环境土壤学(一) PPT课件
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《环境土壤学》讲义SATELLITE第一章绪论第一节土壤与生态系统1.土壤的概念定义1:存在于地球表层的含有生命物质,植物可以生长的自然集合体。
定义2:土壤是能产生植物收获物的地球陆地的疏松表层,是岩石圈,水圈,大气圈和生物圈相互进行物质循环和能量转换的产物,是在母质(岩石及其风化物)、气候、生物、地形、时间等因素相互作用下形成的自然体。
土壤圈Pedosphere:地球陆地表层由所有土壤所构成的具有重要特征的圈层。
土壤圈是地球圈层结构中具有重要作用的一个圈层,界于岩石圈和大气圈、生物圈、水圈之间。
成土条件Siol Forming Condition:s = f(cl,o,r,p,t)式中:s土壤soilcl气候climateo生物organism (Vegetation)r地形reliefp岩石或母质rock or parent materialst 时间(年龄) timeThe type of soil developed depends on the amount of time a parent material on a specific topography is exposed to the effects of climate and vegetation. "Why do I have so many different soil series on my land?" The answer is quite simple. If you had three parent materials on five topographies developed under two vegetations, one climate, and two periods of time, you would have the following number of soil series: 3 parent materials × 5 topographies × 2 vegetations × 1 climate × 2 time intervals = 60 soil series(土系).土壤的作用Role of Soil:They help supply our food, support our homes and highways, act as building materials for our construction, absorb our waste materials, and give us many beautiful and scenic areas for relaxation and recreation." The wealth of a nation lies in her soils and their intelligent development." --- Richard Gordon我国主要的土壤类型:砖红壤,红壤,黄壤,暗棕壤,黑土,紫色土,水稻土,荒漠土。