野草两个翻译版本的对比
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2012年第·1期太原城市职业技术学院学报Journal of TaiYuan Urban Vocational college期总第126期Ja n2012[摘要]当代翻译家刘士聪先生十分喜爱且擅长散文的翻译,并认为译者在翻译时要字斟句酌,竭力传达原文的“韵味”。
论文将对《野草》两个英译本(张培基译和刘士聪译)进行比较研究,从中可以看出。
刘士聪的译本由于采用了恰当的翻译技法,因而使得译文最大程度地传达了原文的“韵味”。
[关键词]韵味;整体氛围;音响节奏;个性化语言;翻译技法[中图分类号]H315.9[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1673-0046(2012)1-0174-02《野草》英译中“韵味”传达的技法探析吕冰(安阳师范学院外国语学院,河南安阳455002)中国当代著名翻译家刘士聪教授多年从事汉英翻译,既译小说,也译散文。
他钟爱散文的翻译且佳译连篇,成绩斐然。
通过长期的翻译实践和体验,他在继承前人理论的基础上,进一步发展了文学翻译的“韵味”说。
与此同时,他将自己倡导的理论付诸实践,将散文英译中“韵味”的传达作为自己孜孜不倦的追求,从而使这一理论在实践中得到印证、深化和完善。
他凭借深厚的文学素养、扎实的语言功底,以一篇篇精彩的译文向世人证实了所谓“韵味”并非只可意会不可言传。
在散文英译中“韵味”的传达也是有技法可循的。
一、“韵味”说的“三要素”在进行文学创作时,作者因心有所感,把自己的精神境界、思想情操和审美志趣,以语言为媒介,倾注于作品之中,使作品产生一种审美韵味。
这种“韵味(artis tic fla vor)”就是作品的艺术内涵,有待读者在阅读的过程中去领悟和感受,并能与作者产生美感共鸣。
在进行文学翻译时,译者经过阅读和分析原文,感悟到作者的精神境界、思想情操和审美志趣,产生与作者类似的审美经验和审美感受,然后用另外一种语言将其表达出来,传达给译文读者。
怎样才能将原文的“韵味”在译文里传译出来,他具体提出了三个要素:首先是“整体氛围(te xtual atmosphere)”。
内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)2010年第3期(第12卷 总第51期) J o u r n a l o f I n n e r M o n g o l i a A g r i c u l t u r a l U n i v e r s i t y(S o c i a l S c i e n c e E d i t i o n)N o.3 2010(V o l.12 S u mN o.51)从奈达的对等理论来对比赏析夏衍《野草》的两个英译本*○ 温明生,冯 妍(浙江工商大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310018)摘 要:夏衍的散文《野草》的两个英译文本(张培基和刘士聪译)都是脍炙人口的佳作,但二者在遣词造句、句式结构、叙述角度上又各有特色,各有自己的风格。
本文试着运用奈达的对等理论,主要从语义选择、译作风格与原作风格的契合度这两方面来评析两个英译本。
关键词:对等理论;语义选择;译作风格;原作风格中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-4458(2010)03-0361-02 一、引言 1.《野草》《野草》是夏衍写于抗战时期的一篇寓理散文。
它运用象征手法,以看似很弱小而实际生命力异常顽强的小草,来比喻在艰难的国运(艰苦卓绝的抗日战争)面前仍怀有必胜信念的人们,进而鼓舞勇士们坚持战斗,最终迎来光明。
文章语言朴素、简练,行文流畅,语篇衔接紧凑,逻辑性强,寓理深刻,富有很强的说服力。
因此,译者想贴切传神地译出文章真义,确实要下一番苦功夫。
2.奈达的对等理论概述奈达对等翻译理论的基本观点是逐渐形成的。
1964年,奈达提出“动态对等”的观点,认为动态对等翻译是“原语信息的最近似的自然对等值”(1964,166)。
1969年,他又将翻译定义为“接受语复制原语信息的近似的对等。
首先在意义方面,其次在文体方面”(1969,12)。
奈达的观点着重强调在译入语中复制出和译出语信息意义和风格最相近的自然对等物。
最早的鲁迅《野草》的英译文——冯文洛的三篇《野草》译作钩沉邓小红摘要:本文新发现的冯文洛译自鲁迅《野草》中的三篇散文诗《聪明人和傻子和奴才》《立论》《墓碣文》系迄今见到的鲁迅作品翻译史上最早的《野草》英译文,填补了20世纪20年代至40年代鲁迅《野草》英译文未有刊发的空白。
三篇译文原载1927年私立毓文中学校刊《毓文周刊》第217期、219期、225期,对于鲁迅文本的翻译和传播研究具有颇为珍稀的翻译史价值和史料文献价值。
关于冯文洛的这三篇英文译作,学术界至今未有论及。
民国时期私立中学校刊的史料文献价值也有待研究者进一步关注。
关键词:鲁迅;《野草》;英译文;冯文洛;《毓文周刊》鲁迅将发表于1924年至1926年《语丝》周刊上的23篇随感,外加一篇《题辞》结集为散文诗《野草》,交由北新书局于1927年7月出版。
两个月后,《毓文周刊》便相继刊载了冯文洛译自鲁迅《野草》的三篇散文诗《聪明人和傻子和奴才》《立论》《墓碣文》的英译文:“The Clever Man,the Fool and the Slave”原载1927年9月3日《毓文周刊》第217期;“The Proper Attitude”原载1927年9月17日《毓文周刊》第219期;“The Inscription on a Gravestone"原载1927年10月29日《毓文周刊》第225期。
《毓文周刊》第219期目录中显示的题名“《〈野草〉英译》(二)”之后,署名冯文洛。
三篇英译文,前两篇以“冯文洛”的英文缩写署名,后一篇署名为“文洛”,由是可知三篇译文均由“冯文洛”完成。
20年代中后期,冯文洛以翻译鲁迅《野草》诗文的方式参与了楚图南、何霭人较早在东北地区展开的对于鲁迅作品的评介与传播活动。
据现有资料,本文发掘的冯文洛的三篇译作是鲁迅作品翻译史上最早的关于《野草》的英文译作。
