out(to be)结果是10.turn upside down完全颠倒11.turn...into...变成·....·★（二）同一介词／副词型to do sth.(不定式标记）1.want to do sth.想要做某事2.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事3.would like(sb.)to do sth.想要某人做某事4.need to do sth.需要做某事5.ask sb.to do sth.叫／请求某人做某事6.plan to do sth.计划做某事e sth.to do sth.用某物做某事8.happen to do sth.碰巧干某事9.be sure to do sth.确定做某事10.have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事11.force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事12.forget to do sth.忘记（要）做某事ed to do sth.过去常常做某事14.decide to do sth.决定做某事15.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事16.seem to do sth.似乎做某事17.hate to do sth.讨厌做某事18.take turns to do sth.轮流干某事19.lead sb.to do sth.领导某人做某事20.learn to do sth.学会做某事21.in order to do sth.为了做某事22.for the first time to do sth.第一次做某事23.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事24.have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事25.take many measures to do sth.采取措施做某事26.be ready to do sth.乐意做某事27.aid sb.to do sth.援助某人做某事28.try to do sth.试图做某事29.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某人30.be able to do sth.能够去做某事31.can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事32.be required to do sth.被要求去做某事33.remember to do sth.记得要去做某事34.make one's mind to do sth.下定决心去做某事35.manage to do sth.设法做成某事36.expect(sb.)to do sth.期望（某人）做某事37.promise to do sth.承诺做某事38.like to do sth.喜欢做某事39.help(sb.)to do sth.帮助某人做某事40.be afraid to do sth.害怕去做；不敢去做41.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做某事42.be willing to do sth.乐意做某事to(介词）doing sth.1.prefer doing sth.to doing sth.更喜欢做某事2.be/get used to(doing)sth.习惯于（做）某事3.look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事4.stick to(doing)sth.坚持（做）某事about短语1.care about关心;在意2.talk about谈论关于...3.think about考虑4.worry about(=be worried about)担忧;担心5.be sure ahout确信;对····有把握away短语1.nun away逃跑；跑掉2.throw away扔掉3.far away(from)在远处;远离...4.right away立刻;马上5.keep...away from避免接近;距离★6.stay away(from)远离back短语1.bring back恢复;使想起;归还2.call(sb.)back(给某人）回电话3.pay back偿还（借款等）4.talk back回嘴;顶嘴down短语1.break down发生故障（＝stop working)2.calm down保持冷静（=keep calm)3.cut down砍倒★4.let...down使····失望或沮丧5.sit down坐下6.write down写下;记下for短语1.ask for要;要求;请求2.care for关心;关怀;照顾3.pay for付···账;付买···的钱★4.prepare for为···做准备5.thanks for为···而感谢6.wait for等候;等待7.be bad for对···有害8.be late for迟到9.be known for以······闻名;为人知晓★10.be used for被用来做·......11.be thirsty for渴望;渴求12.get/be ready for为······做准备13.leave for到·····地方去from短语1.across from在·····对面2.hear/from收到·.···的来信3.learn...from..向...学习...4.prevent from妨碍;阻止;制止5.separate..from...分开6.be different from与·····不同★into短语1.change into转换成;把·····变成2.divide into把...