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英语阅读物《远大前程》读后感英文回答："Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens is acaptivating tale of orphaned Pip, who is thrust into aworld of wealth and ambition. As he navigates the complexities of social class and unrequited love, Pip grapples with the moral implications of his newfoundfortune and the true meaning of happiness.At first, Pip is both excited and overwhelmed by his newfound wealth. He eagerly embraces the trappings ofluxury and the social status it affords him. However, as he becomes more deeply entangled in the expectations of society, he begins to question the emptiness of his superficial existence.Pip's unrequited love for Estella further complicateshis journey. Estella, a beautiful but cold-hearted young woman, is initially attracted to Pip's wealth and potential.However, as Pip grows and matures, Estella's heart remains closed to him.Through a series of personal trials and tribulations, Pip ultimately learns the importance of self-acceptance and compassion. He realizes that true happiness comes not from external factors, but from within. He rejects the false expectations imposed on him and embraces his true self.In the end, Pip returns to his humble beginnings, a wiser and more fulfilled man. He learns the value of hard work, kindness, and the bonds of friendship. "Great Expectations" is a timeless story about the search for identity, the perils of ambition, and the enduring power of love.中文回答：《远大前程》这本书是狄更斯笔下一个孤儿皮普的精彩故事，他被推入了一个充满财富和野心的世界。
《远大前程》的英语读后感《远大前程》的英语读后感Great Expectations tells the story about a young man called Pip. By telling us the childhood and great expectations of Pip, the author Charles Dickens, who was a famous English writer in 19th century showed us how a young man led a life in capitalistic society.Pip was born in a poor family. He lost his parents as well as five little brothers in his infancy. As a result, he was brought up by his sister and her husband Mr. Joe Gargery.Mrs. Gargery was really a strong and respectable woman. Although sometimes she was strict and cruel with Pip, she loved him very much. She was forced to do so by life for she had so heavy a burden on her shoulder to make a man out of a boy. Life was hard to her but she never gave up, otherwise Pip and Joe couldn’t manage to go on with life. That was one reason why her death shocked Joe and Pip so deeply.Joe, from beginning to end, was a true gentle man. He loved Pip very much and ga ve a lot of help to him. In Pip’s infancy, they were both brought up by Mrs. Gargery by hands. In Pip’s words, they were fellow-sufferers. He always stood with Pip though thus might offend his wife. When Pip found his great expectation, Joe chose to let Pip loose. He wanted Pop to deal with the good fortune all by himself. He even refused the money Miss Havisham offered him for bringing up Pip. We understand him because we all know that he brought up Pip just for Pip not for money. Joe got married to Biddy at the end of the story . He really deserved happiness.Pip was the main character of this novel. He had a poorinfancy and always sreamt o f becoming rich. He happened to have helped a prisoner who had managed to escape from the prison and needed help badly. Pip might had never thought this would change his life and the prisoner would become。
0.IntroductionCharles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism. Dickens‟s literature career may be roughly divided into 3 periods. Great Expectations is among the last period. The last period of Dickens‟s literature career began with the publication of Bleak House in 1852-1853. His novels of this period are much darker in content than their predecessors (Liu 295). In most of his novels, we can tell his own unhappy experience, which is reflected in the low class miserable life and is carefully describe and recorded. Great Expectations is also regarded as an autographical novel.The period from the late 18th century to the early 19th century is a crucial era called Victorian Period. Chronologically, the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901 (Sun 193). Many people use such terms as reform, tansformation, improvement and progress to mark the 19th century different from other ages. In Wendell Stacy Johnson‟s words, it was, of course, a time of rapid change; they were the generations in between the older, stable world of social institutions hardly changed since the late Middle Age and what we think of as the modern world (Stacy 123).In Great Expectations, the author depicted a very real and vivid picture of this age.As a genius realistic writer in English literature, Charles Dickens published the novel named Great Expectations, which earned him reputation for his revealment of the critical realism. The novel is Dickens‟ most complicated one with the major theme that money actually obscures the expression of love. The novel reflected the prevailing social outlook and it also builds up many impressive images successfully. It shows humanity and humor of the author (Zhu 9). As one of the author‟s most prominent works, it was published in 1861, which is regarded as a quite mature novel.He always describes people‟s characters which change with the development of environment (Luo 12). It describes his changing of characters and return to his benevolent, kind, and simple nature. The novel reflects the growth of Pip. These changes in his nature are influenced by the people surrounding Pip.Charles Dickens explores the changing nature of goodness and evil in this novel.The conversion of his nature shows the development of a small person Pip‟s nature, which infers that all the things Pip wants in the flashy world is of no value. Most importantly, being a gentleman with knowledge, depth and good manners counts.This paper analyses P ip‟ character and makes comprehensive and further discussion on the factors influencing his nature.0.The process of Pip’s changing character in the course of hisgrowthIn Great Expectations, we can easily see Pip‟s changing of nature during the course of growth and finally Pip finds his way back to true self. It is obvious that the conversion of his nature proves that the true, the good and the beautiful prevail.0.1Simplicity and innocence in ChildhoodIn Great expectations, when Pip was young, he was an unsophisticated, innocent, kind, sensitive and timid kid who thirsted for knowledge. He did not have a normal family. He was an orphan without parents, who was not taken care of by his bad-tempered sister in a small town.Pip‟s sister treated him cruelly. She had various ways to punish Pip with a variety of unreasonable rules. All of these led to physical and spiritual pain. Actually, she did not give him any care, in addition to abuse. Consequently, Pip got more sensitive and timid.Joe, his brother-in-law, was a kind-hearted, diligent, sincere man. He had never mistreated Pip, but help Pip from Mrs. Joe‟s abusing. Actually, he is a friend of Pip. As he told Pip that “I wish there wasn‟t tickler for you; I wish I could take it all on myself; but this is the up-and-down-and-straight on it, Pip, and I hope you‟ll overlook shortcomings” (Dickens 43).Pip was deeply moved and he dreamed to be a blacksmith just like Joe. Joewas a tutor, who taught him a lot, and an instructor, who set an example for Pip. Therefore, he often went to the graveyard to memorialize his parents. When he met Magwitch, the prisoner, even though Pip was threatened, he provided Magwitch with food .Pip showed his kindness and compassion.Even thought born in this poor family and never having a chance to get a formal education, Pip longed for knowledge. In this novel, we can infer that Pip is a smart child with enormous curiosity. He was curious about the things around him. When he went to the graveyard, looking at the tombstone, he imagined what his parents looked like. As for Pip, his sister pays no attention to his education. He learnt things with the help of his friend, Biddy, who is a kind-hearted and girl1.2Ambition and self-abasement after his meeting EstellaPip‟s life changed totally and dramatically as long as he met Miss Havisham and Estella. He became self-abased and ambitious.He was asked to Satis House. When he walked into Miss Havisham‟s house, Pip was deeply impressed and surprised. He was totally lost in another world, in which he saw brilliant decorations. Most importantly, he met Estella, a beautiful but extremely arrogant young lady. Pip loved her at the first sight.Betrayed and cheated by husband, Miss Havisham began to hate all the men. Therefore, she adopted Estella as a tool to take revenge all the men. Unfortunately, Pip is one of them. What Estella had done to Pip hurts his feelings. She mocked at his coarse hands, boots, the way he talked and so on. After his experience in the luxurious house and his meeting Estella, Pip had a new understanding of his ordinary background and low social status. He was desperate to be a gentleman who matched with Estella and as he expressed: “The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s and she‟s more beautiful than anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be a gentleman on her account ”(Dickens 56).Apparently, Pip began to realize that he is merely a poor boy without anything.Gradually, he hates what he had now. He said,“when we went to supper, the place and the meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feel more ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast.”“I should never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now.” Obviously, Pip changed his goal. He wanted to be a gentleman of upper class rather than a blacksmith like Joe. To some extent, Miss Havisham and Estella motivated Pip. His ambitious great expectation showed up.Pip is stuck in a dilemma. On one hand, he knew that he can not match with Estella. On the other hand, he had a strong affection for the young lady, who had been mocking at and torturing him spiritually.At the same time, he became a regular guest to the house in his childhood. He has nothing to do even though he is dying for Estella.1.3 Snobbery and arrogance after sponsored by the mysterious manThen, he spent more years as an apprentice to Joe, so he can make a living as a blacksmith. But his life orbit changed .To his surprise and shock, he got informed by the lawyer of that he was to inherit a property from an unknown mysterious person and he had a chance to be educated as a gentleman. We can get a hint from Pip about his leaving for London .Even though he was a little bit gloomy about his departure, actually he was excited and looked forward to the coming life. He asked Biddy to help Joe because he began to felt ashamed of Joe, the blacksmith. Finally, Pip insisted on going to the coach alone because he did not want to be disgraced by Joe and Biddy.An idea occurred in his mind that it must be Havisham who sponsored him to go to London to get a better education and made him match to Estella. Meanwhile, Miss Havisham pretended to be his supporter when Pip came to her to thank her for financial aids. Her evil plan led Pip into her trap.It turned out that he became peacockish, ungraceful realistic and unpractical,after he went to London. He began to learn how to become a gentleman by wearing fancy clothes, meeting people from upper class, learn dancing with lady and so on. Since he was financially supported by the sponsor, he is lavish of his money. Consequently, he often made ends meet every month. His life in London made him flashy, selfish, and showy. Later, he found out that Estella was pursued by many men and she enjoyed their affection. He felt unfair but still had a crush on her. Due to His obsession with Estella and belief that Miss Havisham wanted him to marry Estella and chose him as her successor, he would rather visit Miss Havisham than Joe. To fit in the new environment, he made new friends. He came to form a class conception, unaware of it himself. One day, Joe wrote to tell Pip that he was going to pay a visit to him. However, he felt ashamed, embarrassed and angry at Joe‟s ill manners. He would rather pay Joe to keep Joe away. And then he decorated his house in a deluxe way on purpose and wanted Joe to know that he was completely different from the old Pip. Pip put Joe in dilemma when Joe could not find a proper place to hang his hat. How satirical it is .Pip changed dramatically. It is Joe who had been his hero and friend. Now he completely turned himself into a snob, who abandoned his past. He built these norms to divide people into several classes. He actually caught into a contradictory trouble which he once hated.1.4Maturity and Pip’s self-awareness after the mysterious man’s turning upWhen pip figured it out that his real benefactor was the prisoner he once helped when he is young, his world collapsed.Firstly, he was sad because the person who had given him aids was not Miss Havisham, who had been cheating him on purpose.Secondly, he was more shocked and scared than so graceful to the prisoner. Pip assisted by his friend Herbert tried to send him away. More or less, he helped Magwitch with kindness.Unfortunately, they failed and Magwitch was arrested and his property was confiscated. Pip was still graceful to Magwitch, so he managed to requite Magwitch by visiting him in prison. He got nothing just like before. Later he found that Biddy had been married with Joe after his sister‟s passing away. Even though it is a little hard to accept, he still congratulated them. It seemed destined that all the bad things occurred. Suddenly, he seemed to go to pieces. What is worse is that he got sick. Pip recovered soon owing to Joe‟s help. Joe‟s love to him finally brought him back to the old Pip. Pip‟returning to nature is a happy ending. Eventually, he left for India to work. Several years later, he returned, there had been a great change. It is fate that Pip met Estella, who had a miserable marriage and was treated badly by her husband. They talked and walked away quietly. We can infer that they got together and married later.At last, Pip figured it out that he should not change himself and he became unsophisticated, kind-hearted, honesty, benevolent and mature. Money and social status can not be compared with true love between family members, friends and soul mate.1.Main causes of Pip’s transition of charactersDuring the growth of Pip, there are several persons who have a deep and enormous influence on his transition of character. In the following passage, I will discuss their life experience and how they change Pip.1.1Love from Joe GargeryJoe was good natured, easygoing, foolish man. We can tell from the whole story that Joe plays an important role in several aspects, not only in the formation of Pip‟s character, but also in expressing how to become a true gentleman. Pip‟s life is painstaking, but fortunately, he had the faithful friendship with Joe and Biddy. Joe andBiddy encouraged Pip to go back to nature and live in the state of nature.Joe was the first victim of Pip‟s honor of being a gentleman. He remained faithful to Pip after Pip‟s encounter of the good luck.First, for Pip, Joe protected him from the abusing and mistreating of his sister （Du 6）.When Joe accepted Joe‟s sister as his wife, he told her to bring her poor little kid together. Definitely, Joe was a man of great sympathy. He was always there for aiding and comforting Pip in his own way. Pip‟s sister was bad-tempered and always treated him badly. It was Joe who took care of Pip and treated him as a friend and even a son. Joe provided a peaceful shelter for Pip and kept the family which was full of violence. Even though Joe was a blacksmith without advanced education, he protected his family in his own way. With an ill-tempered and unreasonable wife, he chose to keep silent and stood all the sufferings. Most remarkable, Joe showed his respect to each member of his family and treats them with love and patience, including Joe‟s sister. His conception of family was left with Pip, which impressed him deeply. It was certainly Joe who made Pip a kind-hearted and innocent kid.Apart from a protector and friend, Joe set a moral example for Pip. Even though he was nobody, he taught Pip with noble character and simple ways he behaved. He showed the meaning of what a gentleman should behave except appearance. For example, when a stranger intended to buy him a cup of wine, he did not want to covet little advantages and insisted on paying for the bills; when Pip left for London to get a better life, he sincerely congratulated Pip on his chance to get better education, rather than envied him. He was satisfied with his present life as a blacksmith. Meanwhile, Pip tried hard to learn how to be a gentleman in London in his own way. But that was about banquet, cocktail, servant and how to spend money, which was not the true meaning of a gentleman. After Pip came to London to have the cultivation for the gentleman, he began to look down upon the low class, even his best friend: Joe. As shown in the Great Expectations:“One Monday morning I received a letter from Biddy in which sheinformed me of Joe‟s intention to visit me at Barnard‟s in the nextmorning. I did not look forward with pleasure to this visit, and if I couldhave kept him away by paying money […] but I had the sharpestsensitiveness to his being seen by Drummel, whom I held in contemptbecause he was idle, stupid and haughty”. (Dickens 114)It is quite ironic that Pip embarrassed Joe when Joe came to visit Pip. Pip became quite ashamed of Joe‟s manner and picky. However, Joe did not blame him for his treatment and is not angry with his coldness. He tried his best to understand Pip.At the end of the story, when Pip got sick, as his best friend, Joe did not mind Pip‟s previous behavior and took good care of him. After Pip‟s recovery and silent departure, Joe did not want to bother Pip. He asked for nothing and cared more about Pip‟s life.Joe‟s kindness and love finally brought the old Pip back. Pip began to introspect into his own minds. He came to recognize his mistakes and felt ashamed and guilty.We can treat Joe with many virtues as a symbol. Obviously, he symbolizes all the goodness Pip lacks and finally gains. He is a teacher more than a friend. During Pip‟s growth, Joe plays a balancing role. When Pip gets lost in his great expectations, Joe is still there and supports him. In a word, it is Joe who makes Pip return to his nature.2.2Biddy’s help and companyBiddy was an important character in Pip‟s transition of character. She was a clever, sweet-tempered and kindhearted girl of high intelligence. Biddy was always the one he could think of when he was to make any decision. They had built solid friendship in Pip‟s childhood.More precisely, Biddy was Pip‟s first conductor, guiding him to the new world of knowledge. Biddy was a teacher more than a friend. Pip‟s rough sister could not give him chances to satisfy his curiosity for knowledge. When Pip attended a night class, he found out that it was not a school, where there were not textbooks and teachers.