从文化维度视角对比中美饮食文化差异

【关键字】论文从精神文化角度分析中美饮食文化差异教学部专业英语班级学号姓名指导教师负责教师内容摘要饮食文化在现代文化研究中是一项非常重要的课题，并在人类物质文化的历史发展进程中占有至关重要的地位。

由于自然环境，历史背景以及民族文化的不同，中美两国形成各具特色的饮食文化。

因此，中美饮食文化差异分析对于中美文化的研究来说必不可少。

这篇论文将通过对比分析的方式研究中美饮食文化差异以及探究导致这些差异的精神文化因素。

最后，作者阐述研究中美饮食文化的差异对于跨文化交际和举办设美事务宴请的意义。

本篇论文将从精神文化角度对中美饮食文化差异进行对比分析，其主体部分包括导论，正文和结论三个部分。

主要内容如下：第一部分是导论部分，饮食是人类赖以生存的必要条件。

因此，饮食文化是物质文化的重要组成部分。

但由于中美不同的精神文化影响，使得饮食文化具有民族性和百般性。

随着中美各方面交流日益频繁，饮食文化的交流也愈加受到人们关注。

从精神文化角度分析饮食文化差异产生的根源，对于研究中美两国文化有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。

第二部分是正文部分，该部分包括以下三章：第一章介绍精神文化和物质文化的概念，并从精神文化角度分析中美饮食文化宏观差异——饮食理念的差异。

第二章首先从中美两个民族信仰角度对比分析中美饮食礼节文化，包括宴请时的座位安排和就餐顺序的差异。

其次分析民族信仰对于中美人民餐具文化发展和继承的影响。

第三章分析研究中美饮食文化差异对于跨文化交际的理论意义及对于举办涉美事务宴请的指导意义。

第三部分是结论部分，对全文进行了概括和总结。

本文通过从精神文化角度分析中美饮食文化差异，探究饮食文化在其继承和发展进程中差异产生的根源。

关键词：饮食文化；精神文化；交流AbstractFood culture is a very important subject of study in modern culture. It plays a crucial position in the process of history development of material culture. Because of different natural environment, historical background and national cultures, China and the United States formed unique food cultures. So, the analysis of the differences on food culture between China and the United States is necessary for the study of Chinese and American cultures. This thesis focuses on the contrastive study of differences on food culture between China and America and the spiritual factors of culture which cause the differences. Finally, the author elaborates the significance of studying differences on food culture between China and America in aspect of cross-cultural communication and holding banquets concerning American affairs.The thesis analyzes the differences on food culture between China and America from the stand of spiritual culture. The article includes three parts: an introduction, a body and a conclusion.In the introduction, eating is an essential prerequisite for existence. Therefore, food culture is an important aspect of material culture. However, by the influence of Chinese and American different spiritual cultures, food cultures have strong national character and diversity. With China and America increasingly frequent communication in all aspects, exchange in food culture is paid more attention. Analyzing the reasons for discrepancies on food culture from the stand of spiritual culture has very important theoretical significance and practical significance to studying Chinese and American cultures.The second part includes three aspects. In the first chapter, the author introduces the concepts of spiritual culture and material culture, and analyzes the macro differences on food culture between China and America from the stand of spiritual culture, which are the discrepancies on eating concepts. In the second chapter, firstly, it analyzes differences on Chinese and American etiquette culture which includes seats’ arranging and dinning orders in banquets from the stand of their national faith. Secondly, it compares the influence of national faith on the inheritance and development of Chinese and American dinnerware cultures. At last, it analyzes the theoretical significance to cross-cultural communication and the guiding significance to holding a banquet concerning American affairs through studying the differences on food culture between China and the United States.In the conclusion the whole thesis is generalized, through analyzing the differences on food culturebetween China and America from the stand of spiritual culture, the thesis studies the deep reasons for thediscrepancies occurrence in the process of the development and inheritance of food culture.Key words: food culture; spiritual culture; communication文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.Contents文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.IntroductionFood, as an essential prerequisite for existence, is any substance that provides the necessary nutrient to maintain life and growth when ingested. It plays an irreplaceable role in the development of society and in the progress of human beings. As human developed, people’s need s to food is not only limited to nutrition; the content of eating abounded gradually and eating food became a kind of culture. However, people living in different countries are influenced by respective natural environment, historical background and national culture. Then in the field of food culture, national discrepancies came into being. Although the discrepancies on food culture originated from certain historical factors, their inheritance and development was dominated by spiritual culture which has the subjective tendentiousness. (Hall, 1989) With the pace of economic globalization constantly marching, China and the United States come into contact increasingly frequently. The exchange of culture between China who is a booming developing country and United States who is a powerful country in the world is undoubtedly essential for both sides.Therefore, this study endeavors to analyze the cultural differences and their root causes in Chinese and American food cultures from the stand of spiritual culture. It helps people understand Chinese and American food cultures better. In the meanwhile, people can deeply learn each other’s faith, philosophical ideology and mode of thinking. It has quite important theoretical significance to the two nations’ cross-cultural communication and also has practical guiding significance to banquets concerning American affairs.文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. Chapter1 Differences on Concepts in Chineseand American Food Culture from the Stand of Spiritual CultureDiet concept represents people’s subjective view to their eating styles. The discrepancies on macro elements of food culture between China and the United States are dominated by the two nations’ spiritual cultures. So studying diet concepts from the stand of spiritual culture is fundamentally analyzing cultural discrepancies1.1. Spiritual Culture in National CultureNational culture is the culture with the national characteristics, which was created by nations and progressed in process of historical development. It includes spiritual culture and material culture.Spiritual culture (science, art, philosophy, religion, morality, customs and convention etc.) is a human specific ideology produced on the basis of production of human material culture. It is a collection of various human ideologies. Spiritual cultural superiority is the inheritance of genes of human culture, as well as it can continue to be perfect and abundant in practice. This is also the inherent motive power, which makes the spirit of human culture push the material culture forward.Material culture includes food, clothing, housing, production tools etc. In the culture system, material culture demonstrates spiritual culture and it is also restrained by spiritual culture. In brief, material culture is a reflection of a certain spiritual culture.Zeng Liya, a famous social science researcher, states in her dissertation On Constructing Contemporary Chinese Spiritual Culture, “Spiritual culture is a culture belonging to spirit, concept and ideology. It is a sum of spiritual achievement including mode of thinking, value orientation, ethic, mental state and aesthetic standard, all of which reflect the level of a national theoretical thinking and represent a certain national characteristics”. (Zeng, 2006) Therefore, food culture as an aspect of material culture