分成3.knock into与...相撞4.walk into走路时撞着in短语1.arrive in到达（＝get to)2.believe in信任;信赖3.call in拜访4.hand in交上;提交;呈送5.join in参加（＝take part in)6.let in让···进来;放···进来7.be interested in对·······感兴趣★8.do well in在·······做得好of短语1.hear of听说2.think of思考;考虑3.be full of充满···的;（有）大量的;（有）丰富的4.be in control of掌管;管理5.be made of由······制成★6.run out(of)用尽;耗尽7.go out of one's way特别地;格外努力8.get in the way of挡······的路;妨碍★off短语1.take off脱下;起飞;成功★2.break off突然中止;中断3.clean...off把...擦掉4.cut off切除5.keep off勿踏;勿踩6.pay off付清（欠款等）7.ring off挂断电话;停止讲话8.run off跑掉;迅速离开9.see off送行10.set off动身;启程;使爆发11.show off炫耀;卖弄12.shut off关闭;停止运转13.turn off调低（声音）14.put off推迟;阻止15.get off下车;脱下（衣服等）on短语1.concentrate on全神贯注于2.depend on依赖;依靠★3.hold on等一等（别挂电话）4.keep on继续（进行）;坚持5.live on以···为主食;靠·...为生6.pass on传递7.try on试穿;试试看8.work on从事;忙于up短语1.bring up教育;培养2.cheer up使···开心（＝make happy)3.clean up打扫4.drink up喝光5.eat up吃光6.end up结束7.fix up修理;修补8.hang up挂断电话9.hurry up赶快10.grow up成长;长大11.make up组成12.mix up混合在一起13.open up打开14.pick up捡起;搭载;收听（广播）15.set up搭建;建立;设立16.ring up打电话17.show up出现★18.think up想出19.dry up干涸;枯竭to短语1.belong to属于★2.listen to...听...3.talk to...跟···说4.lead to导致;通向5.make contribution to为···作贡献6.add...to...把·····加到······上7.lend...to...借...给·....8.prefer...to...喜爱·····更甚于...9.shout to...对····大声喊叫10.pay attention to对···注意;留心11.help oneself to请随便吃点12.hold on to继续;坚持;保持13.be up to是···的职责;由····决定14.be similar to与···相像;类似★with短语1.agree with赞同;持相同意见2.deal with处理;应付3.begin with以···开始4.connect with与···相连pare...with与····比较;与···对比6.provide...with提供····给···7.be angry with生··的气;对···感到气愤8.be good with善于应付····的;对···有办法9.be strict with对····严格要求★10.help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事★11.keep in touch with与···保持联系12.make friends with与···交友13.catch up with赶上14.have to do with关于;与···有关系名词短语1.after-sale service售后服务2.after-school classes课后辅导班3.after-school reading program课外阅读项目4.amusement park游乐园5.Animal Helpline动物保护热线6.animals world动物世界7.basketball club篮球俱乐部8.beef soup牛肉汤年9.big deal重要的事10.board games棋类游戏11.Chinese Dream中国梦12.Chinese chess中国象棋13.Chinese culture中国（华）文化14.Chinese food中餐15.Clean-Up Day清洁日16.close friends密友;亲密的朋友17.clothes store服装店fortable home舒适的家puter games电脑游戏puter programmer电脑程序员21.country music乡村音乐22.disabled people残疾人23.earth's surface地球表面24.eating habits饮食习惯25.electronic music电子音乐26.endangered animals濒危动物27.English club英语俱乐部28.English-speaking country讲英语的国家29.enough stress足够的压力30.fairy tale神话故事31,family member家庭成员32.family photo全家福33.favorite animals最喜欢的动物34.favorite subject(s)最喜欢的科目35.favorite writer最喜爱的作家36.film director电影导演37.first name名字38.first prize一等奖★39.free time activities业余活动40.free time空闲时间41.freezing