“During this period I attended an evening school kept by Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt. Her method of education was peculiar, for she usually wentto sleep from six to seven every evening, leaving her pupils to improvethemselves as best they could by seeing her do it .Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt, besides keeping this Education Institution, kept in the sameroom a little general shop”(Dickens 33).Pip is longing for knowledge is an important and obvious factor of his mental change. Pip begins to look forward to unexpected life in the future. From several chapters of this novel, we can know that Pip is a smart boy.As for Pip, his sister paid no attention for his education. He came to know alphabets with the help of his friend, Biddy. He was active to gain knowledge due to his being a knowledge-thirsty boy. He was glad to ask Biddy how to manage to learn everything. Regardless of its inconvenience, Pip was glad to copy it at home and taught himself.Most importantly, Biddy helped Pip when Pip had a tough time, especially after Pip met Estella. When Pip told Biddy that he had been in love with a girl who mocked at her, Biddy questioned his intention to be a gentleman and told him to leave her alone. Although Pip did not accept her advice, Biddy was still tolerant and saw him off. At the end of the story, when Pip experienced all the sufferings and Biddy had been married with Joe, which shocked Pip and made a mess of his life, Biddy was still there for him.Dickens tried to create the character of Biddy as a role of mother to Pip. She was also the one who help Pip remain innocent and kind nature. Besides, Dickens made her Joe‟s wife on purpose due to his intention to indicate the meaning of people‟ influences. Afterwards, Biddy named her baby after Pip. Biddy exercised an invisible, formative influence on Pip‟s character. It is Biddy who inspired Pip greatly in the positive way while Estella in the negative way.2.3The obsession with EstellaEstella was also a poor girl raised by Miss Havisham and used as a tool to take revenge on men. She was a lofty, arrogant girl who was brought up like that. Pip was influenced by Estella and had her arrogance, pride, prejudice and indifference. She motivated Pip to strive to realize his great expectation and be a member of upper class. As Pip describe:“I love her simply because I found her irresistible. Once for all, I knew tomy sorrow, often and often, if not always, that I loved her against reason,against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, againstall discouragement that could be. Once for all; I love her nonethelessbecause I knew it, and it had no more influence in restraining me, than ifI had devoutly believed her to be human perfection” (Dickens 229).His obsession with Estella is easily seen from above. That he wanted to marry Estella was definitely a part of his great expectations.Growing in the small countryside and influenced by persons like Joe and Biddy, Pip was growing up in a natural and simple way. Therefore, Pip was a shy, sincere and kindhearted kid before his first visit to Miss Havisham and Estella. Pip loved Estella at the first sight. However, Estella contempted her and mocked at his coarse hands,heavy boots, and moreover the way he spoke. Estella was the one who made Pip determined to elbow his way to the upper class and pursue his great expectations. Pip described in Great Expectations:“The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s, and she‟s more beautifulthan anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be agentleman on her account […]. When we went in to supper, the place andthe meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feelmore ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast […].Ishould never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now”(Dickens 79).Apparently, Estella had turned Pip in to a more ambitious man who wanted to shut his past out. As time went by, Pip gradually lost his previous virtues and got into the gentlemen‟s habits such as apathy and ingratitude. Pip regarded himself as a gentleman superior to common persons. He was completely eager to cut himself from the old Pip and even from his old companies. Pip mainly influenced by Estella ,who once was an innocent and simple boy, far away from nature, was polluted to be a sophisticated man of dramatic vanity.Estella used to satisfy with her life which Miss Havisham gave her. However, she gradually got bored and tied of this kind of dumb life. What made her determined to marry the rough guy was actually that she wanted to get rid of Miss Havisham.Estella is not only influenced Pip but also got touched and moved by Pip. At the end of the story, when Pip visited Miss Havisham‟s mansion, he encountered Estella and persuaded her to leave the past behind and get out of the house with him.Her confession also marked the maturity of Pip, and returning back to good nature, because Pip had forgiven and accepted her.2.4Miss Havisham’s misleadingMiss Havisham was a crazy, mad, vengeful and wealthy old woman, who lived in a shabby and rotting house and wore a dirty and old wedding dress, which she was never willing to take off forever. Anyway, she is a poor character.Miss Havisham‟s miserable life was totally about revenge due to a disobliging man called Compeyson, who abandoned her on their wedding day. Since then, Miss Havisham became kind of insane and abnormal. Consequently, she turned all the clocks in her house at 8:40, the moment when she was informed of her fiancé…s cheating and betrayal (Qin 74). After all the terrible experiences, she fostered Estella and brought her up as a tool to revenge on men (Guo 72). She was even cruel to his relatives .We are confused why Miss Havisham does this to Pip and Estella, because they have nothing to do with Miss Havisham‟s misery.Miss Havisham was unaware of that her vengeful action was harmful to both Pip and Estella. She made Estella an arrogant and snobbish lady without sympathy, sentiment and softness, who enjoyed men‟s pursuit. This twisted and abnormal bring-up was incorrect as a result that Estella‟s personality was totally distorted. She was extremely satisfied with the incorrect consequence that Estella…s attracting and tormenting men, which indirectly led to the transition of Pip‟s character. In a word,What Miss Havisham was desperate for is that Estella repeating her tragedy.Having realized that Pip had a crush on Estella, she came up with a filthy idea that she encouraged Pip to meet Estella. What was worse was that she gave Pip the expectations to marry Estella, but also pretended to be Pip‟s mysterious sponsor after Pip paid a visit to her before his departure to London. She indulged Pip‟s vanity to pursue the illusory dreams deliberately. She made Pip come to get confused between reality and dream and expand his ambition.Moreover, when Pip was in London .she often asked Pip to visit her regularly. She provided chances for Pip to stay with Estella alone. To say it in a different way, Miss Havisham straightly put Pip to be a vanity man for wealth and social status,which ended up with Pip‟s lost in his great expectations. Finally, she made Estella marry a rich man, which completely broke Pip‟s heart. When Pip knew that Miss Havisham was not the mysterious sponsor, he began his self-examination. At last, Miss Havisham regretted about things she had done to both Pip and Estella. When she caught fire, Pip was full of contradictions. He was not sure whether he should save her or not. Finally, Pip‟s kindness and conscience won and he managed to save her. Death made Miss Havisham released and Pip more mature.Miss Havisham‟s quest for revenge lasted until her death.Generally speaking, Miss Havisham is the one who should be responsible for Pip‟s misery. She made Pip turn into a ambitious and arrogant man. But it is also Miss Havisham who makes Pip mature and find himself. It seems destined that Miss Havisham ends up with her death in a fire by accident after Pip‟s last visit.2.5The kindness, gratitude and generosity of MagwitchMagwitch was a kindhearted and grateful criminal who escaped from prison, and who Pip once stole food to help. When he was arrested, he still remembered saving Pip from the accusation of stealing food. Few years later, he helped Pip to have a better and further education in London anonymously. Pip was grateful to his benefactor at first, but later when he figured it out whom the real mysterious man was, he was worried and afraid.Magwitch was like Pip‟s second father, who actually had done exceedingly more than his real parents. Later, he risked his life and came back to see Pip. In return, he was disappointed by Pip, who believed that his future was slim and totally destroyed by the fact that the mysterious man turned out to be a convict, rather than Miss Havisham, a woman in the upper class. Every time Magwitch managed to hold Pip‟s hand, Pip would like to release them as quickly as he can. What made Pip more disgusted was the way Mawitch behaved for example the way he ate.After having been with Magwitch for a few days, Pip came to understand thelove of Magwitch. Magwitch‟s love to him finally woke his conscience and kindness up in his deep heart. Although Pip finally failed to help Magwitch run away, he regained his kindness.2.ConclusionPip‟s conversions of character and final return back to nature give us a lot to contemplate. First, environment especially people, played an important part in the formation of character in both the active and positive ways. The objective external factors including people that surround us contribute more to the transition of character sometimes instead of the genetic inheritance. Second, people have to learn how to make a choice. Whether you need to change yourself to pursue what you want is a question. Third, the good, the true and the beautiful prevail, which are reflected from those figures with less education and money. Social status and money are finally bubbles which will burst sooner or later. Joe and Biddy knows that. But, for Pip, it takes him some time to understand this lesson.In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens tells us the importance of human nature by the conversion of Pip‟s character. Pip is a kind-hearted and innocent kid. Gradually, he became arrogant, selfish, snobbish and indifferent influenced mainly by Estella and Miss Havisham. Pip came to get lost and confused in his dream and reality with his unrealistic great expectations. Through the whole story, Pip finds his own identity during the process that he struggles to be a gentleman. With the help of Joe, Magwitch and Biddy, Pip corrects his false values. In this thesis, we can easily know that Pip‟s complex character is the result of the influence of people.The author also conveys the message that we have to make a choice in face with external troubles, and one‟s own conscience should be the standard of judgment. The outside parts such as appearance, social status and so on is superficial. The peace of inner heart remains significant.Works citedDickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1992.Liu Bingshan. A Short History of English Literature. Henan Renmin Press. 2007. Stacy, J. W. Living in Sin: The Victorian Sexual Revolution. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979.Sun Huaxiang. Highlights of British Literature. China Social Sciences Press. 2010. Zuo Jinmei. A New Survey of English Literature. China Ocean University Press, 2011. 杜珏. 浅析远大前程中乔对皮普的三重角色以及对小说主题的影响. 青年文学家, 2011, (3): 12-14..郭荣. 论远大前程中的女性人物对皮普性格发展的影响. 哈尔滨学院学院, 2009（5）: 72.罗经国. 狄更斯评论集. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 1981秦燕. 浅析远大前程中哈维夏姆和马格维奇悲剧命运背后的社会心理. 琼州学院报, 2009，（2）: 74.朱红. 狄更斯小说欣赏. 太原: 陕西人民出版社, 1985..。
关于远大前程的论文引言“远大前程”一词源自英国文学家查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》（Great Expectations），意为对未来的崇高期望和追求。
对于每个人来说，远大前程都是一个吸引人的概念，代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。
本论文将探讨远大前程的重要性，并讨论如何实现一个远大前程。
远大前程的意义远大前程是每个人都需要追求的目标，它代表了个人在职业、教育和个人成长方面的预期和期许。
拥有一个远大前程可以激励人们不断努力和奋斗，为实现自己的梦想而努力。
远大前程还代表着社会整体的发展和进步，一个国家或社会的远大前程意味着经济繁荣、科技进步和公民福祉的提升。
远大前程的实现实现一个远大前程需要一系列的努力和策略。
以下是一些实现远大前程的关键要素：1. 目标设定首先，为了实现一个远大前程，我们需要设定明确的目标。
明确的目标可以帮助我们有条不紊地迈向我们的期望。
目标应该是具体的、可衡量的和可实现的，并且应该与我们的价值观和兴趣相一致。
2. 持续学习和成长实现一个远大前程需要不断的学习和成长。
通过学习新知识、发展新技能和经验积累，我们可以不断改进自己，并为实现远大前程奠定坚实的基础。
3. 持久的努力和毅力实现一个远大前程的过程中，我们会遇到挫折和困难。
然而，持久的努力和坚持不懈的毅力是成功的关键。
面对困难时，我们应该保持积极的态度，并寻找解决问题的方法。
4. 寻找合作伙伴和支持系统寻找合作伙伴和支持系统可以帮助我们在实现远大前程的过程中获得支持和鼓励。
合作伙伴可以分享和交流经验和知识，支持系统可以为我们提供支持和指导。
5. 灵活适应和调整实现一个远大前程需要我们能够灵活适应和调整。
随着时间的推移，我们的目标和计划可能会发生变化，我们需要能够灵活地调整我们的策略和计划，以适应新的情况和挑战。
结论远大前程是每个人都渴望实现的梦想，它代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。
通过设定明确的目标、持续学习和成长、持久的努力和毅力、寻找合作伙伴和支持系统以及灵活适应和调整，我们可以逐步实现我们的远大前程。
《远大前程》的启示：梦想与现实的交织 "Great Expectations" is a profound novel that explores the complexities of human nature and the intricate dance between dreams and reality. Written by Charles Dickens, it tells a tale of Pip, a young boy who rises from humble beginnings to the heights of society, only to discover that the road to success is not always paved with gold. The novel, set in England during the 19th century, captures the essence of the social and economic divides that existed during that period, making it relevant and resonant even today.What struck me most about "Great Expectations" is the intricate portrayal of Pip's character development. Initially, Pip is a naive and impressionable boy, eager to escape his mundane life and pursue the allure of the upper class. His encounter with the escaped convict, Abel Magwitch, and the subsequent revelations about his own past shake the foundations of his world. These revelations force him to reevaluate his values and ambitions, leading him to a crisis of conscience.The novel also highlights the role of female characters, particularly Estella and Joe Gargery, in shaping Pip's destiny. Estella, the beautiful and aloof daughter of a wealthy family, represents Pip's unattainable dream, while Joe, a kind and loving blacksmith, embodies the values of hard work and humility. These characters, along with others like Miss Havisham and Herbert Pocket, provide valuable insights into the complexities of human relationships and the influence of society on individual identities.The theme of social class and its impact on people's lives is another noteworthy aspect of the novel. Dickens cleverly uses Pip's rise and fall to expose the hypocrisy and snobbery of the upper class, while also revealing the dignity and resilience of the working class. Thisexploration of class divides is not only relevant to the19th century context but also resonates with modern-day issues of social inequality and class Mobility.Moreover, "Great Expectations" is a powerful commentary on the nature of dreams and ambition. Pip's journey teaches us that dreams, while important, should not be pursued at any cost. The novel reminds us that success is not solelymeasured by external factors like wealth and status but also by our character and the values we hold dear.In conclusion, "Great Expectations" is a timeless novel that offers profound insights into human nature, social class, and the complexities of dreams and reality. It encourages us to question our values, ambition, and therole of society in shaping our lives. By examining Pip's journey from innocence to disillusionment and beyond, the novel reminds us that while dreams may guide us forward, it is our character and values that ultimately define our destiny.**《远大前程》的启示：梦想与现实的交织**《远大前程》是一部深刻探讨人性复杂性和梦想与现实交织关系的小说。