forms and develops under the effect of different nations’ spiritual culture holding respective national distinguished feature. As time passed, every factor in food culture was labeled with national characteristics.1.2. Differences on Concepts in Chinese and American Food CulturesConcepts on food culture are formed in the process of cooking and eating. China and the United States have many differences in faith, philosophical ideology, mode of thinking and any other spiritual cultures. These differences affect Chinese and American eating habits more or less. With the advancement of history, people belonging to the two nations have formed quite different concepts on food cultures. It makes people have different understanding and eating styles in either family daily diets or large-scaledinner.Ostentation vs. SimplicityAn ostentatious feast is a common phenomenon in Chinese banquets. What should be considered first when Chinese hold a family banquet, celebration banquet or business banquet is ostentation. At a Chinese feast, the categories of food should be ample and various. Generally speaking, there should be seven or eight dishes, excluding cold-dishes, light refreshment before the dinner, dessert and staple food. The more various and luxurious the dish are, the more hospitable affection of the host can be shown to the gusts. In addition, in order to express the generosity, the host always prepares dishes much more than the amount that gusts can eat up.Chinese thoughts are influenced by a traditional conception that is being thrift at home, but being generous outside. In the final analysis, the traditional conception originated from Chinese “mianzi” culture. If we are trying to find an Engli sh word that is similar to Chinese “mianzi”, it is like face a little bit. But it is quite difficult to define the Chinese face culture. Chinese face culture plays a significant role in Chinese traditional spiritual culture. The origination of Chinese face culture is closely related to Rite advocated by Chinese Confucian culture. Rite is an ideal feudal social order preached by Confucianism, which requires civilians to comply with the principle that the poor and the wealth, the noble and the humble, the young and the old must live and behave strictly as their family status, social and political position. (李明英, 1997 ) It has obvious class character and distinctiveness. Because rite is the most important principles which restrict Chinese behavior, Chinese tend to do things as their identity and to show their so-called face. Analyzed from social psychology, face represents people’s social position and prestige. Chinese attach much importance to their face. Under this situation, holding an ostentatious banquet undoubtedly provides a platform or an opportunity to show off their success and maintain self-esteem for the sake of host’s face. Moreover, under the education of thought of Rite advocated by Confucian culture, a host show himself, and meanwhile, should express their sufficient respect to guests. Therefore, the grade of a banquet can reveal the degree of attention paid by the host. A simple feast always conveys such information that the host merely pays little attention to the friendship with the guests and looks down on the guests.Compared with Chinese food culture that is ostentatious and full of implication, American food culture is simpler and more casual. An American-style banquet has three steps. The first step is drinking soup, which help diners to stimulate appetite. The second step, also the most important and delicious step, is enjoying the main courses, including steak, pork chops, toasted beef, vegetables, ham and even grilled lobster. The third step is eating some dessert. An American banquet will serve various desserts, such ascakes, pies, ice-cream and some fresh fruit. Compared with Chinese ostentation, the American-style banquet is much simpler. Furthermore, American daily food is also monotonous, especially American fast-food.American party is typical representative of American food culture. In a party, the host just provides guests with beverage and some simple food. The main course will not be served. Actually, in American concept, the party is a meeting for communication rather than a get-together for eating. Americans take the party as an opportunity to communicate with each other, cement relationship and make new friends with people of different classes and circumstance. Under this atmosphere, eating is inevitable, but it becomes a kind of medium but not the main point. So what should be attached importance is to how to construct a free, comfortable, harmonious environment for the guests, and make sure that everyone will enjoy pleasant time and leave with a happy mood.United States is a typical immigration country. The U.S. developed from original 13 British colonies. Apart from the minority of landed aristocracies and privileged businessmen, the majority of people were born of lower classes. The reasons for the Europeans’ coming are mul tifarious. Among them, some escaped from persecution or natural disaster, some pursued religious freedom and better lives, there were also many people holing a gold rush dream of making fortune. In pursuit of ideal life in every pathfinder’s heart, Christi an culture became their food of the spirit and also a criterion to instruct people’s ideology and action. As opposed to Chinese Rite which characterized by social estate system, that everyone is equal is one of the main spirits of Christianity. Americans d o not take a luxurious feast as a demonstration of the host’s hospitableness and showing off. They prefer to treat guests with simple but exquisite dishes in a relaxed and equal atmosphere without restraining of discrepancy between the host’s and the gusts’ status. In America, aiming at making guests feel unconstraint, people always serve simply and say: “be my guest.”Emotionalism vs. RationalismChina is a country attaching great importance to food culture. It makes Chinese understanding to eating has gone beyond the basic concept that eating food is in order to provide necessary energy for the survival of living things. For Chinese who own cultural heritage for 5 thousand years have sufficient time to give eating more abundant connotation. Chinese put the taste of food in an important position very early. They eat mainly for tastes but not nutrition. Chinese think that a course with high quality must meets 5 essential elements, including color, smell, taste, appearance and mouth feel.