weather严寒的天气42.fresh meat新鲜的肉43.fresh news新消息44.fresh water淡水45.funny time有趣的时间46.game show游戏节目47.good exercise好的锻炼48.good idea好主意49.good learners优秀的学习者50.great fun非常有趣★51.great invention伟大的发明★52.great sale大甩卖;大促销53.green city绿色城市54.green tea绿茶55.happy hour快乐的时光56.healthy food健康的食物57.history museum历史博物馆58.home news国内新闻59.host family寄宿家庭60.ID card number身份证号码61.interesting information有趣的信息62.interesting job有趣的工作63.junior high school初级中学64.the kite festival风筝节nd pollution土地污染st/family name姓氏67.living habits生活习惯68.living room客厅69.long history悠久的历史70.main character主要人物71.man-made objects人造物体72.medium build/height中等身材／身高73.model plane飞机模型74.mountain climbing登山运动75.movie camera电影摄影机76.Natural History Museum自然历史博物馆77.news hotline新闻热线78.news report新闻报道79.noise-maker噪音制造者80.noisy neighborhood喧闹的社区81.pay TV付费电视82.phone/telephone number电话号码83.plane tickets飞机票84.police artist警局绘画师85.police station警察局86.post office邮局87.potato chips薯条88.practice sports体育训练89.real criminal真正的罪犯90.school bus校车91.school clean-up学校大扫除92.School Day学校开放日93.school ID card学生卡94.primary school pupil小学生95.school trip学校旅行★96.science fiction科幻小说97.science museum科学博物馆98.science teacher科学老师99.self-service bank自助银行100.shopping center购物中心101.singing competition歌唱比赛102.smooth music舒缓的音乐103.soap opera肥皂剧104.soccer player足球运动员105.soccer/football dream足球梦106.social groups社会团体107.something enjoyable快乐的事情108.something important重要的事情★109.something interesting有趣的事情110.something strange奇怪的事情111.something unusual不寻常的东西／事情112.something valuable贵重的东西113.something special特殊的事情／物114.space station太空站115.speaking skills口语技巧★116.spoken English英语口语★117.Sports Center运动中心118.sports club体育俱乐部119.Sports Day体育节★120.sports show体育节目121.sports stars体育明星122.strange noises奇怪的声音123.summer school暑假学习班124.8wimming club游泳俱乐部125.table manners餐桌礼节★126.talent show才艺展示;才艺表演★127.talk show访谈节目★128.tape player录音机129.tea art performances茶艺表演130.tea art茶艺131.theme park主题游乐园132.tidy bedroom整洁的卧室133.touch screens触摸／触屏134.town center城镇中心 reporter电视记者eful book有用的书137.vegetable/fruit salad138.volleyball star排球明星139.warm heart热心肠140.Wednesday morning星期三上午141.welcome party欢迎会形容词短语1.be famous/known for以···而闻名★2.be good for对···有好处★3.be bad for对···有害4.be late for迟到5.be sorry for对···感到抱歉6.be thirsty for渴望;渴求★7.be used for用来做...8.be good with善于应付···的;对···有办法9.be pleased with对····满意10.be popular with受到···的欢迎11.be busy with忙于...★12.be full of/filled with充满;装满13.be kind to对···友好14.be similar to与···相似★15.be polite to对···礼貌16.be friendly/kind/nice to对···友好17.be able to do sth.有能力做某事;会做某事18.be expected to do sth.被期望做某事19.be glad to do sth.