印度机动车法规CMVR法规

LIST OF PUBLISHED AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARDS(Updated on December 29, 2011)© AISC standards are available on this website only for reference. AISC Secretariat at ARAI reserves copy right for reproduction/ amendments, etc. thereof.Sr. No. AIS No. and itsAmendment/sTitle1.AIS-001Amd. No. 1Automotive Vehicles - Rear - View Mirrors – Specification2.AIS-001(Part 1)(Rev. 1) :2011 Automotive Vehicles – Approval of Devices for Indirect Vision Intended for use on M, N Category and L Category with Bodywork Vehicles – Specification3.AIS-001 (Part 2)(Rev. 1) : 2011 Automotive Vehicles – Approval of Rear View Mirrors Intended for use on L Category Vehicles without Bodywork Partly or Wholly Encloses the Driver – Specification4.AIS-002 Automotive Vehicles - Rear - View Mirrors - InstallationRequirements5.AIS-002 (Part 1)(Rev. 1) :2011 Automotive Vehicles – Approval of Devices for Indirect Vision intended for use on L category with bodywork vehicles, M and N category - Installation requirements6.AIS-002 (Part 2)(Rev.1):2011 Automotive Vehicles – Approval of Rear View Mirrors Intended for use on L Category Vehicles without Bodywork Partly or Wholly Encloses the Driver – Installation Requirements7.AIS-003 / 1999(Incorporating Amd.1& 2)Amd. No. 3/ May 2002 Automotive Vehicles - Starting Gradeability - Method of Measurement and Requirements.8.AIS-004 (Part 1)/ 1999Amd. No.1 & 2 Electromagnetic Radiation from Automotive Vehicle - Permissible Levels and Methods of Tests.9.AIS-004 ( Part 2) Electromagnetic Radiated Immunity of Automotive Vehicles –Requirements & Methods of Tests10.AIS-004 ( Part 3) Automotive Vehicles – Requirements for ElectromagneticCompatibility11.AIS-005 / 2000Amd.1/May 2002Automotive Vehicles - Safety Belt Assemblies - Specifications.12. AIS-006 Automotive vehicle-Bumper Fitment on M1 Vehicles – TestMethods.13. AIS-007(Revision 4) Information on Technical Specifications to be Submitted by the Vehicle Manufacturer14.AIS-008 / 2001Amd. No. 1Installation requirements of Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices for Motor Vehicle having more than three Wheels, Trailer and Semi15.AIS-008 (Revision 1)Installation Requirements of Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices for Motor Vehicle having more than Three Wheels, Trailer and Semi-Trailer excluding Agricultural Tractor and Special Purpose Vehicle16. AIS-009 / 2001Automotive Vehicles - Installation Requirements of Lightingand Light-Signalling Devices for 2 and 3 Wheelers, their Trailers and Semi-Trailers17.AIS-009 (Rev.1):2011Automotive Vehicles - Installation Requirements of Lighting and Light-signalling Devices for L Category Vehicles, their Trailers and Semi-Trailers18.AIS-010Amd. No. 1Performance Requirements of Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices for 2 and 3 Wheeled Motor Vehicles, their Trailers and Semi-trailers and Vehicles treated as such19.AIS-010 (Part 1) (Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Headlamps emitting an Asymmetrical Passing Beam or a Driving Beam or both and equipped with Filament Lamps and/or LED Modules20.AIS-010 (Part 2) (Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Headlamps emitting a Symmetrical Passing Beam or a Driving Beam or Both and equipped with Filament Lamps or Gas-Discharge Light Sources21.AIS-010 (Part 3) (Rev.1):2010Provisions concerning the Approval of Front Position Lamps, Rear Position Lamps, Stop Lamps, Direction Indicators, Rear-Registration Plate Illuminating Devices and Reversing Lamp for Vehicles of Category L and their Trailers and Semi-trailers22. AIS-010 (Part 4) (Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Headlamps equipped with Gas Discharge Light Sources23. AIS-010 (Part 5) (Rev.1):2010 Requirements of Chromaticity Co-ordinates of Colour of Light emitted from Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices24.AIS-011 / 2001Amd. No.1Automotive Vehicles – Testing Procedure for WindScreen Wiping System for 4 wheelers other than M1 Category of Vehicles.25.AIS-012 Performance Requirements of Lighting and Light-SignallingDevices for Motor vehicle having more than Three-Wheels,Trailer, Semi-Trailer.26.AIS-012 (Part 1) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Front Fog Lamps for Motor Vehicles27.AIS-012 (Part 2) (Rev.1):2011 Performance Requirements for Rear Fog Lamps for Motor Vehicles28.AIS-012 (Part 3) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Cornering Lamps for Motor Vehicles29.AIS-012 (Part 4) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Rear