《远大前程》英语读后感English:"Upon finishing the book "Great Expectations," I was struck by the tragic yet hopeful themes woven throughout the plot. The story follows the life of a young boy named Pip as he navigates the challenges of class, wealth, and love in 19th century England. One of the most poignant aspects of the novel is the exploration of ambition and its consequences. Pip's desire to rise above his humble origins leads him down a path of deceit, betrayal, and ultimately, self-discovery. The characters in the book are richly developed, from the kind-hearted Joe Gargery to the enigmatic Miss Havisham, each playing a crucial role in shaping Pip's journey. Through Pip's trials and triumphs, Charles Dickens masterfully explores the complexity of human nature, the fluidity of identity, and the redemptive power of love. Overall, "Great Expectations" is a timeless classic that resonates with readers of all ages, reminding us that true greatness lies not in material wealth or status, but in the kindness of our hearts and the authenticity of our actions."中文翻译:"在读完《远大前程》这本书之后，我被这部小说中编织的悲剧性但充满希望的主题深深触动。
远大前程英文读后感篇一：《远大前程》英文Reflection on Great Expectation-----My Reading Report of Great ExpectationClass one Student No.10 Name: Anna Wang Great Expectation was written by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), one of the most popular writers of all the time, who created some of the best-known characters in English literature. Great Expectation is similar to David Copperfield in that it is the story of a boy growing up.Pip has lost his parents when he was fifteen years old. He was brought up by his sister and her husband--Joe Gargery, a blacksmith who takes Pip on as an apprentice, teaches him his trade and makes friends with him. One day before Christmas, when Pip went to the churchyard where his parents were buried, he met an escaping convict-- Abel Magwitch. Pip brought cakes for the hungry man, which touched Abel deeply, although he was caught by police. After the Christmas, Pip was invited to play with Estella, a beautiful girl adopted by Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham was the richest man in the village. But she was very strange. She was dressed a bridal veil all the whole life after her fiancé left her at the wedding day, taking her a large amount of property. So she lived in the revenge and hated all the men. She treated Estella as a tool to take revenge on all man. When Pip met Estella, he loved her, so did Estella. But Estella knew she was just a tool to carry out the revenge plan of Miss Havisham, so she pretended to be proud, indifferent and look down upon Pip- a relative of a poor blacksmith, which broke Pip’s heart. As a consequence, Pip was determined to become a real gentleman who is in possession of money, good manners, luxurious life and a great expectation for Estella’s sake. Under the help of a stranger who donated a lot of money to him, Pip left Joeand the village, and went to London to live a luxurious life to learn to how to become a real gentleman. Pip started to waste money, look down upon other poor people, even including Joe, his brother-in-law and best friend! Gradually, Pip lost himself in the whirlpool of money, although he has had a large number of debts. As the same time, Estella has become more and more beautiful, graceful and brilliant. She walked in the crowd of men and married one of them as the Miss Havisham’s wish, which really tore Pip into pieces. And, as the same time, the mysterious benefactor of Pip came out. He is Abel- the escaping convict whom Pip has helped. When he escaped from the prison again, he earned much money and wanted to pay back Pip in that way. But Abel soon was caught by police and died. The properties he gave to Pipalso were confiscated by police. Pip fell from the heaven to hell. He couldn’t stand it. As a result, he had a serious ill.After receiving a letter describing the bad situation of Pip, Joe came to London to look after Pip in spite of the bad attitude Pip ever towards him. After recovering, Pip realized his wrong. He decided to be a gentleman by his own endeavor. So he came back to the small village and spared no efforts to make business with his friend--Herbert. Several years later, Pip met Estella again at the old house of Miss Havisham. After knowing her husband has died and the real reason why Estella didn’t choose him before, Pip made a proposal to her. At last, the two lovers were in together and Pip found his real great expectation at the end.When I finished reading the novel, I also take consideration to the question “what a real great expectation is?” In my opinion, great expectation not means money, luxurious life provided by others, even the benefactors are your parents. It is our own dreams that we want to realize by our own efforts. Great expectation may be the further study, a respectable degree, a good job, a warm family or something else. But wemust know that our future and great expectation must be mastered by our own. We should working for them, fighting for them, even dying for them, whatever. Only when we got what we want by our own endeavor, can we say we have had a great expectation.篇二：远大前程--英文I think there are three themes revealed in the novel Great Expectations1.women are fragile. That is not because those women are in lack of will, but that they need surviving abilities and that of self-survival and struggle against destiny. They always turn to men. That can be called “hero saving the beauty”. This notion originated in the Greek tales but is still adopted successively. The only difference between them lies in the plot and structure. Estella is adopted and trained to break men?s hearts by Miss Havisham. Havisham revenges men and marries Estella to an unworthy guy though Pip deeply loves Estella. Nothing can be bitterer than see his lover married to another guy for a man. Pip really fell into the despair of losing Estella. However, Estella suffers a lot and begins to regret for her initial choice for her spouse and begins to treasure2.Facing destiny, women are physically and intellectually inferior to men. Actually it does not mean they have an inferior intelligence, but that it seems so. Or we can say that both men and women have the same potential of intelligence, but women never show a lot. God creates everyone equally, but not everyone is granted the same approaches to success or achievements. Women are restricted to families, which restrictsthem from showing a lot. They can cook food well, which is one standard for their excellence but not the one for male. The novel goes this way since it implies the male consciousness. The ordinary intelligence of women in marriage and love is exposed completely. Havisham is abandoned on her wedding day, but she keeps the room like the day she got married,while on the other hand she tries every means to revenge men. Bearing these two conflictive thoughts in mind, Havisham certainly fails to live her own life out of the control or influence from male.3.The discipline for women ]. A feminist De Bufuwa says: “One is called woman because she is ?made? not ?born?.” Culturally woman is the product of society and the result of its strict restrictions. Those women who do not obey the disciplines are not regarded as gracious or good women by social criteria, which emphasizes on families, the responsibilities for their husbands and their dependence on men. In Great Expectations, Estella and Havisham?s misfortunes are closely attached to love and marriage. They try to revenge men and but they cannot leave men. Estella leaves Pip, but at last she comes back to him. And Havisham keeps thinking about her marriage day and her husband. So in Dickens?s novel, women are decent on surface, but failed in heart.Every period has an outstanding feature, which make descendants linger in mind. To learn this novel can help us in understanding better women?s efforts to stand up. Society presses public to believe that maleplays a dominant role. Havisham can symbolize a feminist but what then? She needs a male accompany. Her ending somewhat is tragic but Estella harvests through a long time, but anyway she wins in depending man and leading a pleasant life.篇三：英文远大前程英文版读后感远大前程英文版读后感Great Expectations is a novel by Charles Dickens, a famous writer from England. It is the story of the orphan Pip’s life.The character in this novelgaveme the deep impression was Pip.He fell in love with Estella. Educating himself for the girl,Pip studied as hard as he could.Why did he love Estella so much? Not for her beautiful face,her treasure . Pip paid out so much for the love.AlthoughEstella didn t treat him well and even that she didn t respect him at all! She put the food for him as a dog,but he didn t hate her. On the contrary, he left from his home with Pip/s friends. Pip just wanted to be a gentleman.He abandoned a lot than he got. I can t understand why he do it in this way. I think it s not worth at all. If one person don t like you or not respect you,you needn t do everything for her. So it made me quite sad.I feel sorry for Pip. He had a very difficult life... Miss Havisham is alsoa character who left me a deep impression .She was a poor lady. Her mother died young. Her farther was very rich and very proudwith only one child, Miss Havisham, is his first wife.In fact, Miss Havisham should have a nice life,but her wedding was destroyed by her fiance.He broke her heart and she was angry.She wanted to retaliate all men. She was really a kind woman. But she chose a wrong way to continue her life. Miss Havisham wanted to hurt other persons.And she had done. This was not good for her. Only made her feel a little comfortable but there were also more victims in the world.The above is what I get from the novel in the textbook and to conclude my opinion in one sentence, I should say that people should not depend on others.。
great expectations 远大前程charles dickens 狄更斯my first name was Philip,but when i was a small child i could only manage to say Pip.教名so Pip was what everybody called me.i lived in a small village in Essex with my sister,who was over 20 years older than me.my parents had died when i was a baby,so i could not remember them at all. quite often i used to visit the churchyard,about a mile from the village,to look at their names on the gravestones.经常，教堂墓地，墓碑sit on a gravestone in the churchyard one cold,grey,December afternoon.十二月份的一个寒冷阴沉的下午listen to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.听着远处大海刮出的嗖嗖呼啸声don't say a word！别出声！a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me.墓地里跳出一个人，一把抓住了我if you shout i will cut your throat. 敢叫就割断你的喉咙he was a big man,dressed all in black,with an iron chain on his leg.身材高大,一身黑衣服，腿上拴着铁链his clothes were wet and torn.衣服湿淋淋的，并且破破烂烂he looked exhausted,and hungry,and very fierce.筋疲力竭，饥饿，凶残。
小说《远大前程》高中生英文读后感作文《远大前程》是小说家狄更斯的作品之一。
下面是小编为大家整理收集的小说《远大前程》高中生英文读后感作文，欢迎大家阅读!小说《远大前程》高中生英文读后感作文With so many famous masterpieces on the booklist，it is really a pretty hard job to chooseone to read first. After much hesitation and deeply thought， I finally decided to borrowGreat Expectations from the small library.Great Expectations is about love， family， and rejection as Pip and Miss Havisham have bothbeen rejected in certain ways. Pip is a boy around 13 years old，easy to fright，and goesthrough his life suffering lots of sadness. He is in love with a girl named Estella and wantsher to find his love， but for him being shy and not showing himself to her， it makes it veryhard for him.Great Expectations was the penultimate novel pleted by the most popular novelist ofVictorian England，Charles Dickens. Born in Kent，England， in 1812 to a family of modestmeans but great pretensions，Dickens’s early li fe was marked by both humiliation andambition. Dickens never forgot the period of financial crisis during his childhood，whenfollowing his father’s bankruptcy， he was taken out of school and forced to work in ashoepolish warehouse.Pip meets an escaped convict，Magwitch，and gives him food， in an encounter that is tohaunt both their lives.When Pip receives riches from a mysterious benefactor he snobbishly abandons his friendsfor London society and his“great expectations”.I set up my mind to select it for the reason that I have read abrief introduction of thismasterpiece in my high school English textbook before. In addition， a Tale of Two Citieswhich is also written by Charles Dickens， the outstanding and special English writer，left mea wonderful and deep impression，when I finished reading the marvelous story.Of course，Great Expectations didn’t let me down， either. What’s more，the whole structureof the novel is well and elaborately designed. The plot is extremely attractive and full ofunexpected twists. Quite a few characters have a distinguishable personality. Moreover，thosewords and sentences are so beautiful and meaningful that I even took them down carefully inmy notebook. By reading them no less than three times，I have learned not only some newphrases and sentences， but also a philosophy of life.Among the characters， which impressed me most are not Pip and Estella who should be regardedas the leading roles， but Joe and Magwitch. I feel awfully sorry that I was not brave enoughto read the original edition that is as thick as a brick. Otherwise， I may appreciate Joe andMagwitch more.Yes， they are not the main characters in the novel. However，what they saidand what they did deeply touched me. It’s interesting，isn’t it? They are quite theopposite guy s. One is a totally good man without the least bit of wickedness while the otheris a prisoner who is believed to have mitted every evil.I believe that everyone who reads the book is to like Joe. When he talked about his heavydrinking father who hit him a lot，he said he had a lot of love. Faced with his rude wife， hewould rather seem a bit weak or foolish than stand up to her and fight for himself. Knowingpeacockish Pip was ashamed of his uneducated manners， he left sadly and quietly. The worldrusheson over the strings of the lingering heart making the music of sadness. But when hewas informed of Pip’s illness，he immediately came to take good care of Pip.He is alwayscontributing everything and requiring nothing. Such a man is Joe， kind， tolerant andselfless. "Nothing is so mild and gentle as courage，nothing so cruel and pitiless ascowardice，" says a wise author.However，why do I appreciate Magwitch，the bad guy? You may wonder. Indeed， Magwitch did alot of evil things when he was young. But how can you be unmoved when you get to know thatthe old man kept himself going just by thinking of the boy who once did him a small favor?He lost his only daughter and Pip had no parents，so he considered himself as the boy’ssecond father， making up his mind to help his dear boy became a gentleman. He did every kindof job and led a hard life in Australia. At last he made a big fortune and promised himselfthat all the money would go to Pip.He could have led a better life in Australia ，but Ihechose to go back to London .with the simple intention of seeing Pip， he went back at the riskof being hanged! “whatever the fault he had from the start， remember， reader，he had a goodheart.” Joe used these words to describe his father. But I think these words can betterdescribe Magwitch. He lived with the fear of death all his life. Who shuts love out，in turnshall be shut outfrom love. However，thankfully，because Pip finally realized his goodheart， his ending was peaceful.Dickens has Pip as the writer and first person narrator of this account of his life'sexperiences，and the entire story is understood to have been written as a retrospective，rather than as a present tense narrative or a diary or journal. Still， thoughPip "knows" howall the events in the story will turn out，he uses only very subtle foreshadowing so that welearn of events only when the Pip in the story does. Pip does，however，use the perspectiveof the bitter lessons he's learned to ment acidly on various actions and attitudes in hisearlier life.I know how to fully understand this novel，twice is far from enough. Pip，Estella， MissHavisham，Biddy even Mr Wemmick，every single character has a story that is well worth myattention.I love this novel so much that I am determined to read the original edition oneday. Believe me. But before that day es，I will see the movie Great Expectations first.Search for knowledge， read more，sit on your front porch and admire the view without payingattention to your needs.