其中,《聪明人和傻子和奴才》一篇译文又是由中国人最早翻译的鲁迅作品的英译文。
一、《野草》原文及英译:原文(节选):野草夏衍有这样一个故事。
有人问:世界上什么东西的气力最大?回答纷纭的很,有的说“象”,有的说“狮”,有人开玩笑似的说是“金刚”,金刚有多少气力,当然大家全不知道。
结果,这一切答案完全不对,世界上气力最大的,是植物的种子。
一粒种子所可以显现出来的力,简直是超越一切,这儿又是一个故事。
人的头盖骨,结合得非常致密与坚固,生理学家和解剖学者用尽了一切的方法,要把它完整地分出来,都没有这种力气,后来忽然有人发明了一个方法,就是把一些植物的种子放在要解剖的头盖骨里,给它以温度与湿度,使它发芽,一发芽,这些种子便以可怕的力量,将一切机械力所不能分开的骨骼,完整地分开了。
植物种子力量之大如此,如此。
这,也许特殊了一点,常人不容易理解,那么,你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗?它为着向往阳光,为着达成它的生之意志,不管上面的石块如何重,石块与石块之间如何狭,它必定要曲曲折折地,但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来,它的根往土壤钻,它的芽往地面挺,这是一种不可抗拒的力,阻止它的石块,结果也被它掀翻,一粒种子的力量之大如此,如此。
英译版:Wild grassTranslator: Liu HongweiThere is a story which goes like this.Someone ever asked “What is the most powerful thing in the world?” There were various answers, someone said “Elephant”, others said “Lion”, even some of them jokingly said “Buddha’s warrior attendant”. As to how powerful the Buddha’s warrior attendant is, actually, nobody knows.The fact is that these answers are completely wrong,the most powerful thing in the world is the seed of plants. The force displayed by a seed simply surpasses everything. Here is another story.The bones of a human skull are so tightly and firmly joined that no methods could be used by physiologist and anatomist to separate it wholly. Later, a proposal occurs to some people that puts some seeds of the plants in the skull need to be dissected, and then available temperature and moisture are provided, which makes the seeds sprout, once these seeds to sprout, it will have a kind of amazing force making human skull separated, any mechanical force fails to do it. How powerful the seed of a plant is!This matter maybe out of understanding of average people. Well, have you ever seen the growth of bamboo shoots? Have you ever seen the growth of the little grasses overwhelmed among the stones and rubbles? In order to realize the willingness that looking forward to getting the sunshine and complete the will desiring to live, the little grasses, winds its body from one side to another side irresistibly, ultimately coming out of the grand stubbornly no matter how heavy the rocks are and how narrow the space among the rocks. Its roots drilling downward and its sprouts sticking upward, the force is so irresistible that any rocks preventing its growth are overturned. How powerful the seed of a plant is!二《野草》英译评析:1 英译文章的选择和翻译过程阐述:这篇散文节选自《散文佳作108篇》,《野草》是一篇很有名的散文,其作者夏衍是现代剧作家、革命戏剧和电影运动的组织者和领导者。
《野草》两英译本对比赏析作者:魏清云来源:《校园英语·中旬》2018年第11期【摘要】散文《野草》在语言表达、段落结构和篇章风格上都具有明显的特征。
张培基和刘士聪的译文各有优点,本文从词汇、句式和语篇三个方面对两个译本进行对比赏析,探讨散文翻译的方法与技巧。
【关键词】散文翻译;《野草》;对比分析【作者简介】魏清云(1993-),女,河南鹤壁淇县人,西安外国语大学英文学院2016级翻译学专业,研究方向:翻译理论与实践。