高兴做某事20.be/get used to习惯于···★21.be afraid of害怕···22.be proud of对···感到自豪23.be fond of喜欢···24.be careful about对···小心25.be excited about对···感到兴奋、激动26.be famous/known as作为···而闻名★27.be interested in对···感兴趣★28.be good at擅长★29.be surprised at对···感到惊讶★介词短语in短语1.in the future在将来2.in trouble处于困境／麻烦之中★3.in peace和平的4.in pain疼痛的5.in public(places)在公共场所6.in a hurry匆忙；很快地7.in danger处于危险之中8.in fact事实上;实际上9.in half分成两半10.in need需要11.in one's opinion依某人看12.in person亲自;本人13.in silence寂静;安静★14.in time及时;来得及15.in total总共16.in turn依次地;轮流地17.in this way通过这种方法★18.in the end最后;终于19.all in all总的说来20.have...in common有相同特征;（想法、兴趣等方面）相同21.in common公有（的）;共用（的）22.in all总之23.in general通常;大体上;一般而言24.in good health身体健康25.in order to为了26.i order按顺序27.in style时髦的;流行的28.in a row连续地29.in that case既然那样;假使那样的话30.in the way挡道的;妨碍人的on短语1.on time准时★2.on duty值日;值班3.on foot走路;步行★4.on sale廉价出售;出售★5.on show展开;在上演（放映）6.on display展览;陈列7.on purpose故意地8.on vacation度假9.on board在船上10.on weekends在周末11.on one's way to在某人去·····的路上12.on the left/right在左／右边13.on the phone用电话交谈；在通话14.on the one hand...on the other hand一方面······另一方面9.at night在晚上;在夜里10.at the age of在·.....·岁时11.at the beginning of在···开始时12.at the same time与此同时13.at the top of在···顶部14.at the moment此时;现在by短语1.by chance偶然★2.by hand亲手3.by the time直到······时候；到．····之前4.by the way顺便说／间一下5.by mistake错误地6.by accident偶然地★7.by air(bus,train,ship)乘飞机（公共汽车、火车、轮船）from短语1.from now on从今／此以后;今后2.from then on从那时起3.from time to time不时;偶尔4.from...to...从···到···5.far from离···远6.across from在···对面at短语1.at once立刻;马上2.at first首先3.at home在家里4.at last最后5.at least至少★6.at birth出生时7.at times有时;偶尔8.at present目前;现在8.all of a sudden突然;猛地as短语1.as a result(作为）结果2.as far as l know据我所知3.as for至于;关于4.as long as只要;既然★5.as well也;还有···6.as...as像···(一样）7.regard...as把···看作8.such as例如of短语1.instead of代替;而不是★2.kind of稍微;有点儿3.plenty of很多的;足够的4.lots of大量;许多★5.a lot of许多;大量★6.a kind of一种;一类7.all kinds of各种各样的9.ahead of在······前面10.because of因为;由于★11.first of all首先12.of course当然;自然13.hundreds of成百上千;许多;大量lions of数以百万计15.at the beginning of在·······开始16.in the face of面对（问题、困难等）17.in front of在······前面（表示在外部的前面）18.in the front of在······前面（表示在内部的前面）to短语1.thanks to幸亏;由于;因为2.in order to为了★3.according to根据;按照;据···所说;视···而定4.close to接近5.next to紧靠·····的旁边;贴近;最接近6.to be honest(作插人语）老实说;说实在的7.to one's joy令某人高兴的是···8.to one's surprise令某人惊喜／吃惊的是···9.to start with首先10.too...to太···而不能★11.up to到达（某数量、程度等）;至多有;不多于连词短语1.so that...以便；为了★2.such as(=for example)例如3.as soon as-···就···★4.as well as...也;又5.even though(if)即使6.in order that为了7.both...and.···和···(两者）都★8.neither...nor.···和···(两者）都不★9.either...or...要么···要么···或者···或者···★10.not only...but(also)...不仅···而且···★。