《远大前程》英文读后感"Great Expectations" is the late works of Dickens, but also his most mature work. The title is ironic, it tells an orphan, Pip wants to be the ideal upper story of disillusionment, he eventually did not as a gentleman, of course, and there is no so-called Great Expectations.This book is an extremely exciting story closely the reader's heartstrings, and vividly describes the suffering of a continuous struggle with the fate of orphans Pip psychological history, at last he finally grasped the truth of life to become an ordinary person, and to shake hands with the first love reunion, was a complete ending."Great Expectations" The story has its unique features; there is a time to let the reader unable to stop feeling. Pip hero of this book, but also linked to other characters in a theme. The environment can change people's destiny, Pip is to be the environment change. The beginning, Pip was a kid how naive,easily the letter people, sympathetic.However, Pip had suffered the fate that met the Queen as a girl, this girl will be thorough affect his life. He began to look down on themselves, they began their own home environment and background feel inferior, "and I thought this house in mind, there is no hint of sunshine! The same time, their actions are more offensive and more looked down on his family." It was a very good scene of writing, in such a horrible room, look down upon himself. Is the magic do? Not! This is to be the one truth: Man is the product of the environment. Is the environment has changed Pip.Further, Pip, "good luck", the already possessed, and the non-go when the upper one. Pip asked Herbert to teach him manners and rules, shows that he was anxious to be a Londoner. However, no matter what Pip’s hearts of the good, you can still feel the. He secretly spending money to support the cause of Herbert, which shows that he is a good person, generous benevolence of friends, and never mean. Know that his benefactor turned out to be a fugitive; he began to evolve from the environment. "And the benefactor goodbye became heavy with the anxiety of."This shows that Pip began to care about the safety of the benefactor, and affection of the benefactor produced. "Even if we lack of money can no longer use the benefactor’s money." Indicates Pip heart good things started to recover in the end, he lived a mundane and real life. Finally, Pip and Yisidaila Stop hand, one out of the ruins, the vast heaven and earth being immersed in the quiet of the moon…… From the ruins to the night's fog and then the very beautiful moon, a symbol of Pip and Yisidaila love Trilogy began is not possible, and then is hazy, and finally themoonlight shines. This is a happy ending, finally no regrets.The language features, writing in the modus operandi, but there are many places that we can learn. "Rats have been eating it with his teeth, but there is more than sharp teeth of rats chewing on me." In order to describe the Miss Habersham suffering, wonderful! "A people the illusion of terror spread in my heart, as if I Yisidaila are beginning to rot … …" This is a classic literary description, to the effect of poetry."I'm suddenly feeling out of control, lying on the floor, straining to pull his hair on both sides." This sentence in particular to convey the character's psychological inner conflicts, he knew loved the wrong person, but still going to love. "London gave me the impression that a little bit chaotic, narrow roads, forming, but also very dirty." This is only a few strokes; he outlines the characteristics of London. Pip was in this environment, to become a "super person" two efforts.The author describes the Miss Habersham He's story, both compact and they are comprehensive, using a flashback approach. At this point, we have the old lady's situation is clear to her before the abnormal behavior to understand. "His words like lightning, so I look to see ourselves, and then disappointment, danger, shame and other consequences of the impact of coming to me, so I was almost breathing difficulties."Lightning in this analogy is very accurate, Magdalena is based on a series of swift and strong questioning reveals that he is the benefactor of Pip’s. Why Pip disappointments, danger, shame it? That is because the benefactor in his heart has always been a fan, he always felt the old lady, the result is a fugitive, he certainly disappointed. Contact with the fugitive is certainly dangerous, this point Pip clear. The fugitive's money than with anupper people's lives is also true that allows Pip ashamed of In the years went on, people began to change, in the author's pen, wrote a very natural throughout. Finally we all lived in common and not real life; this is what a perfect ending.远大前程英语读后感"Great Expectations" has been considered to be one of Charles Dickens’ most mature and relatively late works. Having experienced a wealth of human life, Dickens got a profound understanding of human-being, the surrounding environment and his life experiences while all his mature thinking and understanding were summarized into the book "Great Expectations".The original meaning of the work’s title in fact is a herita ge, but when it was translated into Chinese it gave me an impression that the title shows the hero of the story had Great Expectations. However, reading over the book I realized that this "Great Expectations" takes an ironic band――it should be said that th e theme of this work not only told the story of orphan Pip who wanted to be the ideal first-class disillusionment. If one does think so, he holds a wrong understanding of the great significance why Dickens creative the work.The hero Pip lived with his sis ter’s family. Though their life was hard, Pip didn’t wish to be a first-class person his vision was to be a blacksmith like his brother-in-law, his sister’s husband. The reason why he changed his mind and was eager to be a first-class person later was the changing of environment――he met Miss Harvisham, Estella and some other complex people. As we know one of Dickens's philosophy thoughts is environment takes a deep impact to humans’ ideological and the story expresses his view that different environment creates different people.In short, I think the work was not arbitrarily written, but was based on the 10 works before aggregating Dickens’ thoughts. What is more, Dickens had put his outlook on life, his views of philosophy and ethics into the great creation.远大前程读后感范文我想，将来肯定会多次用到“再度”，或者在我写过的文字的标题里，也会再度看到这个标题。
《远大前程》英语读后感Reflections on "Great Expectations"Charles Dickens's "Great Expectations" stands as a timeless testament to the complexities of human nature and the challenges of social class. Set against the backdrop of 19th-century England, this novel weaves a captivating tale of Pip, a young orphan who rises from the ashes of poverty to the heights of wealth and privilege, only to discover the hollowness of his "great expectations."What initially catches the reader's attention is the vivid portrayal of Dickens's London, a city that is both vibrant and oppressive, a place where dreams are forged and shattered in equal measure. Pip's childhood in the marshland, with his sister and the kindly Joe Gargery, is a poignant reminder of the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity. His early encounters with Estella, the beautiful and privileged daughter of Miss Havisham, plant the seed of his "great expectations" – a desire toescape his humble beginnings and ascend to a better life.As Pip's fortunes change, so does his perspective. His introduction to the upper classes through the mysterious Mr. Jaggers and the extravagant lifestyle of his newfound benefactor, Mr. Pocket, opens up a world of possibilities. The allure of this new life is irresistible, and Pip's transformation from a naive boy to a sophisticated young man is both fascinating and heartbreaking. He begins to internalize the values of his new social circle, adopting their snobbery and prejudice. His relationship with Joe and his sister deteriorates as he distances himself from his roots, a tragic irony that Dickens explores with profound empathy.The novel's central theme of social class and itsimpact on individual identity is explored through multiple narratives. Pip's rise and fall, his relationships with those above and below him on the social ladder, and his eventual realization that wealth and status cannot fulfill his emotional voids are all poignant commentaries on the social hierarchy of Victorian England. Dickens's subtlecritique of this system is both pointed and compassionate, revealing the cruelty of class divides while also acknowledging the resilience of the human spirit.The character of Estella, too, is a complex and fascinating study. Her own tortured past and her subsequent rejection of love in favor of a cold and calculating exterior mask a deep-seated longing for affection and acceptance. Her relationship with Pip, fraught with misunderstandings and hurt, is a tragic reminder of the cost of suppressing one's emotions and the importance of true love and companionship.Dickens's writing style is a masterpiece of understated emotion and subtle humor. His use of language is both evocative and powerful, painting vivid pictures in the reader's mind. The novel's narrative structure, with its intertwining threads and unexpected revelations, keeps the reader engaged and guessing until the final pages."Great Expectations" is not just a story about social class and aspiration; it is a profound exploration of thehuman heart and its capacity for both good and evil. Dickens's portrayal of Pip's journey from innocence to jadedness and his eventual redemption is both heartbreaking and hopeful, leaving the reader with a profound understanding of the true value of life's "great expectations." This novel, published over a century ago, remains as relevant and engaging today as it was then, a testament to the enduring power of Dickens's storytelling genius.。
1. What significance does the novel’s title, Great Expectations, have for the story? In what ways does Pip have “great expectations”?2. For much of Great Expectations, Pip seems to believe in a stark division between good and evil, and he tends to classify people and situations as belonging to one extreme or the other: for instance, despite their respective complexities, he believes that Estella is good and the convict is evil. Yet, both socially and morally, Pip himself is often caught between extremes; his own situation rarely matches up to his moral vision. What is the role of moral extremes in this novel? What does it mean to be ambiguous or caught between extremes?For much of Great Expectations, Pip seems to believe in a stark division between good and evil, and he tends to classify people and situations as belonging to one extreme or the other: for instance, despite their respective complexities, he believes that Estella is good and the convict is evil. Yet, both socially and morally, Pip himself is often caught between extremes; his own situation rarely matches up to his moral vision. What is the role of moral extremes in this novel? What does it mean to be ambiguous or caught between extremes?his great expectation to raise his status and improve himself.Pip expects himself to become a gentleman. In doing so, he hopes to be wealthy, scholarly, mannerly, and deserving of Estella's love and admiration.In another sense, others place great expectations upon Pip. Magwitch sponsors Pip's education in London because he expects Pip to learn to be a better gentleman than Compeyson who was born a gentleman. Likewise, Joe has great expectations for Pip because he tries to raise him to be hard working and kind. Biddy, at first, expects Pip to be able to do great things with his intelligence, until she sees him begin influenced by Miss Havisham and Estella.Other characters in the book have expectations for Pip, but not necessarily "great" or "good" ones for the innocent protagonist.1. Pip: In Ch18, Jaggers announces,`I am instructed to communicate to him,' said Mr Jaggers, throwing his finger at me sideways, `that he will come into a handsome property. Further, that it is the desire of the present possessor of that property, that he be immediately removed from his present sphere of life and from this place, and be brought up as a gentleman -- in a word, as a young fellow of great expectations.'Pip mistakenly believes that it is Miss Havisham who has decided to transform him into a gentleman so that he will be able to marry Estella (Ch. 38). This is the source of all of Pip's problems and when he realises who his real benefactor is in Ch.39 he is too stunned to react:I could not have spoken one word, though it had been to save my life. I stood, witha hand on the chair-back and a hand on my breast, where I seemed to be suffocating -- I stood so, looking wildly at him, until I grasped at the chair, when the room began to surge and turn.The title of Dickens' novel "Great Expectations" is so obviously ironic. Pip's so called 'expectations' are exposed as being so empty and futile when he realizes that its a convict who has been providing for him so that he could pass off superficially as a'gentleman' and that he has actually been infatuated all these years with a murderess' [Molly] daughter!This was Dickens' original purpose in writing the novel. In a letter to his official biographer John Forster in October 1860 Dickens remarks about the "tragi-comic conception" of the novel. We are able to readily sympathize with Pip's 'expectations' not being fulfilled because all of us have high hopes and 'great expectations' which are often never fulfilled.To underscore this general feeling and theme of 'unfulfillment of great expectations' other characters in the novel also have 'great expectations' which are not fulfilled: 1. Miss Havisham has 'great expectations' of marrying Compeyson which are not fulfilled. In her bitterness in Ch. 11 she tells Pip who visits her on her birthday that she 'expects' to die on her birthday and hopes that by doing so an eternal curse will be laid upon Compeyson:`When the ruin is complete,' said she, with a ghastly look, `and when they lay me dead, in my bride's dress on the bride's table -- which shall be done, and which will be the finished curse upon him -- so much the better if it is done on this day!'But these "expectations" of hers are also not fulfilled (Chs. 49, 54).2. All the relations of Miss Havisham have "great expectations" of receiving a lot of money after her death which as 'expected' are not fulfilled (Ch.57).3. Similarly in Ch.9 soon after Pip has returned from his first visit to Miss Havisham's house, his sister and Pumblechook have their own 'expectations,' which are never fulfilled:while they sat debating what results would come to me from Miss Havisham's acquaintance and favour. They had no doubt that Miss Havisham would `do something' for me; their doubts related to the form that something would take. My sister stood out for `property.' Mr Pumblechook was in favour of a handsome premium for binding me apprentice to some genteel trade -- say, the corn and seed trade, for instance. Joe fell into the deepest disgrace with both, for offering the bright suggestion that I might only be presented with one of the dogs who had fought for the veal-cutlets. `If a fool's head can't express better opinions than that,' said my sister, `and you have got any work to do, you had better go and do it.' So he went.3) Many of the characters other than Pip have their own expectations as well. Discuss both Herbert Pocket and Pip's expectatons. Compare and contrast.Your browser does not support the IFRAME tag.Comments from readers:Herbert's expectations are different to Pips in that he does not raise his expectations, like Pip does. He wants simple things, like for Clara to marry him; a good life; no complications or distractions.How about the irony of the title?Who expects what in Great Expectation s? Are the expectations really "great"?Pip is the main character that has expectations in this novel. After he meets Miss Havisham and Estella, he becomes discontented with his station in life. Estella describes his hands as "rough," and her learning and beauty intimidates him. He realizes, for the first time, that there