论中西方文化差异对商务广告翻译的影响
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中英文广告语翻译论文英汉本科生毕业论文(设计)论文(设计)题目:中英文广告语的翻译系别:专业 (方向):英语(国际商务)年级、班:学生姓名:指导教师:年月日中英文广告语的翻译摘要众所周知,在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天,想让自己的商品在众多同类竞争者中脱颖而出,吸引消费者,除了产品本身的品质外,广告必不可少,而在市场环境国际化的大背景下,恰当的广告语言,尤其是面向不同国家,不同语言,不同文化的消费者时如何准确,贴切的宣传自己的商品,更是重中之重。
随着全球经济一体化趋势的日益显著,国际间的商品流通日渐频繁,为了开拓国际市场,各个国家竞相推销自己的产品,其中一个重要的促销手段就是利用广告将本国的商品和厂商的声誉向国际推广。
由于国内不少企业没有充分认识到英文广告应当如何创作,将广告随便找个懂外语的人来翻译,而不是交给专业人士进行策划,因此译文质量难免不高。
部分广告主对外文一知半解,外行指导外行,使译文质量更加难以保证。
因此有的译员在处理广告翻译时机械对译,死扣字眼,削足适履,造成各种各样的错误本文从中西方文化差异及广告语言的特殊性方面入手,集中阐述中英文广告语言使用的异同以及产生这种差异的原因和避免这种差异的方法。
[关键词] 英汉广告语翻译跨文化差异ABSTRACTNowadays as we know, there are more and more acute marketing competition, under this condition, a good quality will be necessary if you want to make your commodity blooming and attractive to the consumer among millions of other competitors, besides ,a successful advertisement is also a very important part. Inthis international marketing environment, a proper advertise, especially when facing various consumers with different nationalities, different languages and different custom background, how to advertise your merchandise in a proper andefficient way is the most important thing from other importances.With the influence of global economy combination, there has been more and more businesscommunications among different nations, everyone aim at developing the market abroad by promoting the sale of their productions, one of the extremely importance is to make their own production and manufacturers famous all over the world by advertising.We cannot deny that many of the civil enterprises haven’t realized how to create an English advertisement, and search for help from an inexpert translator instead of professional agency, that leads to a poor quality of the advertisement translation. Some of the translation consignor knows little about English, inexpert helps inexpert, the quality of the translated advertisement will not be assured, and so that, many of the translator did a poor work with various intolerable mistakes. This thesis start with the differences and the specialty of the advertise language, concerningabout the diversities between Chinese and English advertise language use, the reason of the diversities and the way of solve the problem.[key Words] English-Chinese advertise language translation two cultures diversity目录一、关于广告............................................................................................................(4) 1、广告的定义.. (4)2、广告的起源 (4)3、广告文化二、广告语言 (5)1、中西方文化差异 (5)2、中西方语言差异 (6)3、文化差异对广告语言的影响 (6)三、中英文广告语互译 (7)1、背景及其现状 (7)2、翻译案例与技巧分析 (7)四、心得体会与结论 (10)参考文献 (11)致谢 (11)中英文广告语的翻译一、关于广告1、广告的定义广告是一种经济行为,有明确的商业目的,它最重要的功能是促销功能,同时广告也是一种文化交流。
商务英语翻译存在的问题及对策8篇第一篇商务英语的语言特点及翻译技巧商务英语在本质上和普通英语没有很大的区别,但是因为一种专业性较强的英语,因此商务英语也有很多的语言和翻译上的技巧和特点,并且经常会使用到一些专业术语,有很强的专业性。
因此,在进行商务英语翻译的时候,不仅要注意一般英语中的特点和技巧,还要根据英语专业性来把握相关英语的使用方法,进而使英语变成严谨、准确的商务英语。
一、商务英语的定义一般将商务英语分成两种形式正式语言和应用语言。
商务语言指的是在进行国际商务贸易交流发展时应用到的一种语言形式。
商务英语的语言应用在语言的优美方面并没有专业的要求,但是要求逻辑清晰、严谨,语言应用准确且严谨无误,同时做到语句结构的完整性。
在对贸易过程进行翻译时要求准确、完整、坚决不可以描述不清以免造成无法弥补的损失。
语言应用是象征着一个国家的礼仪素质,关系到国家的素养,因此越是一些小的问题就越会成为是否能够成功的主要因素。
二、商务英语的语言特点1专业英语词汇使用的准确性。
商务英语在进行使用时最主要的关键步骤就是能够准确无误的使用专业用语,专业用语当中包括很多的专业术语、译为商务含义的普通用语和复合语句,当然还有很多词汇的缩写等会用到商务中的理论和实践等,语言通俗但专业性极强。
2语句结构复杂但意图明确。
因为在进行国际性金融贸易使会涉及到交易双方的利益,因此涉及到的内容要语言叙述要求严谨无误并且结构清晰。
想要使其中的商务英语达到上述要求不出现错误,就需要在进行英语协议拟定、书写时保证用词的恰当,并且可能会用到很多类型的从句、短句进行补充或者修饰说明,所以一般商务英语的语句的结构都较为复杂。
3应用到很多被动语态、祈使句、非谓语动词和情态动词。
一般在商务英语英语中为了能够全面的将内容展示出来,就会在商务用语中加入很多的被动语句、祈使句、非谓语动词以及情态动词等等。
三、商务英语中的翻译技巧因为翻译是在进行国际贸易时必要的利用工具。
商务英语翻译应注意中西方文化的差异做好翻译工作的关键在于对两种文化的掌握程度。
词语只有运用在特定的文化中才具有意义。
中西方之间有着不同的文化传统,因此,从事商务英语翻译者必须了解掌握两国之间的文化差异,商务活动不仅是一种经济活动,还是一种文化交流。
商务翻译不同于一般的翻译,译者需具备语言、社会、文化、民俗、美学、市场经济学等多方面的知识,翻译时也须采用新的策略。
标签:商务英语直译意译中西方文化一、引言不同的民族有着不同的文化传统,“就像两个不同的根系,会生长出两棵不同的大树一样。
中国与美国无论在哪一方面,都存在着巨大的差异,要理解这些差异,首先要理解中美两国文化方面的差异”。
商业文化具有明显的大众性、商业性、民族性和时代性的特点,商务翻译文体上也不同于其他文体的翻译,它需要大胆的想像和创新的思维,使中西方文化上的差异在翻译过程中消失,使异国文化在译入语中再现。
二、直譯与意译应注意中西方文化的深层差异综观翻译历史,翻译理论领域百花齐放,百家争鸣,无绝对的声音。
特别是西方的翻译理论层出不穷,花样翻新。
大凡翻译形式无怪乎直译和意译两种方式。
对直译和意译问题,一些翻译者运用了直译与意译相结合的办法,即直译基础上的意译法。
功能对等的翻译要求不但是信息内容的对等,而且尽可能要求形式的对等。
如“Small deposit ,big return.”可译成“小额存款,巨额收益”;尽量保持原文的语言形式(即直译),又如,It’s smaller ,It’s lighter. ” 可译成“机器更新,小巧轻便”。
(夏普复印机广告),只有在直译的意义不明确,不能再现原文的内容与风格的时候,才可以改变原文的语言形式而采取意译的方法。
如,When you are in Rome ,do as Romans do .应译为“入乡随俗”。
但无论哪种方法,译者在翻译的过程中都要时刻考虑到中西方文化上的差异。
并使这些差异在翻译过程中消失,使异国文化在译入语中再现。
跨境电子商务中商务英语翻译问题分析简介在跨境电子商务中,商务英语翻译是至关重要的一环。
不仅涉及到产品描述、网站内容等方面,还关系到与海外客户的沟通以及商务谈判等各个环节。
然而,由于语言、文化、市场等方面的差异,商务英语翻译问题常常会出现。
本文将分析跨境电子商务中常见的商务英语翻译问题,并提供相应解决方案。
1. 语言差异问题在跨境电子商务中,不同国家和地区使用不同的语言,因此语言差异是商务英语翻译中常见的问题。
以下是一些常见的语言差异问题:1.1 词汇差异不同国家和地区有不同的词汇和表达方式。
例如,在英语中,“football”指的是足球,而在美国英语中,“football”指的是橄榄球。
因此,在进行商务英语翻译时,需要对词汇进行准确的理解和翻译,以避免误解。
1.2 语法差异不同语言的语法结构不同,因此在翻译过程中需要注意语法差异。
例如,在汉语中,名词和形容词之间没有固定的顺序,但在英语中,名词通常在形容词之前。
因此,在商务英语翻译中,要确保语法结构的准确性。
1.3 文化差异语言与文化密切相关,不同国家和地区的文化差异会影响到商务英语翻译。
例如,在中国文化中,谦虚而客气的表达方式很重要,而在美国文化中,直接而坦诚的表达方式更为常见。
因此,在商务英语翻译中,要考虑到目标受众的文化背景,选择合适的翻译方式。
2. 广告宣传问题跨境电子商务中,广告宣传是吸引目标客户的重要方式。
然而,由于不同文化和市场的差异,商务英语翻译中常常会出现广告宣传问题。
以下是一些常见的广告宣传问题:2.1 形象词汇翻译在广告宣传中,使用形象词汇是吸引客户的重要手段。
然而,形象词汇的翻译往往会存在文化差异。
例如,在中国文化中,传统的所谓“中国红”象征喜庆和吉祥,但在西方文化中,红色通常与危险或警告相联系。
因此,在进行广告宣传的翻译时,要对形象词汇进行妥善处理,以确保广告的效果。
2.2 幽默和双关语翻译在广告宣传中,使用幽默和双关语可以增加吸引力和记忆度。
论国际商务谈判的文化差异和策略国际贸易作为经济全球化的重要组成部分,不可避免地面临着文化差异所带来的挑战。
在跨文化商务谈判中,了解、尊重和应对文化差异是保证双方合作成功的关键因素。
本文将以此为主题,探讨国际商务谈判中的文化差异以及应对策略。
一、文化差异的来源文化差异是由人类种族、民族、历史、地理等多种因素所决定的。
在国际商务谈判中,文化差异的主要来源包括以下几点:1.宗教信仰,道德观念不同不同的宗教信仰和道德观念对商业活动产生深远的影响。
例如,在中东和南亚国家,宗教信仰对商业活动有很重要的影响,比如对汇款、婚姻和继承等方面的法律规定。
2.历史、传统、社会结构不同不同国家的历史、文化和社会结构各异,这些因素对商务谈判产生了影响。
一些国家注重雇佣关系的和谐,有时会导致企业采取不寻常的雇佣方式。
相反,在其他国家,掌握权力的人往往强权地掌控业务,社会结构也将贯穿于业务中。
3.语言差异语言是文化的重要组成部分,不同语言之间的差异会导致商务谈判的沟通障碍。
谈判双方需要注意语言的精确性和翻译的准确性。
4.传媒的影响今天我们的文化是传媒时代创造的。
传媒以及文化产品对商务谈判的准备和执行方式产生了明显的影响,比如广告、电视剧和电影等。
二、文化差异所带来的问题在跨文化商务谈判中,文化差异所带来的问题不容忽视。
以下是一些经常出现的问题:1.沟通障碍双方可能会因为语言和文化差异而导致沟通障碍。
这会影响谈判的进展和结果。
2.价值观不同双方的价值观不同,会影响商务谈判过程。
例如,有些文化认为合作是主要结局,而另一些文化则更注重面子和竞争。
3.行事方式不同不同的文化中,人们行事方式和工作方式往往不同,导致商务谈判的进度和结果难以统一。
