对《尤利西斯》两版译文的对比鉴赏
- 格式:doc
- 大小:40.00 KB
- 文档页数:4
对《尤利西斯》两版译文的对比鉴赏Constract:Before comparing the two translated versions of Ulysses, we should have a thorough understanding of this essay. The reason why people feel differently because they stand in different standpoints that comes from different cultural background and personal experience. So firstly we have to know exactly what reasons make this work readable and acceptable.Facing the same essay, the translators may not have the same understanding of it. On the basis of understanding the authentic meaning of the original text the translators always have different thinking about the additional meaning shown by obscure expressions. As non-native speakers, without completely knowing the factors that have various influence on the author, such as social context and cultural background, translators will easily misunderstand the meaning expressed ambiguously.Ulysses,a great work of stream-consciousness, was written by James Joyce in the early 20th century. This essay, in the beginning, mainly shows readers three independent stories that turn out to be one story in the end. The author showed readers the figures by describing their talks and inner thoughts. All these writing techniques make the translation more diversified.Under a complex background and influenced by Greek mythology, the writer has experienced a lot during his miserable childhood. For instance, James Joyce worshiped the hero Odysseus, also called Ulysses in Latin, when he was a child. At the same time, James was suffered from the wars and Irish nationality. Maybe these experience had inspired James Joyce to create the figures who similarly lead a miserable life. Therefore, in this way,we have to take consideration the wr iter’s thinking into translating and think as the author did to make the translated version more accurate.Undoubtedly, the translated version will not be same because of these reasons. However, the two versions we are about to compare are basically comfort to the meaning of the original text. I will compare this two from several perspectives in order to figure out what lead translators translate differently.Comparison&analysisWord-choosing1.Grammatically, for the limit of the original text, the translated version have to largely comfort to the syntactic structure of the original one. However, translators are allowed to choose different words that shows their lexical diversity and writing styles.Eg. It must be a movement then, an actuality of the possible as possible. Aristotle’s phrase formed itself within the gabbled verses and ......(Jin’version)那么,一定是一种运动了,可能性因为有可能而成为现实。
《尤利西斯》的“互文”特点摘要:詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》自发表以来,国内外的评论家就其思想性、文化性和语言创新性等方面进行了富有成效的发掘。
在对这部作品的“互文”研究方面,国内外研究主要聚集于该部作品与《奥德赛》《都柏林人》《青年艺术家肖像》以及欧洲其他文学作品间的关系。
本文认为该部小说的前三章和后三章就叙述视角上构成“互文”特点,即小说前三章的叙述视角变化—全知视角占主导地位→全知视角与人物有限视角的交融→人物有限视角占主导地位—预示了小说后三章叙述模式的发展趋势,并以此为出发点探讨珀涅罗珀一章叙述风格的形成轨迹及意义。
关键词:尤利西斯;互文特点;珀涅罗珀乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》自1922年发表以来,就以其五花八门的语言实验、变化多端的语言创新、精彩纷呈的叙事技巧和完美之至的小说结构成为国内外学者研究的重点。