could be other things out there in the world, and he aspires to them. He is embarassed by his lowly station. He develops expectations in regards to his life; he wants to rise above his circumstances and become a gentleman. The expectations refer to both money, and his station in life. They are tied together, hand-in-hand. His expectations are also tied to Estella herself--he feels that if he can rise to her expectations of what a gentleman should be, then he can have her love. He expects to be with her, to marry her, and to love her. He expects to earn her love in return through raising his own station in life. Pipfeels that if he can't have these things, he can't be happy; happiness is his end goal, and he feels that he knows how to attain it.Upon the receipt of money, Pip does indeed step into circumstances that allow him to become educated, refined, and a "gentleman." However, he learns that those things that he had been expecting were not that great after all. Having money alienates him from his true friends and family, brings out people who want to take advantage of him, and doesn't, in the end, get him Estella. Pip thought that money could help him to attain his expectations of happiness, but they didn't. If happiness is indeed the end goal, Dickens asserts that money is not the way to get it.I hope that those thoughts helped; good luck!At the beginning of the book, Pip does not have many expectations. He expects to be a blacksmith like Joe since that is what is available to him. However, his encounter in the graveyard with the convict changes things. He promises to bring food, a file, etc. and not to tell what he's seen. He keeps his promise, and then suddenly he is told he has a sort of trust fund. This will allow him to go to the city, become educated, work in a business that doesn't leave him covered in ashes and soot, and dress like a gentleman. He is able to live with dignity--even though Joe's tenderness and ability to connect with people prove to be more dignified than what Pip becomes as a man of means.A "young fellow of great expectations" simply means he has the money to do something more than what was originally planned for him. He has risen a rung or two on the social ladder.The reason Charles Dickens titled it so was because Pip had had a hard life in so short a lifetime, and when he supposedly came into good fortune, he had high hopes of a better life--an education, a good home, plenty to eat, nice clothes to wear. But the greatest hope of all was the love of Estella, who spurned him constantly. It was always his greatest dream that she could love him and in the end, after much suffering, she final I would say that Pip gets some of his great expectation, but not all of it.The main part of Pip's great expectation is that he will become a gentleman and a man with money. This part of his expectation comes true as he becomes much more (economically and socially) than he was at the start of the book.However, Pip does not get this in the way he expects. He gets it because of the help of a convict, not Miss Havisham.In addition, Pip does not get Estella the way he thinks he will at the beginning of the book. He starts out thinking they will marry, but that does not happen.ly did.When they first meet, Estella treats Pip horribly. She makes fun of his appearance, his stature (social status) and how he speaks. She mentions his clothing and his thick-soled shoes. She repeats the phrase "common boy" when referring to him or even speaking directly to him. Then she teases him for calling the Jacks (in a deck of cards) Knaves.In fact, she seems eager to make him cry. Miss Havisham raised her to be cruel and reject any form of love. She herself was never taught to love or how to feel loved. So her first encounter and many more after that with Pip are all very hard on him. He so badly wants to win her over, only to finally realize that she will never have him.The moral theme of “Great Expectations” is very basic. It is an old moral theme that has been around as long as man has walked on this earth. Pip, and the reader, learns that affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Charles Dickens creates this theme and the novel isbased on Pip learning this very lesson. Pip spends the novel exploring ideas of ambition and self-improvement. Pip is an idealist and if he can think it up, and if it is better than what he has, he wants it. When he first sees Satis House, he decides he wants to be a wealthy gentleman; when he thinks of his immorality, he tries to be better; when he realizes that he cannot read, he longs to learn how. Pip's desire for self-improvement creates “great expectations” about his future.There are many moral lessons in this novel. The main one is that wealth cannot bring happiness. and that appearances can misrepresent reality. When Pip visit the Satis House, everything contradicts what Pip's definition of rich. It is a worn-old house and sunshine never comes in the house. Estella has been raised to led an unhappy life, cruel and incapable of love. In later chapters, Pip will meet a convict, Magwitch. During that time, convicts are regard as being bad. However, Magwith turns out to be a compassionate man who works hard to give "expectations" to Pip in return for his kindness Pip shown when Pip give food to him many years ago.In Pip, the reader sees several of the themes of the novel: obsession, desire, greed, guilt, ambition, wealth, and good and evil. Pip leaves his state of childish innocence and "grace" and descends into sin on his quest to gain his desires. He wants it all and he wants no costs. Yet Dickens does not make him totally bad, instead leaving the truly good qualities asleep underneath. They surface as his guilt over his snobbery to Joe and Biddy, over dragging Herbert into debt, and about trading Joe for a convict's money. Even during his worst moments, Pip manages to show some good, as, for example, when he sets Herbert up in business. His road back to grace starts when Magwitch reveals himself as the source of Pip's rise in social stature. The irony that the source of his gentility is from a creature more socially detestable than the uneducated Joe is not lost on Pip. It is the slap in the face that brings Pip out of the fantasy world he has been living in. His dream has suddenly been seen in the light of day, and now he knows what it has cost him.Pip, brought up by his sister “by hand”, is a poor but kind o rphan with a sensitive and timid heart of tenderness. One arranged trip to Satis House makes great changes in Pip, which forges the first memorable link on the long chain of his life. Since then, his dignity is tramped and his heart is attracted by Estella, the adopted daughter of Miss Havisham (the owner of Satis house), who is marvelously charming, completely attractive and terribly arrogant. In Pip’s eye, she is well educated and noble, while Pip himself is poor and coarse. Therefore, in Pip’s mind, a g reat expectation to be higher and richer is necessarily needed to stuff the great gap existed there as the stumbling block of his romantic desire and the shameful source of humbleness. By accident, supported by a man unexpected and unknown, he is able to l ive in London as a gentleman. However, all these promising points don’t promise him a fulfillment of his expectation. Finally, waking up from dreams and reality of mistakes, he only finds his burning affections receive nothing but pains, his life in London gives him no more than a habit of squandering money and a lot of debt, and a piece of guilty to Joe for his moral depravation./k expectation as gloomy and frustrating. There are both inner factors and reasons from the outside. This passage will try to discovery them.Pip’s first trip to Satis House is memorable to him. It leaves many heavy and dark marks in his young soul of nothingness, as well as numerous influences on his life that lasts long and affects him deeply. This trip opens his mind to the knowledge of another living different from his. The former is richness and nobleness; while the latter of his own is poverty and humbleness. He gets a glimpse of the richness beyond poverty, and suffers disdain from the noble. And his actual experience that he, as a symbol of poverty, is terribly trampled by Estella, the emblem of richness, leads him into an unhealthy morality that poverty is a state to be despised andhumbleness is a natural product before richness. Therefore, he falls into Estella’s way of thinking and implants it into his mind. This imparts a fresh belittling opinion (actually one kind of pure prejudice) on what he is and what he has. Just like Estella’s despising words, he also despises himself as a common boy with “coarse hands and thick b oots”, and regards his life as a low—lived, bad way. He “began at heart to hate his trade and to be ashamed of his home”, (P101) and even extends this kind of hate to Mr. Joe (his best companion and supporter) by wondering whyhe is not a gentleman.Basically, it is not his poverty that makes him humble, but his newly developed morality attaches prejudice to poverty. He looks down upon himself because hismind has been richness-orientated while his body is still in poverty. From then on, He has been in the way that Estella thinks, and tries best to be in the way that Estella lives. From then on, he feels humble, and tries best to displace this feeling of humbleness with another feeling of superiority from richness.With this imitated way of thinking implanted in mind, Pip, of course, wants to change all of these, to stave off any trace of poverty and to establish himself as a gentleman. Here his hate and belittling himself just due to poverty, as well as his expectation to be out of poverty and into richness avails us of a clear and close look into his inner mind: to be poor is to be humble, while to command money is to command superiority.Moreover, his rejection of what he is and what he has is also a negation of himself, is also a producer of inferiority and a killer of confidence. Therefore, the more he cares about his poverty and coarseness, the more inferior and less confident he is. That’s why when he stands before Estella, firstly he feels shy and humble, and later is humble enough to fell submissive to her and trembles nervously. The once poverty in body labels poverty in mind for all. And the lack of confidence and the obsession of inferiority lead to the deadly shortage of the key mental support for his expectation. It’s hard to imagine or believe that a heart of weakness can make its expectation fulfilled. In this sense, Pip’s expectation to be higher and richer is also a mental process to make himself more inferior and less confident. On one hand, he shapes a dream to be higher, while on the other, he gradually slips into mental impotence. On one hand, his dream becomes bigger, on the other, his heart gets weaker. Therefore, under these values, his expectation is an external self—improvement, while his feeling inferior is nothing but internal self—destruction. He unconsciously and inevitably sows the seeds of self-destruction at the very beginning of his self-improvement.In a word, darkness brings people a pair of dark eyes to search for light, while poverty renders Pip a pair of poor eyes to be little himself. Life, besides status, entails so many other aspects. But Pip, just for his poverty, negates what he is and despises what he has completely. He regards poverty as enemy, and at the same time he glorifies the richness, putting them separately o n the two extremes of life’ value, with one in the hell, the other in the heaven. And his soul is just wandering between the hell and the heaven. Virtually, these values to abhor poverty seriouslyon one hand and to consecrate richness on the other is a kind of unbalance, is a distortion of reality. And accordingly leads Pip’s mind into a status of unbalance and distortion.who treats him coldly and contemptuouslytremendous grief and remorse. Several years go by, until one night a familiar figure barges i nto Pip’s room—the convict, Magwitch, who stuns Pip by announcing that he, not Miss Havisham, is the source of Pip’s fortune. He tells Pip that he was so movedby Pip’s boyhood kindness that he dedicated his life to making Pip a gentleman, and he made a fortune in Australia for that very purpose.Pip is appalled, but he feels morally bound to help Magwitch escape London, as the convict is pursued both by the police and by Compeyson, his former partner in crime. Pip’s idealism often leads him to perceive the world rather narrowly, and his tendency to oversimplify situations based on superficial values leads him to behave badly toward the people who care about him. When Pip becomes a gentleman, for example, he immediately begins to act as he thinks a gentleman is supposed to act, which leads him to treat Joe and Biddy snobbishly and coldly.On the other hand, Pip is at heart a very generous and sympathetic young man, a fact that can be witnessed in his numerous acts of kindness throughout the book (helping Magw itch, secretly buying Herbert’s way into business, etc.) and his essential love for all those who love him. Pip’s main line of development in the novel may be seen as the process of learning to place his innate sense of kindness and conscience above his immature idealism.Ambition and self-improvement take three forms in Great Expectations—moral, social, and educational; these motivate Pip’s best and his worst behavior throughout the novel. First, Pip desires moral self-improvement. He is extremely hard on himself when he acts immorally and feels powerful guilt that spurs him to act better in the future. When he leaves for London, for instance, he torments himself about having behaved so wretchedly toward Joe and Biddy. Second, Pip desires social self-improvementSignificantly, Pip’s life as a gentleman is no more satisfying—and certainly no more moral—than his previous life as a blacksmith’s apprentice.Throughout the novel, social class provides an arbitrary, external standard of value by which the characters (particularly Pip) judge one another. Because social class is rigid and preexisting, it is an attractive standard for every character who lacks a clear conscience with which to make judgments—Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, for instance. And because high social class is associated with romantic qualities such as luxury and education, it is an immediately attractive standard of value for Pip. After he is elevated to the status of gentleman, though, Pip begins to see social class for what it is: an unjust, capricious standard that is largely incompatible with his own morals. There is simply no reason why Bentley Drummle should be valued above Joe, and Pip senses that fact. The most important lesson Pip learns in the novel—and perhaps the most important theme in Great Expectations—is that no external standard of value can replace the judgments of one’s own conscience. Characters such as Joe and Biddy know this instinctively; for Pip, it is a long, hard lesson, the learning of which makes up much of the book.。
