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自考“英语写作”串讲笔记（1）一、《英语写作》课程简介《英语写作》是英语专业本科段一门重要的实践课程，是英语专科阶段英语写作基础的继续。
我认为《英语写作》和《英语写作阶段的》是英语写作的两个层次，即遣词造句和布局谋篇两个层次。
前者更多地注重语言形式，以句子、段落为写作核心，后者注重整篇文章的结构合理，脉络清晰，强调整体感。
因此《英语写作》学习要特别注意英语篇章结构的把握。
《英语写作》重点教授的是如何用英语写好记叙文、描写文、说明文以及议论文等，而其中又以说明文和议论文为中心。
《英语写作》考核重点《英语写作》的考核目标和出题原则在《考试大纲》中有明确的阐述。
根据历年考题看，考核重点有以下三点：1. 应考生能写出内容充实，具有一定广度和深度的说明文和议论文；2. 要熟练掌握提纲及提要；3. 写作速度每小时250-300词。
《英语写作》备考方法1. 注重过程，勤写多改2. 布局谋篇，分析范文3. 广泛阅读，多想善思《英语写作》不同于其它像《英语词汇学》、《欧洲文化入门》等知识性课程，它是实践性的，技能性的课程。
对于英语写作的学习不能像学习知识性课程那样，只记忆知识脉络，就可以了，它需要考生功在平时，勤写多改，锻炼自己英语基本能力；英语写作有自己的规律性。
在有限的时间那，要从一些散乱的、突发的、只言片语的想法发展到一篇结构合理，逻辑清晰的文章谈何容易？因此，考生在平时就要注重写作过程的练习，自觉遵从写作的流程。
英语写作是要遵循一定的过程的。
并不是信手拈来，或是急就章。
一般来讲，一篇英语文章的完成，要经过构思，整理，撰写大纲，一稿，二稿，终稿。
学生要遵循英语写作流程，才会有长远的进步。
只有把握住了写作流程，才会高屋建瓴，从总体上布局谋篇，而不是―只见树木，不见树林‖。
一些考生写作不打草稿，随性而致，势必会影响作文的质量，这是不可取的。
《英语写作》重视整篇文章的撰写，注意布局谋篇，因此考生要仔细阅读教材相关章节，详细分析范文，把理论和实践相结合，将理论深化，内化为自己的写作指南。
全国 2014年 4月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603本试卷满分 100 分，考试时间150 分钟.考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效。
试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用 28 铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用 5 毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域无效。
在试题上。
I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words.Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on ChildrenDogs are the best friend of children. The dog and the child teach each other things and they look after each other. Owning a dog can have positive effects on a child’s development. Having a dog develops a child’s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches him the nature of friendship._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn to understand what the dog’s behavior means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. The result of learning to read a dog’s behavior is that the child develops mpathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend.One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. A dog will wait patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind1words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child who has learned to be as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable lessons in life.These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last in the child’s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.II. Write an outline. (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative ThinkingIt happens in schools, offices, and boardrooms everywhere: someone working on a project hits a mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together,” encouraging a creative solution to the problem. As it turns out, this isn’t just abstract advice. According to an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, literally working outside of a box or putting two halves of something together just might help those creative juices start flowing again.Since physical metaphors regarding creativity are so common and appearing in several different languages, a group of researchers hypothesized that they may extend beyond mere metaphors. Their study indicates that acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds work.In the first part of the udy, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT), in which the subjects were given three seemingly unrelated words and asked to come up with a word that relates to each one. For example, the subject might be given “measure,” “worm,” and “video,”and the correct response would be “tape.”The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a 5’ by 5’ cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room at all. None of the participants knew the hypothesis behind the study; they were merely told it was an experiment on different working environments.There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants that were seated outside the box did much better on the RAT than the other two groups. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.2A second experiment looked at another wellknown piece of advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group had to perform a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards from piles on each side of a desk. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those “putting two and two together” by uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively. In fact, it does more than let us access the knowledge we presently have; it encourages us to come up with new, unique and creative ideas. Next time you’re stuck on a problem, take a minute to ponder—or even act out—your favorite metaphor, and you might happen upon a great solution.Topic OutlineIIl. Compose an essay. (60 points)People are more and more concerned about the environment. Write a 300word expository essay stating your opinion about what we can do as individuals to improve our environment. _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________3。
