Introduction
①Sporadic MTC: a solitary and unilateral or a palpable cervical lymph node
②Hereditary MTC: multicentric and bilateral
the upper to middle parts of the thyroid lobes
Molecular pathways
① PI3K/Akt/mTOR ② MAPK ③ JNK ④ RAS/ERK
Play critical roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, apoptosis, and survival
Distant metastatic spread of MTC frequently involves the mediastinal nodes, lung, liver (>90%), and bones.
p.C611Y MEN2A
Molecular Aberrations (overexpression )
②TT with ipsilateral lateral compartment neck dissection; (Unilateral lateral LN+, MTC size > 1 cm) (TT+BiⅥ+UniLND)
③ TT with bilateral lateral compartment neck dissection.
98% Germline RET mutations, MEN 2A (~95%) and MEN 2B (~5%)