远大前程英语作文A Bright Future AheadAs we stand at the precipice of a new era, the possibilities that lie before us are truly awe-inspiring. The future, once a distant and uncertain horizon, now beckons with a sense of unbridled potential, inviting us to embrace the challenges and opportunities that await. In this age of rapid technological advancement, scientific breakthroughs, and global interconnectivity, the path to a brighter tomorrow has never been more within our grasp.At the heart of this vision for a prosperous future lies the unwavering belief that the human spirit, when harnessed and directed with purpose, can overcome even the most daunting obstacles. Throughout history, we have witnessed the transformative power of human ingenuity, as individuals and societies have risen to meet the demands of their time, pushing the boundaries of what was once thought possible.Today, we find ourselves at the cusp of a new frontier, where the veryfoundations of our existence are being reshaped by the relentless march of progress. The rapid advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and biotechnology have the potential to revolutionize the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us.Imagine a future where clean, renewable energy sources power our homes, businesses, and transportation systems, reducing our reliance on finite fossil fuels and mitigating the devastating impact of climate change. Envision a world where advances in medical technology and personalized healthcare allow us to live longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives, where debilitating diseases are eradicated, and the quality of life for all is elevated.Moreover, the rise of artificial intelligence and automation presents both challenges and opportunities. While concerns about job displacement are valid, the integration of these technologies can also free us from the tedious and repetitive tasks, allowing us to focus on more creative, intellectually stimulating, and meaningful pursuits. As we navigate this transition, it will be crucial to ensure that the benefits of technological progress are equitably distributed, empowering individuals and communities to thrive in the new economic landscape.Beyond the realms of science and technology, the future also holdsthe promise of greater global cooperation and understanding. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the need for effective cross-cultural communication, collaborative problem-solving, and the promotion of universal human rights becomes ever more pressing. Imagine a world where nations, cultures, and individuals come together to tackle the most pressing challenges of our time, from poverty and inequality to conflict resolution and environmental protection.Through the power of education, we can cultivate the next generation of leaders, innovators, and global citizens, who will be equipped with the knowledge, critical thinking skills, and empathy necessary to navigate the complexities of the 21st century. By investing in quality education, accessible to all, we can unlock the boundless potential of the human mind, fostering a future where intellectual curiosity, creativity, and a deep respect for diversity are the hallmarks of a thriving society.As we look to the horizon, it is clear that the path ahead is not without its challenges. Technological disruption, social and economic inequalities, and the looming threat of climate change all demand our attention and concerted action. However, it is precisely in the face of these daunting obstacles that the human spirit shines the brightest.Throughout history, we have demonstrated an unparalleled capacity for resilience, adaptability, and innovation. Time and again, we have risen to the occasion, harnessing our collective knowledge, resources, and determination to overcome even the most seemingly insurmountable obstacles. It is this unwavering spirit, this relentless pursuit of progress, that will guide us towards a brighter future.As we stand at the precipice of this new era, let us embrace the challenges that lie ahead with a sense of optimism, courage, and a steadfast belief in our ability to shape the world we wish to see. For the future is not something that happens to us; it is something we create, one step, one breakthrough, one visionary idea at a time.Let us, then, forge ahead with unwavering determination, our eyes fixed firmly on the horizon, and our hearts filled with the boundless potential that the future holds. For in the words of the great visionary, Theodore Roosevelt, "The future is ours to make." And make it we shall, one bright, shining step at a time.。
远大前程英语论文第一篇：远大前程英语论文Report on Great Expectations Key words: report, Charles Dickens, great expectation, Pip, Estella Abstract: The story happened in England in 19th century.His parents died when Pip was only five years old, and he then lived with his elder sister and her husband.One night when he was looking at his parents’ tombstones, an escaped convict sprung up.Pip helped him with some food, and he was grateful.But at last he was taken by the policemen.One day Pip was taken to the Satis House, the home of the wealthy dowager Miss Havisham, who was both very rich and eccentric.This old lady was abandoned by her husband when they were going to married, and she lived in sufferings and memories for many years.During his visit, he met a beautiful girl named Estella, who treated him coldly and contemptuously.Nevertheless, he fell in love with her and dreamed of becoming a wealthy gentleman so that he might be worthy of her.One day a lawyer came to Pip and brought him a strange news: a secret benefactor has given Pip a large fortune, and Pip must come to London immediately to begin his education as a gentleman.Pip came to London, learned how to communicate, how to dance, and how to become a real gentleman…摘要：故事发生在19世纪的英国。
介绍远大前程的英语作文Far and Wide, a promising future lies ahead for you. With endless possibilities and opportunities, this is a place where dreams come true. The journey begins with passion and determination, as you set foot on the path towards success.In this land of opportunities, you will find a diverse and vibrant community. People from all walks of life come together, bringing their unique perspectives and ideas. It is a melting pot of cultures, where creativity thrives and innovation knows no bounds.The work environment is dynamic and fast-paced. Every day brings new challenges and exciting projects. You will be pushed to your limits, but the rewards are worth it. Here, hard work and dedication are valued, and your efforts will be recognized and rewarded.At Far and Wide, personal growth and development are atthe forefront. The company provides ample opportunities for learning and skill enhancement. Whether it's through training programs or mentorship, you will constantly be encouraged to expand your horizons and reach new heights.Collaboration is key at Far and Wide. Teamwork is highly encouraged, as it fosters creativity and brings out the best in everyone. You will have the chance to work with talented individuals from different backgrounds, each contributing their unique strengths to achieve a common goal.In this ever-evolving world, Far and Wide stays ahead of the curve. Innovation is at the core of everything they do. You will be part of a team that is constantly pushing boundaries and exploring new frontiers. Your ideas will be valued, and you will have the opportunity to make a real impact.But it's not all about work at Far and Wide. The company understands the importance of work-life balance. They believe that a happy and fulfilled employee is aproductive one. You will have access to various wellness programs and activities that promote physical and mentalwell-being.So, if you're ready to embark on a journey of alifetime, Far and Wide is the place to be. It's a place where dreams are nurtured, and success is within reach.Join the ranks of the ambitious and the driven, and together, let's create a future that is truly extraordinary.。
great expectations 远大前程charles dickens 狄更斯my first name was Philip,but when i was a small child i could only manage to say Pip.教名so Pip was what everybody called me.i lived in a small village in Essex with my sister,who was over 20 years older than me.my parents had died when i was a baby,so i could not remember them at all. quite often i used to visit the churchyard,about a mile from the village,to look at their names on the gravestones.经常，教堂墓地，墓碑sit on a gravestone in the churchyard one cold,grey,December afternoon.十二月份的一个寒冷阴沉的下午listen to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.听着远处大海刮出的嗖嗖呼啸声don't say a word！别出声！a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of me.墓地里跳出一个人，一把抓住了我if you shout i will cut your throat. 敢叫就割断你的喉咙he was a big man,dressed all in black,with an iron chain on his leg.身材高大,一身黑衣服，腿上拴着铁链his clothes were wet and torn.衣服湿淋淋的，并且破破烂烂he looked exhausted,and hungry,and very fierce.筋疲力竭，饥饿，凶残。
摘要英国是一个历史文化悠久的古老国家，从伊比利亚等早期居民时代到凯撒大帝统治的罗马时代，再到诺曼征服，文艺复兴，工业革命，大英帝国一路收获的不仅是经济的强大，更有无与伦比的绚烂文化。
这其中，莎士比亚独占鳌头，唯独十九世纪批判现实主义杰出代表，小说家狄更斯可与之媲美。
此文正是关于狄更斯代表作《远大前程》的分析。
狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大的小说家，狄更斯这不仅是因为他非凡的观察力和想象力，文章能牢牢抓住人物的性格特征，在人物塑造当中赋予角色独特的个性与生命，更在于他的小说不仅真实地反映了整整一代人的生活经历,而且生动地揭示了19 世纪中叶整个英国的社会现实,其深度与广度远远超过了同时代的其它大部分作品。
《远大前程》是狄更斯晚期一部重要的作品，可以说是集批判现实主义小说之大成。
小说围绕主人公匹普成长历程展开描写，叙述了匹普“远大前程”的幻灭过程，事实证明其在纸醉金迷的上流社会里所追逐浮华都毫无价值。
为了使人们更好的理解这部作品，并更清楚的看到狄更斯作品中批判现实主义的强大力量，本文旨在对他的《远大前程》中各主要人物的性格发展的影响因素进行分析。
关键词：《远大前程》；狄更斯；主要人物；性格变化；内外因素AbstractBritain is an ancient country with a long history and culture, from early-age residents of Iberia, to Roman times ruled by Julius Caesar, and then to the Norman conquest, the Renaissance, the industrial revolution, the British empire not only harvests all the economy boom, but also has a sea of incomparable gorgeous culture. Among them, Shakespeare pulls ahead, only the nineteenth century outstanding representative of critical realism, novelist, Dickens is the comparable. Generally regarded as the greatest literary geniuses of his time in Victorian England, Charles Dickens (1812 -1870) enjoyed a wider popularity than any previous author had done during his lifetime “because of the magnitude of his artistic achievement and because of the comprehensiveness of the picture it gives of his age. This article is about to analysis Dickens' masterpiece "great expectations". Dickens was named the nineteenth century Britain greatest novelist, not only because his special powers of observation and imagination, but his article can hold characteristics into unique individual character and life. His novels not only reflect the whole generation of life experience, but also vividly reveal the picture of middle age of the nineteenth century, and the whole of the UK social reality. Their depth and breadth are far more than the contemporary other works. "Great expectations" is an important work written by Dickens in his old age, we can say this is the greatest achievement of critical realism. This novel describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society was of no value. In order to make people better understand this works, and more clearly see Dickens works' great power ofcritical realism, this article focus on the influence factors of the development of the main characters.Key words: "great expectations "；Dickens；main figures；development of character；inner and outer factorsTable of ContentsOutline (1)Introduction (3)Chapter I Dickens' Cultural Position and the Content of the "Great Expectation " (4)1.1 The Important Status of Dickens (4)1.2 The Main Content of the "Great Expectation " (4)Chapter II Several Main Characters’ Personality Development Process (7)2.1 The Original Characteristics of the Main Figures (7)2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of Pip (7)2.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe Gargery (7)2.1.3 The Original Characteristic of Miss Havisham (8)2.2 The Development of Characteristics of the Main Figures (10)2.2.1 The Development of Characteristics of Pip (10)2.2.2 The Development of Characteristics of Joe Gargery (11)2.2.3 The Development of Characteristics of Miss Havisham (12)Chapter III Analysis of the Inner and Outer Factors for the Above Development (14)3.1 The Inner Factors (14)3.2 The Outer Factors (15)Chapter IV Conclusion (17)Bibliography (18)Acknowledgements (20)OutlineThesis statement: Through the analysis of several main characters’personality development process, we get the inspiration that we should have strong heart and use external factors positively.I . Dickens is the most important figure in the English literature, knowing his cultural position is the first step to analysis the "Great Expectation ".A.The important statue of Dickens will never be overestimated, for that studying him canshow us a panorama of his times.B .As the most distinctive master work of Dickens, the "Great Expectation" can not onlyindicate how Dickens is, but also itself is a appreciating book.II . Character is the soul of a book, and in order to know a work better, we have to study its characters and in this book, the development of the main characters is the most sparking point.A. We need to know how the original characteristics of the main figures are so that we canset the basis of the cooperation.1. Pip is a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy.2. Joe Gargery is an honest, industrious, mild, good-natured and easy-going dear fellow.3. Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman.B.The development of the main characters is the more weighting part, in this one we canfind that how these figures grow up and change.1.Pip changes little by little and almost becomes a bad man.2.Joe becomes unselfish and warm-hearted.3.Miss Havisham becomes an invalid in heart.III . For any development, there are some reasons; no matter they are about outside forces or inside eager, so in this part I am going to analyses the inner and outer factor for the above characters.A.Inner factors include family, family condition, faith and knowledge etc.B.Outer factors include envi ronment, friends, other’s help etc.IV. Conclusion: We should actively use external factors to pursue the great expectations.IntroductionMy first name was Philip, but when I was a small child I could only manage to say Pip. So Pip was what everybody called me. I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me...With the words, we are into a story: This article is about to analysis Dickens' masterpiece "great expectations”. Dickens was named the nineteenth century Britain greatest novelist, not only because his special powers of observation and imagination, but his article can hold characteristics into unique individual character and life. His novels not only reflect the whole generation of life experience, but also vividly reveal the picture of middle age of the nineteenth century, and the whole of the UK social reality. Their depth and breadth are far more than the contemporary other works. "Great expectations" is an important work written by Dickens in his old age, we can say this is the greatest achievement of critical realism. This novel describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society was of no value.Chapter I Dickens' Cultural Position and the Content ofthe "Great Expectation "1.1 The Important Status of DickensDickens is the most significant novelist of the English. In English history of culture, there is one peak that cannot be surpassed by any other figures. Dickens is the only comparable outstanding figure with William Shakespeare.Dickens is the greatest novelist in 19th century, critical realism outstanding delegates. His novels is not only a true reflection of the whole generation of life experience, but vividly reveals the mid 19th century Britain's entire social reality, the depth and breadth is far beyond the contemporary most other works .Dickens’s later work Great Expectations (1861), which is considered as his artistic master piece, is the most perfectly constructed of all Dickens’s novels. “Surely the characters in Great Expectations are the greatest collection in all of English fiction.”