上外英语自考英语写作00603一、概述上外英语自考英语写作00603是上海外国语大学本科自学考试的一门必修课程，旨在提高学生的英语写作能力，培养学生的逻辑思维和表达能力。
本文将从课程的教学目标、内容安排和考试形式三个方面对上外英语自考英语写作00603进行分析和总结。
二、教学目标上外英语自考英语写作00603的教学目标主要包括以下几个方面：1. 提高学生的英语写作能力，包括基本的写作技巧、逻辑思维能力、表达能力等。
2. 培养学生的批判性思维，使其能够对所学知识进行分析、评价和判断，形成独立的观点。
3. 培养学生的跨文化交际能力，使其能够使用英语进行有效的跨文化交流和交际。
4. 提高学生的阅读能力和信息处理能力，使其能够从大量的英语资料中获取有用的信息，并进行整理和表达。
三、内容安排上外英语自考英语写作00603的内容主要包括以下几个方面：1. 英语写作基础知识这部分内容主要包括英语写作基本概念、写作结构、写作风格、写作技巧等，通过对英语写作的基础知识进行系统讲解，帮助学生建立起扎实的写作基础。
2. 英语写作实践这部分内容主要包括写作训练、写作实践、写作指导等，通过让学生进行大量的写作实践，培养学生的写作能力，提高学生的写作水平。
3. 跨文化交际这部分内容主要包括跨文化交际的基本理论、跨文化交际技巧、跨文化交际实践等，通过对跨文化交际的相关知识进行系统讲解，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
4. 阅读与写作这部分内容主要包括阅读理解、阅读分析、阅读写作等，通过对阅读与写作的相关知识进行系统讲解，提高学生的阅读能力和写作能力。
四、考试形式上外英语自考英语写作00603的考试形式主要包括以下几个方面：1. 闭卷笔试考试形式为闭卷笔试，主要包括选择题、填空题、问答题等，考查学生对英语写作基础知识和写作技巧的掌握程度。
2. 开卷写作考试形式为开卷写作，要求学生根据所给的题目进行写作，考查学生的写作能力和表达能力。
自考00603英语写作技巧【原创实用版】目录1.自考 00603 英语写作技巧概述2.英语写作的基本技巧3.英语写作的进阶技巧4.总结与展望正文【自考 00603 英语写作技巧概述】自考 00603 英语写作技巧主要针对英语写作进行讲解，旨在帮助学生掌握英语写作的基本技巧和进阶技巧，提高写作水平。
英语写作作为英语学习的重要组成部分，不仅是检验学生英语水平的重要手段，也是学生日后发展所必备的技能。
【英语写作的基本技巧】英语写作的基本技巧主要包括以下几点：1.明确写作目的：在写作之前，要明确文章的写作目的，以便有针对性地进行写作。
2.确定文章结构：英语文章通常采用“总 - 分-总”的结构，即开头部分总述文章主题，中间部分分述主题的具体内容，结尾部分总结文章主题。
3.确定文章体裁：英语写作常见的体裁有议论文、说明文、叙述文等。
要根据写作目的选择合适的体裁。
4.使用恰当的词汇：在写作过程中，要尽量使用恰当的词汇表达思想，同时注意词汇的准确性和多样性。
5.注意语法和拼写：在写作过程中，要确保语法和拼写的正确性，避免出现错误。
【英语写作的进阶技巧】英语写作的进阶技巧主要包括以下几点：1.灵活运用修辞手法：在写作过程中，可以运用比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，使文章更具表现力。
2.使用恰当的连接词：连接词可以使文章的句子更加连贯，提高文章的可读性。
3.注意文章的逻辑性：在写作过程中，要注意文章的逻辑性，使文章的观点更加清晰、有条理。
4.适当使用长句和短句：在写作过程中，适当使用长句和短句，可以使文章的句式更加丰富，提高文章的质量。
【总结与展望】自考 00603 英语写作技巧为学生提供了英语写作的基本技巧和进阶技巧，有助于提高学生的写作水平。
自考英语写作要点自考英语写作要点汇总第一部分：图表写作套句精选1.the table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that……该柱状图展示了……3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding……该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows （that）……该图向我们展示了……5.the pie graph depicts （that）……该圆形图揭示了……6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of……这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show （that）……数据（字）表明……8.the tree diagram reveals how……该树型图向我们揭示了如何……9.the data/statistics show （that）……该数据（字）可以这样理解……10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……这些数据资料令我们得出结论……11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……如图所示……12.according to the chart/figures……根据这些表（数字）……13.as is shown in the table……如表格所示……14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ.Supply the missing topic sentence in the underlined part of each of the following paragraphs. 20%1.___________. He is also my brother! We go to school together. We play soccer together. We livetogether. We even share a bedroom. We also share parents! I think that we are going to be longtime friends. We are certainly going to be longtime brothers.2.These violent TV programs do not relax our tension. Instead, they disturb the peace of our mindand lead us to think that the world now is insecure and that we should learn to resort to violent means when we are in trouble. Worse still, such shows are still on the increase.___________ As peace loving viewers, we demand to see healthy programs to enrich ourselves. We look forward to the day when TV programs are free of violence.3.Like other skills, swimming requires courage, persistence and practice. “Practice makes perfect.”Usually it takes two weeks to a month to learn swimming. When you can swim freely, you'll enjoy the voluptuous touch of water on your body. But don't forget the tips. Before you becomea skilled swimmer, stay in the shallow water. Second, whenever and wherever you swim, besure to be in the sight of people.___________.4.___________. The first one is to lay down more roads. Its advantage is to relieve the trafficdensity and accelerate the flow of traffic. But its disadvantage is to take up too much land. The second one is to open up more bus lines. Its advantage is to decrease the number of bikes and cars. But its disadvantage is to bring inconveniences to some people who do not take a bus.