5
成本(cost)、费用与代价
成本定义:为获得某种用值所无可避免要支付 的最高代价。 代价——选择放弃的机会
The cost of an event is the highest-valued opportunity necessarily forsaken “历史成本不是成本”(张五常)
因为已经与现在面临的选择无关 “成本”不“陈” 已经支付的究竟是什么? 历史成本——成为“以本搏利”之本
16.09.2020
NIE 第7章 交易费用与科斯定理
3
科思的发现
In order to carry out a market transaction it is necessary to discover who it is that one wishes to deal with, to inform people that one wishes to deal with and to what terms, to conduct negotiations leading up to a bargain, to draw up the contract, to undertake the inspection needed to make sure that the terms of the contract are being observed, and so on. (Coase, 1960) 与1937年论文的主旨一脉相传:“…there is a cost of using the price mechanism…”
对分类的批评
16.09.2020
NIE 第7章 交易费用与科斯定理
9
交易费用概念的扩展
Arrow (1960): “ transaction costs are the costs of running the economic system”.