高中英语词形变换汇总(1)直接加-s.如：book→books， pen→pens， ruler→rulers， watch →watches， phone→phones.(2)以 s， x， ch， sh结尾的加-es.如：bus→buses， box→boxes，brush→brushes， watch→watches.(3)以辅音字母加 y结尾的改 y为 i再加-es.如：family→families，baby→babies.(4)以元音字母加 y结尾的直接加-s.如：boy→boys， toy→toys.(1)有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须熟记。

如：child→children，foot→feet， tooth→teeth， goose→geese， mouse→mice， man →men， woman→women等。

(2)单复数同形的名词。

如：fish(鱼)，deer(鹿)，sheep(绵羊)，works(工厂)，means(方法)等。

在动词后面加-s。

如：play→plays， like→likes， do→does， teach →teaches.在动词词尾加-ed。

如：clean→cleaned， visit→visited， work→worked， look→looked.有些动词的第三人称单数形式是规则的，如go→goes， do→does，see→sees等；有的不规则，如have→has。

不管这些形式是否规则，动词的第三人称单数形式在句子中都要当谓语动词用。

's所有格：一般情况在词尾加's。

如：Tom's book汤姆的书。

以s 结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加's。

如：Teachers' Day教师节。

以s 结尾的人名加's。

如：James' book詹姆斯的书。

并列名词的所有格在最后一个名词的词尾加's。

词形变换Unit 11. V.→N.endeavor – endeavor perceive– perception inherit – inheritance frustrate – frustration affirm – affirmation evaluate – evaluation introduce – introduction internalize – internalization rebel – rebel /rebellion occur–occurrence(事件，事故) involve – involvement observe–observant/observation apply -- application2. N.→V.i nteraction – interact information – inform expansion– expand endowment – endow(捐款) inhibition – inhibit resentment – resent approval– approve prejudice – prejudice collision– collideUnit 21.V. / adj.→N.dignify – dignity refuse –refusal embarrass – embarrassment smash – smash sympathize – sympathy frighten – frightserve – service solve – solutionglimpse – glimpse surrender – surrender intimate –intimacy absurb –absurdity ridiculous – ridicule mature – maturity miraculous – miracle terrible – terror proud – pride2. adj.→V.quick –quicken full – fillsad – sadden short – shorten sure – assure/ensure weak – weaken wide – widen sharp – sharpen strong –strengthen thick – thicken high – heighten long –lengthen cold – cool low – lowerangry – anger hot – heatdark – darken silent – silence light – lightenUnit 31.V. →N.plunge –plunge contact – contact advertise – advertisement enroll – enrollment require – requirement inquire –inquiry replace – replacement market – marketingfail – failure incorporate – incorporation guarantee –guarantee specialize – specialization 2.N.→V.subscription – subscribe performance – perform delivery – deliver donation – donate consumer – consume entitlement – entitle manufacturer– manufacture equipment – equip computer –computeUnit 41.V. →N.possess – possession endure –endurance penetrate – penetration encounter – encounter retire – retirement suspect – suspect/suspicion abandon – abandonment incline – inclination explore – exploration recover – recoverywarn – warning proceed – proceeding fascinate – fascination form –formation(形成) 2.adj.→N.anxious – anxiety miserable – misery dense – density instinctive – instinct familiar –familiarity essential –essence immense – immensity stupid –stupiditysudden – sudden invisible – invisibility generous – generiosity productive – productivity fond –fondness equivalent –equivalency Unit 51.V.→N.handle – handle charge – charge accuse –accusation suppose –supposition disagree – disagreement mix – mixture refute –refutation provoke –provocation commit – commitment diverge –divergence 2.N./ adj.→V.trial– try prosecution – prosecute mugging –mug alleged – allege guard – guard sickening – sicken preacher – preach elevated – elevate torn – tear unbearable – bear accomplishment – accomplish excitable – excite coincidence –coincide forgery – forgeUnit 61.V. →N.vote – vote assume –assumption depend – dependence risk – riskobject – objection recreate – recreation declare – declaration obscure –abscurity describe – description annoy –annoyance intimidate –intimidation resistant – resistance fragrant –fragrance reluctant – reluctance persisitent –persistence competent – competence 2.N./ adj.→V.detective – detect relative – relate doubt – doubt difference – differ display – display stress – stress breath – breathe disgusting – disgust narrator – narrate switch – switch ignorant – ignorance arrogant – arrogance distant – distance significant – significance Unit 81.V. →N.devastate – devastation exhilarate– exhilaration conform –conformity procreate – procreation invoke –invocation sustain –sustenance project – projection derive –derivation criticize – criticism restore –restoration2. N. →V.contortion – contort rationalization – rationalize transgression – transgress condemnation– condemn abortion – abort emphasis – emphasize seduction –seduce gratification – gratify destruction – destroy indulgence – indulge obligation – oblige motivation – motivate causation – cause survival – survive2.inhale(吸气) – exhale(呼气)interior(内部的) – exterior(外部的)internal（内在的）-- external（外在的）Unit 91.V. →N.float – floatation exasperate– exasperation loathe – loathing infuriate– infuriation stretch – stretch mock – mockerystrike – stroke decorate – decoration/decorative admire – admirationmanage – management/ unmanageablerolling hills 起伏的山坡lingering painimpulse – impulsive exhilarate -- exhilarating。