Ⅱ. Write an outline. (20%)Read the following passage carefully and then write a “sentence outline”or a “topic outline”for it.Words That CamouflagePeople use words, of course, to express their thoughts and feelings. And as everyone knows, if one tries to write, choosing just the right word to express an idea can be difficult.Nevertheless, it is important to choose words carefully ,for words can suggest meanings not intended at all; words can also be used to deceive. In order to express ourselves accurately and to understand what other people express, we must be aware that words can camouflage attitudes;English is full of examples.Experts at camouflage are those in advertising. Advertisers obviously want to emphasize the virtues of their products and detract from their faults. To do this, they use carefully chosen words designed to mislead the unwary customer. Carl P. Wrighter in his book I CAN SELL YOU ANYTHING has dubbed these expressions “weasel words”, which the dictionary defines as words “used in order to evade or retreat from a direct or forthright statement or position”. Let's say, for example, that the advertiser wants you to think that using his product will require no work or trouble. He can not state that the product will be trouble free because there is usually no such guarantee; instead, he suggests it by using the expression “virtually”, as in this product is “virtually trouble free.”The careless listener will ignore the qualifier “virtually”and imagine that the product is no trouble at all. Another misleading expression is “up to”.During a sale a car dealer may advertise reductions of “up to 25 percent”. Our inclination againis to ignore “up to”and think that most of the reductions are 25 percent, but too often we find that only a few products are reduced this much. The other day I saw a sign on a shoe store advertising “up to 40 percent off”for athletic shoes. Needing some walking shoes and wanting a good bargain, I went in, only to find that there were only a few shoes marked down by 40 percent. Most of the shoes weren't even on sale.Just as “weasel words”are used to engender favorable impressions, so are euphemisms. A euphemism is defined as “the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant”. We often use euphemisms when our intentions are good. For instance, it is difficult to accept that someone we love has died, so people use all kinds of euphemisms for death, such as “She passed away”, “He's gone to meet the maker”, or “She is no longer with us”. To defend against the pain of such a reality some use the humorous euphemism, “He's kicked the bucket.”To make certain jobs sound less unappealing, people use euphemisms. A janitor is now a “custodial worker”or “maintenance person”. A trash man may be called a “sanitation engineer”. Such euphemisms are not harmful, but sometimes euphemisms can be used to camouflage potentially controversial or objectionable actions. For example, instead of saying we need to raise taxes, a politician might say we need “revenue enhancement measures”. When psychologists kill an animal they have experimented with, they prefer to use the term “sacrifice”the animal. Doctors prefer “terminating a pregnancy”to “abort the fetus”.What may be found objectionable today is sexist language. Sexist language refers to expressions that demean females in some way. For instance, when someone refers to a grown woman as a “girl”, the implication is that she is still a child. Therefore, instead of an employer saying, “I'll have my girl type that.”What should be said is “I'll have my assistant (or secretary) type that.”Other offensive expressions include “young thing”, as in “She's a cute young thing”. The proper term “girl”should be used in this case, since the “thing”is a young female. Further, the names of many jobs suggest women should not fill these positions. Thus we use “chair”or “chairperson”instead of the sexist “chairman”. Likewise, a “foreman”should be called a “supervisor”.We must always be careful to choose the words that convey what we really mean. If we do not want to give offense, then we should always be on guard against sexist(as well as racist) language. If we do not want to be misled by advertisements, we must keep our ear open for “weasel words”. Finally, when we use a euphemism, we should be aware that we are trying to make an idea more acceptable. At times, this may be preferable, but let's not forget that euphemisms camouflage reality. After all, “coloring the truth”is still lying.Ⅲ.Composition (60%)How would you react if you bought an inferior or a fake product from a shop? Write an essay of about 300 words to tell your usual attiutde towards such an event. Use specific reasons and examples to support your attitude.。