(Dickens 279)1.2 The Main Content of the "G reat Expectation”Dickens is one of the world's best-loved writers, and Great Expectations may be Dickens' most autobiographical work. Although an earlier novel, David copperfield, followed the facts of Dickens' life more closely, the narrator David seems a little too good to be true. The narrator of Great Expectations, Pip, is, in contrast, a man of many faults, who hides none of them from the reader. If Pip is a self-portrait, Dickens must have been a reservoir of inferiority complexes, guilt, and shame.The beginning of the novel is set shortly after Dickens' birthdates (1812) in the country of his childhood--the Kentish countryside by the sea (the nearest large town is Rochester, where Miss Havisham lives). Dickens wasn't an orphan, as Pip is, but he may well have felt like one. His parents were sociable, pleasant people, but when Charles, who was the eldest boy, was nine, the Dickens’s pulled up roots and moved to London to try to live more cheaply. Charles was appalled by the cramped, grubby house they lived in there, and even more as hamed when his father was arrested and taken to debtors' prison. “The rest of the Dickens’s were allowed to move into prison with their father, but twelve-year-old Charles had to live alone.” (Ashley 9)In spite of his depression, Dickens managed to include in Great Expectations the untranscended comedy he was known and loved for. His driving need to please his public kept him on balance. The novel's themes, however, are very serious. He writes about human nature itself, a mixture of misery, joy, hope, and despair. Dickens wrote it because his vision of life was growing complex, and he was too great a genius to simplify it. Luckily, he was also a great enough genius to write a book that people could enjoy. Though Dickens bared his psychological problems in this novel, he was still trying to reach out to his readers, to make them see their own lives more clearly. Perhaps this is why people love Dickens--because he is so human, so honest, and so much likes all of us.In this novel, Dickens set the beginning in a village cemetery, a small boy, Pip, is accosted by a runaway convict Magwitch who demands food and a file to saw off his leg iron. Pip helped him. Not long after this, Pip is invited to the gloomy home of rich, eccentric Miss Havisham, who wants a boy to "play" for her amusement. But Pip's real role at MissHavisham's turns out to be as a toy for Miss Havisham's adopted daughter, Estella, who has been raised with one purpose--to break men's hearts, Pip falls in love with Estella and becomes self-conscious about his low social class and unpolished manners. From then on, his abiding dream is to be a gentleman.Then a London lawyer, Jiggers, comes to the village to tell Pip that he has come into a fortune from an anonymous source. Finally, he came to know that it was Magwitch who helped him. (Blamers 23) Back in London, Pip learns that Magwitch once had a baby girl, but she was abandoned by her mother. Piecing together evidence, Pip realizes with shock that Estella was that baby girl. Later, he accepted a job in an overseas branch of Herbert's office. Returning to England many years later, Pip visits Miss Havisham's house, which has been pulled down. Estella is there, too. As they walk away hand in hand, it looks as though they would finally get together.Chapter II Several Main Characters’ PersonalityDevelopment Process2.1 The Original Characteristics of the Main Figures"Great Expectation” contains a lot of characters, such as Pip; his sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery; the town blacksmith Joe; Mr. Wopsle; Mr. and Mrs. Hubble ; Miss Havisham, eccentric old lady who lives up town ; Estella , Miss Havisham's snooty , beautiful daughter ; Biddy ; Orrick ; V ompeyson ; Abel Magwitch ; Miss Skiffins and so on . In my paper, I focus on three main figures .They are Pip, Joe Gargery, and Miss Havisham.2.1.1 The Original Characteristic of PipThe novel begins at the church graveyard on Christmas Eve. Pip informs us that he is an orphan and lives in the marsh country. (Julie 29) An escaped convict appears and threatens Pip. He commands Pip to bring him a file and vittles (food) or he'll cut Pip's throat. Although Pip is scared to death, and knows clearly that the man is a escaped dangerous prisoner, he goes back home to steal food and even a bottle of brandy for him, and gives him a smooth file to help him to cast off the iron chain. On Pip's way to the church graveyard, he imagines that all the animals are sneering and blaming him. The leopard cat hung in the food cupboard is calling Joe wake up to seize the thief, and the cattle are talking about his misconduct and scoring him, which are the typical illusion of a naive little kid. So at the first place Pip is described as a kind hearted boy and full of sympathy. (Douglas 19)2.1.2 The Original Characteristic of Joe GargeryJoe is Pip’s brother-in-law, but there is a big gap in their ages. He actually plays the role of Pip’s father. But this father is somewhat different because he in fact has authority in the family run by Mrs. Joe. Compared with Pip, Joe is only a fellow-sufferer of Mrs. Joe’s cruelty. Joe’s situation and influence is too feeble.He is an honest, industrious, mild, good-natured and easy-going dear fellow. Pip always treats him as a large species of child, and as no more than his standard. He protects and loves Pip. Joe is not well educated and even has difficulty in spelling his own name, but Joe encourages Pip to learn. Joe is also very forgiving. When talking about the causes of his tolerance of Mrs. Joe, Joe says: "I'm dead afraid of going wrong in the way of not doingwhat's right by a woman, and I'd fur rather of the two go wrong the other way, and be a little ill-conveniences myself. I wish it was only me that got put out, Pip; I wish there won’t no tickler for you, old chap; I wish I could take it all on myself."（Dickens 101）From this part of novel we can clearly see that Joe is the most kind-hearted person who is willing to do every thing to help pip, and to satisfy his wife. The image of Joe maybe the most direct influence positive factor that make Pip grow up as such an honest and simple boy that at the very ending, readers can have quite a beautiful picture.2.1.3 The original characteristic of Miss HavishamIn Great Expectation,the distinctive character Miss Havisham attracts critics’ and researchers’ attention, the articles at home referred to the analyses on the character and image of Great Expectation are numerous. In a typical study of this type, Li Guangming (2007) suggested that Miss Havisham is a victim of complex forces which from her family and thebourgeois society.Miss Havisham is an eccentric and most impressive woman that Dickens had ever created, who is even regarded as mad by some critics because of her appearance, behaviors and words. However, Mis s Havisham’s fate is tragic: She is jilted by Compeyson on their wedding day. From then on, she lived an eccentric life and aimed to revenge on all men.Through Pip's eye, we can find that at the first place Miss Havisham's cruelty lies in the following aspects:First, she is cruel to her relatives.Once she is cheated by Compeyson, she decides to maltreat those people around her. She believes in nobody but her lawyer. She let everything in her house stop and rot. In her mind, there is nothing but hatred and revenge. Every year on her birthday, her relatives would come to see her; on such occasions, she uses all kinds of sharp words to mock those relatives because of their greed for her wealth. By doing so, she can get satisfaction in seeing her relatives’ presence, compliment and greed to no avail.Secondly, she is also cruel to herself.Actually, she is the victim who suffered most. A woman using her whole life to revenge is so terrible and so pitiable. Everyone could experience setbacks in life and should learn from them; unfortunately Miss Havisham learns nothing from her failure but hatred feeling. Also her revenge is not for someone specific, but for the whole human race. She hates almost everyone just because she is wronged once. This is unreasonable. Thus, all the people around her suffered, especially those who were near her, like Pip and Estella. She seems to be a ghost in the bridal clothes with a wicked smile on her face. The revenge on men is also revenge onherself. What she had gained is far fewer than what she has given out-her youth, happiness, common thought…At last, even Estella treats her coldly. She is so disappointed and miserable. Just as the adage goes: As you brew, so you must drink.Whereas some critics feel that Miss Havisham has her own limitations, as Cai Wei (2006) claimed that her insane actions don’t start from her abnormal psychology but her double personality. (Jiang 35-39)Great Expectation“attracts the attention of scholars coming from a wide variety o f critical approaches: feminist, new historicist, psychoanalytic, and deconstructionist, as well as from more traditional historical and formalist perspectives.”(Patten. R. L. 24)2.2 The Development of Characteristics of the Main Figures2.2.1 The Development of Characteristics of PipIn Great Expectation, moral, social, and educational factors are the motivation of Pip’s best and his worst behavior throughout the novel. First, Pip hankers for moral self-improvement. He is extremely stringent on himself, and when he acts immorally he feels deeply guilt. It is these that push him to act better courtesy in the future. After he is being aided financially to live a high-level life in London, he is overcritical about himself on having behaved so wretchedly toward Joe and Biddy. So this gives a best improvement of Pip. To a extent, moral factor makes up the good Pip. Second, Pip hankers for social self-improvement. In love with Estella, he longs to become a member of her social class, and, is encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook; He entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. Although seeking for higher and more decent social status should not be over criticized, at that time, theso-called upper society is full of rot and hypercritical figures. What they care is to compare unrealistically and fabricate rumors. So under this circumstances, Pip changes little by little and almost becomes a bad man, and then loses both his luck and his expectations. “Through this rise and fall, however, Pip learns how to find happiness.”(Mannion 39)He learns the meaning of friendship and the meaning of love and, of course, becomes a better person for it. Dickens used the growth of his characters in Great Expectations, particularly Pip in relation to others to write about social reform, and most effectively illustrated this by using the first-person narrative style.2.2.2 The Development of Characteristics of Joe GargeryWhen Pip comes back from the Sati Manor for the first time and lies to Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook, Joe advises that no lies in the future. Interviewed by Miss Havisham, Joe would not be lured by money. Joe is unselfish and warm-hearted. He is far away from Pip's London life because he never wants himself or his simple manners to embarrass Pip and to make Pip uncomfortable.Joe is always present in Pip's mind. He tends to remind Pip of the precious positive values. He is a man of simple dignity: he would not be lured by money. This is quite the opposite of his wife. Joe has strong sympathy for Pip. He says: “When I offered to your sister to keep company, and to be asked in church, at such times as she was willing and ready to come to the forge, I said to her: ‘And bring the poor little child. God blessed the little child, ‘I said to your sister’,there i s room for him at the forge!’’ The most unselfish love comes from Joe. He is so warm-hearted. He is the one who quietly protects little Pip by words oractions. When Pip’s gentleman dreams are broken, still Joe, comes to take care of him until he recovers.No matter how deep the gap is, Joe is always ready to be a good listener and helper for Pip. Even when Pip becomes an upper society gentleman, and sneers at him, but Joe still treats him as the same, and at the very ending, Joe helps him again by taking him home and repaying his debt. As Dickens himself said: It is not possible to know how far the influence of any amiable honest-hearted duty-doing man flies out into the world; but it is very possible to know how it has touched one’s self in going by. （Dickens 139）2.2.3 The Development of Characteristics of Miss HavishamThe social influence on Miss Havisham’s tragic destiny is too apparent to be neglected. Great Expectations is set in Victorian England, a time when great social changes were sweeping the nation. Although the Victorian Age meets a material prosperity, the polarization of wealth is widening and the class contradiction is becoming more serious, and this result in the corruption of money to human’s relationship. Marriage, love, courts, j ails are based on this. Also, The Victorian Age is a male-centered society, the idea that women should be subjective to men roots in women’s mind. Miss Havisham is just the victim of this society. She is abandoned on her wedding day, but she keeps the room like the day she got married, while on the other hand she tries every means to revenge men. Bearing these two conflictive thoughts in mind, Havisham certainly fails to live her own life out of the control or influence from male. She suffered greatly from the pain of love and her quest for revenge. As an ordinary woman, Miss Havisham can’t be independent from men and her fragile souls make her unableto envisage sufferings in life bravely .Thus the tragedy of Miss Havisham is inevitable.On the way she plays Pip, she step by step falls into the deepest hole of depression. Finally she set herself on fire, and it is Pip who rescues her out by burnt his arms. At last, Miss Havisham admits to Pip that she leads him on falsely and takes pity on him, and Miss Havisham becomes an invalid. Miss Havisham is the most tragically figure in all the foreign navels.Chapter III Analysis of the Inner and Outer Factors forthe Above Development3.1 The Inner FactorsThe hero Pip lost this parents since he was very young and Dickens narrators this in the first person tone asMy first name was Philip，but when I was a small child I could only manage to sayPip．So Pip was what every-body called me．I lived in a small village in Essex withmy sister，who was over twenty years older than me，and married to Joe Gargery，the village blacksmith．My parents had died when I was a baby，so I could notremember them at all，but quite often I used to visit the churchyard，abut a milefrom the village，to look at their names on their gravestones．My sister，Mr. Joe Gargery，was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up‘by hand’．Nobody explained to me what this meant，and because she had a hardand heavy hand，which she used freely on her husband as well as me，I supposedthat Joe and I were both brought up by hand．She was not a beautiful woman，beingtall and thin，with black hair and eyes and a very red face．She clearly felt that Joeand I caused her a lot of trouble，and she frequently complained about it．Joe，onthe other hand，was a gentle，kind man with fair hair and weak blue eyes，whoquietly accepted her scolding．(Dickens 1)We can see from here, in that era such an orphan brought up by his black sister , is impossible to obtain a very good education .The loss of the education and the familycircumstance gives the little Pip the dream to be a man like the brother-in-law, Joe. And, in fact, in this family, sister has the power authority on the home; brother-in-law is the only one who can "talk to trust each other." Readers can know from lines that, Dickens takes a great pain portraying little Pip. But even growing up in such a family full of domestic violence, he is still naive and simple and unadorned. Little Pip is a kind-hearted person, even facing the escaped prisoner.Miss Havisham changes all of this. When Pip insulted by Miss Havisham and her daughter Estella, he becomes not satisfied with his social status, and wants to be a high-class gentleman.We must pay attention to one philosophic thinking of Dickens. That is, he holds that environment has a great influence on personality, and different environment brings up different characters. We know the primary factor is the inner one, so we can infer safely that if Pip is a mature and obstinate gay not such a simple and unsophisticated young man, we may read another ending.For Miss Havisham who is determined to revenge every man, Pip is a quite suitable target to take advantage of and to let off. She on the one hand, asks her adopted daughter Estella to approach Pip actively and on the other hand let her to humiliate him at the same time. This plan is carried out successfully, and the young Pip is played as a puppet by the strings grasped by Miss Havisham and Estella.3.2 The Outer FactorsTo love Stella always make Pip to abhor myself，he begins to hate his ’rough hands and that has a thick skull boots. Just as Pip himself says, now I am looking down on these things, which did not irritate me before, but they do now. And they are really vulgar and coarse. At the same time he starts to complain that Joe is too uneducated and dose not give him a decent upbringing, and he becomes more and more suspect of his friends who are so close to him.We should say, as a child, Pip has some complain before vanity is understandable. After all, it also conforms to the human nature. At the same time, from here we also see that in the Great Expectations, the descriptions of the characters are more exquisite, authentic, than ever, and an inner world of characters is explored more firmly and thoroughly by Dickens.Compared to Dickens' previous characters, the main characters images are richer and lifelike performance that author has been out of the oneness and certainty of characters. The author's mature also makes the characters closer to reality, and reflect better the social situation at the times. Looking at Pip, we can't see Dickens' description of profiling of his early works or see the author directly defined character, but a character has its own behavior, its independent inner activities. To understand and define the figures' right and wrong, readers has to judge and evaluate them themselves.Chapter IV ConclusionDickens, the most distinguishable delegate of the English culture, the nineteenth century outstanding representative of critical realism novelist. The Great Expectation,the most matured works of Dickens, describes around the hero Pip, and his great expectations of disillusion process, through the facts he finally realized that his target for the flashy life in a luxury and dissipation in polite society were no value. From the story we can see that there are inner factors and outer factors that impress on the formation and development of the main characters. And as readers, what we should learn is that we need know great inspiration: strengthen our inner heart, and make full use of external cause of positive factors.BibliographyAshley Emerson.GREAT EXPECTATIONS .S.W.A.T. 2009:9Blamires, H. "The Victorian Age of Literature". London: Longman York Press. 1988: 23. Dickens C. "Great Expectations." (Cover to Cover Classics). London: Penguin Classics, 2002: 101Douglas John Bowen ."Great expectations in hard times ".Railway age 2010:19Geoff Gaherty."Starting Out-Great Expectations”. The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 2007:4Jiang Yu-qin 江玉琴, 宋庆丽. 自恋, 神经病, 抑或双重人格——辨析《远大前程》中赫维仙小姐性格. 江西广播电视大学学报, 2000: 35-39Julie Towers.Great Expectations. Municipal journal. Feb.12 2009:29Kimberly Palmer ."Generation Y's Great Expectations ".U.S. news & world report .2009:6Li Guang-ming 李广明, 夏海. 复杂力量下的牺牲品-赫薇香小姐.语文学刊. 2007: 60-63. Mannion AFetal."Great expectations: really the novel predictor of outcome after spinal surgery?” Spine 2009:39Oil &；Gas Gazette Group."Great exp ectations for Great Artesian”. Oil & Gas Gazette 2006:71Patten. R. L. "From Sketches to Nickel by Charles Dickens”. Ed. John O. Jordan, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press by Arrangement with CambridgeUniversity Press, 2003: 24.Pietz David A."China's natural gas sector generating great expectations". Oil and Gas Journal。