《野草》是夏衍在抗日战争时期所作的一篇革命性、哲理性散文,用柔弱却充满能量的野草象征当时民众顽强不屈的抗战精神,翻译时既要准确把握原文语篇意义又要展现原文创作风格。
本文选择张培基和刘士聪的译文,从词汇、句式和语篇三方面进行对比分析。
一、词汇选择《野草》的语言朴实凝练,两篇译文都达到了忠实的效果,但结合语境,刘译在选词上更准确。
例:有人开玩笑似的说:是“金刚”。
张译:Some said jokingly,“The fierce-browed guard ian gods to Buddha.”刘译:Another one says half-jokingly,“The Buddha’s guardian warrior.”在翻译“金刚”一词时,首先要理解原文中的金刚指的是佛教中的四大金刚,即佛祖身边的四大护卫。
张译突显了归化的策略,运用“god”这一目标语特有的文化词汇,使目标语读者更易接受,再加上形容词“fierce-browed”,生动地传达了“金刚”的形象。
刘译中运用“warrior”一词,意味“战士、勇士”,加上“Buddha’s guardian”的补充也能使目标语读者理解。
但相比之下,张译更加突显文化意义。
二、句式结构原文共有13个句子,短句、长句结合,结构错落有置。
对于原文中的复杂句式,两篇译文都做出了相应的处理,但在细节方面存在不同。
例:种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中,有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气,因为有了阻力才有磨练。
一、《野草》原文及英译:原文(节选):野草夏衍有这样一个故事。
有人问:世界上什么东西的气力最大?回答纷纭的很,有的说“象”,有的说“狮”,有人开玩笑似的说是“金刚”,金刚有多少气力,当然大家全不知道。
结果,这一切答案完全不对,世界上气力最大的,是植物的种子。
一粒种子所可以显现出来的力,简直是超越一切,这儿又是一个故事。
人的头盖骨,结合得非常致密与坚固,生理学家和解剖学者用尽了一切的方法,要把它完整地分出来,都没有这种力气,后来忽然有人发明了一个方法,就是把一些植物的种子放在要解剖的头盖骨里,给它以温度与湿度,使它发芽,一发芽,这些种子便以可怕的力量,将一切机械力所不能分开的骨骼,完整地分开了。
植物种子力量之大如此,如此。
这,也许特殊了一点,常人不容易理解,那么,你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗?它为着向往阳光,为着达成它的生之意志,不管上面的石块如何重,石块与石块之间如何狭,它必定要曲曲折折地,但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来,它的根往土壤钻,它的芽往地面挺,这是一种不可抗拒的力,阻止它的石块,结果也被它掀翻,一粒种子的力量之大如此,如此。
英译版:Wild grassTranslator: Liu HongweiThere is a story which goes like this.Someone ever asked “What is the most powerful thing in the world?” There were various answers, someone said “Elephant”, others said “Lion”, even some of them jokingly said “Buddha’s warrior attendant”. As to how powerful the Buddha’s warrior attendant is, actually, nobody knows.The fact is that these answers are completely wrong,the most powerful thing in the world is the seed of plants. The force displayed by a seed simply surpasses everything. Here is another story.The bones of a human skull are so tightly and firmly joined that no methods could be used by physiologist and anatomist to separate it wholly. Later, a proposal occurs to some people that puts some seeds of the plants in the skull need to be dissected, and then available temperature and moisture are provided, which makes the seeds sprout, once these seeds to sprout, it will have a kind of amazing force making human skull separated, any mechanical force fails to do it. How powerful the seed of a plant is!This matter maybe out of understanding of average people. Well, have you ever seen the growth of bamboo shoots? Have you ever seen the growth of the little grasses overwhelmed among the stones and rubbles? In order to realize the willingness that looking forward to getting the sunshine and complete the will desiring to live, the little grasses, winds its body from one side to another side irresistibly, ultimately coming out of the grand stubbornly no matter how heavy the rocks are and how narrow the space among the rocks. Its roots drilling downward and its sprouts sticking upward, the force is so irresistible that any rocks preventing its growth are overturned. How powerful the seed of a plant is!