2018/92018学年第一学期初三年级开学考试I.Choice (15)A Grammar(10)11.If she _________ hard at English in the past, she _________ so well as a secretary in a large company now.A hadn’t worked… wouldn’t have workedB didn’t work… wouldn’t workC hadn’t worked… wouldn’t workD didn’t work… wouldn’t have worked12. It’s time the child _________ how to behave properly.A is learningB learnsC learnedD to learn13. __________ the expense, I ___________ a round-the-world tour.A Were it not… would takeB If it were not… takeC Weren’t it for…will takeD If it hadn’t been for… would have taken14. Could you tell me how long __________________?A you have bought the watchB you have kept this science bookC have you been away from ChinaD have you been a member of Greener China15. He refused to accept ________of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union, but_______of them are of great help.A none; allB any;allC neither;bothD each;none16. The newly built café,_________are painted light green, is really a peaceful for us, specially after hard work.A the walls of whichB the walls of itC its wallsD of which walls17. His pale face suggested that he __________able to continue with the test, so we all suggested that he ________ a rest to recover his strength.A was not,hasB should not be, haveC was not, haveD should not be,has18. Jack got a good mark although he had done _________ the others.A as much as halfB half as much asC as half as muchD as much half as19. How could Jane _________ his mother ________ the failure to pass the driving test?A blame…forB complain…forC punish…onD accuse…to20. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can_________ concerning music, and takes every chance to improve herself.A catch sight ofB get hold ofC make use ofD take charge of21. –“Are you going to the football game ?”--“No. The tickets are ________ expensive for me.”A very muchB so muchC far tooD highly22. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A charming French smallB French small charmingC small French charmingD charming small French23. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _________ was !A What dangerous scene itB What a dangerous scene itC How dangerous a sceneD How dangerous scene24. The medical group __________ of 15 doctors and experts will immediately fly to Africa for those who __________.A consisted…need of helpB composed…need helpC made…are in need of helpD consisting…in need of help25. Not only I but also Mary _______ interested in that film.A amB isC beD are26. Many a boy _______swimming in this river, but ________can swim across it.A go; few B. goes; few C. went; little D. go; a few27. It is _________ride from here to the village. We have covered 3/4 of the distance, the rest of _______ is difficult to pass.A. a five-hour: itB. fifth-hour; whichC. five hours’; itD. five hours'; which28. As a result of destroying the forests, a large of desert ________covered the land.A. number; has B quantity; has C number; have D. quantity; have29. I thought the dictionary _______where I had it but it wasn’t in its place.A. lied, lay B laid, laid C lay. Laid D. laid, lain30. _________people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men is wrong and it makes me sad ________people won't learn the truth by asking us how we feel.A. That, whyB. /, whyC./, whatD. That, thatB. Vocabulary (5’)31. The boy did exercise to _________his body.A. expandB. extendC. spreadD. stretch32. Fortunately, with the help of some local villagers, rescuers were able to gain _____to the disaster-hit area soon enough.A. trackB. accessC. meansD. passage33. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temperB. appearanceC. talentD. character35. I’m afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's ________.A. pricelessB. invaluableC. unworthyD. worthless36. The proposals deserve support as the needs of children should be given ______to.A. priorityB. preferenceC. promotionD. permit37. It is beyond________ that Ma Yun's success comes from nowhere but his creative ability and hard workA. expectationB. doubtC. possibilityD. expression38. Because water is ________present on our planet, people often overlook its importance in daily life.A. normallyB. particularlyC. universallyD. accurately39. Research on brain activity shows imagination is generated in the right side of the brain; ________the left side of the brain is thought to be "logical.A. in contrastB. in consequenceC. in a wordD. in other words40. Six people have _________that they will be attending and ten haven't replied yet.A. confirmedB. provedC. deniedD. claimedKeys: 11-15 CCDBB 16-20 ACBAB 21-25 CDBBB26-30BDBCD 31-35DBDDD 36-40ABCAAII.Cloze(15)We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whateverwe've become used to suddenly disappears. Take, for example, the neatly-dressed womanI__41___ to see -- or look at -- on my way to work each morning.For three years, no matter what the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 am. On snowy days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime brought out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. Clearly , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I remembered all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how____42___ I expected to see her each morning. You might say I____43___ her.“Did she have an accident? Something worse?” I thought to myself about her ___44___. Now that she was gone, I felt I had known her. I began to realize that part of our ____45___ life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar___46___: the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who___47____walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are important markers in our lives. They add weight to our ___48____ ofplace and belonging.Think about it. ____49___, while walking to work, we mark where we are by passing a certain building, why should we mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 50，person?41. A.happened B. wanted C. used D. tried42. A. long B. often C. soon D. much43. A. respected B. missed C. praised D. admired44. A. disappearance B. appearance C. misfortune D. fortune45. A. happy B. enjoyable C. frequent D. daily46. A. friends B. strangers C. tourists D. guests47. A. regularly B. actually C. hardly D. probably48. A. choice B. knowledge C. decision D. sense49. A. Because B. If C. Although D. However50. A. unnamed B.unforgettable C. unbelievable D. unrealKEY: 41-45CDBAD 46-50 BADBAII.Reading.（20）（A）As Artificial Intelligence （AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,”said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans.Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁.忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps （嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision,we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.51. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D. It has become an inevitable threat as technology gets more sophisticated.52. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A. They are aggressive.B.They are outgoing.C. They are ignorant.D. They are ill-educated.53. How do robots learn human values？A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.54. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.C. Set its built-in alarm system at once.D. Do sufficient testing before taking action，55. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A. Determine what is moral and ethical.B. Design some large-scale experiments.C Set rules for man-machine interaction.D.Develop a more sophisticated program.KEY: 51-55 CDCBA(B)Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such Aldi and Aldi rather than luxury alternatives This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from 1. 19 billion pounds in 2011 to 1. 12 billion pounds in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to 1. 11 billion pounds in 2016.In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in 2014 to 41 pounds in 2015.Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue and kitchen roll-to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with lower patterns or perfume, "said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. “These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.”While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy--in theory at least-when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.56. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased becauseA. Britons have cut their spending on it.B. its prices have gone up over the years.C. its quality has seen marked improvement.D. Britons have developed the habit of saving.57. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A. It will expand in timeB. It will remain gloomy.C. It will experience ups and downs.D. It will recover as population grows58. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?A. Special offers would promote its sales.B. Consumers are loyal to certain brands.C. Luxurious features add much to the price.D. Consumers have a variety to choose from.59. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A. They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B. They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C. They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D. They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.60. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environmentB. Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its salesC. Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product qualityD. Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paperKey: ABCAD(C)London has become a cycle friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme. It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London .So how does it work? First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key .The key will unlock one of the bikes, which are kept at docking stations in and around central London. You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go, for the length of time you use the bike.Transport for London, which runs the scheme, are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year .The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion(拥挤)in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day intothe city centre. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London had been"filled with thousands of gleaming machines that will transform the look and feel of our streets and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses”.However,there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday. On the first day some people found they couldn't dock their bikes properly and their usage of the bikes had not registered. Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few"teething problems"and have said they wouldn't charge for the first day as a"gesture of goodwill". Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.Despite the comments, the green-thinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things, saying, "My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a big pedal-powered push forwards.”61. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the new bike scheme in order to____________.A. reduce the air pollution of the cityB. encourage the citizens to take exerciseC. deal with the city's traffic problemsD. increase employment opportunities62. If you want to hire a bike, in which order will you do?a. pay for the bike according to the time you use itb. pay for the key to a bikec.cycle in and around central Londond. sign up as a member to get a keyA bdca B. bcad C dcba D. dbca63. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “ scheme”?A.plan B timetable C policy D campaign64. All the following are the problems of the scheme EXCEPT _____________.A. the high cost to hire a bikeB not registering their usage of the bikesC. not charging for the first day of the schemeD docking the bikes properly65. From the passage we can infer that______________________.A. London Mayor is confident of the schemeB the scheme will be canceled because of the problemsC. all the citizens in London support the schemeD the cycling revolution is not successfulKEY:61-65 CDACAPaper TwoI. Fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letter is given. (10)The Australian Aborigines came to the c_____________ at least 30,000 years ago. Down the centuries they lived a way of life that enabled them to s_______________ in all kinds of environments on the continent, including coast, forest and plain, and e_______________ in the hot desert lands where there are no permanent surface waters.Much of their everyday life was spent in gathering food such as roots, fruit and barries and hunting animals of all kinds, i____________ the large kangaroo, turtles and crocodiles. Their wanderings about their own t_____________ were determined by the seasonal s___________ of food and water.Their main w____________ and tools were the spear, spear-thrower, digging stick, boomerang, shield, stone axe and knife. The returning boomerang, a c_____________ stick which can be thrown so that its f_____________ will bring it