4.法律和商业习俗法律和商业习俗不同,导致商务合作不同步和谈判过程变得更加棘手。
三、应对策略在国际商务谈判中,应对文化差异的策略具体如下:1.培养文化意识在进入跨文化商务谈判之前,首先需要加强文化意识的培养。
The Exploration of Business AdvertisingTranslation from the Cross-cultural Perspective ContentsAbstract In recent years, the rapid development of the advertising trademarks fully proved nowadays advertising translation occupy an increasingly important strategic position in people's daily lives . Advertising Translation’s significance is to move their original country culture and Western cultures into a part of the audience’s culture , and thus a foothold to promote its goods and image to convey the spirit of the trademark.Therefore, the success of the advertising translation will bring huge economic benefits to the manufacturer, on the contrary will cause economic losses. Advertising language as an application language is also a carrier of the national culture.Contemporary,the perspective of translation work is no longer the old-fashioned words translated, but more using the compliance, the principle of reciprocity, the relevance theory and subjectivity translation principles as the main principles, especially advertising and trademark translation work even more so.The aim is to translate into the advertising audience country's cultural environment better, so that the translated in a foreign cultural environment can truly be advertised, spread the cultural of their goods,promote products and to help companies create more actual profit value.This article analysis of the factors affecting the cross-cultural translation of advertising from the values, language, religion, social background and customs , with some examples to explore the basic principles and methods of advertising translation.Through comparative analysis, explore how to improve our country’s advertising translation work while considering the cultural acceptability.Key W ord:Advertising translation,Cross-Cultural,differences between East-West culture跨文化视角下对商务广告翻译的探究摘要:近年来,商标及广告翻译行业的迅速发展充分说明了现今广告翻译在人们的日常生活中占据了越来越重要的战略地位。
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改写理论视角下看葛浩文《狼图腾》的英译71 美国个人主义与中国集体主义的比较72 任务型教学过程及其在初中英语教学中的应用73 从目的论角度研究法国香水网络广告语的汉译本的语言特征74 苔丝悲剧人生的起因75 Analysis of the New Female Scarlett in Gone with the Wind7677 中西礼仪对比78 春节与圣诞节的对比研究79 英汉自谦语的对比研究80 论神话中的民族精神——希腊神话与中国神话之比较81 A Study on Intercultural Communication of American TV Series82 English-Chinese Advertisement Translation83 关于初中英语课堂中教师体态语的研究84 浅析《老人与海》中桑提亚哥的性格85 浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵及翻译86 从文化差异的角度论文学译者的翻译技巧87 从《推手》看中美文化差异对家庭关系的影响88 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的幻灭89 中学英语教学到大学英语教学衔接问题研究90 影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨91 影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨92 从心理学角度谈中国学生英语学习中典型语法错误的产生原因及其应对策略93 “垮掉的一代”形成的背景探析94 从《爱玛》看简•奥斯丁的爱情观95 英语谚语中关系分句之先行词he高频使用之探析96 《了不起的盖茨比》叙述者尼克分析97 二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用98 从女性主义视角解读《疯狂主妇》99 《了不起的盖茨比》中的人物分析100 从中西文化差异看文化负载词的翻译101 The Problems in English and Chinese Trademark Translation and Relevant Countermeasures 102 场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究103 The Influences of Religion On the American Society104 Maternal Love in The Millstone105 英语课堂中的非传统学习策略106 国际商务函电的礼貌原则研究107 语境与商务英语信函写作108 英语禁忌语的语用研究109 中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析110 《了不起的盖茨比》中乔丹•贝克的人物分析111 英汉汽车广告中常用“滑溜词”的对比分析112 浅谈经济全球化背景下的商务英语113 用文化批评看《雾都孤儿》里的反犹主义114 从消费社会学探析《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比美国梦的幻灭115 美国电影作品中英雄主义所隐含的美国社会文化116 合作学习在初中英语写作教学中应用的可行性研究117 The Symbols and Their Symbolic Meanings in The Scarlet Letter118 融入与挑战--从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》119 On the Ways to Develop Junior Middle School Students’Autonomous Ability120 中英语言中动物词汇的文化含义对比121 Jane Austen’s Opinion towards Marriage in Pride and Prejudice122 从中西文化差异的角度浅析商宴之道123 The Developments of Marriage View over Three Periods in the West124 探讨英语翻译教学中的问题及改进125 《动物农庄》中的象征意义研究126 从电影《刮痧》看东西方文化差异127 Exploring How to Increase Students' Interest in English128 A Comparative Study on the Celebrations of Traditional Chinese and Western Festivals129 论翻译的艺术130 生存与对话—浅析《非笑之事》131132 《苔丝》中的圣经和神话典故133 从《尼罗河上的惨案》看阿加莎•克里斯蒂小说的魅力和价值134 《纯真年代》女性意识探析135 读者在文学文本多元解读中扮演的角色136 英汉语篇中的省略衔接手段对比及其翻译方法——以《雪》译文为例137 浅析《恋爱中的女人》的圣经意象原型——从原型批评角度解读138 生命不息,奋斗不止——海明威小说中的英雄伦理观和英雄形象研究139 探析王尔德童话中的死亡主题140 合作学习模式在高中英语口语教学中的应用141 合作学习在小学英语词汇教学中的应用研究142 从《打鱼人和他的灵魂》看王尔德的唯美主义143 Advertising Language: A Mirror of American Value144 On the Irony in Pride and Prejudice145 中医术语翻译方法研究146 高中英语教学中的文化教育147 电影字幕英汉翻译中网络流行语的现象研究148 王尔德童话中的毁灭与拯救149 A Study on the Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in Junior High School150 从目的论角度分析化妆品品牌翻译151 对目前金融危机的分析152 爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法153 西方饮食文化对中国饮食的影响154 浅论中文商标的翻译155 旅游文本英译中的归化与异化156 A Probe into For Whom the Bell Tolls: the Eco-awareness of Hemingway157 从文化翻译学行为论看汉语国俗语的英译过程——对林语堂和《吾国吾民》的个案考察158 肯德基在中国的成功之道159 英语流行语的文化内涵160 约翰多恩诗中女性歧视现象分析161 克里斯加德纳的成功之路——电影《当幸福来敲门》评析162 语音歧义和语义歧义的语言学分析163 两代文学家的“优胜劣汰”--论《洪堡的礼物》中的反讽寓意164 试论《最蓝的眼睛》中黑人理想家庭的破灭165 功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究166 目的论视角下新闻标题汉译英研究167 从美国妇女社会地位的提升看英语歧视性词汇的变化168 从《嘉莉妹妹》看德莱塞的女性观169 从心理学角度看哈克贝利.费恩的性格170 人文主义思想在《皆大欢喜》中的运用171 从冲突到融合——从文化的角度看《喜福会》172 从电影功夫字幕翻译谈文化负载词的翻译173 评析杰克伦敦小说《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的象征意象174 论《暮光之城•暮色》中英译汉的词类转译175 中西方常用标语分析176 对《野性的呼唤》中的狗——巴克的分析研究177 不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译178 从《哈利波特》看儿童的成长179 On the Conflicts Reflected in the Character of Rebecca Sharp in Vanity Fair 180 英汉基本姿势动词(立、坐、躺)的语义实证比较研究181 在冲突与迷茫中凋零--浅析苔丝悲惨命运的必然性182 文学翻译中的对等183 从文化差异视角看英语新闻标题的翻译184 从关联理论分析辛弃疾的诗词翻译185 电影《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》中女主人公性格浅析186 从多视角比较《论读书》的两个译本187 On Integrity Management in Modern Enterprises188 翻译中的字词选择189 伊恩•麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析190 从语言表达看中西思维方式差异191 新闻报道的倾向性分析——语言学视角192 《基督山伯爵》与亚历山大•大仲马的金钱观193 初中生单词记忆的可行性研究194 负迁移在词汇层面上对中国学生的英语作为第二语言写作的影响195 简•奥斯汀《诺桑觉寺》中人物对爱情和婚姻的不同态度196 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较197 论《看得见风景的房间》中女性自我意识的觉醒198 英汉动物习语内涵意义的文化差异199 浅谈中西方价值观差异及对商务谈判的影响200 中英征婚广告对比分析研究。