Registration Plate (mark) Illuminating Lamp Rear Registration Plates for Motor Vehicles30.AIS-012 (Part 5) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Direction Indicators for Motor Vehicles31.AIS-012 (Part 6) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Front and Rear Position (Side) Lamps, Stop-Lamps and End-outline Marker Lamps for Motor Vehicles32.AIS-012 (Part 7) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Reversing Lamps for Motor Vehicles33.AIS-012 (Part 8) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Parking Lamps for Motor Vehicles34.AIS-012 (Part 9) (Rev. 1):2011 Performance Requirements for Side-Marker Lamps for Motor Vehicles35.AIS-013Amd. No. 1Automotive Vehicles - Spray Suppression Systems.36.AIS-014 / 2001Amd. No.1 & 2Automotive Vehicles – Horn Installation Requirement.37.AIS-015 / 2000 Automotive Vehicles - Safety Belt Anchorages –Specifications.38.AIS-016 / 2000 Automotive Vehicles - Seats, their Anchorages and HeadRestraints for Category M1 - Specifications.39.AIS-017 / 2000 Procedure for Type Approval and Certification of Vehicles forCompliance to Central Motor Vehicles Rules.40.AIS-018 / 2001Amd.No.1/ June 2002Amd. No.2Automotive Vehicles - Speed Limitation Devices – Specifications.41.AIS-019 / 2001Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles - Wind Screen Wiping and Washing System for M1 Category of vehicles.42.AIS-020 Automotive vehicles – Interior Noise – Method ofMeasurement and Requirements.43.AIS-021Amd. No. 1Field of Vision of Motor Vehicle Drivers for M1 Category44.AIS-022 / 2001Amd. No. 1, 2 , 3 & 4 Automotive Vehicles – Advance – Warning Triangles –Specifications.45.AIS - 023Amd. No. 1 & 2Automotive Vehicles - Seats, their Anchorages and Head Restraints for Passenger Vehicles of Categories M2, M3 and Goods Vehicles of Category N - Specifications.46.AIS-024 (Version 3)Amd. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 Safety and Procedural Requirements for Type Approval of CNG operated Vehicles.47.AIS-025 (Version 3)Amd. Nos. 2, 3, 4 & 5 Safety and Procedural Requirements for Type Approval of LPG operated vehicles.48.AIS-026 (Version 3) Code of Practice for use of LPG Fuel in Internal CombustionEngine to Power 4 Wheeled Vehicles.49.AIS-027 (Version 3) Code of Practice for use of LPG Fuel in Internal CombustionEngine to Power 2 & 3 Wheeled Vehicles.50.AIS-028 (Version 3)Amd. No. 1 & 2 Code of Practice for use of CNG Fuel in Internal Combustion Engined Vehicles.51.AIS-029Amd. No. 1 Survival Space for the Protection of the Occupants of the Cab of a Commercial Vehicle52.AIS-030/2001 InstallationRequirementsfor Lighting and Light-SignallingDevices for Agricultural Tractor.53.AIS-031Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles -The Strength of Superstructure of Large Passenger Vehicles54.AIS-033/2001Amd. No. 1Automotive Vehicles - Plastic Fuel Tanks for Four Wheelers55.AIS-034Amd. No. 1Amd. No. 2Automobile Lamps56.AIS-034 (Part 1)(Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Filament Lamps for use in Approved Lamp Units on Power-driven Vehicles and their Trailers57.AIS-034(Part 2)(Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Gas-discharge Light Sources for use in Approved Gas-discharge Lamp units of Power-driven Vehicles58.AIS-035Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles- The Arrangement of Foot Controls of Vehicles59.AIS-037Amd. No.1, 2 , 3 & 4 Procedure for Type Approval and Establishing Conformity of Production for Safety Critical Components60.AIS -038 Battery Operated Vehicles – Requirements for Constructionand Functional Safety61.AIS-039 Battery Operated Vehicles – Measurement of Electrical EnergyConsumption62.AIS-040 Battery Operated Vehicles – Method of Measuring the Range63.AIS-041 Battery Operated Vehicles – Measurement of Net Power andthe Maximum 30 Minute Power and speed64.AIS-042 Agricultural Tractors – Steering Efforts Requirements.65.AIS-043Amd. No. 1, 2 & 3 Recommendation of Braking System and Performance Requirements for the combination of Agricultural Tractor and Trailer66.AIS-044 (Part 1)Amd. Nos. 1 & 2 Automotive Vehicles – Pneumatic Tyres for Commercial Vehicles.67.AIS-044 (Part 2)Amd. Nos. 1 & 2Automotive Vehicles – Pneumatic Tyres for Passenger Cars68.AIS-044 ( Part 3)Amd. Nos. 1 & 2 Automotive Vehicles – Pneumatic Tyres for Two and Three- Wheeled Motor Vehicles.69.AIS-045 Automotivevehicles–Windscreen Wiping system for3 – wheeler vehicles and vehicles treated as such.70.AIS-046Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles – Hand-Holds