自考00603英语写作技巧
自考00603英语写作技巧包括：
1. 阅读理解：提高阅读理解能力，积累词汇量，掌握重要的表达方式和句型，理解文章的主旨和细节。
2. 标准句型和表达方式：熟练掌握常用的句型和表达方式，如比较结构、因果关系、递进关系等，可以丰富文章的语言表达。
3. 逻辑思维和组织结构：提高逻辑思维能力，合理组织文章结构，包括引言、主体和结论，并注意段落之间的过渡和连贯性。
4. 词汇和语法：积累大量的词汇量，学习常用的短语和固定搭配，同时注意语法的正确使用，如时态、主谓一致等。
5. 选材和论证能力：选择有足够内容和论据支持的主题，能够清晰地陈述自己的观点，并提供相关的证据和论证加强论点。
6. 简洁明了：尽可能用简短的语言表达清楚自己的意思，避免冗长和复杂的句子结构。
7. 多练习写作：进行大量的写作训练，可以通过写作练习题、模拟考试等方式提升自己的写作能力。
8. 修改和反思：写完一篇文章后，进行修改和反思，检查语法错误、表达不清晰的地方，并思考如何进一步改进。
9. 阅读优秀范文：阅读一些优秀的范文，接触高水平的英语写作，借鉴其中的表达方式和结构。
10. 语言交流和实践：多参与英语的语言交流活动，通过与他人交流来提高自己的表达能力。
同时，实践写作是提高写作技巧不可或缺的一部分。
2022年4月自考00603英语写作真题试卷注意事项:1.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸)指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
2.涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Getting Back in Shape- One Step at a TimeThe worst of the epidemic appears to be over, and a summer of increasing freedom lies ahead. But what if our summer clothes no longer fit? The past months of disrupted routines and near-constant stress and anxiety drove many to seek comfort in food, which means many of us have gained weight. Dietitian and author Paula Mee is worried that this will make us easy targets for companies peddling diet and weight-loss products. Thus, she suggests a more mindful approach based on establishinghealthier habits: accepting that it was normal to gain weight during lockdown, examining your lifestyle factors that lead to weight gaining, and stocking up your fridge with healthier snacks.The first step is to accept that it was natural and normal to tum to food for solace. “Lockdown brought physical and mental challenges," says Mee. "People had to give up the gym and sports, and many reported not sleeping well. The uncertainty meant people spent more time in the kitchen, nibbling and snacking. Food was something they felt they could enjoy safely, and it offered consolation and distraction for many." This could explain why so many gained weight. A systematic review examining the impact of the lockdown on the bodyweight of 59,711 people from 32 countries found that up to 72% had put on weight.The third step is to stock up your fridge with healthy snacks.A study surveyed 120,000 healthy men and women over the course of 20 years. “It determined that weight gain was most strongly associated with the intake of crisps, potatoes without skins, sugar-sweetened beverages, and processed and unprocessed redmeats," says Mce. "The foods associated with weight loss were fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, nuts, and yogurts."UItra-processed foods are high in salt, fat, sugar, and calories but low in nutrition. They trigger the brain's reward pathways and cause cravings for more. So, you'd better have less processed snacks at hand, like nuts, hard-boiled eggs, or natural yogurts with some chopped fuits.“What I tell my clients is to take steps to accept the situation, look at their lifestyle, while making small changes over time to improve the quality of the food they eat. I don't claim to have all the answers, but I do know those are habits that make for healthier lives," says Mee.II. Write an outline. (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a“Topic Outline" for it.Why Humor Is an Essential Life SkillMark Twain said that "Humor is the great thing, the saving thing after all. The minute it crops up, all our hardnesses yield, all our iritations and resentments slip away, and a sunny spirit takes their place." He's certainly not wrong. Humor may verywell be the great thing. It touches upon nearly every facet of life- -90% of men and 81% of women report that a sense of humor is the most important quality in a partner, a crucial quality for leaders, and even an effective treatment for cancer. There's no doubt that humor is a life skill that everybody needs. But how do we define humor?There are three main theories on what humor is and where it comes from. Relief theory argues that humor is a way to release nervous energy, blowing off psychological steam. That's why jokes told at funerals are often met not with the silence that a somber occasion like that would merit but with extremely loud laughter instead.Superiority theory was originally formulated to explain a specific kind of humor: Why we laugh at others’ misfortunes. In this theory, humor is a means of dcclaring one's