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Strategi es青年消费者心理分析及相应的营销策略On Competition--China’s Green Products Learn From the War Between Coca Cola and Pepsi竞道--从可口可乐与百事的战争看中国绿色产品的市场策略Linguistic Strategies in International Business Negotiations国际商务谈判语言沟通技巧之我见Marketing Concept Revolution under the E-commerce电子商务条件下的市场营销理念变革The Strategy Choice of Chinese Retailing Industry---An Analysis of Wal-Mart Case中国零售业的战略选择——沃尔玛案例分析The Problems of China Stock Market and Its Solutions浅析中国股票市场的问题及其解决方案The Myth of Desert is Dashed to the Ground沙漠神话破灭The Retail Strategies of Wal-mart in China沃尔玛在中国的零售策略The Study on Green Trade Barriers on China’s Exports of Agricultural Products中国农产品出口中的绿色贸易壁垒分析A Comparison of the Marketing Strategies of the Japanese and Chinese Anime Industry日本和中国动漫产业的营销策略之比较Enlightenment of Samsung’s Marketing Strategy to Chinese Electronic Industry三星营销策略对中国电子企业的启示On the Situation of China’s Import and Export Commodity Inspection and Supervision中国进出口商品检验监督形势探讨The New Trade Protectionism from the Case: the Special Protectionist Tariff on Tire从轮胎特保案看新贸易保护主义The advantages and disadvantages of cheap labor in Chinese economic development廉价劳动力在中国经济发展中的利弊An Analytical Study on the Current Situation of China’s Textile and Apparel Exports and Its Countermeasures我国纺织品服装出口贸易的现状及其对策On Brand Management: Taking Procter & Gamble as a Successful Example品牌管理—宝洁公司为成功案例On Online Shopping Website, Taobao论在线购物网站,淘宝网Confucianism and Management of Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures儒家思想与中外合资企业管理On Web Marketing Strategies by Cosmetics of Chinese Brands国产化妆品的网路营销策略浅析Brand Name Translation from the Perspective of Consumer Psychology Adaptation顺应消费心理视角下的商标词翻译Application of Marketing Concepts in Sales of Bestsellers营销概念在畅销书运作中的运用The Importance of Cultural Integration to Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions文化整合在跨国并购中的重要性Marketing of Chinese Culture in Kungfu Panda功夫熊猫的中国元素营销An Analysis of Electronic Commerce Development in China中国电子商务发展分析Green Marketing: Key to Enterprise Development绿色营销: 企业发展的关键On China Mobile’s Strategies in Coping with 3G Networ k中国移动应对3G网络的策略分析A Study of the Pros and Cons of Direct Online Marketing and Countermeasures试析产品网络直销的利弊及其对策研究Intercultural Influence upon International Business Negotiation国际商务谈判中的跨文化差异Credit risks management and control in foreign trade enterprises外贸公司信用风险管理与控制Effects of U.S. Financial Crisis on World FDI and China Countermeasures美国金融危机对全球外国直接投资的影响及我国的应对策略The Influences of China Growth Enterprise Market on Listed Enterprises from Economies of Scale Theory从规模经济理论看中国创业板对上市企业的影响2010届商务英语专升本题目汇总On Dell’s E-Marketing Strategy (戴尔的网络营销策略)Analysis on Wal-Mart’s Marketing Strategy from the Perspective of Corporate CultureThe Principles and the Methods of Trademark Name TranslationOn the Application of Nonverbal Communication in International Business Negotiation(非言语交际在国际商务谈判中的运用)The Linguistic Characteristics of Advertising English(广告英语的语言特点)Exhibition Industry and the City Development--A Case Study of Xiamen(会展业与城市发展—以厦门为例)On Feasibility of Telephone Interpreting Service in Xiamen (开发厦门电话口译市场的可行性行研究)Marketing Strategies between Gome and Suning (国美和苏宁营销策略对比)Brand Strategy of Yin Lu (银鹭的品牌战略)On the Translation of English Business contracts(浅谈商务英语合同的翻译)SWOT Analysis of the Marketing Strategies of China Telecom(中国电信的SWOT分析) Developm ent of China’s Luxury Market(奢侈品在中国市场的发展)A Comparison between Wal-Mart Every Day Low Prices Products and ―Shanzhai‖ Products (沃尔玛―天天平价‖产品与山寨产品的比较研究)The Importance of Packaging in Marketing(产品包装在营销中的重要性)The Influence of Western Entertainment on Chinese Culture (西方娱乐的流入对中国文化的影响)Corporate Culture and Human Resource Management in Toyota(丰田的企业文化和人力资源管理)The Impact of Economic Globalization on China’s Industrial Competitiveness(经济全球化对中国产业竞争力的影响)On the Use of Behavior Language Skills in Business Negotiation(论行为语言技巧在商务谈判中的运用)Development strategy of internet marketing in e-commerce age (电子商务时代网络营销的发展对策)Challenges and Opportunities Facing China’s Foreign Trade(论中国外贸面临的机遇与挑战)Linguistic Features and Writing Strategies of English Contract(英文合同语言特色及撰写策略)Analysis of Marketing Strategies of McDonald’s and KFC in China(麦当劳与肯德基在中国的营销策略分析)Cross-cultural Management of Multinational Company (跨国公司中的跨文化管理问题)On Cultural Differences and International Marketing Strategy of Disneyland(浅议文化差异与迪斯尼的国际营销策略)The Enlightment of New Oriental on the Development of the Education Industry in China (新东方对我国教育产业的启示)On Brand Strategies and Brand Competitiveness in Marketing(论营销中的品牌战略与品牌竞争力)On Duality of Utterances: Constatives and Performatives(话语的述事与行事二重性)Analysis On the Status Quo and Development of the Logistics Industry of Xiamen Port(厦门港物流业的现状和未来发展态势分析)On Translation of English Economic News Discourse(浅谈经济新闻用语的翻译)The Advertising Strategies of Multinational Companies(跨国公司的广告策略)Cultural Differences on Tradename Translation(文化差异对商标翻译的影响)On Translating International Project Contract (国际工程合同的中英互译)On Translation of Cultural Implication in Dishes:Take Chinese Dishes for Example(论菜名的文化蕴涵翻译———以中国菜为例)On the Marketing Strategy of China Mobile (中国移动公司的市场营销策略)E-commerce and Its Influence on International Trade(电子商务及其对国际贸易的影响)The Lexicon Features and the Translations in International Business Contract (国际英语商务合同词汇特征及其翻译)On Translating English Metaphors into Chinese(英语隐喻汉译)Marketing and Advertising Strategies of P&G Company (宝洁公司的营销与广告策略)The Impacts of Financial Crisis on China’s Economy (金融危机对中国经济的影响)The Tire Tariff Case and Its Impact on the Trade Relationship between China and America (轮胎特保案及其对中美经贸关系的影响)On Strategies to Develop Chinese Auto Industry(浅析中国汽车产业的发展策略)The Grafting of Enterprise Culture and Brand Culture (企业文化与品牌文化的嫁接)E-Commerce and E-Human Resource Management(电子商务和人力资源电子化)The Impacts of Advertising on Consumer