（蒋艳, 2007）First, color is color matching of ingredients. Next, smell can stimulate people’s olfactory feeling, therebyaffecting eating behavior. Following is the beauty of flavor that is the core of Chinese food. The forth, beauty of appearance needs art to decorate. The last, mouth feel means feelings of one’s mouth when chewing dishes, lik e soft, crisp, smooth and so on.Chinese advocate philosophical theory that man is an integral part of nature. In layman’s terms, human can communicates with nature and feel emotions of nature. Under instruction of this philosophy, Chinese pay more attention to tastes and the spiritual enjoyment of eating. Therefore, in Chinese eating concept, the emotional pursuit of food obviously overwhelms the rational pursuit.In addition, Chinese traditional mode of thinking manifests early subject consciousness and strong emotional factors. It is good at intuitive thinking and inner experience but poor at logical thinking in abstract form. As a result, Chinese understanding of objective things is oriented by emotion. Chinese take eating as a medium of emotional communication. In China, weddings, giving birth, celebrating festivals, commemorating, holding welcoming and farewell party and funeral can not do without eating. In the occasions, eating is no longer to satisfy the appetite, but it is looked on as a down-lead to promote expression and exchange of mutual emotions. It can be said, eating runs throughout all areas of life. It is not only an necessary aspect of human existing, it also impact on pe ople’s psychology, emotion and behavior in varying degrees, thereby constituting interesting phenomenon of food culture. Consequently, the Chinese diet focuses on emotions.As opposed to Chinese food concept, American food culture is rational. In the diet, Americans lay stress on food nutritive value and as far as possible to keep the original flavor and inartificial nutrition. They do not care too much about the color, smell, taste and beauty of appearance. Even if the tastes are stereotyped, they can also eat with keen pleasure. Americans always adhere to practicality of meals. They eat for nutrition, seldom linking eating with spiritual enjoyment. No matter what the mouth feel like, rich nutrition must be guaranteed.Most early American immigrants came from Europe. So, it was deeply influenced by western culture. Western culture originated from the Aegean Sea located in northeast of the Mediterranean. Because the natural means of livelihood provided by the birth land were deficient, people must strive to explore the mysteries of nature, and to get the wealth from the natural world as much as possible. From then on, exploiting and utilizing natural resources forthe sake of human benefits had become the mainstream of the European spirit. The desire to explore and conquer the natural world promoted the birth of the natural sciences. In the process of conquering nature and cultivating a scientific consciousness, westerners emphasized the development of rational thought, and then rationalism became the typical characteristics. Westerners specialize in the use of rational thinking. They mainly depend on rational thinking to judge the objective things. Accordingly, by the influence of people oriented philosophical ideology American dietary concept tends to rationalism.In contrast to Chinese, Americans eat mainly for nutritive value but not for mental requirement. Rational mode of thinking makes Americans consider things more practical and realistic. They prefer to be a nutrition-seeker rather than over pursue spiritual enjoyment like Chinese.Sharism vs. IndividualismSharism is the main point of Chinese emotional exchange around the table. In China, a banquet, no matter what the purpose is, there is only one form that all the people sit around a round table and share a feast with pairs of chopsticks and spoons. Using a round table creates an atmosphere of unity, courtesy, sharing bliss in form. Delicious dishes are put in the center of a table. It is not only foodstuff appreciated and tasted by eater, but also a vehicle on which people depend to communicate feelings. People toast and persuade dished each other to reflect mutual respect, the virtues of comity and harmony. This sharing mode plays a role within a family to maintain family stability and promote unity and harmony of family members. If outside the family, it helps to exchange feelings and build up friendly relations with acquaintances. Although, considered from health, this kind of diet has obvious disadvantages, but it accords with Chinese national common idea of happy reunion and sharism under relationship-culture that is impacted by Chinese Confucianism.China is a unique relationship-society. Every member of society is connected by an invisible network of relationship between family, relatives and clan. All individuals covered by the network of relationship become a collective. Sharism comes to be a guiding ideology to reinforce the cohesion of a collective. This ideology can be traced back thousands of years ago, which originates from Confucianism in China. Confucianism advocates regulating family first, and then administering a country. So, homemaking is the premise of governing-things. In the society under instruction of this ideology, people rely on relationships within groups inorder to get help from others’ connected in the network. Simultaneously, individuals must be loyal to a collective. As time passes, the network founded by the smallest unit, a family, expands with the increasing of individuals’ social intercourse scope. Countless networks cover the whole society, and then a relationship-society is set up. However, in a group, each individual has a unique personality of thinking, which makes the relationship have some instable factors. In thinking about how to deal with these uncertainties to consolidate and maintain their networks, sharism came into being. A thought of sharing bliss takes root in the spiritual world of Chinese. When it is applied to food culture, Chinese unique eating concept stands out.American-style banquets advocate individual dining system. First, one orders dishes whatever he wants just for himself. It shows American respects to personality. After dishes are served, people start to eat what he ordered. They are free to add any seasoning. Generally, the second dish is eaten when people finished eating the first. Eating mixed two dishes seldom happens. All the habits highlight American food culture emphasizing individualism. Important as food and wine are, they are merely served as a foil to a banquet. Making friends is the real core of a banquet. People talk with neighboring guests with the purpose of their desire to make friends.Compared with China, the most obvious discrepancy of eating style is American popular buffet. Buffet is completely displaying all the dishes. Everyone takes whatever dish he wants. Guests eat with freedom and they can walk around instead of sitting on a fixed seat. This style facilitates the emotional exchange between individuals. People do not need to present all words to others who have nothing to do with the private topic.American eating-style shows their respect to individual and personality, and emphasizes the independence and autonomy of the individual. Early immigrants came from their native land to this uncivilized wilderness. Only the immigrants who were strong, resolute and independent could survive in such harsh environment. In addition, early North American colonists were British. Most of them were Puritans. An important goal for their arriving in this continent was to get rid of feudal oppression, to pursuit freedom of speech and life. (Neuliep, 2000) It is the reason that American forms the spirits of loving independence and freedom. This American spiritual preference is the mainly root that results in the individualism in American food culture.To sum up, if we compare American and Chinese banquets to dance, it can be said that Chinese banquets is like a collective dance, while American banquet is like a social dance performed by a male and a female. Thus, both Chinese and American banquet aim at making friends, but their ways to dancing are different.Chapter2 Eating Conventions under Different National Spiritual Culture BackgroundBetween China and the United States, in addition to