for Three, Four and More than Four Wheeled Motor Vehicles – Specification71.AIS-047Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles - Interior Fittings – Specifications for other than M1 Category Vehicles72.AIS-048 Battery Operated Vehicles - Safety Requirements ofTraction Batteries73.AIS-049Amd. No. 1CMVR Type Approval for Battery Operated Vehicles.74.AIS- 050 Requirements for Vehicles with regard to Selection andApproval for use of Tyres for Two and Three-Wheelers75.AIS-051Amd. No.1 Requirements for Vehicles with regard to Selection and Approval or use of Tyres for other than Two and Three-Wheelers.76.AIS-052 (Revision 1)Amd. No. 1 Code of Practice for Bus Body Design and Approval (Revision 1)77.AIS-053Amd. No. 1 & 2Automotive Vehicles – Types - Terminology78.AIS-055 Automotive CNG / LPG Vehicles – Test Method to Evaluatethe Range.79.AIS-056 Automotive Vehicles - Methods of Enhancing Comfort in RiderCabin80.AIS-057Amd. No. 1Performance Requirements for Retro-Reflecting Devices for Power-Driven Vehicles and their Trailers81.AIS-057 (Rev.1):2010 Provisions concerning the Approval of Retro-ReflectingDevices for Power Driven Vehicles and their Trailers82.AIS-058 (Part1)Amd. No. 1Protective Helmets for Motor Cycle Riders.83.AIS-058 (Part 2) Visors of Protective Helmets for Motorcycle Riders –Specification84.AIS-059 Automotive Vehicles – Recording Equipment in RoadVehicles (Tachograph)85.AIS-060 General Guidelines on Control Cables for Automobiles86.AIS-061 GuidelineSpecificationsfor Replacement Brake LiningAssemblies and Drum Brake Linings for Power-DrivenVehicles and their Trailers87.AIS-062Amd. No. 1 Performance requirements for Lighting and Light-Signalling Devices for Agricultural Tractors.88.AIS-063Amd. No. 1Requirements for School Buses89.AIS-064 (Part 1) Automotive Vehicles- Retreaded Pneumatic Tyres forCommercial Vehicles90.AIS-064 (Part 2) Automotive Vehicles- Retreaded Pneumatic Tyres forPassenger Car91.AIS-065Amd. No. 1 Statutory Plates and Inscriptions for Motor Vehicles, their Location and Method of attachment – Vehicle Identification Numbering System.92.AIS-066 GuidelinesforAnalysisof Automotive Rubbers by FourierTransform Infra-red Spectrometry (FTIR) andThermo gravimetry (TGA) Techniques93.AIS-068Amd. No. 1Requirements for Windows fitted on Buses94.AIS-069 Approval ofI.Front Underrun Protective Devices ( FUPDs)II. Vehicles with regard to the installation of FUPDof an Approved TypeIII. Vehicles with regard to the installation ofFUPD of an Approved Type95.AIS-070 Requirements of Temporary Cabin for Drive-Away-ChassisConfiguration / Vehicles96.AIS-071(Part 1) Automotive Vehicles - Identification of Controls Tell-Tales and Indicators97.AIS-071(Part 2) Automotive Vehicles – Control Location and Operation Requirements98.AIS-072Amd. No. 1 Approval of Restraining Devices for Child Occupants of Power-Driven Vehicles (“Child Restraint System”)99.AIS-073 (Part 1)Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles – Wheel Rims for Two and Three Wheeled Vehicles - Light Alloy Wheel Rims – Method of Test and Requirements100.AIS-073 (Part 2)Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles – Wheel Rims for Two and Three Wheeled Vehicles - Sheet Metal Wheel Rims – Method of Test and Requirements101.AIS-073 (Part 3)Amd. No. 1Automotive Vehicles –Wheel Rims for Two and Three Wheeled Vehicles –Spoke Wheel Rims – Method of test and Requirements102.AIS-074 Approval of Vehicles with regard to their Protection againstUnauthorized use –Two and Three Wheeled Vehicles103.AIS-075 Approval of Vehicles with regard to their Protection againstUnauthorized use - Four Wheeled Vehicles104.AIS-076 Approval of Vehicle Alarm Systems (VAS) for M1 and N1Category of Vehicles and of these Vehicles with regard totheir Alarm Systems (AS)105.AIS-077 Specification for Automotive Timing Belts106.AIS-078 Specification for Automotive V Belts107.AIS-079 Procedure for Performance Evaluation on Rubber to MetalBonded Components108.AIS-080 Procedure for Evaluation of Rubber Bushing Components 109.AIS-081 Classification and Test Requirements for Automotive RubberGaskets110.AIS-082 Requirements for IC Engine Coolant Hoses111. AIS-083 Headlamp Cleaners and their Fitment on Power DrivenVehicles with regard to Headlamp Cleaners112. AIS-084 (Part1)Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles – Performance requirements of Demisting Systems of Glazed Surfaces (Wind Screen) of Motor Vehicles113.AIS-084 (Part 2)Amd. No. 1 Automotive Vehicles – Performance requirements of Defrosting Systems of Glazed