Behaviors(广告策略对消费者的影响)On the Integration of Traditional Retailing and E-Retailing(传统零售与电子零售的融合探讨)Impact of the Cultural Difference between China and the West on Business Negotiation (中西方文化差异对商务谈判的影响)The Connotation of Disney Brand Culture (迪士尼的品牌文化内涵)On The Influence of Intercultural Differences upon the Translation of Chinese Food Names in Hotel(跨文化差异对酒店菜名翻译的影响)OEC Management and Haier’s Success (OEC管理和海尔的成功)Marketing Strategy of Tea Industry In Fujian (福建茶叶产业的营销策略)Impact of Sino-Western Cultural Difference on Business Communication(浅谈中西文化冲突对于商务交际的影响)Yili’s Marke ting Strategy(伊利的市场营销战略)On Language Politeness Strategies in International Business Negotiation (国际商务谈判中语言的礼貌策略)Experiential Marketing of Starbucks(星巴克的体验营销战略)The Research of Marketing Strategy in Modern Chinese Hotel(现代中国酒店的市场营销战略研究)Comparative Studies on the Marketing Mix of Panasonic and Philips(松下与飞利浦整合营销对比研究)A Study of Citigroup’s Globalization Strategies (花旗集团的全球化发展战略分析)Research on Chinese Enterprises’ Global Branding Approach(中国品牌的国际化之路)Vagueness in English Advertising (模糊语在广告英语中的运用)2011届商务英语专升本题目汇总The Rebranding Strategy of Li-Ning李宁品牌重塑战略An Analysis of Confucius Institutes' Management孔子学院经营方式的分析On the Brand Promotion by Sports Sponsorship---A Case Study of Xiamen C&D Corporation Sponsorship for the Xiamen International Marathon论体育赞助对企业品牌的提升---建发赞助厦门国际马拉松Marketing Strategy for Tourism in West Fujian闽西旅游业的市场营销策略On Corporate Responsibilities to Employees---A Study of Foxconn Suicide Case论企业对员工的责任关于富士康跳楼事件的一些想法A Study of Hollywood Film Marketing from Inception从盗梦空间看好莱坞电影营销On Color Marketing论色彩营销Comparisons of Marketing Strategies Between Wall’s and Haagen-Dazs in China和路雪和哈根达斯在中国的营销策略对比Pepsi-cola’s Marketing Strategy百事可乐的市场营销策略On Nokia’s Operational Strategy in China诺基亚在中国的本土化经营Trademark Design and Its Marketing Effectiveness商标设计及其营销效果The Marketing Strategies of Carrefour in China家乐福在中国的市场营销策略Microblog Marketing微博营销Study on Green Marketing of Enterprises in China中国企业的绿色营销On the Success of Nestle论雀巢的成功China’s Shoemaking Industry and Anti-dumping中国制鞋业与反倾销The Analysis of Crisis Public Relations of Toyota Recall丰田召回门的危机公关分析Analysis on the International Application of SPA Model and Its Feasibility in Chinese Garment Retail Industry论SPA模式的国际应用及其在中国服装零售业的可行性Problems of Xiamen Exhibition Industry and Suggested Strategies分析厦门会展业所面临的问题以及对策On Factors Influencing Consumers’ Online Shopping Behaviors影响消费者网络购物行为因素分析Marketing Strategies of Anta安踏的营销策略An Analysis of Conciseness and Courtesy Principle in Foreign Trade Correspondence关于外贸函电中简明和礼貌原则的研究Xiamen IT Outsourcing Industry:Problems and Solutions厦门信息技术外包产业存在的问题及对策Toyota’s Marketing Strategies in the USA丰田在美国的市场营销策略SWOT Analysis of Metro’s Management and Marketing Strategies麦德龙管理方式和营销策略的SWOT分析On Logo Changing and Branding Strategy浅谈标识更换与品牌塑造战略On Translation of Product Instructions产品说明书的翻译Positioning of the Tourism of Gulangyu Island鼓浪屿旅游业的定位The Selection and Risk Prevention of International Trading Payment Methods国际贸易结算方式的选择与风险防范Inspirations of the IKEA Marketing Strategies宜家市场营销的启示Cultural Differences on Business Advertising Translation文化差异对商务广告翻译的影响The Reform of Chinese Export Rebates System中国出口退税制度的改革On Daphne's Brand Positioning达芙妮的品牌定位The Advantages and Disadvantages of Gome’s Marketing Strategy国美电器市场营销策略的优势与弊端Crisis Management in SMEs中小型企业的危机管理The Event Marketing: Approach to Reputation and Fortune事件营销:名利双收之路The Brand Strategies on Hongxing Erke从鸿星尔克看品牌发展战略Lipstick Effect in Film Industry电影中的口红效应Suggestions on Improving ICBC Telephone Banking关于改进工行电话银行的相关建议A Key to Human Resource Management: Emotional Management人力资源管理的关键---情感管理A Study of the Change of Dell’s Marketing Model in China: from the Perspective of Cultural Psychology从文化心理的角度探讨戴尔营销策略在中国的转变The Characteristics of Cosmetic Advertising化妆品广告的特点On the Ways of Marketing Communication for High-tech Firms高科技企业的市场营销沟通方式The Characteristics and Marketing of New Media Advertising新媒体广告的特点与营销A Comparison of Singapore Science Park and Zhongguancun Science Park新加坡科学园区与中关村科学园区的比较On Marketing of Fujian Traditional Culture Products福建传统文化产品营销On Comparison of Compliance-gaining Strategy in Sino-U.S. Business Negotiations Based on Cultural Concept 从文化角度对比中美商务谈判的说服策略On Consumer Choice in Our C2C E-Commerce —— Impact of Online ReviewsC2C中消费者选择的影响因素——在线评论因素Demand and Security of China’s Energy中国的能源需求与安全―The Internet of Things Economy‖ Realizes the Smart Planet物联网经济实现智慧地球The Inspiration of the Success of NBA for the Development of CBANBA的成功对CBA发展的启示SWOT Analysis of MICE Tourism in Xiamen厦门市会展旅游SWOT分析Marketing Strategies of Western Coffee Industry and Chinese Tea Industry论西方咖啡业与中国茶业的市场营销策略On Marketing Strategies of Hakka Food客家食物的营销策略Wal-Mart’s Marketing Strategies Based on Customer Value沃尔玛基于顾客价值的营销战略On Cultural Diversity's Influence on Chinese-English Brand Name Translation论中西方文化差异对商标翻译的影响The Development of Chinese Budget Hotels经济型酒店在中国的发展A Study of Ecological and Leisure Urban Tourism of Xiamen厦门―生态—休闲‖型城市旅游初探The Circulation Crisis of Domestic Cosmetic Corporation From the Acquisition of Dabao从大宝收购案看中国化妆品行业的流通危机Risks in Mergers and Acquisitions and their Prevention企业并购的风险及防范A Study of American and Japanese Corporate Culture美日企业文化研究与启示The Marketing Strategy of Chinese Fast Food中式快餐的营销策略On the Marketing Strategies of Wong Lo Kat as a Successful Brand of Herbal Tea王老吉凉茶的营销策略研究The Marketing Strategies of Retail Chain Stores—A Case Study of Watsons从屈臣氏的成功案例探索零售连锁业营销策略Unilever’s Brand Strategy联合利华的品牌战略Analysis on the Current Situation of China’s Enterprises Suffering from Green Barriers and the Causes中国企业遭遇绿色壁垒的现状及原因分析7-Eleven Operating Strategies and their Implications for China’s Convenience Store Business7-Eleven的经营策略以及对中国便利店业的启示Impacts of Thinking Mode Differences on Cross-cultural Business Negotiation思维方式差异对跨文化商务谈判的影响The Intellectual Property Rights Protection in China中国的知识产权保护Multinational Corporation's Localization Strategy Analysis——Based on the Case of Yum! Brands Inc., China Division跨国公司本土化战略分析——基于百胜餐饮集团中国事业部的个案研究Analysis on Online