differences of concept in macro part, there are many detailed differences in eating conventions. It comprises dining etiquette, dinnerware and many other habits. Based on different faith and culture origins, two nations form distinctive spiritual cultures. The development of material culture depends on guidance of spiritual culture. Therefore, the differences on eating conventions have inextricable connection with the discrepancy of spiritual culture.2.1. The Etiquette of Chinese and American Food CultureChina has a well name of “A Nation of Etiquette”. Devoting particular care to etiquette is Chinese traditional virtue. (Hu Wenzhong, 1988) So in terms of food culture, Chinese eating etiquette has very strict requirements. For Americans who pays more attention to the parties’ environment, good dining etiquette is a basic condition of the environment to ensure the high quality banquet. However, due to historical culture, religious traditions and many other effects, two nations have different modes of thinking in spiritual culture, which results in differences on dining etiquette.In ancient China, there is a set of customs. When lots of people ate together, each individual should not merely care of himself. People did not put extra food back into the pot or occupy only one course. Some of the etiquette is essential in modern manners. In United States banquets, the host put food on the plates of their guests only once. People do not urge each other to drink. It is impolite to make any noise, when eating and drink. But guests should appreciate food prepared by the host.In addition to these minutiae of dining etiquette with increasingly frequent cross-cultural communication, the most serious collision of dining etiquette of two nations are the arrangement of seats and dining orders.Arrangement of SeatsIn a formal banquet, the arrangement of seats should be paid much attention. People’s concept of position is not inherited but achieve from cultural environment for growth. Therefore, under different spiritual culture backgrounds, people’s need to position, communicating rules about position as well as value embodied in position are different. Seats arranging in Chinese banquets, seats facing southern side are considered as the mosthonorable seats, and seats towards north are relatively humble. It is closely linked with Chinese traditional culture. In Chinese history, originally, emperors utilized the theory of Divine right of kings to dominate people’s thought in order to administer state affairs well and ensure national security. Afterwards, Confucianism enters the stage of history freshly. Confucian ethics of fortified hierarchy was adopted by emperors to rule the people. In ancient Chinese dynasty, when the emperor deliberated over politics affairs with ministers, the emperor should sit towards south and ministers stand facing north. As a result, people regarded south as the honorable direction and the north as the humble. Gradually, this south-honored thought spread out of the Forbidden City and was accepted by populace. As time passed, when people consider the seats arrangement, facing south was the best option. Obviously, it also works in the seat arrangement in Chinese banquets.Differing from south-honored thought in China, people in the United States adhere to the right-respected principle in seat arrangement. In American banquets, honorable guests are always arranged in the host’s right seats. Most American early immigrants were Puritans from western countries. They believed in Jesus Christ and were deeply influenced by Christian culture. Bible as the Christian classic masterpiece was significant way to do missionary work. It is said in Bible that Jesus resurrected on the third day after his death. He sited on the right of the God. (Davis, 2001) Theological significance of the right is a winner’s place. In the course of the Christian missionary work, the right-respected idea rooted in each follower’s heart and ultimately became the principle which Americans relied on to arrange seats in banquets.Because of different faith, Chinese and American are different in banquet seats’arrangement. Bound by the feudal Confucian ethical code, Chinese comply with south-honored thought; Americans who believe in Christianity show special preference to right side.Dining OrdersWhat is the most impacted by the spiritual culture is the discrepancy on dining orders. China has a long history of feudal society. By the restriction of feudal ethics, in the male-dominated society, Chinese women burden the oppression of “san cong si de”. (It is an excessive requirement to morality, behavior and cultivation in the women’s entire life, which originated from Confucianism.) An ideology that man is superior to woman had rooted inChinese heart. In Chinese banquets, the female are often arranged sitting together. The male host should be the first to eat. Meanwhile, respecting eldership is the essence of Chinese morality. Since ancient time, Chinese emperors depended on filial piety to govern country. Therefore, if there is an elder attending a banquet, it should start with dining behavior of the elder.In the U.S., the principle of lady first is people’s t raditional concept and significant behavioral pattern. The origin of this principle can be traced to western main religion, Christianity. It spread into the U.S. following the step of British colonizing 13 states of American continent. In Christianity, Vrigin Mary, the mother of Jesus, holds in esteem and high respect. Christian thinks that the view and action of respecting women is a noble virtue. In the United States, the men take lady-first as a principle to be a gentleman. A banquet should begin with th e female host’s dining and end up with her leaving the table.The formation of Chinese man-first and American lady-first attributes to their different faiths. Acted on eating conventions, it results in their distinct dining orders in banquets. In sum, discrepancies in the two important aspects in etiquette formed by the influence of faith. One is the faith to culture and the other is the faith to religion. No matter what faith is about, they all belong to spiritual culture and instruct Chinese and American actions.2.2. Dinnerware: Chinese Chopsticks vs. American Knife and FolkDinnerware consists of containers and tools used for distributing and getting food. For a variety of factors, dinnerware used by countries all over the world is different. Among them, chopsticks culture represented by China and knife-and-folk culture represented by western countries including the United States have the biggest discrepancy. Chopsticks and knife-and-folk play a quite important role in their respective development of social culture. They embody distinct and unique cultural atmosphere. They have closely connection with social history and life of spiritual culture and form a kind of special cultural symbols and a unique cultural phenomenon in both China and the United States.Chopsticks are necessary dinnerware in Chinese daily life. Except drinking soup, chopsticks are almost omnipotent tools on the table. It is hailed as the world’s most difficult eating tools to master. Its origin can be traced back 3000 years ago. In the early stage, Chinese used hands to put the food into mouths. Afterwards, because people could not take hot food directly in hands, they began utilizing bamboo pole to hold food. China has always been a big。

