油水分离器的故障分析及处理

南通航运职业技术学院

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2014年 月 日I [摘要]：因为海上航运运输成不较低，现代海上航运业发展的越来越迅速，海上航运已占据了整个运输业的大部分市场，目前海上交通运输业成了世界各国各地区之间经济文化交流不能或缺的十分重要的方式，它为全世界人民的生活水平带来了明显的改善。然而伴随着世界各国各地船队的日益壮大和发展，在船舶运行中产生含油污水也与日俱增，这些含油污水排入海洋给海洋的生态环境草成了前所未有的重大破坏和严重污染。因而船舶的海上预防油污水污染成果也变得越加严峻，按照国际《MARPOL公约》的规定，油水分离器作为船用的防污染设施，依照公约要求船舶必须装备油水分离器，其已经在各种船舶上得到了广泛的应用。现有绝大部分船舶大是通过油水分离器来分离出油水中的油分后再排放污水直海洋从而减轻污油水对其 污染的，想要成为一名合格的轮机人员必须满足以下要求：熟习油水分离器的各部分组成工作原理与和操作步骤，解决油水分离器的一般的故障和排出故障，修理措施。只有这样才能充分发挥油水分离器的作用有效地防止油水对海洋环境的污染，维持船舶的正常海上运营。本论文通过参考各种文献对船用油水分离器的常见故障及处理做出了分析和探讨，对油水分离器日常的故障和处理的注意事项做出了一定介绍。

[关键词]：油水分离器；故障； 处理。

II Abstract：Because shipping by sea is not low, the modern Marine shipping industry development

is more and more quickly, shipping has occupied most of the transportation market, the

transportation is economic and cultural exchange between the various countries and various

areas all over the world can't important means of shortage, it brought improved the living

standards of the people all over the world. However, along with the growing and development of

all over the world fleet, in oily water is growing in the operation of the ship, the oily sewage into

the sea to the Marine ecological environment Cao Cheng unprecedented significant damage and

serious pollution. So ship pollution prevention results also becomes more and more important, in

accordance with the provisions of the international convention on MARPOL oil-water separator

as Marine pollution prevention facilities, in accordance with the convention requirement of ship

must be equipped with oil-water separator, it has widely used in all kinds of ships. Most is to use

existing ship oil from oil and water separator is through isolated after discharge to prevent

shipping damage to the Marine environment, wanted to be a qualified engineer must meet the

following requirements: familiar with principle and operation of oil-water separator, grasping the

common faults of the oil-water separator and its repair measures. Only in this way can give full

play to the role of the oil-water separator and effectively prevent the pollution of oil and water to

the Marine environment, maintain the ship's normal operations at sea. In this paper, by reference

to various literature on Marine oil-water separator and made analysis and discussion on the

common failures, failure of oil-water separator daily and processing to the matters needing

attention are introduced.

Key words：Oil-water separator; Fault; To deal with III 目 录

1 绪 论 ................................................................. 1

2 常见船油水分离器的组成及原理 ........................................... 3

2.1 油水分离器设备的工作原理 ............................................................................................................... 3

2.2 油分计的记录任务原理 ....................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 自动停止装置工作原理 ....................................................................................................................... 5

3 常见油水分离器故障及处理常见故障的分析以及排除法 ........................ 6

3.1 第一种故障情况 ................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 第二种故障情况 ................................................................................................................................... 6

3.3 第三种故障情况 ................................................................................................................................... 6

4 油水分离器的维管要点 ................................................... 8

4.1 启动前的检查及准备 ........................................................................................................................... 8

4.2运行中及停用前的注意事项 ................................................................................................................ 8

4.3 日常维护保养 ..................................................................................................................................... 10

5 总结以上故障现象及原因分析 ............................................ 12

6 结束语 ................................................................ 14

致 谢 ................................................................... 15

参考文献 ................................................................. 16

1 1 绪 论

船用油水分离器是现代船上防止含油污水污染海洋环境的重要设备，它在避免船舶舱底油水排放对海洋环境构成污染的进程中显示出着越来越突出的作用，可以说现代船舶正常运营已经离不开它，因而保障船用油水分离器以及其各种附属设施处于正常的工作状态充分发挥油水分离器的分油作用，是每名轮机相干工作人员在平时的处理和维修过程中的一个十分必要的工作之一，油水分离器的好坏也是国内外海事组织等相关检查部门等在避免船舶排放含油污水对海洋环境造成污染主要检查的一项任，因为油水分离器分离效果的好坏直接影响到船舶排入海洋中含油污水的质量。

在规则范围内，在经营过程中船舶在进入国外任何港口时泊都必须要同意得到该港口国的查看，PSC检查的项目很多种，其中包含：外观查看、操作查看、测试查看、运行查看、深度查看等相干影响船舶排放含油污水品质的检查。所以油水分离器在船舶对海上环境防污染以及船舶的常规经营进程中都起到十分重要的作用。下面是按照MARPOL73/78公约对船舶机舱油水分离器及其附属设备的要求，对一般船用油水分离器的原理常见故障以及解决措施做出讲解：