superiority over others. If you're looking to cultivate a sense of humor to improve your leadership skills, this is not the kind you want to acquire.Incongruity theory (不协调理论) argues that humor arises when two contrating, distinct ideas are mingled, often reversing expectations. Consider Oscar Wilde's“Work is the curse of thedrinking classes"- it's funny because it reverses not only a common phrase but also a more conventional way of looking at the world.Then what are the benefits of humor? Being funny is possibly one of the best things you can do for your health. You can almost think of a sense of humor as your mind's immune system. People at risk for depression tend to fall into depressing episodes when exposed to some kind of negative stimuli, and afterwards, it becomes easier and easier for them to go back into depression. However, viewing a negative event in a humorous light acts as a kind of emotional filter, preventing the negative mood from triggering a depressing episode.Humor doesn't just guard against depression. It also improves people's overall quality of life. Researchers have found that people who score high in certain types of humor have greater self-esteem, stronger self- competence, more control over anxiety, and better performance in social interactions.You may wonder whether you are able to create humor. Humor is a trait that is both innate and learnable. There's no such thing as a completely humorless individual-humor is a fundamental part of human nature. In the past, we believed that only somecultures developed humor, but this belief has changed, as no culture has ever been found to be devoid of laughter and comedy. Humor is also something you can leam. So, if you want to improve your sense of humor, try to look on the funny side of life, and the worst thing that can happen to you is a laugh or two in your life.II. Compose an essay. (60 points)Theodore Roosevelt once said, "Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground." How do you understand this statement? How do you keep a balance between your dreams and your efforts? Write a 300-word expository essay to express your opinion.。
2021年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语写作(课程代码00603)注意事项: .1.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸)指定位置上作簀，答在试卷上无效。
2.涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
I. Supply the missiog paragraph. (20 poiots)The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragrapb in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Embraciog Scbool UniformsWhere do you stand on the issue of school uniforms? Does the dress code have a direct impact on students' overall performance? In the past few decades, many schools have made wearing school uniformns mandatory. Although critics of mandatory uniform policies remain, the evidence of positive efects is substantial. Mandatory school uniforms offer extraordinary benefits to students and school systems, including improvements in students' self-esteem, academic performance, and graduation rates.It has been observed that wearing uniforms boosts students' self-esteem. When everyone wears the same clothing, students from underprivileged families do not stand out from others. No one wears expensive jewelry or designer labels, and no one wears gang colors or other clothing that shows they are part of a special group. Uniforms can enhance students' sense ofbelonging and increase morale. Meanwhile, peer pressure and competition are reduced. Uniforms help to create unity amid diversity by easing ethnic and cultural tensions and encouraging positive values, such as tolerance and empathy. Uniforns eliminate the pressure to conform and allow students' attention to be directed to leaming and growing._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mandatory school uniforms can also lead to an increase in students' graduation rats, which would have positive efects on socicty as a whole. "Dressed for Success," a pro-uniform editorial, highlights a recent study showing that graduation rates at sixty-four high schools in five cities improved after they implemented mandatory uniform policies. The study found that graduation rates at these schools rose by 10.9 percent in the past decade, while graduation rates at similar high schools without mandatory uniform policies dropped by 4.6 percent. The editorial concludes that, since high school diploma is often seen as a galeway to success beyond the classroom, more diplomas will translate into increased