Community网络社区分析Advantages and Disadvantages of Chinese Low-cost Labor Force中国廉价劳动力的利与弊On Chinese On-line Game Industry中国网络游戏产业Prospect of Chinese Export Toys Affected By Green Barriers绿色壁垒下中国玩具出口产业的发展The Importance of Internal Control to Enterprises’ Development内部控制对企业发展的重要性Apple’s Management Experience under the Leadership of Steve Jobs and Its Inspirations for Chinese Enterprises史蒂夫•乔布斯领导下苹果公司管理的成功之处及其对中国企业的启示The Importance of Competition System: On Japanese Animation Industry and Its Inspiration for Chinese Animation竞争机制的重要性——浅析日本动画产业和对中国动画产业的启示PB development of Chinese Retail-chain Enterprises中国连锁零售企业自有品牌的发展V ANCL--- A Successful Model of E-marketing凡客诚品——网络营销的成功典范A SWOT Analysis on the Management of Xinhua Bookstore新华书店的SWOT分析The Current Development Situation and Prospect of Chinese Culture Industry中国文化产业的发展现状及前景展望Analysis on the Brand Development of Herborist论佰草集的品牌发展之路E-marketing–A Long Way to Go for Chinese Enterprises网络营销—中国企业的发展道路On crisis management of Foxconn论富士康的企业危机管理Business Ethics: Product Responsibility----A Case Study of Sanlu Powder Milk Scandal企业伦理中的产品责任---以三鹿奶粉事件为例Analysis on Marketing Strategies to Female Consumers in China中国女性消费市场营销策略浅析The Way of Haier to Be a World- Famous Brand海尔的世界名牌之路Color Marketing in the Clothing Industry in Fujian色彩营销在福建服装行业的运用The Impact of Non-tariff Barriers on Chinese Export非关税壁垒对中国出口的影响The Art of Refusal --A Key to the Success of Business Negotiations拒绝的艺术---商务谈判成功的关键On Chinese Consume rs’ Purchasing Characteristics of Luxury Goods中国消费者奢侈品购买行为特征分析On Hollywood Movie Culture and its Business Value好莱坞电影文化与商业价值The Risks and Prevention of Using FOB and CIF in ExportingFOB和CIF在出口贸易中的利弊分析与风险防范Anti-dumping on China’s Textile Enterprises and the Countermeasures对华纺织业反倾销及应对措施On Unilever Brand Strategy联合利华品牌战略On Tactics and Skills of Business Consecutive Interpreting商务交替传译的策略和技巧Analysis of the Technical Barriers to Trade and China’s Countermeasures技术性贸易壁垒现状及中国应对措施分析The Influence of Modern Human Resources Management on the Development of Enterprises浅谈现代人力资源管理对企业发展的影响Adaptive Advertising with Google Adsense Model适应性广告和谷歌公司的互联网广告模型Enlightenment of NBA’s Success to the Development of Chinese Basketball IndustryNBA的成功经验对中国篮球产业发展的启示On the Effects of State Macro-Control of Real-Estate Market and Solutions to Soaring Housing Prices房地产宏观调控的效果及高房价的对策分析General Approaches of Retirement and Education Financial Planning养老以及教育理财规划的合理化方法2011届商务英语专升本题目汇总On the Influence of Intercu ltural Differences upon McDonald’s Advertising Strategies文化差异对麦当劳广告策略的影响Analysis of Marketing Strategy of TJOY Company丁家宜公司的营销策略分析On Corporate Culture and Performance Management of Foxconn浅谈富士康的企业文化与绩效管理On the Adverse Impacts of Sino-US Trade Surplus on China and the Countermeasures论中美贸易顺差对我国的负面影响及对策A Study of Louis Vuitton on the Financial Crisis路易•威登应对金融危机研究分析On the Translation of Brand Names---A Key to Help Brand Promotion商标词翻译---品牌提升的关键The Brand Strategy of Nike耐克的品牌战略The Marketing Strategy of Nokia诺基亚的营销策略On Hotel Management at Home and Abroad中外酒店管理模式研究The Stimulation on Consumption by Chinese National Day’s Vacation中国国庆假期对消费的刺激作用On the Translation of Business English News Headlines from the Cultural Perspective文化视角下的商务英语新闻标题翻译Analysis of Marketing Strategy of Happy Valley Theme Park欢乐谷主题园的营销策略分析A Brief Analysis on Management Problems with Geely’s Acquisition of Volvo吉利收购沃尔沃的管理问题简析On the Approaches to Enterprises’ Brand Positioning浅析企业的品牌定位方法The Study on Religious Factors of Corporate Culture in Japan浅析日本企业文化中的宗教因素Analysis of Joyo’s Marketing Strategy卓越网营销策略的分析Enlightenment of Olay’s Marketing Strategy to Chinese Cosmetic Industry玉兰油的营销策略对中国化妆品业的启示A Study of Talents Localization in Transnational Corporations 跨国公司的人才本土化问题及建议Analysis of the Construction of Low-Carbon City in Xiamen厦门低碳城市建设之探析On the Negative Effecs of the House Price Rising in China中国房价过快上涨的不利影响On Marketing Strategy of Samsung Mobile Phone浅析三星手机的营销策略Strategies of VANCL’s Brand Com munication凡客诚品的品牌传播策略On Chinese and American Philanthropies浅谈中美慈善事业On Obstacles and Developing Strategies of International Management of Wenzhou Small and Medium-sized Enterprises温州中小型企业国际化发展的障碍和发展策略Analysis of the Development of the Current Status and Strategies of Shuitou Stone Industry水头石材发展现状及其发展策略Analysis of Marketing Strategy of Lenovo Group浅析联想集团的市场营销策略On the Marketing Prospect of Bingfen冰粉的市场销售前景Green Marketing in Fujian Sunner Development Co., Ltd福建圣农公司的绿色营销策略分析On Product Recall in Crisis Management浅谈产品召回危机管理A Study of Development of Xiamen’s Tourist Souvenirs厦门旅游纪念品的开发与发展On the Development of Honeymoon Travel in Gulang Islet打造鼓浪屿蜜月旅游的设想The Study of the Tea Culture in Tenfu Tea College浅析天福茶学院的茶文化专业On Business English Abbreviations浅谈商务英语中的缩略语The Problems and the Marketing Strategies of Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden厦门园博苑存在的问题及其营销策略On Constructive Strategies in International Marketing: A Cross-cultural Approach从跨文化角度浅谈国际营销中的建设性策略On Perfect Company’s Managemen t Strategies探讨完美公司的营销管理策略On L/C Translation:From the Perspective of Skopos Theory功能目的论指导下的信用证翻译Development of Sports Entertainment Industry体育娱乐业的发展A Study on the Talent Management of Mengniu蒙牛集团人才管理研究The Prospect of China's Eco-tourism中国生态旅游的发展前景Culture Development Strategy In Multinational Company跨国公司的文化发展战略The Differences between Chinese and American Time Concepts and the Impact on Business Activities中美时间观念的差异及其对商务活动的影响Study on the Strategies of Xiamen Logistics Industry Development厦门物流产业发展战略研究The Status Quo and Prospects of Express Delivery Service Industry---S.F. as an example中国快递行业发展现状及其发展对策前瞻---以顺丰为例The Comparison and Analysis of Disney and World Carnival迪斯尼与环球嘉年华经营模式对比China’s Enterprises and Anti -dumping中国企业与反倾销Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Enterprise Crisis Handling危机处理中的企业社会责任Marketing Strategy for Pingtan County Economic Zone平潭综合经济区的营销策略Human Resource Management in Transnational Acquisition:A Case Study of the BenQ Transnational Acquisition Failure跨国并购中的人力资源管理——明基收购失败案例分析Globalization and Localization of Disney Marketing