Surfaces (Wind Screen) of Motor Vehicles114.AIS-085 AutomotiveVehicles-Weather Strips- Specification115.AIS-086 Specification for Oil Seals and ‘O’ Rings for AutomotiveApplication116.AIS-087 Guidelines for analysis of Elastomeric Sound Deadner( Under seal) Silencer117.AIS-088 Performance requirements of Rear Marking Plates (RearWarning Triangles) for Slow Moving Vehicles (ByConstruction), Agricultural Tractors, their Trailers and Semi-Trailers118.AIS-089 Approval of Rear Marking Plates for Heavy and Long Vehicles 119.AIS-090 Approval of Retro-Reflective Markings for Heavy and LongVehicles, their Trailers and Semi-trailers120.AIS-091(Part 1) Automotives Vehicles- Mechanical Coupling Components ofCombinations of Vehicles other than Agricultural Tractors -Requirements121.AIS-092 Approval of I. A Close-Coupling Device (CCD)II.Vehicles with Regard to the fitting of anApproved Type of CCD122.AIS-093 Code of Practice for Construction and Approval of Truck Cabs,Truck Bodies and Trailers123.AIS-095 Requirements for Metallic Fuel Tanks of Automotive Vehicles. 124.AIS-096 Requirements for Behavior of Steering Mechanism ofA Vehicle in a Head-on Collision125.AIS-097 Procedure for determining the "H" Point and the Torso Anglefor 50th percentile Adult Male in seating positions of MotorVehicles.126.AIS-098 Requirements for the Protection of the Occupants in theevent of an Offset Frontal Collision127.AIS-099 Approval of Vehicles with regards to the Protection of theOccupants in the event of a Lateral Collision128.AIS-100 Requirements for the Protection of Pedestrian and otherVulnerable Road Users in the event of a Collision with aMotor VehicleCMVR Type Approval for Hybrid Electric Vehicles129.AIS-102 (Part 1)Amd. No. 1130.AIS-102 (Part 2) CMVR Type Approval for Hybrid Electric Vehicles of M andN Category with GVW > 3500 kg131.AIS-103 Automotive Vehicles - Spray-Suppression Systems for TwoWheeled Motor Vehicles132.AIS-104 Technical Requirements of Fuel Tanks for AgriculturalTractors133.AIS-105 Requirements of Ballast Mass for Agricultural Tractors134.AIS-106 Requirements of Load Platforms of Agricultural Tractors135.AIS-107 Requirements of Driver’s Field of Vision for AgriculturalTractorsTemporary-Use Spare Wheel /Vehicles136.AIS-110 AutomotiveTyres and Run Flat Tyres137.AIS-111 Requirements of Attendant’s Seats of Agricultural Tractors 138.AIS-114 Agricultural Tractors - Rear View Mirrors - InstallationRequirements139.AIS-115(Part 1) Driver-Perceived Noise Level of Agricultural Tractors -Method of Measurement140.AIS-115(Part 2) Permissible Sound Level at Bystander of Agricultural Tractors -Method of Measurement141.AIS-116 MaximumDesignSpeedof Agricultural Tractors142.AIS-117 Statutory Plates and Inscriptions for Agricultural Tractors, theirLocation and Method of Attachment – Agricultural TractorIdentification Numbering SystemSr. No. Safety StandardNo.Title1. SS 12.1 Tell Tale Systems and Controls for all Motor Vehicles otherthan 3 Wheeled Vehicles upto Engine Capacity 500cc,2 Wheeled Vehicles and Tractor2. SS 15.1 Lighting, Signalling & Indicating Systems on all MotorVehicles, other than Three Wheelers with Engine Capacity lessthan 500cc and Motor Cycles and Tractors3. SS 33.1 The Towing Devices used on Motor Vehicles, Trailer andTransport Tractors from 2 Tonne to 35 Tonne Gross MassAutomotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC)AISC was set-up in the year 1997 to assist CMVR-Technical Standing Committee in the process of standardization.Composition of AISCEx-officio Chairman: Director, ARAI, PunePresent Chairman- Mr. Shrikant R. Marathe, Director, ARAI Secretariat: ARAI, PunePresent Secretary- Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe, Sr. Deputy Director, ARAI Member Organizations: MoRT&H, MoHI&PE, MSME, Test Agencies, vehicle/ component manufacturers, Bureau of Indian Standards, etc.AIS StandardsAISC Secretariat at ARAI publishes AIS standards on behalf of AISC Committeeand Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. These standards are available aspriced documents through Knowledge Centre, ARAI(Contact: Mrs. Seema Das, Knowledge Centre, ARAI. Email: das.lib@. ) AIS standards are currently available in following Volumes:1. CMVR-Type Approval Certification2. EMI/ Lighting/ Light-signalling Devices3. Tyres/ Brakes/ Stability4. General Safety5. Passive Safety6. Bus Body/ Truck Body Approval7. Miscellaneous Testing8. CNG vehicles9. LPG vehicles10. Battery operated vehicles11. Automotive Rubber Components12. Automotive Industry Standards (AISs) Agricultural Tractors11/11。