job and trainingopportunities for young people.The subject of school uniforms has generated a good deal of controversy. Some sce the policies as discouraging free speech and repressing individuality, However, their objections are not persuasive enough. There is convincing evidence that mandatory school uniforms have significant benefits. If such policies are conducive to improving students' self-esteem, academic performance, and graduation rales, the policies should be embraced and promoted. After all, the potential for positive changes has proven a big plus.II. Write an outline. (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "Topic Outline" for it.When to Get MarriedOver the past thrty-five years, we have been waiting longer before settling down. A study shows that men are gettingmaried for the first time seven years later and women six years later. This means that the average man is aged 32 when he asks "Will you marry me?" and the average woman is 29 when she says "Yes." But is this trend towards thethity- something mariage making us happier and more satisfied? My answer is: The earlier the marriage commitment is, the greater the chances of a long, happy partnership are.My past conversations with people who maried in their twenties show that they often report tough times in the early stage: living with in-laws, managing financial problems or moving around the country as one partner gets promoted. Also, couples who marry relatively early can grow apart, especially when one partner has been successful at work.However, the greatest threal to the twenty-something marriage is wondering if they could meet a better person when reaching 40. This is particularly dangerous when someone who married his or her first love starts dreaming about what he or she has missed. They don't know who they are and what they need from a relationship.Yet, when faced with forty-something couples in crisis, I always feel more optimistic about the outcome for those who maried in their twenties than those who married in their thiries. Why should this be? If you mary later, you are more likely to bring old baggage into your relationship. In some cases, 1 help couples understand the infuence of a partner from two or three relationships back. For example, to those who once had a suspicious partner foreverquestioning them about their movements, an inocent inquiry such as "What time will you be back?" can sound aggressive.People marrying later may expect more from the rlatioship. This is because one of the best ways of recovering from a failed relationship and starting to look again is to tell oneself:“I deserve bttr," or“Next time I'll meet Mr. or Miss Right." There is nothing wrong with this strategy. But unfortunately, if the next relationship does not deliver, the bittermess becomes a bit greater and the desire for perfection a bit stronger.The final issue about getting married at thirty-something is the need to start a family almost immediately. Many couples have no time to get to know each other properly or put down solid roots together. If a relationship has been built on long weekend lie-ins and late breakfasts, the demands of small children can be a shock. The couple may, to a large extent, be deprived of social life. This sense of isolation is worse if the grandparents are correspondingly older, too, and not fit enough to help.Although the ulimate deciding factor in the success of a relationship is the character, delermination and generosity of each partner (and that is not determined by age), my advice is always to seize the day and commit.IIL. Compose an essay. (60 points)People often fear darkness, failures or uncertainties. Yel, as the saying goes, "The greatest fear is fear itsel." What does the saying imply? Do you agree with i? Write a 300- word expository essay to express your opinion.。
2006年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码0603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Attaining Success in CollegeSucceeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours”will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes”often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things.In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.SmellSmell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.III. Compose an essay (60 points)In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send their aging parents to nursing homes. What is your opinion on this? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.。