Strategy迪斯尼营销策略的全球化与本土化The Enlightenment of B&Q on China’s Home Furnishing Industry Supply Chain百安居事件对中国家居业供应链管理的启示The Development Situation and Existing Problems of Internet Banking in China我国网上银行的发展现状与存在的问题On the Crisis Marketing Strategy of Amway安利的危机营销策略A Study on Modern Logistics Based on E-commerce 浅谈电子商务下的现代物流On Johnson & Johnson’s E-Marketing Strategies强生公司的网络营销策略Comparison of American and Japanese Business Negotiating Style美日商务谈判风格的比较The Development of Jingdezhen Ceramics Industry under the Background of the Financial Crisis 金融危机对景德镇陶瓷业的影响Management Innovation in Transformation Period中国企业转型中的管理创新Cultural Differences in Tourism旅游中的文化差异The Brand Positioning of Wang Laoji王老吉的品牌定位Cultural Factors in English Advertising Translation从英语广告翻译中看文化SOHO in the International Trade国际贸易中的SOHO一族On Preparation before Business Interpreting论商务英语译前准备On the cultivation of Intercultural Communication Competence in Business浅谈商业中的跨文化交际能力的培养On Movie Title Translation Skills and Its Commercial Value浅谈电影片名的翻译技巧和商业价值Current Situation and Development of the Former Residences of Celebrities浅析名人故居的现状与发展Toyota’ Marketing Strategies in China Auto- Market丰田汽车在中国汽车市场的营销策略On Marketing Strategies of Spring Airlines春秋航空营销策略研究The Inspiration of Nestlé’s Brand Localization Strategy雀巢品牌本土战略的启示A SWOT Analysis of China’s Tea Industry中国茶业的SWOT分析SWOT Analysis on College Students’ Travel Market (Xiamen)大学生旅游市场分析—以厦门为例Comparative Analysis in Marketing Strategy of Wal-Mart & Carrefour沃尔玛与家乐福营销策略对比分析The Enlightenment of Taichi Philosophy on the Modern Enterprises Management太极理念对现代企业管理的启示A Study on Corporate Social Responsibility in China论中国企业的企业社会责任Application of Thirty-Six Stratagems in Marketing三十六计在市场营销中的应用Current Situation of Chinese Software Industry &Development Strategy中国软件产业的现状及发展策略Studies on the Brand Construction Process of Pinghe Honey Pomelo平和琯溪蜜柚的品牌策略研究A Comparative Study on Marketing Strategies of Red-canned Wanglaoji and Heqizheng红色罐装王老吉与和其正的营销策略对比分析The Analysis and Outlook of Xiamen Export Trade厦门出口贸易的分析与展望On the Differentiated Marketing of Nongfu Guoyuan论农夫果园的差异化营销。
国内外文化差异外商务广告英语翻译中的影响作者:张晓鑫来源:《科技资讯》2016年第26期摘要:随着我国经济逐渐融入到全球发展的浪潮中,国内外的商务交流活动日益频繁,语言作为商务交流的桥梁在其中发挥着极为重要作用。
语言是一个国家文化的积淀其中包含着丰富的人文内涵,其形成有着各个国家独特的文化背景。
商务广告作为商业活动中的重要一环在经济活动中发挥着重要作用,在对商务广告进行翻译的过程中,如对国内外文化差异不甚了解而对商务广告进行直译,将会使翻译出来的商务广告无法体现出原著所包含的内涵,从而导致产品缺乏顾客的认可进而影响产品的销售。
该文在分析国内外在价值观、历史文化背景、审美以及信仰、人文风俗等方面入手来对文化差异对商务广告翻译所造成的影响进行分析。
关键词:商务广告英语翻译文化差异中图分类号:G6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2016)09(b)-0172-02中国有着广阔的国土与丰富的人口资源,随着我国经济的快速发展,大量的外商涌入国内来寻找商机,同时国内企业也在走出国门抢占国际市场。
在这一激烈的市场竞争中,商务广告作为企业和企业产品的代言对于确保企业产品进入市场并为客户所认可起着积极的推动作用,因此,需要对商务广告翻译引起足够的重视,结合国内外文化之间的差异对商务广告进行符合当地实际情况的翻译,最大限度地提高商务广告的商业价值是商务广告翻译的追求与目标。
1 商务广告翻译中的国内外文化差异所造成的影响在商品进入市场时商务广告是产品推广的重要手段,在产品质量处于同一水平的情况下,吸引力更强的商务广告将会获得更多的用户认可与接受,从而有效地推动产品的销售。
在商务广告的翻译过程中,文化因素是商务广告翻译过程中需要重点考虑的一个因素,由于中英文化之间的巨大差异使得直译出来的商务广告存在极大的歧义从而影响产品的销售。
语言是一个民族在长期的发展过程中结合当地情况所发展起来的,是一个国家人文文化的重要集合体,包含有丰富的文化、物质、社会以及宗教等的信息,因此,在商务广告的翻译过程中,需要考虑到国内外文化之间的差异对翻译所带来的影响。
论中西方文化差异对商务广告翻译的影响摘要中国加入世界贸易组织后,商务广告在我们的日常生活中更是频繁出现。
广告的创意来源于文化,中西方文化的差异导致了广告人的文化价值观和思维逻辑的不同,因此广告的创作方式与表达方式也有差异。
广告作为一种信息传播手段,需要考虑到公众对信息的接受心理和习惯。
把握中西文化的差异并加以利用是广告成功的本质和关键。
如何通过翻译把一个商务广告准确而又贴切地传达给拥有着不同文化的受众,这个课题值得研究。
关键词:文化差异;广告;翻译On Cultural Differences in Advertisement TranslationAbstractWe are embraced by all kinds of commercial advertisements in our daily life since China has entered into the WTO. The idea of an advertisement comes from culture, so the culture difference may lead to different cultural values among different advertisements. As a widely used medium of communication in modern society, an advertisement needs to take the cultural differences into consideration. How to communicate a commercial advertisement to people of different cultural backgrounds correctly and appropriately deserves to be investigated.Key words: cultural difference; advertisement; translation.On Cultural Differences in Advertisement Translation论中西方文化差异对商务广告翻译的影响1. IntroductionThere is more and more acute marketing competition today. Under this circumstance, an advertisement of good quality will be necessary if you want to make your products competitive and attractive to the consumers among millions of other competitors. Besides, a successful advertisement is also a very important part in world-wide business.Chinese economy has already melted into the world market.A good translated advertisement will not only convey the information in accuracy and reap a good advertising effect, but also stimulate receptor’s cultural and appreciating association, which will be of much help to the cultural communication, thus it is also an impulse in cultural diffusion.We can't deny that most of the private enterprises haven’t realized how to create an English advertisement and searched for help from an inexpert translator instead of professional agency. This leads to a poor quality of the advertisement translation. Some of the translation principals know little about English; therefore the quality of the translated advertisement will not be assured. Many translators do a very poor job with various intolerable mistakes.With the development of economy, trans-national advertising will become more and more frequent. Therefore, successful advertising language must be able to impress people and create a lasting and strong memory in people’s mind. Writers and translators of advertisements should pay attention to the features of advertising language, cultural differences and translation principles.This article mainly focuses on the influence of advertisement translation due to the cultural differences between China and western countries and what we should do if we are dealing with an advertisement translation job.2. The Overview of an Advertisement.In this section, I will mainly focus on the topic about the functions, the features and the standards of an advertisement. How to classify so many kinds of advertisements will be mentioned too.2.1 The definition of an advertisementThe word “advertise” stems from the Latin “advertere”,meaning “to make known to the public”.We live in a world full of advertisements. What on earth is an advertisement?One of the famous definitions is that “An advertisement is a message or an announcement that informs or influences people. It can use words, pictures, music or film to convey its message. Advertisements are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.”