乔伊斯本人也曾预言《尤利西斯》中众多的迷阵会让教授们忙上几百年去推测其义,他本人也会因此而不朽[3](P521)。
英国水石书店邀请了47位文学批评专家在千禧之年到来之前从20世纪及以前的文学作品中选出10部最具影响力的文学名著,《尤利西斯》名列榜首。
一、国内外研究现状国内外研究主要聚焦于思想、文化和语言三个方面。
思想方面,国内研究以李维屏教授所著的《乔伊斯的美学思想和小说艺术》为代表,“他〔乔伊斯〕成功地展示了人物纷乱复杂的心理结构,淋漓尽致地描绘了现代经验和现代意识,并深刻地反映了爱尔兰乃至整个西方社会现代人的精神危机”(162);国外该方面的研究以斯蒂芬·斯卡里(Stephen Sicari )所著的《乔伊斯的现代主义寓言》为代表,该书从现代主义哲学、美学、社会学等方面论述了《尤利西斯》所蕴含的现代主义思想。
文化方面,国内研究主要体现在郭军教授所著的《乔伊斯:叙述他的民族》,乔伊斯“一方面借一种宏大叙事框架……展开他对民族的叙事。
另一方面又通过戏谑的反史诗叙事手段表达了对殖民历史的颠覆、对同胞弊病的鞭笞和对民族未来的设想,同时还表达了对爱尔兰文化复兴时代的意识形态和文化宣传的嘲讽与批判”(275);国外研究方面,布鲁斯(Bruce Ira Nadel)所著的《乔伊斯与犹太人:文化与文本》(Joyce and the Jews:Culture and Texts)探讨了乔伊斯作品中犹太文化和基督文化元素,布兰登(R. Brandon Kershner)在其所著的《文化研究中的乔伊斯》(Cultural Studies of James Joyce)以及文森特(Vincent J. Cheng)在其所著的《语境中的乔伊斯》(Joyce in Context)都论述了《尤利西斯》中多元文化因素。
尤利西斯最好的译本
尤利西斯是爱尔兰作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯的代表作品,也是20世纪最重要的文学作品之一。
这部小说以一天内的故事为主线,讲述了主人公布鲁姆和史蒂芬的人生故事,涉及了人类的生命、爱、性、死亡、宗教、历史和文化等主题。
尤利西斯的译本众多,但在海内外备受推崇的最佳译本是由汪曾祺、李颖之合译的《尤利西斯》。
这个译本虽然在某些细节上有所删减和改动,但在整体翻译质量、语言风格和文化内涵等方面都得到了极高的评价。
汪曾祺和李颖之是中国著名的文化学者和翻译家,他们在翻译尤利西斯的过程中,充分考虑到了汉语和英语之间的语言差异和文化差异,使得这个译本更贴近中国读者的阅读习惯和文化背景。
此外,他们还从译者的角度出发,对原著进行了深入的解读和注释,使得读者更能够理解故事中的各种象征和隐喻,从而更好地欣赏和体验这部杰作。
因此,汪曾祺、李颖之合译的《尤利西斯》是目前最好的译本之一,也是中国读者欣赏这部世界经典文学作品的不二之选。
- 1 -。
《尤利西斯》意识流汉译评析王振平【摘要】意识流是《尤利西斯》的主要特征,也是乔伊斯刻意经营的艺术手法.不同的翻译方法,对意识流描写的表现有不同的效果.《尤利西斯》两个经典汉译本对意识流的翻译表现了差异性效果,为文学翻译提供了学习研究的绝佳样本.【期刊名称】《山东外语教学》【年(卷),期】2015(036)005【总页数】6页(P99-104)【关键词】《尤利西斯》;翻译;意识流【作者】王振平【作者单位】天津科技大学外国语学院,天津300222【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I046乔伊斯在文学创作之路上,是开拓疆域的探险者,他的名字常常和意识流这一创作方法联系在一起。
他善于调动种种艺术手段来处理人物思维,大大丰富了小说的艺术表现力。
他的经典名著《尤利西斯》(下称《尤》)就以其对意识流的应用而著称。
意识流成就了《尤》,同时也成为大众接受《尤》的最大障碍,也向翻译家的翻译提出了挑战。
1.0 关于意识流“意识流”(stream of consciousness)最初是个心理学术语,是美国心理学家威廉·詹姆斯在《心理学原理》(1890)一书中提出来的。
他认为人的意识由理性的自觉意识和非理性的潜意识构成,思想像“水流”一样不间断流淌,因而把意识称作“意识流”。
后来这一心理学理论被应用到了文学创作中。
意识流小说发端于法国和英国,后风行欧美,1930年代发展到高潮,到1940年代后期渐趋式微,但作为一种有效的文学表现手法,它一直受到许多作家的青睐,在创作中被广泛运用,影响历久不衰。
从艺术手法上看,意识流小说追求的是将人的内心世界直接呈现给读者,叙述具有跳跃性,往往过去、现在和将来交叉重叠,但又有很强的凝聚力,可以通过回忆、现实、幻想、梦境的交叉组合,将过去、现在和将来的漫长时空在短时间内集中表现。
在某一特定时刻,人的意识是各种感觉、思维、记忆、幻觉、联想所汇成的一股飘忽不定、连绵不绝的流,不符逻辑,不合理性。
[英国]丁尼⽣诗歌《尤利西斯》赏析这太⽆谓——当⼀个闲散的君主,安居家中,在这嶙峋的岛国,我与年⽼的妻⼦相匹,颁布着不公的法律,治理野蛮的种族,——他们吃、睡、收藏,⽽不理解我。
我不能停歇我的跋涉;我决⼼饮尽⽣命之杯。
我⼀⽣都在体验巨⼤的痛苦、巨⼤的欢乐,有时与爱我的伙伴⼀起,有时却独⾃⼀个;不论在岸上或海上,当带来⾬季的毕宿星团催动激流滚滚,扬起灰暗的海波。
我已经变成这样⼀个名字,——由于我如饥似渴地漂泊不⽌,我已见识了许多民族的城及其风⽓、习俗、枢密院、政府,⽽我在他们之中最负盛名;在遥远⽽多风的特洛亚战场,我曾陶醉于与敌⼿作战的欢欣。
我⾃⼰是我全部经历的⼀部分;⽽全部经验,也只是⼀座拱门,尚未游历的世界在门外闪光,⽽随着我⼀步⼀步的前进,它的边界也不断向后退让。
最单调最沉闷的是停留,是终⽌,是蒙尘⽣锈⽽不在使⽤中发亮!难道说呼吸就能算是⽣活?⼏次⽣命堆起来尚嫌太少,何况我唯⼀的⽣命已余年⽆多。
唯有从永恒的沉寂之中抢救每个⼩时,让每个⼩时带来⼀点新的收获。
最可厌的是把⾃⼰长期封存、贮藏起来,让我灰⾊的灵魂徒然渴望在⼈类思想最远的边界之外追求知识,像追求沉没的星星。
这是我的⼉⼦忒勒玛科斯,我给他留下我的岛国和王杖,他是我所爱的,他有胆有识,能胜任这⼀⼯作;谨慎耐⼼地教化粗野的民族,⽤温和的步骤驯化他们,使他们善良⽽有⽤。
他是⽆可指责的,他虽年少,在我离去后他会担起重任,并对我家的佑护神表⽰崇敬。
他和我,将各做各的⼯作。
海港就在那边,船⼉已经扬帆,⼤海⿊暗⼀⽚。
我的⽔⼿们——与我同⾟劳、同⼯作、同思想的⼈,对雷电和阳光永远同等欢迎,并⽤⾃由的⼼与头颅来抗争,——你们和我都已⽼了,但⽼年仍有⽼年的荣誉、⽼年的⾟劳;死亡终结⼀切,但在终点前我们还能做⼀番崇⾼的事业,使我们配称为与神⽃争的⼈。
礁⽯上的灯标开始闪光了,长昼将尽,⽉亮缓缓攀登,⼤海⽤⽆数⾳响在周围呻唤。
来呀,朋友们,探寻更新的世界现在尚不是为时过晚。
作者: 罗丹
作者机构: 南开大学外语学院,中国天津300071
出版物刊名: 湖南农业大学学报:社会科学版
页码: 84-87页