印度汽车安全玻璃准入制度和法规介绍英文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1IntroductionAs a key component of vehicle safety, automotive safety glass plays a critical role in protecting vehicle occupants in the event of a crash. In India, the introduction of a comprehensive system for the approval and regulation of automotive safety glass is crucial to enhance road safety and reduce the risk of injury in accidents. This document aims to provide an overview of the current status of the automotive safety glass approval system in India, including relevant regulations and standards.Regulatory BackgroundIn India, the regulatory framework for automotive safety glass is primarily governed by the Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR), which are administered by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). The CMVR sets forth the requirements for the approval of automotive safety glass, including specifications for material composition, impact resistance, transparency levels, and other performance criteria.The Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, under Section 52, specifies the standards for safety glass used in vehicles.In addition to the CMVR, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has also developed standards for automotive safety glass, such as IS 2553:1989, which specifies the requirements for laminated safety glass for motor vehicles. These standards provide manufacturers with guidance on the design, manufacturing, and testing of automotive safety glass to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.Approval ProcessTo obtain approval for automotive safety glass in India, manufacturers must submit their products for testing and certification by authorized testing agencies. These testing agencies evaluate the conformance of safety glass products to the relevant standards and specifications, including impact resistance, optical quality, chemical durability, and other performance criteria. Upon successful completion of the testing process, manufacturers receive a certificate of approval from the testing agency, which allows them to market and sell their products in the Indian market.In addition to testing and certification, manufacturers must also comply with labeling requirements for automotive safetyglass products. The CMVR mandates that all safety glass products bear a mark of certification indicating compliance with the relevant standards. This labeling requirement helps consumers identify approved safety glass products and make informed purchasing decisions.Challenges and OpportunitiesWhile India has made significant progress in establishing a regulatory framework for automotive safety glass, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to improve the effectiveness of the approval system. One of the key challenges is the enforcement of regulations and standards, as some manufacturers may attempt to bypass the approval process or produce substandard safety glass products. Strengthening enforcement measures and increasing penalties fornon-compliance are essential to ensure the integrity of the approval system.Furthermore, there is a need to enhance awareness among vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, and consumers about the importance of using approved automotive safety glass. Promoting the benefits of safety glass and educating stakeholders about the risks of non-compliant products can helpincrease compliance with regulatory requirements and improve road safety in India.ConclusionIn conclusion, the establishment of a robust system for the approval and regulation of automotive safety glass is essential to enhance road safety and protect vehicle occupants in India. By adhering to regulatory requirements, manufacturers can ensure the quality and performance of their safety glass products, thereby reducing the risk of injury in accidents. Continued efforts to strengthen enforcement, promote compliance, and raise awareness about the importance of safety glass will help create a safer environment for all road users in India.篇2IntroductionIn recent years, India has witnessed a significant increase in the number of vehicles on its roads. With this surge in vehicular traffic, the importance of automobile safety has also come to the forefront. One crucial component of vehicle safety is the use of safety glass in automobiles, particularly in windshields and windows. In order to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers, India has implemented a stringent set of regulations governingthe use of safety glass in vehicles. This article aims to provide an overview of the regulatory framework surrounding the use of safety glass in Indian automobiles.Regulatory FrameworkIn India, the use of safety glass in automobiles is governed by the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, which lays down the specifications and standards for various components of a motor vehicle, including windshields and windows. As per these rules, safety glass must meet certain criteria in terms of thickness, strength, and durability in order to be deemed suitable for use in vehicles. Additionally, safety glass must also adhere to specific standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in order to ensure high quality and reliability.Types of Safety GlassThere are two main types of safety glass used in automobiles: tempered glass and laminated glass. Tempered glass is a type of safety glass that is treated with heat or chemicals to make it stronger and more resistant to impact. When tempered glass breaks, it shatters into small, blunt