《中美饮食文化差异及其教学研究》篇一一、引言饮食文化是各国民俗风情的重要组成部分，也是世界文化多样性的重要体现。

中美两国作为东西方文化的代表，其饮食文化具有显著的差异。

本文旨在探讨中美饮食文化的差异，并对其在教学研究中的应用进行深入分析。

二、中美饮食文化的差异1. 食材选择中国饮食文化以食材的丰富多样著称，如各类海鲜、蔬菜、豆制品等。

而在美国，虽然也注重食材的新鲜与品质，但其饮食文化更倾向于利用肉类、奶制品等食材。

这种差异源于两国的自然环境、气候条件以及农业发展水平等因素。

2. 烹饪方式中国烹饪方式多样，包括炒、炖、煮、蒸等，注重色、香、味、形的统一。

而美国烹饪方式则以烤、炸、炒等为主，更注重食物的口感和营养价值。

这种差异反映了中美的饮食观念和生活习惯的不同。

3. 调味品使用中国菜讲究调味，善于利用各种调味品，如酱油、醋、辣椒、姜、蒜等，使食物味道丰富多变。

而美国菜则更注重食物的原味和口感，调味品使用相对较少。

这种差异体现了中美的饮食文化和饮食习惯的差异。

三、教学研究针对中美饮食文化的差异，教学研究可以从以下几个方面展开：1. 跨文化交流与理解通过学习中美饮食文化，可以增进两国人民之间的相互了解和友谊。

在教学中，可以引导学生了解不同国家的饮食文化特点，培养其跨文化交流的能力。

2. 教学方法与策略在教学过程中，可以采用多种教学方法和策略，如案例分析、实地考察、互动交流等，使学生更好地理解和掌握中美饮食文化的差异。

同时，可以结合多媒体教学资源，如图片、视频等，使学生更加直观地了解不同国家的饮食文化。

3. 实践与应用学生可以通过参加烹饪课程、实习等方式，亲身体验不同国家的饮食文化，将所学知识应用到实践中。

这不仅可以提高学生的实践能力，还可以为其未来的职业发展打下坚实的基础。

四、结论中美饮食文化的差异是两国文化差异的重要体现，也是世界文化多样性的重要组成部分。

通过教学研究，我们可以更好地了解和掌握中美饮食文化的差异，增进两国人民之间的相互了解和友谊。

从霍夫斯泰德理论视角下看中美饮食文化差异饮食文化是人类饮食行为、观念、技术及其产品的总和，是人类自然选择、约定俗成的同自然界与人文环境相适应的饮食生活方式。

中关文化之间的差异造就了中关饮食文化的差异。

本文基于霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，选取差异较大的四个维度对中关两国的饮食文化差异进行对比研究。