主题词: 《尤利西斯》;语音修辞;翻译策略;翻译目标
摘要:1994年译林出版社出版的萧乾、文洁若译本,人民出版社金陧译本和2004年燕山出版社的刘象愚《尤利西斯》十个章节的选译构成《尤利西斯》的三个译本。
以第二章的七首诗歌(或童谣、谜语等)为例,考察三个译本对文学作品艺术特征(尤其是语音修辞)的个性化处理,指出三个译本基本达到了各自预设的翻译目标,只是在采取的具体翻译策略上各有千秋。
累资本。
再看今日的学校:教育局迫于畸形、恶性的教育竞争,需要给学校规定具体的升学指标;校长迫于上级的硬性要求,必须为毕业班的教师确定具体的升学人数;教师迫于校长的“死命令”,必须将教学的全部重心放在如何对付考试上面。
于是,教育局关心的本辖区最后的排名,校长关心的是本校的升学率,教师关心的是本学科的考试分数。
在这里,排名、升学率和分数被认为是最“有用”的,因为它们能够带来明显的经济效益和社会影响力;凡是与此无关的东西,都被认为是“无用”的。
我们不禁要问:教育究竟怎么了?教育到底有什么用?所谓天下纷纷皆为利来,天下攘攘皆为利往。
和“利”沾边的都会被定义为“有用”;反之,和“利”不沾边的,便可叫做“无用”了。
如此看来,书本知识的反复讲解和解题技巧的重复训练就是“有用”的,因为它们告诉学生的是有形的东西,学生学了以后就能够在考试中加以操作而取得高分数。
诸如思维方式、探究过程、学科方法、审美情趣、价值观念、人文素质等都不是一招一式的有形的东西,它们不能告诉学生具体做什么、怎么做,除非经过长期的培养,否则在学生的考试中便很难“派上用场”,因而是“无用”的。
事情果真如此?究竟是什么在学生的后续学习中起着关键性的作用?究竟是什么在决定学生的实践能力和创造能力?究竟是什么在支持学生的可持续学习和可持续发展?即使是从“功利”的方面来看,究竟又是什么在成就学生在考试中的卓越表现?一致的答案便是:“无用”。
“有用”的东西极易损耗,耗尽则灭;“无用”的东西不易损耗,反而更能够延续、再生和创造。
所以,“无用”之用,是其“大用”。
然而,现实中人们普遍关注的是“有用”之教,轻视的是“无用”之教。
“有用”之教过多,“无用”之教过少,恰恰是今日中国基础教育的又一个突出问题。
作者简介:施超兰,女,四川师范大学外国语学院硕士研究生,主要从事英语课程教学论研究。
《尤利西斯》(Ulysses)是20世纪英国文坛巨匠乔伊斯(James Joyce)创作的著名意识流小说。
Constract:Before comparing the two translated versions of Ulysses, we should have a thorough understanding of this essay. The reason why people feel differently because they stand in different standpoints that comes from different cultural background and personal experience. So firstly we have to know exactly what reasons make this work readable and acceptable.Facing the same essay, the translators may not have the same understanding of it. On the basis of understanding the authentic meaning of the original text the translators always have different thinking about the additional meaning shown by obscure expressions. As non-native speakers, without completely knowing the factors that have various influence on the author, such as social context and cultural background, translators will easily misunderstand the meaning expressed ambiguously.Ulysses,a great work of stream-consciousness, was written by James Joyce in the early 20th century. This essay, in the beginning, mainly shows readers three independent stories that turn out to be one story in the end. The author showed readers the figures by describing their talks and inner thoughts. All these writing techniques make the translation more diversified.Under a complex background and influenced by Greek mythology, the writer has experienced a lot during his miserable childhood. For instance, James Joyce worshiped the hero Odysseus, also called Ulysses in Latin, when he was a child. At the same time, James was suffered from the wars and Irish nationality. Maybe these experience had inspired James Joyce to create the figures who similarly lead a miserable life. Therefore, in this way, we have to take consideration the writer’s thinking into translating and think as the author did to make the translated version more accurate.Undoubtedly, the translated version will not be same because of these reasons. However, the two versions we are about to compare are basically comfort to the meaning of the original text. I will compare this two from