①The other one is that “Advertisement is a form of communication intended to promote the sale of a product or service, to influence public opinion, to gain political support, to advance a particular cause, or to elicit some other response desired by the advertiser... Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays the media to deliver the message.”(Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume I, 1994),2.2 The functions of an advertisementThey tell people about new products and help promote sales.②:95They provide us with a good collection of goods and service, from which we can make our best choices.②:95Advertisement bridges markets, products and consumers together. It can help the consumers to identify and differentiate products and build brand preference and loyalty.②:95 Advertising has to create new demands and they should educate the people about more and more new things coming up in the market.And another important function of an advertisement is the identification function, that is, to identify a product and differentiate it from others. This creates an awareness of the product and provides a basis for consumers to choose the advertised product over other products.2.3 How do we classify so many kinds of advertisementsAdvertisement can be classified by medium (newspaper, TV, magazine, etc)Advertisement can be classified by target audience (consumer, business)Advertisement can be classified by purpose (profitable, non-profitable)2.4 The features of advertising languageThe language of advertisement should be clear and easy to understand in general. There are some distinct features of advertisement.(1) Puns are widely used in advertisement, such as homophonic puns or grammar puns;(2) Using adjectives and adverbs in Hyperbole-exaggeration;(3) Using a limited range of evaluative adjectives including new, clean, white, real, fresh, right, natural, big, great, slim, soft, wholesome, improved, etc.;(4) Influencing the readers by using short sentences. This influence is especially clear at the beginning of a text, often using bold or large type for the “h eadline” or “slogan” to capture the attention of the reader;(5) Being humor. This can be verbal or visual, but aim at showing the product positively;(6) Simple and Colloquial language;Example 1:“It ain't half good”This advertisement appeals to ordinary people, though it is in fact often complex and deliberately ambiguous.(7) Present tense is used most commonly, though nostalgia is summoned by the simple past.(8) Long noun phrases, frequent use of suffix and prefix for descriptions.(9) Use Imperative, such as “Buy Brown's Boots Now!”③:212.5 The standards of a good advertising translationA good advertisement translation is one that reproduces the effect as closely as possible.A good advertisement translation is one that elicits the desire of the consumers to buy things. There are some basic standards for a good advertising translation:It should contain the original spirit.It should be easy to be understood.It should be vivid and persuasive.3. Cultural Differences in Advertisement TranslationThe target of advertisement writer is the native reader who has same values, thinking ways and living habits, so the advertisement translator needs to face the people whose cultural background, tradition and social values are utterly different. Therefore, as an intercultural activity, advertisement translation requires the translator to put acceptance degree of target reader in the first place and to consider adequately the specific details of a culture in advertisement.Advertisement can influence people’s values, traditions and customs.We don’t need to worry about the cultur al difference in our own country while we are making an advertisement. We Chinese people underestimate the communication situation when we prepare for readers, listeners, or viewers from western countries somehow.A qualified advertisement translator should know clearly about the cultural differences, thus, he or she could be able to make a good advertisement and arouse the customers’ purchasing desire.In this section, I will focus on 6 aspects to illustrate the influence of cultural differences on advertisement translation as follows:The different values can influence advertisement translation.The different social background can influence advertisement translation.The different traditions and customs can influence advertisement translation.The different taste for beauty can influence advertisement translation.The different courteous principle can influence advertisement translation.The different ways of thinking can influence advertisement translation.3.1 The different values can influence advertisement translation.Every country has its own cultural values. What advertisers and translators should do is to make the advertisement consistent with values of the targeted people. If not, they are likely to be rejected.There are lots of different values. For example, worshipping the individualism is a typical value of western countries. We can see it very often in western advertisements.In western countries, people pursue independence. Everyone tends to be independent. Everyone is unique (why should I do the same as others?). So advertisements there never advocate people to follow the public to show admiration to the so-called authority people. What is reflected in the advertisement are “individuality”, “independence” and “privacy”.Example 1: “obey your thirst-spirit” (服从你的渴望). “impossible made possible” (使不可能成为可能).