back near the place where it was thrown, was made only in the east and west and was u_____________ to Aborigines in the center and the north. It was mainly a plaything, although it was sometimes thrown into flocks of birds.KEY:1.continent2.survive3.even4.including5.territory6.supply7.weapons8.curved9.flight10.UnfamiliarII. Word transformation. Each word can be used only once. (10")Why do people like what they like? It is one of the oldest questions of philosophy and one that many ancient thinkers have tried to answer.Scientists have also taken on the task of solving this ____1_____. In the 1960s, psychologist Robert Zajonc conducted a series of experiments where he showed people nonsense words and random shapes. Afterward, he asked his subjects which they preferred out of everything they had been shown. In study after study, people always chose the words and shapes they'd seen the most. Their preference was for familiarity.This _____2_______ was one of the most important findings in modern psychology. The preference for familiarity is so universal that some think it must be written into DNA. The______3_______ for this preference may be down to our evolution: If you recognized an animal or plant, it meant it hadn't killed you, at least not yet.This is probably why in 15 of the past 16 years, the biggest movies in the US have been a sequel(续集) of a previously successful movie or a(n) _____4______ of a previously successful book. This formula to success in Hollywood seems to match what Zajonc discovered in the 1960s.But the preference for familiarity has clear limits. People get tired of even their favorite songs and movies. On one hand, humans seek familiarity, because it makes them feel safe. On the otherhand, people love the thrill of something new. This change between familiarity and discovery_____5______ us all the time -not just our preferences for pictures and songs, but also our preferences for ideas and even people. For that reason, the power of familiarity seems to be strongest when a person isn't _____6______ it. The opposite is also true: A surprise seems to work best when it contains some familiarity.Nobody knows t his better than Raymond Loewy, who’ s _____7______ to be the "father" of industrial design. He had a theory that he said could help artists sell anything to anyone. He called it MAY A" Most Advanced Yet Acceptable"".To sell something surprising, make it familiar; and to sell something familiar, make it surprising, he said.One of Loewy's final ______8______ was to add an element of familiarity to a truly novel invention: NASA's first space station. Loewy and his team conducted ______9______ studies and found small ways to make the outer-space living quarters feel more like homes back on Earth. But his biggest contribution to the space station was his _____10_____ that NASA install a window that has a view of Earth. Today, tens of millions of people have seen this small detail in films about astronauts. It's hard to imagine a more perfect example of MAYA: a window to a new world can also show you home.Key：1. mystery 2.discovery 3. explanation 4. extension 5. affects 6.expecting 7. considered 8. assignments 9. adaption 10.insistedⅢ.Fill in the blanks with the proper from of each verb given : (10’)It was a winter morning , just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2013.While most people1 (warm) up their cars , Trevor, my husband , had to get up early to ride bike four kilometers away from home to work . On2 (arrive) , he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually3 (do).4 (spend) 10 hours of labor , he returned only to find his bike5 (go).The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour a week to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries, 6 (save) us from having to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone 7 (steal) our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help, One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they 8 (never meet) before.People say that a smile can 9 (pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindnessfrom strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity as a whole. And it has influenced us 10 (be)more conscious of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an cat of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.Keys:1.were warming;2.arriving;3.did;4.Having spent;5.gone;6.saving;7.had stolen;8.had never met;9.be passed;10.to beIV.Sentence transformation.1.Peter said ,“Are you going to the concert with me this morning，Sue？”（改成间接引语）2.The bus broke down.We waited for another bus for thirty minutes.(用虚拟语气合并句子)3.They couldn't have shown up the day before yesterday, _______ _______ ?(反义疑问句)4.Her grandfather passed away last month.He was a member of Flying Tiger during the Anti-Japanese War.(定语从句改写)5.If you’re eating healthily and staying active, there’s no need to worry about your weight.______ ______ ______ you’re eating healthily and staying active,you don't have to______ ______ _______ your weight.Key：1.Peter asked Sue whether she was going to the concert with him that morning.2.If the bus hadn't broken down,we would haven't waited for another bus for thirty minutes.3.Did they4.Her grandfather, who was a member of Flying Tiger during the Anti-Japanese War passed away last month.5.As long as ... be worried aboutV. Read the following passage and answer the questions in COMPLETE sentences. (5%)While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American society adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975 the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.Answer the question in COMPLETE sentences:1. When did the pattern of age segregation become usual in American society?2. Besides changes in the workplace, what are the other factors contributing to adolescent peer culture?3. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?4. What do adolescents spend most of their time doing?5. How do adolescents peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?Keys:1.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society.2.Besides changes in the workplace, the dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace are the other factors contributing to adolescent peer culture3.adolescents start to spend less time with adults in early adolescence.4.They spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity.5.They have less close supervision of parents. /They manage to escape adultsupervision./They are increasingly autonomous.VI. Translation1.通常认为有语言优势的学生在国外更容易找到一份报酬丰厚的工作。