标签：饮食文化；文化维度；对比研究中国饮食有着悠久的文化，其博大精深，影响深远，是中华民族的优秀文化遗产。

而美国是个大熔炉，多受移民文化影响，饮食博采众长，并结合自身饮食习惯，形成自己独特的饮食文明。

中美文化之间的差异造就了中美饮食文化的差异，对二者饮食文化差异的比较，不仅有助于人们了解彼此饮食文化的不同方面，在求同存异的同时，有效应对跨文化交际遇到的交际障碍甚至交际冲突。

1.霍夫斯泰德理论迈仑·卢西替戈和约利尼·凯斯特勒认为，文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，行为准则以及社会规范的公认的解释，这些对人类群体的行为产生影响。

每个国家都有自己独特的文化。

霍夫斯泰德将文化模式分为五个文化维度：个人主义与集体主义；不确定性规避；权力距离；男性文化与女性文化；长期取向与短期取向。

重点解释以下几个维度：个人主义与集体主义维度是衡量社会文化关注个人利益或是集体利益的程度。

在倾向个人主义的社会中人们做决定都是以是否满足个人利益为准，人与人之间的关系比较淡薄，倾向于关心自己以及小家庭；而具有集体主义倾向的社会则认为集体利益重于个人利益，注重集体内部关系，关心大家庭，而个人则必须绝对忠诚于给自己提供保护的集体，必须有牺牲个人利益保全集体刊益的决心。

权利距离维度用于衡量一个社会能够接受组织的权利在各成员之间不平等分配的程度。

权力距离较高的国家，社会成员倾向于尊重权威，社会中普遍存在较强的等级概念；而权力距离较低的国家，人们崇尚的是独立的价值观，更加看重人与人之间的平等和自由，社会中等级概念较弱。

男性文化与女性文化维度中，对于男性度较高的社会，两性的社会性别角色区别较大，社会竞争激烈，男人自信、坚强、注重物质成就，女人谦逊、温柔、关注生活质量；男性度较低即女性度较高的文化中两性的社会性别角色相互叠交，男人和女人都表现得谦逊、恭顺、负责任，关注生活质量，鼓励男女平等。

中美饮食文化差异一、饮食观念不同中国有句俗语：“民以食为天”，从这句话我们就能看出吃在中国人心目中的地位，他们将饮食的追求作为人生至乐追求。

在世界规模内，中国人的食谱可以堪称是相当普遍了。

天上飞的，地上跑的，水里游的，但凡能吃的都会拿来吃。

据专家研讨，中国人吃的蔬菜品种是西方人的六倍多，在烹饪进程中，中国人注重色香味俱全，其次才是营养的搭配。

中国饮食之所以有其独特的魅力，关键就在于它的味。

中国烹饪讲究的调和之美，是中国烹饪艺术的精要之处。

菜点的形和色是外在的东西，而味却是内在的东西，重内在而不刻意修饰外表，重菜肴的味而不过分展露菜肴的形和色，这正是中国美性饮食观的最重要的表现。

对比注重“味”的中国饮食，美国人注重的则是理性饮食观念，不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。