③:21Example 2: “孔府家酒,叫人想家”Chinese people put more emphasis on collectivism while western countries value individualism more. From this advertisement we can see the typical spirit of Chinese people.Example 3: Western countries value the spirit of innovation while Chinese people follow the spirit of mediocracy. And p eople in western countries don’t feel like run ning only in one groove. Take the slogan of Apple as an example: Apple thinks different(苹果电脑,不同“凡”想).③:213.2 The different social history background can influence advertisement translation.Western people treat the official position as the very common thing. Western culture pays more attention to the personal value and self interest. It may lead to the dissimilarity in advertising translation. Just look at these following examples of brand name translation in advertisement translation.Example 4: Western people treat the official position as a pretty common thing. Western culture pays more attention on the personal value and personal interests. Such as the trade mark “白熊”. There are two versions of translation: “p olar bear” and “white bear”. Which one is better? This is something related to politics. “Polar bear” ha s another meaning in the political field in western countries, so people could get confused easily. In this case, “white bear” would be a better choice.④:195Example 5: “金龙食用油,绿色的食用油”Dragon is definitely a sign of lucky and fortune in China, but in western countries it is just an evil creature, so this is so inappropriate if you translate the brand name “金龙”to “golden dragon”.Example 6: Southern Comfort— the spirit of New Orleans since 1860.Actually, this advertisement is total a success in America because it relies on native people’s un derstanding of American traditional culture. “Southern Comfort” wine just like the American Jazz all comes from New Orleans. Due to the cultural identity, we can easily figure out its pun meaning which means a lot in a good advertisement translation. “Southern Comfort” wine has become widely familiar in America from middle period of 19th century when people began to create Jazz music. It presents the spirit of New Orleans somehow-deploitation, innovation and optimism. However, due to the lack of related cultural background, it is hard for Chinese reader to perceive cultural connotation in the original text. So, the translation should be based on Chinese audience’s point of view an d mainly focus on cultural apprehension.Example 7: “Fresh Up with Seven-Up” (七喜广告语)Numbers in an advertisement is an important factor that we should pay much attention to.The word seven is a positive word in these areas: America and Europe. Seven is equal to the number eight in China which stands for a good luck.3.3 The different traditions and customs can influence advertisement translation.It is well known that if you want to learn a foreign language you should get to know the local traditions and customs first. The influence of traditions and customs is so obvious in people’s daily life. For example, every language and corresponding cultural system contains specific constrains in speech such as taboo words. We should pay attention to this aspect.Example 8: Take the word “lady” as an example, you never translate the word “lady” in an English advertisement into “小姐”cause “小姐”is a taboo word in China.④:196 Example 9:金鸡鞋油(Golden Rooster shoes polish)In this example Rooster can not be replaced by the word “cock”, because “cock”has another meaning in English slang which is also a taboo word.④:1963.4 The different taste for beauty can influence advertisement translation.The word “aesthetic” means the taste for beauty.To reach elegance in sound, appearance and meaning, Chinese advertisement language tends to use lots of couplet, parallel structure or four-character structure. You have to admit that this has something related to the unique aesthetic of Chinese people. Just look at this advertisement below.Example 10:A divorced man advertises an advertisement like this: “寻寻觅觅,韶华转眼飞逝;犹犹豫豫,知音再度难逢”. “寻寻”and “觅觅”and “犹犹”and “豫豫”do have the same meaning. They sound good in rhyme and are natural and harmonious in meaning. While In English, “synonyms repetition” is always avoided. Thus the translation would be better if we erase the unnecessary words.From the aesthetic perspective, symbolizing the beauty and shaping beautiful characters can help people shape a better psychological reaction and visual effects.Example 11: “Coca-Cola” is translated to“可口可乐”.Example 12: “Cola Cao” is translated to“高乐高”.Example 13: “Clean C lear” is translated to“可伶可俐”.Example 14: “C olgate” is translated to“高露洁”.Example 15: We often see that“增白”is translated into“white the skin” in Chinese skin care product.“增白”is a commendatory term in China. However, in western countries, people believe white is not beauty. “White” means poor ness and sickness. From this example we can see that different aesthetic means a lot to advertisement translation.④:1973.5 The different courteous principles can influence advertisement translation.Courtesy is the common conducting norm for people to act or communicate in a more appropriate way in public. Harsh tone is not so easy for people to accept.Example 16: In China, public advertisements often start with “禁止...”(“Do Not (i)English). Such as “Do not pick the flower” and “Do not Pee around”. These two stiff and harsh slogans are a commanding tone. People from western countries will feel offended so easily and it will not help anyway. They believe they are not getting enough respect from these kinds of slogans.To change “Do not pick the flower” into a mild er slogan “Take care of those dedicate flowers, please” would be great because it arouses people’s sympathy for them.3.6 Different ways of thinking can influence advertisement translation.People have different ways of thinking or reasoning due to different cultures. If we do not pay attention to this, it may cause a misunderstanding in advertisement translation.Example 17: “开袋即食,食用方便。