英语语音基础知识

英语语音基础知识要想说好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。

以下内容供你参考。

1．关于语音的几个概念 2. 元音：3. 容易混淆的元音4. 辅音5. 容易混淆的辅音6. 读音规则7. 特殊读音8. 重音9.意群的划分10.句子的语调1．关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。

元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标:词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。

英语中有48音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。

一个元音，或一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合称为音节。

[m, n, l, N]和辅音音素结合，也可以构成一个音节。

如：/ `lisn / ---listenap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有20元音。

单元音（12）：/ i: / i / e / ?/ Λ / a: / ? / ?: / u / u: / ?:/ ? /双元音（8）：/ ei / ai/ ?i / i?/ u?/ε?/ ?u / au /6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是音节的重要组成部分，英语中有28个辅音。

按发音方法为：爆破音：/ p / b / t / d / k / g /鼻音：/ m / n / N /摩擦音：/f / v / e / θ/ s / z / ? /?/ r / h / w / j /破擦音：/? / ?// ts / dz / tr / dr /旁流音：/ l /按声带震动与否为：清音：/ p / t / k / f / θ/ h / s / ?/ ?/浊音：/ b / d / g / m / n /?/ v / e / z / ?// ?/ r / w / j / l /7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit,hot, cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2. 元音：1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth3)[e] bed, desk, head,4)[?] bad, land, bank, stamp5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant,calm, aun t6)[?] hot, want7)[?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm,author, court, bought, caught8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,9)[u ] look, put, women, could10）[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough11)[?:] girl, work, serve, nurse12)[?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar,doctor, famous, Saturday13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light,try, find, eye15)[?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16)[au] house, town17)[?i] boy, oil18)[i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19)[ε?] pear, care, there, fair20)[u?] tour, poor,3. 容易混淆的元音1)[e] [?] bed bad; men, man;pen, pan; lend land2)[i:][ei] real rail; greet, great;mean, main; read raid 3)[e][ai] bet bite; red write;said side, head, hide 4)[au][?:] house horse; loud lord;south sauce; now nor;count corn; cloud clause5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don4. 辅音1)[p] pen, pencil , point, pupil, people2)[b] bed, comb, bread, bring, broke, buy3)[t] tell, tea , team , teacher, tennis4)[d] day, played, wanted, desk, duck, do5)[k]cold, sky,quick, school, back, accept,6)[g] big, go, guess, language, glass,grass7)[m] man, many, more, monkey, money, ma y8)[n] nine, knife, autumn, nice, not, nose9)[η] bank, English, sing, thing, think10)[l] land,world, lots,leaf, lovely,listen11)[r] read, write, red, repeat, wrong,ring12)[f] five, cough, laugh13)[v] voice, of, love, lovely, save, live14)[θ] think, thing, three, thirty, th15)[e] this, mother, brother, their,there16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)[z] zoo, close, rose, nose, zero18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation ,station19)[?] pleasure, treasure20)[h] hot, who, hour , him, his, whose21)[w] wall, what, water, which, well22)[j] yes, year, yesterday, yellow, yet23)[t∫] child, teach, catch ,children24)[?] joke, bridge, orange, judge,cage25)[ts] boats coats sits goats, shirts26)[dz] goods birds beds feeds nee ds27)[tr] tree trip true trousers28)[dr] dream drive driver dress drop5. 容易混淆的辅音1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west;vine wine; very well2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought;miss myth; mass math3)[z] [e] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing;ban bang ; win wing; ran rang6. 读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节[?] banana, student, today,after,[i] orange, secret, evening,very, Monday7. 特殊读音1)音的连读：1．辅音+元音要连读。

如：Take a look at it.I love you and all.not at all, half an hour,2．末尾有字母r的词，在短语或句子中和以元音开始的词相邻时，r要读出音来，并和后面的元音连读。

如：There is a pair of shoes. after all3．在意群有停顿时，不连读。

如：Shall we meet at eight tonight / or ten o'clock tomorrow?2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, extremegood job, expression, school,3) 不完全爆破：在某些情况下，发爆破音[p,b,t,d,k,g]时，气流不必冲破阻碍，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，并稍作停顿，这样的爆破音称为不完全的爆破音。

主要有下列几种情况：1．爆破音[p,b,t,d,k,g]相邻时，前面一个发不完全爆破音。

如：have a bad cold today[h?v ?b?(d) k? ul(d) t? `dei]2．爆破音[p,b,t,d,k,g]在[? ,e,θ,? ]前面时。

如:Have you read the book about that child?[h?v ju `re(d) e?`buk ? `bau(t) e? (t) ` ? aild ?]3．[t,d]在[m, n, l, s]的前面时，发生壁画、旁流、破擦等现象。

如：Good morning! Good night!I don't know. I can't say.I would like to go.4.s后的清辅音要读为相对的浊辅音/ sp/_ /sb/ speak sports/sk/_ /sg/ school skate/str/_/sdr/ street strain4)音的同化：this year, Would you do it?Can't you see it?8. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。

letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-,em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-,pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。

a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide,re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare,in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take,en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit,es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim, trans'latec)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。