二《野草》英译评析:1 英译文章的选择和翻译过程阐述:这篇散文节选自《散文佳作108篇》,《野草》是一篇很有名的散文,其作者夏衍是现代剧作家、革命戏剧和电影运动的组织者和领导者。
文学评论·现当代文学夏衍《野草》两个英译本的对比及赏析余秋爽 吉林大学摘 要:夏衍是我国著名的作家,他在抗战时期写的散文《野草》带给人们很大的鼓舞作用。
《野草》曾被两位很出色的中译英翻译家刘士聪与张培基翻译成英文,因此存在两个英译本,两位大师的作品各具特色,在叙事的形式、句型的构成、词语的选择等方面都有不同,有着自己的翻译特点,引起后人的诸多品评。
在本文中,对两个英译本进行了对比,并对散文的翻译手法与技巧进行了赏析。
关键词:野草;英译本;对比及赏析[中图分类号]:H315.9 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2018)-02-066-01一、夏衍与《野草》夏衍的《野草》这篇散文运用了象征主义的手法,用野草顽强的生命张力象征着我们不屈的民族精神。
夏衍是我国新文化运动的倡导者,他在一九四0年写下了《野草》这篇散文,当时正是抗战最艰难的时期,进入了相持阶段。
夏衍在散文中所描写的,表面上看起来是对野草柔弱且顽强生命力的一种赞美,其实运用的是象征性的手法,对我们民族伟大的精神内涵进行了歌颂,并用文中所描绘的野草生生不息的精神鼓舞全国人民,给大众以激励,坚信抗战是必胜的,是对民族精神的升华,在文中对野草积极向上、不畏艰险的精神进行了全面的展现。
二、对《野草》两个英译本进行对比与研究夏衍的《野草》篇幅不长,用语非常精练、意蕴深远,张培基与刘士聪所翻译的文章各具特色。
对于散文的翻译不是简单的一字一句对照的翻译,而是另一种意思上的再创作,这对翻译者有很高的要求,要具有很深厚的文字功底,对文句进行提炼,而又不失原文的风貌,尽力保有原文的韵味与风格。
(一)对于标题的翻译本文的标题为野草,让人联想到是在生存环境很恶劣的情况下,很贫脊的土地上生长的小草,但仍然充满了生机活力、积极向上的不屈不挠的形象。
刘士聪与张培基在对标题进行翻译时,都不约而同地翻译成wild grass,标题的翻译还是很贴切的,wild有一种豪迈之情在里面,非常形象地表现出了野草的生活态度,即使在很恶劣的环境下依然昂扬向上,乐观而充满豪情,与夏衍在文中对野草赞赏的态度很贴合。
美学视角下浅析《野草》两个英译本的审美信息传递作者:林秋香来源:《北方文学》2019年第11期摘要:散文非常注重美感的传递。
著名翻译家张培基和刘士聪英译夏衍散文《野草》各有特色,均被称为佳作。
本文将在美学视角下,结合刘宓庆的翻译美学理论,从语音与词汇、句式和意境与情感层面浅析《野草》两个英译本的审美信息传递。
关键词:美学;《野草》;审美信息;散文翻译一、引言散文作为我国文学体裁之一,十分注重美感。
《野草》是作者夏衍在抗日战争时期创作的一篇散文,其借助种子和野草的形象,讴歌了中华民族在抗战时期顽强不屈的精神。
原文字里行间流露出真情实感,具有一定的审美性。
由于中英语言的巨大差异,译文如何再现原文的美感就成为了散文翻译的重难点。
张培基(以下简称张译)和刘士聪(以下简称刘译)对《野草》的英译是散文翻译中的优秀作品。
因此本文将在美学视角下浅析《野草》两个英译本对原文的审美信息传递。
二、美学与散文翻译刘宓庆的《翻译美学导论》详细地阐述了美学理论的基本原则,其提出了审美客体、审美主体和审美再现的三个重要概念。
审美客体实际指的是原文,其不仅有一定美学价值,而且能满足人们的审美需要。
它的审美构成分为包含语音、词汇和句法的形式系统和体现“情”、“志”、“意”、“象”的非形式系统。
(刘宓庆,2005)审美主体则受到审美客体的制约,但其具有主观能动性和创造性。
审美再现是作者用译入语来阐释其对原文的理解和感悟。
而在翻译过程中能否用译入语再现原文审美信息尤为重要。
刘勰在其《文心雕龙·情采》中言:“故情者文之经,辞者理之纬;经正而后纬成,理定而后辞畅;此立文之源也。
”(傅德岷,1988:46)从中可以看出文学作品要明确主题,表现作者的真情实感。
《野草》主旨鲜明,情感突出。
因此,其翻译也应传递出原文所蕴含的主旨,传递作者情感及其它审美信息。
三、美学视角下《野草》两个英译本的审美信息传递两位翻译家都从事了大量的散文翻译实践,也出版了相应著作,其中都对散文《野草》进行过翻译。
野草——夏衍有这样一个故事。
有人问:世界上什么东西的气力最大?回答纷纭的很,有的说“象”,有的说“狮”,有人开玩笑似的说:是“金刚”,金刚有多少气力,当然大家全不知道。
结果,这一切答案完全不对,世界上气力最大的,是植物的种子。
一粒种子所可以显现出来的力,简直是超越一切,这儿又是一个故事。
人的头盖骨,结合得非常致密与坚固,生理学家和解剖学者用尽了一切的方法,要把它完整在分出来,都没有这种力气,后来忽然有人发明了一个方法,就是把植物的种子放在要解剖的头盖骨里,给它以温度与湿度,使它发芽,一发芽,这些种子便以可怕的力量,将一切机械力所不能分开的骨骼,完整地分开了。
植物种子力量之大,如此如此。
这,也许特殊了一点,常人不容易理解,那么,你看见笋的成长吗?你看见被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗?它为着向往阳光,为着达成它的生之意志,不管上面的石块如何重,石块与石块之间如何狭,它必定要曲曲折折地,但是顽强不屈在透到地面上来,它的根往土壤里钻,它的芽往地面挺,这是一种不可抗拒的力,阻止它的石块,结果也被它掀翻,一粒种子的力量的大,如此如此。