pieces, reducing the risk of injury to occupants. Laminated glass, on the other hand, consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together with a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) in between. This design prevents theglass from shattering upon impact, thereby providing additional protection to occupants.Approval ProcessBefore safety glass can be used in vehicles in India, it must undergo a rigorous approval process to ensure that it meets the required standards and specifications. Manufacturers of safety glass must submit samples of their products to accredited testing laboratories for assessment. These laboratories conduct a series of tests to evaluate the strength, durability, and impact resistance of the safety glass. Once a sample has successfully passed all the required tests, the manufacturer can apply for certification from the BIS, which certifies that the safety glass meets Indian standards.EnforcementIn order to ensure compliance with safety glass regulations, Indian authorities carry out regular inspections of vehicles to check the quality and integrity of safety glass. Vehicles found to be using substandard or non-compliant safety glass may be issued fines or penalties, and the offending vehicles may be prohibited from operating until the safety glass is replaced with approved products. This enforcement mechanism plays a crucialrole in maintaining the safety and integrity of vehicles on Indian roads.ConclusionThe use of safety glass in automobiles is a critical component of vehicle safety, and India has implemented stringent regulations to ensure that only high-quality, reliable safety glass is used in vehicles. By complying with these regulations, manufacturers and vehicle owners can help prevent accidents and injuries on Indian roads. Moving forward, it is essential for all stakeholders in the automotive industry to prioritize the use of safety glass and adhere to regulatory standards in order to ensure the safety and well-being of drivers and passengers.篇3IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the safety of automobiles in India. One crucial component of vehicle safety is the use of safety glass for windscreens and windows. In light of this, the Indian government has implemented stringent regulations and a mandatory approval process for safety glass used in vehicles. In this article, we will discuss the regulations and approval process for safety glass in Indian automobiles.Regulations and StandardsThe Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the governing body responsible for setting standards for safety glass used in automobiles in India. BIS has specified certain requirements that safety glass must meet in order to be deemed suitable for use in vehicles. These requirements include impact resistance, optical clarity, and resistance to shattering.There are several types of safety glass that are commonly used in vehicles:1. Laminated Glass: This type of safety glass is made by sandwiching a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) between two layers of glass. In the event of an impact, the PVB layer holds the glass together, preventing it from shattering.2. Tempered Glass: Tempered glass is made by heating glass to a high temperature and then cooling it rapidly. This process gives the glass increased strength and resistance to impact.3. Toughened Glass: Toughened glass is similar to tempered glass, but it undergoes a different heating and cooling process. Toughened glass is more resistant to thermal stress and is often used in side windows.Approval ProcessIn order for safety glass to be used in vehicles in India, it must undergo a rigorous approval process. The manufacturer of the safety glass must submit samples to the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) for testing. The samples are subjected to various tests to ensure they meet the requirements set by BIS.Some of the tests that the safety glass samples must undergo include:1. Impact Test: The samples are subjected to impacts from a pendulum to assess their resistance to breakage.2. Optical Clarity Test: The samples are tested for their optical clarity to ensure they do not distort the driver's field of vision.3. Shattering Test: The samples are tested to ensure they do not shatter into sharp shards when broken.Once the safety glass samples pass all the required tests, they are granted approval by ARAI. The manufacturer can then use the approved safety glass in their vehicles.Benefits of Safety GlassThe use of safety glass in vehicles has numerous benefits, including:1. Improved Safety: Safety glass reduces the risk of injuries in the event of an accident by preventing the glass from shattering.2. Enhanced Security: Safety glass makes it more difficult for thieves to break into vehicles, improving security.3. UV Protection: Some types of safety glass offer UV protection, reducing the risk of sun damage to the interior of the vehicle.4. Noise Reduction: Safety glass helps to insulate the interior of the vehicle, reducing external noise.ConclusionIn conclusion, the Indian government has implemented strict regulations and an approval process for safety glass used in vehicles. By adhering to these regulations and standards, manufacturers can ensure the safety and security of vehicles on Indian roads. The use of safety glass not only enhances vehicle safety but also offers additional benefits such as UV protection and noise reduction. With the continued focus on vehicle safety, safety glass will play a crucial role in improving road safety in India.。