即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因为有营养。

在各种厚味佳肴凑集的同时，美国人更看好的是与效率相干的适用主义。

他们的实用主义重要体现在以下多少个方面：首先是健康方面。

美国人越来越意识到健康饮食对身材的重要性，现在的美国人也在逐渐地阔别“垃圾食物”。

其次是金钱方面。

在吃穿住行之中，美国人更乐意在穿住行以及游览、娱乐方面多投入些，而在吃方面破费的较少。

最后是快捷和方便。

“时间就是金钱”原来就是西方社会文化典型特点之一，再加之生涯节奏快、单亲家庭多等原因，美国人广泛不大乐意在家中做饭。

二、日常饮食特点比较中国饮食以其工艺高深、工序完全、流程谨严、烹调办法庞杂多变等特点在世界构成了独具特色的饮食文化。

在中国人的日常饮食中，主食以米、面和杂粮为主。

菜肴以畜、禽、蔬菜、水产品、海产品和干货为主。

食物制造上注重荤素搭配，主辅搭配，及色、香、味、型、质、养等的有机组合。

注重因时、因地、因人而变，讲究五味协调，强调食疗、食养，以适口者为上。

烹饪方式变化较多，常见的烹饪二三十种之多；调味讲究变化，注重原料的本味施展，即所谓“有味使之出，无味使之入”；菜式变更丰富，普遍实施三餐制。

中美饮食文化差异及其教学研究饮食文化作为民族文化的重要组成部分，反映了一个国家的历史、地理、民俗、信仰等多方面的特点。

中美两个文化背景迥异的国家，其饮食文化自然也存在着显著的差异。

本文将探讨中美饮食文化的差异，并基于教学研究的角度，探讨如何在中美文化教学中更好地处理饮食文化差异。

一、主食差异中美两国的主食文化有着明显的差异。

中国人以米饭和面食为主食，而美国人则以面包、米饭、土豆等为主食。

由于饮食习惯的不同，中美两国人种也有所不同。

中国人民的身材普遍比较苗条，而美国人则普遍较胖。

这与两国人的饮食主食选择有一定的关联。

在教学中，应该通过呈现中美主食文化差异的方式，培养学生对于不同饮食习惯的理解和尊重，同时也可以通过合理安排饮食来加强对于健康饮食的教育。

二、饮食方式差异中国人有“三餐不可少”的习惯，每天进餐的时间固定且讲究。

而在美国，人们更倾向于随时进食，三餐固定的概念相对较少。

此外，中美两国的餐桌礼仪也存在着差异。

中国人注重食物的摆放和颜色的搭配，美国人则注重用餐的效率和便利。

在教学中，我们可以通过饮食方式的讨论，加深学生对于中美饮食文化差异的认识，并引导学生更好地进行跨文化交流。

三、食材选择差异中美两国的饮食食材选择也存在着显著差异。

中国饮食讲究根据季节选择食材，强调补养和医食同源；而美国的饮食则更加多样化，注重蛋白质、蔬菜、水果的摄入。

此外，中美两国的烹饪方式也存在着差异，中国人偏向于炒、煮、炖，美国人则更倾向于烤、煮、炸。

在教学中，我们可以通过对食材选择和烹饪方式的比较，培养学生对于不同饮食文化的理解和尊重，并推广健康的饮食习惯。

四、餐桌礼仪差异中美两国的餐桌礼仪也存在着差异。

中国人重视和谐共处，在用餐时有着明确的规矩和礼仪，如尊重长辈先行用餐，禁止发出吧唧声等。

而美国人的餐桌礼仪相对较为松散，注重用餐效率。

在教学中，我们可以通过对餐桌礼仪的对比，培养学生尊重和包容不同文化的意识，同时加强对于礼仪的培养。

浅谈中美饮食文化差异论文一、中美饮食文化特点1.中国饮食文化特点。

中国饮食文化由于受不同因素的影响，它呈现出了不同的特点。

首先，它有明显的地域性。

不同的区域形成了不同的饮食体系。

最著名的是中国的八大菜系—鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、徽。

其次，它有着季节性。

此外，它还具有药食结合的特点。

中国人常常通过食疗的方法去预防和治疗疾病。

最后中国的饮食还强调了审美的要求，例如用胡萝卜等雕刻出花朵、鸟等各种造型去修饰装点饭菜。

总之，中国菜讲究色香味俱全。

2.美国饮食文化特点。

美国是一个移民国家，它通过来自不同移民国家之间的历史、文化、宗教的碰撞形成了自己特别的饮食文化。

与中国饮食文化相比，美国饮食文化最大的特点在于它更多地注重营养的搭配，而并不注重味觉的享受。

例如美國人为了避免对食物的营养成分造成破坏，他们宁愿吃生食或者半熟食，而不愿意吃被加工过的食物。

二、中美饮食文化差异1.饮食观念差异。

中国人秉承着“泛食主义”，即他们认为吃不仅是为了保持健康也是为了追求美好的味觉享受。

在许多情况下，中国人喜欢把许多事情与吃联系起来。

例如见面打招呼常常问：“吃了吗”？结婚、晋升、搬家、过都会请吃饭。

在中国人看来“吃”是表达喜怒哀乐最好的方法。

而食物加工的五种主要方式，超过十种以上的刀工都体现了中国人追求美的饮食观。

除了以上两种饮食观，在中国，集体主义的价值观也体现在饮食文化中，例如一盘菜上桌后，中国人会集体分享它。

用餐结束后也会争抢着去付钱。

美国人认为吃只是为了维持生命。

因此他们有着理性的饮食观，即营养才是衡量饮食的标准，而不是饭菜是否美观。

因此他们的很多菜不论怎么搭配，都基本只有一种加工方法，例如牛肉。

这虽然死板，但是考虑到了营养和健康的食物搭配，它也是一种理性的饮食观。

此外，个人主义是美国的主要价值观，它也体现在饮食文化上。

在饭桌上，每个都会有自己的一份食物，而不是集体分一盘菜。

餐后也常常采用AA制的方法付钱。

2.饮食内容差异。

【浅谈文化自信】文化角度浅谈中西饮食差异中国和以欧洲美国为代表的西方国家，在地理环境、历史文化、宗教信仰等发面差异较大。

在不同的地理环境、历史文化、名族特征、宗教信仰和生活习惯下，造成了中西方饮食文化之间的差异。

这种差异是显而易见的，也是地理、历史、文化发展和影响的结果，变现了一个民族，一个国家的特征。

一、中西方饮食观念的不同中国历史文化古老，长期以来饮食方面主要以农作物谷类居多，在菜的采用上也就是以蔬菜居多，肉类辅以。

饮食文化就是中国文化中的一个关键部分，从各个节日食用相同事物就能够窥见，中国节日很重吃的方面，每个节日都存有特定的代表事物。

比如：春节的饺子，元宵节的汤圆，端午节的宗旨，中秋节的月饼等。

相同的节日所喝的食物同，但都存有特定的含义，都代表着人们幸福的心愿，从节日上相同的饮食来看，中国人过节喝的不是食品，就是一种希望美好的寓意，就是“吉祥如意，美好长久”。