没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”,但是它的力量之大,的确是世界无比,这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现,上面的石块,丝毫不足以阻挡,因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力,有弹性,能屈能伸的力,有韧性,不达目的不止的力。
种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中,有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气,因为有阻力才有磨炼。
生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草,才是坚韧的草,也只有这种草,才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。
张培基版Wild Grass——Xia YanThere is a story which goes like this:Someone asked, “What has the greatest strength on earth?” The answers varied. Some said, “The elephant.” Some said, “The lion.” Some said jokingly, “The fierce-browed guardian gods to Buddha.” But nobody of course could tell how strong the guardian gods were supposed to be.All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark. The mightiest thing on earth is the seed of a plant. The great strength which a seed is capable of is simply matchless. Here goes another story:The bones forming a human skull are so tightly and perfectly fit together that all physiologists or anatomists, hard as they try, are powerless to take them apart without damaging them. It so happened that, at the suggestion of someone, some seeds of plant were placed inside a human skull awaiting dissection before heat and moisture were applied to cause them to grow. Once they started to grow, they let loose a terrific force to separate all the skull bones, leaving each of them intact. This would have been impossible with any mechanical power under the sun. See, how powerful the seeds of a plant can be! This story may be somewhat too unusual for you to understand. Well, have you ever seen the growth of a bamboo shoot? Or the growth of tender grass from under a heap of rubble or rocks? Seeking sunlight and survival, the young plant will labour tenaciously through twists and turns to bring itself tothe surface of the ground no matter how heavy the rocks overhead may be or how narrow the opening between them. While striking its roots deep into the soil, the young plant pushes its new shootsabove-ground. The irresistible strength it can muster is such as to overturn any rock in its way. See, how powerful a seed can be!Though nobody describes the little g rass as a “husky”, yet its herculean strength is unrivalled. It is the force of life invisible to the naked eye. It will display itself so long as there is life. The rock is utterly helpless before this force—a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached. When a seed falls under debris instead of on fertile soil, it never sighs in despair because to meet with obstruction means to temper itself. Indomitable is the grass that begins its very life with a tough struggle. It is only fit and proper that the proud grass should be jeering at the potted flowers in a glass house.