several perspectives in order to figure out what lead translators translate differently.Comparison&analysisWord-choosing1.Grammatically, for the limit of the original text, the translated version have to largely comfort to the syntactic structure of the original one. However, translators are allowed to choose different words that shows their lexical diversity and writing styles.Eg. It must be a movement then, an actuality of the possible as possible. Aristotle’s phrase formed itself within the gabbled verses and ......(Jin’version)那么,一定是一种运动了,可能性因为有可能而成为现实。
在急促而含糊的朗诵中,亚里士多德的论断形成了...(Xiao’s version) 说来那肯定是一种运动了,可能性由于有可能而变为现实。
在急促而咬字不清的朗诵中,亚里士多德的名字浮现出来....From the two versions, limited by the original text, the two translated version are similar in sentence structure and even in punctuation. But the Jin and Xiao choose the words differently for their writing habits and their understanding on the original language. There are two different translations: gabbled and phrase. Jin translated gabble as ‘急促而含糊的’ while Xiao translated as ‘急促而咬字不清’. For me, I prefer the Jin’s version for the balance of the sentence structure of translated version, namely the ‘急促’ and ‘含糊’. Actually there’s no fixed definition on that which words should be chosen for the same original text. But according to many translation principles that translators should give more priority to the readers we are supposed to comply with the language habits of Chinese in order to better deliver the meaning of the author. However, the translation of ‘phrase’ differs in the two versions. Jin translated it as ‘论断’ and Xiao regarded it as the ‘名字’. Unlike choosing different words, these two words have completely meanings for the their different understanding on the ‘phrase’. So which one is better? I think it should be translated as ‘名言’ according to the context.Linguistic style1.The translator’s own style will become a part of the target text. There is also a big difference between the two versions’ style. The Jin’s writing style is more oral while the Xiao’s more formal. That’s why readers may have different attitude and opinion toward the same essay. Which style is better largely depends on the readers’ appetite. At the same time, the style of the original text can’t be neglected. Through reading this narrative fiction, the authors described this story by depicting the talks and inner thoughts.By comparing the two translated versions, the Jin’s version is undoubtedly more easy to understand by using conciseness, but Xiao’s version is more like a literary work and more readable for its formal expression that is closer to the style of the original text. The two versions both have their merits, we can’t merely give a judge through excerpts. The two translators are proficient in understanding the author then expressing in their own words.In general, Jin’s version is more acceptable but somewhere he didn’t consistently follow his translation principles.Eg. --First, our little financial settlement, he said.(Jin’s version) “首先,咱们先来小小的财务结算”,他说。