而西方在节日饮食方面与中国差异很大，西方在过节时著重的就是活动仪式，饮食只是须要，与日常生活没什么区别。

中国饮食其注重的是食物的色、香、味、形、质。

对食物本身的外在要求很高，颜色的搭配要求色全，搭配自然美观；香是指香味，要求香味逼人，引起人的食物和联系；味便是菜口感、味道，中国饮食的核心，要求高于其他；形的美感，菜的造型要运用美术手段加以装饰，使菜肴造成形象，赋予寓意；质，是指营养质量、卫生质量、烹饪技术等；也是指以触感、口感为对象的松、软、脆、嫩、酥滑、爽等质地美感，也就是食物的“质地”。

中国人对饮食的要求可以说的对美的追求，所以中国饮食文化是一种美性的饮食文化。

但并不注重营养的搭配和摄入，这是中国饮食文化的一个不足，中国人吃饭只是要求好看又好吃，享受口福，而不去想营养和能量是多少，缺乏科学饮食。

相对中国美性的饮食文化，西方饮食观念与其恰好相反，就是一种理性的、科学的饮食观念。

西方人在饮食方面并不追求食物的色、香、味、形的完美，相反特别注重食物的营养价值，在饮食时保证摄入足够而又不多余的营养，同时尽量保持食物的原汁原味和天然营养。

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中西方文化差异例子
1. 饮食文化：中国饮食文化注重色、香、味、形的完美结合，强调菜肴的口感和烹饪技巧。

而西方饮食文化则更注重营养均衡和食物的原汁原味，强调生食、沙拉和烤肉等。

2. 家庭观念：中国传统文化中，家庭观念非常重要，尊老爱幼、孝道等价值观在社会中得到广泛认同。

而在西方文化中，个人主义较为突出，家庭成员之间的关系相对独立。

3. 礼仪文化：在中国，礼仪文化源远流长，人们在社交场合非常注重礼仪，如尊老爱幼、谦虚有礼等。

而西方文化中，礼仪相对简单，更强调平等和直接的表达。

4. 教育观念：中国教育观念注重学术成绩和考试分数，学生在学习过程中承受较大的压力。

而西方教育观念更注重培养学生的创造力、批判性思维和实践能力，鼓励学生发展个性。

5. 时间观念：在中国文化中，时间观念相对灵活，人们更注重人际关系和情感交流。

而在西方文化中，时间观念较为严格，人们注重效率和准时性。

这些只是中西方文化差异的一些例子，实际上还有许多其他方面的差异。

了解和尊重这些差异有助于促进跨文化交流与理解。

跨文化视角下中西方饮食文化的差异及融合饮食文化是一个国家或地区的文化特征之一，它反映了人们的生活方式、价值观和社会习俗。

中西方饮食文化因为地理、历史、宗教和传统等因素的不同，呈现出明显的差异。

然而，在全球化的背景下，中西方饮食文化也在逐渐融合，互相影响，形成了新的风貌。

本文将从跨文化的视角探讨中西方饮食文化的差异及融合。

一、中西方饮食文化的差异1. 饮食习惯中西方饮食习惯的差异主要体现在用餐时间、用餐方式和饮食结构上。

在西方国家，早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，通常包括面包、麦片、牛奶和咖啡等。

而在中国，午餐和晚餐是最重要的两餐，通常包括米饭、面条、蔬菜和肉类等。

此外，西方人习惯用刀和叉进食，而中国人则习惯用筷子。

2. 食材选择中西方饮食文化的差异还体现在食材的选择上。

在西方国家，肉类和奶制品是主要的食材，而蔬菜和水果则作为配菜。

相比之下，中国人更加注重谷物、豆类和蔬菜的摄入，肉类和鱼类则作为主食。

此外，中国人还喜欢食用海鲜和豆制品，而西方人则更加偏爱奶制品和面包。

3. 烹饪方式中西方饮食文化的差异还表现在烹饪方式上。

在西方国家，烹饪通常采用烤、煮、炸等方法，追求食材的原汁原味。

而中国的烹饪方式则更加注重火候和调味，常见的烹饪方法包括炒、煮、蒸和炖等。

二、中西方饮食文化的融合1. 西方食材在中国的应用随着全球化的发展，越来越多的西方食材进入中国市场，并被融入中国的饮食文化中。

例如，西方的奶制品如奶酪、黄油和酸奶在中国的消费市场逐渐扩大。

此外，西方的烘焙食品如面包、蛋糕和饼干也受到了中国消费者的喜爱。

2. 中西方烹饪技巧的交流中西方饮食文化的融合还体现在烹饪技巧的交流上。

中国的炒菜技巧和西方的烤肉技巧相结合，创造出了烤串、烤鸭等美食。

同时，西方的烹饪技巧也在中国得到了广泛的应用，如西餐厅的开设和西式烹饪的普及。

3. 中西方餐饮文化的融合中西方饮食文化的融合还表现在餐饮文化的交流上。

越来越多的中餐馆和西餐厅在全球范围内开设，为消费者提供了更多选择。