刘士聪版Wild GrassXia YanThere is a story that goes like this.'Someone asks: "What is the most powerful thing in the worl d?" 3There are a variety of answers. 4 "The elephant," someone says. 5"The lion," another one says. 6 "The Buddha's guardian warrior," still another says half-jokingly. 'A s to how powerful the Buddha's guardian warrior is, no one can tell, of course.8In fact, none of the answers is correct. The most powerful thing in the worl d is the seeds of plants. }0The force displayed by a seed is incredibl e. Adhere goes another story.The bones of a human skull are sotightly and firmly joined that no physiologistor anatomist has succeed ed in taking themapart whatever means they try. Thensomeone invents a method. He puts someseeds of a plant in the skull to be dissected andprovid es the necessary temperature andmoisture to make them germinate. Once theseeds germinate, they manifest a terribl e forcethat succeeds in opening up the human skullthat has fail ed to be opened even bymechanical force. This story tells howpowerful the seeds of plants can be.'You may think this is too unusual a story to be grasped by the common mind. Well, have you ever seen how the bambooshoots grow? Have you ever seen how frailyoung grass grows out from und er d ebris andrubbl e? z0In ord er to get the sunshine and grow,it will wind its way up, no matter how heavythe rocks above and how narrow the space between the rocks. Its roots will drill d ownward and its sprouts will shoot upward.zzThis is an irresistibl e force. Z3Any rock lyingin its way will be upset. z4This, further, show show powerful a seed can be.Though the little grass has never been said to be hercul ean, the power it shows is matchl ess in the worl d. Z6It is an invisibl e force of life. So l ong as there is life, the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent the seed from growing, because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time, because it is anelastic force that can shrink and expand because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown. ''The seed d oes not choose to fall on fertile land but in d ebris, instead. The seedwith life is never pessimistic or sad, for it has und ergone resistance and pressure. The grass that begins to fight its way out right after itsbirth is strong and tenacious, and only that grass has the right to smile with prid e at the potted plants in glassed green houses.。