Report on Great Expectations Key words: report, Charles Dickens, great expectation, Pip, EstellaAbstract: The story happened in England in 19th century. His parents died when Pip was only five years old, and he then lived with his elder sister and her husband. One night when he was looking at his parents’ tombstones, an escaped convict sprung up. Pip helped him with some food, and he was grateful. But at last he was taken by the policemen.One day Pip was taken to the Satis House, the home of the wealthy dowager Miss Havisham, who was both very rich and eccentric. This old lady was abandoned by her husband when they were going to married, and she lived in sufferings and memories for many years. During his visit, he met a beautiful girl named Estella, who treated him coldly and contemptuously. Nevertheless, he fell in love with her and dreamed of becoming a wealthy gentleman so that he might be worthy of her.One day a lawyer came to Pip and brought him a strange news: a secret benefactor has given Pip a large fortune, and Pip must come to London immediately to begin his education as a gentleman.Pip came to London, learned how to communicate, how to dance, and how to become a real gentleman…摘要：故事发生在19世纪的英国。
在皮普还是个15岁的孩子时，父母双亡，和姐姐、姐夫生活在一起。
圣诞节前，皮普到墓地去悼念父母，遇到了越狱犯麦格维奇。
皮普为他拿来了蛋糕充饥，令麦格维奇非常感动，但最后他还是被警察带走了。
圣诞过后，皮普被邀请到村里最富有的哈维汉姆小姐家做客。
这个老妇人新婚当天丈夫没有出现，从此便再也没有脱下婚纱，多年来一直生活在回忆里。
尽管她拥有财富，却从没有得到过幸福，因此一直活在愤恨中，性格怪癖。
当皮普怀着忐忑不安的心情踏入这所老房子时，遇到了哈维汉姆小姐收养的女孩埃斯特拉，从此便一发不可收拾地爱上了她。
但埃斯特拉是个傲慢又刻薄的女孩，根本不把皮普放在眼里。
这令皮普很伤心，他暗自下决心要成为一名绅士好让埃斯特拉不再歧视自己。
机会终于来了。
尽管皮普的姐夫只是一个铁匠，没有钱送他上学，但在几年后，突然有不愿意透露姓名的人提出资助皮普到伦敦去过上层社会的生活。
皮普满心欢喜地来到伦敦，学习如何社交、如何跳舞、如何成为一名真正的绅士。
此时的皮普已明显的感觉到自己无法再和做铁匠的姐夫顺畅沟通了，尽管是姐夫把他养大，感情也非常好....Main idea:First, I want to give a brief introduction to you about the author of Great Expectation.Charles·Dickens(whole name is Charles John Huffam Dickens) was born on February 7,1812, and spent the first 9 years of his life living in the coastal region of Kent, a country in southeast England. Dickens’s father, John, was a k ind and likable man, but he was incompetent with money and accumulated tremendous debts throughout his life. When Dickens was nine, his family moved to London. When he was twelve, his father was arrested and taken to the debtors’ prison. Dickens’s mother moved his seven brothers and sisters into prison with their father. But she arranged for the young Charles to live alone outside the prison and work with other children pasting labels on bottles in a blacking warehouse. Dickens found the three months he spent apart from his family highly miserable. Not only the job itself torturous, but also he considered himself too good for it, earning the contempt of the other children. After his father was released from the prison, Dickens returned to school. He eventually became a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a novelist. His first novel, the Pickwick Papers, became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twenty-five. He published his works extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870.Representative works of the writer: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity Shop, Hard Times, Great Expectations, Our Mutual Friend.Content of the novel:Then let’s focus on the main topic and content of Great Expectations.Readers can find many events of Dickens’ early life are mirrored in the Great Expectations, which, apart from David Copperfield, is his most autobiographical novel. Pip, the novel’s main character, lives in the marsh country, works at a job he hates, considers himself too good for his surroundings, and experiences material success in London at a very early age, exactly as Dickens himself did. In addition, one of the most appealing characters, Wemmick, is a law clerk, and the law, justice, and the courts are all important components of the story.Great Expectations is set in early Victorian England, a time when great changes were sweeping the nation. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries had transformed the landscape, enabling capitalists and manufacturers to amass huge fortunes. Although social class was no longer entirely dependent on the circumstances of one’s birth, the divisions between rich and poor remained nearly as wide as ever. London, a teeming mass of humanity, lit by gas lamps at night and darkened by black clouds from smokestacks during the day, formed a sharp contrast with the nation’s poverty-stricken rural areas. More and more people moved from the country to the city in, pursuing greater economic opportunity. Throughout the whole nation, the manners of the upper class were very strict and conservative, gentlemen and ladies were expected to have thorough classical educations and to behave appropriately in countless social situations.These conditions defined t he writer’s time, and they make themselves felt in almost every aspect of Great Expectations Pip’s sudden rise from country laborer to city gentleman forces him to move from one social extreme to another while dealing with the strict rules and expectations that governed Victorian England. Ironically, this novel about the desire for wealth and social advancement was written partially out of economic necessity. Dickens’s magazine All the Year Round had become extremely popular based on the success of works it had published in serial, such as his own A Tale of Two Cities and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White. But it had experienced a decline in popularity after publishing a dull serial by Charles· Lever called A Day’s Ride. Dickens conceived of Great Expectations as a means of restoring his publication’s fortunes. The book is still immensely popular a century and a half later.In form, Great Expectations fits a pattern popular in 19th century European fiction: bildungsroman or novel depicting growth and personal development generally a transition from boyhood to manhood such as that experienced by Pip. The genre was popularized by Goethe with his book Wilhelm Meister (1794-1796) and became prevalent in England with such books as Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Dickens’s own David Copperfield . Each of these books, like Great Expectations depicts a process of maturation and self-discovery through experience as a protagonist moves from childhood to adulthood.As a bildungsroman, Great Expectations presents the growth and development of a single character, Philip Pirrip, better known to himself and to the world as Pip. It is obvious that Pip is the most important character in the story Great Expectations, and also he is the narrator of the story.When I was reading the book Great Expectations I felt that I was a listener of the mature Pip who was the narrator of the story, and at the same time, I was growing with the little Pip, who was the main character in the book.Charles Dickens takes great care to distinguish the two Pip, imbuing the voice of the Pip the narrator with perspective and maturity, while also imparting how Pip the character feels about what is happening to him as it actually happens. This skillfully executed distinction is perhaps observed early in the book, when Pip the character is a child; here, Pip the narrator gently pokes fun at his younger self, but also enables us to see and feel the story through his eyes.View points on the theme:Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.The theme of Great Expectations is not so difficult to find. Affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Dickens establishes the theme and shows Pip learning this lesson, largely by exploring ideas of ambition and self-improvement——ideas that quickly become both the thematic center of the novel and the psychological mechanism that encourages much of Pip’s development.From deep in heart, Pip is an idealist. Whenever he can conceive of something that is better than what he already has, he immediately desires to obtain the improvement. When he sees the Satis House, he longs to be a wealthy gentleman; when he thinks of his moral shortcomings, he longs to be good; when he realizes that he cannot read, he longs to learn how. Pip’s desire for self-improvement is the main source of the novel’s title: because he believes in the possibility of advancement in life, he has “Great Expectations” about his future.Ambition and self-improvement take three forms in Great Expectations, they are respectively moral, social, and educational. These are the motivation of Pip’s best and his worst behavior throughout the novel. First, Pip desires moral self-improvement. He is extremely hard on himself when he acts immorally and feels powerful guilt that spurs him to act better in the future. When he leaves for London, for instance, he torments himself about having behaved so wretchedly toward Joe and Biddy. Second, Pip desires social self-improvement. In love with Estella, he longs to become a member of her social class, and, encouraged by Mrs. Joe and Pumblechook, he entertains fantasies of becoming a gentleman. The working out of the fantasy forms the basic plot of the novel. And, it provides Dickens the opportunity to gently satirize the class system of his era and to make a point about capricious nature. Significantly, Pip’s life as a gentleman is no more satisfying——and certainly no more moral——than his previous life as a bla cksmith’s apprentice. Third, Pip desires educational self-improvement. This desire is deeply connected to his social ambition and longing to marry Estella: a full education is a requirement of being a gentleman. As long as he is an ignorant country boy, he has no hope of social advancement. Pip understands this fact as a child, when he learns to read at Mr. Wopsle’s aunt’s school, and as a young man, when he takes lessons from Matthew Pocket. Ultimately, through the examples of Joe, Biddy, and Magwitch, Pip learns that social and educational improvement are irrelevant to one’s real worth and that conscience and affection are to be valued above erudition and social standing.Throughout Great Expectations, Dickens explores the class system of Victorian England, ranging from the most wretched criminals (Magwitch) to the poor peasants of the marsh country (Joe and Biddy) to the middle class (Pumblechook) to the very rich (Miss Havisham). The theme of social class is central to the novel’s plot and to the ultimate moral theme of the book——Pip’s realization that wealth and class areless important than affection, loyalty and inner worth. Pip achieves this realization when he is finally able to understand that, despite the esteem in which he holds Estella, one’s soci al status is in no way connected to one’s real character. Drummle, for instance, is an upper-class lout, while Magwitch, a persecuted convict, has a deep inner worth.Perhaps, the most important thing to remember about the novel’s treatment of social class is that the class system it portrays is based on the post——Industrial Revolution model of Victorian England. Dickens generally ignores the nobility and the hereditary aristocracy in favor of characters whose fortunes have been earned through commerce. Eve n Miss Havisham’s family fortune was made through the brewery that is still connected to her manor. In this way, by connecting the theme of social class to the idea of work and self-advancement, Dickens subtly reinforces the novel’s main theme of ambition and self-improvement. So the novel Great Expectations is really an outcome of the writer’s deliberation.Comments on major character:As a character, Pip’s two most important traits are his immature, romantic idealism and his native good conscience. On the other hand, Pip has a deep desire to improve himself and attain any possible advancement, whether educational, moral, or social. His longing to marry Estella and join the upper classes stems from the same idealistic desire as his longing to learn to read and his fear of being punished for bad behavior: once he understands ideas like poverty, ignorance, and immorality, Pip does not want to be poor, ignorant, or immoral. Pip the narrator judges his own past actions extremely harshly, rarely giving himself credit for good deeds but angrily castigating himself for bad ones. As a character, however, Pip’s idealism often leads him to perceive world rather narrowly, and his tendency to oversimplify situations based on superficial values leads him to behave badly toward the people who care about him. When Pip becomes a gentleman, for example, he immediately begins to act as he thinks a gentleman supposed to act, which leads him to treat Joe and Biddy snobbishly and coldly. There are many examples of this kind of change in the novel.On the other hand, Pip is at heart a very generous and sympathetic young man, a fact that can be witnessed in his numerous acts of kindness throughout the book. For instance, he helps Magwitch, secretly buying Herbert’s way into business, etc. Andhis essential love for all those who love him also indicates the fact. Pip’s main line of development in the novel may be seen as the process of learning to place his native sense of kindness and conscience above his immature idealism.Not long after meeting Miss Havisham and Estella, Pip’s desire for advancement largely overshadows his basic goodness. After receiving his mysterious fortune, his idealistic wishes seem to have been justified, and he gives himself over to a gentlemanly life of idleness. But the discovery that the wretched Magwitch, not the wealthy Miss Havisham, is his secret benefactor shatters Pip’s oversimplified sense of his world’s hierarchy. The fact that he comes to admire Magwitch while losing Estella to the brutish nobleman Drummle ultimately forces him to realize that one’s social position is not the most important quality one possesses, and that his behavior as a gentleman has caused him to hurt the people who care about him most. Once he has learned these lessons, Pip matures into the man who narrates the novel, completing the bildungsroman.Writing techniques: foreshadowing.Great Expectations contains a great deal of foreshadowing. The repeated references to the convict foreshadow his return; the second convict on the marsh foreshadows the revelation of Magwitch’s conflict with Compeyson; the man in the pub who gives Pip money foreshadows the revelation that Pip’s fortune comes from Magwitch; Miss Havisham’s wedding dress and her bizarre surroundings foreshadow the revelat ion of her past and her relationship with Estella; Pip’s feeling that Estella reminds him of someone he knows foreshadows his discovery of the truth of her parentage; the fact that Jaggers is a criminal lawyer foreshadows his involvement in Magwitch’s life; and so on. Moreover, the weather often foreshadows dramatic events: a storm brewing generally means there will be trouble ahead, as on the night of Magwitch’s return.One way to see Pip’s development, and the development of many of the other characters in the Great Expectations, is as an attempt to learn to value other human beings.Except all above, I realize that growing of a child is a long process of development. And during this long process, the children not only need to obtain a lotof knowledge from the textbooks, but also need to find the right way to be a decent person. And there is no doubt that being a human is the one which is more important between the two. This is a truth in the past, in this era, and in the future.In conclusion, the most important theme in Great Expectations is that no external standard of value can replace the judgments of one’s own conscience. Characters such as Joe and Biddy know this instinctively; for Pip, it is a long and hard lesson, the learning of which makes up much of the book.。