第1篇一、概述印度，作为世界上人口第二多的国家，其交通法律体系庞大而复杂。

印度的交通法律规定涵盖了机动车管理、道路使用、交通违法行为处理等多个方面。

以下将从印度交通法律的基本原则、机动车管理、道路使用、交通违法行为处理等方面进行详细介绍。

二、基本原则1. 安全第一原则印度交通法律规定，一切交通活动必须以保障人身安全为首要原则。

驾驶员和行人都有责任遵守交通规则，确保交通安全。

2. 公平原则印度交通法律规定，所有交通参与者都应享有平等的权益。

在处理交通违法行为时，应公平公正，不偏袒任何一方。

3. 预防为主原则印度交通法律规定，政府、企业和个人都有责任预防和减少交通事故的发生。

通过加强交通安全宣传教育、完善交通设施等措施，提高交通安全水平。

4. 法律法规优先原则印度交通法律规定，一切交通活动都必须遵守国家法律法规。

当法律法规与地方性规定发生冲突时，以国家法律法规为准。

三、机动车管理1. 机动车登记印度交通法律规定，所有机动车必须办理登记手续。

机动车所有人需携带相关证件到车辆管理部门办理登记，取得机动车行驶证。

2. 机动车检验印度交通法律规定，机动车必须定期进行安全技术检验。

检验合格后，车辆管理部门核发检验合格标志。

3. 驾驶员管理印度交通法律规定，驾驶员必须持有有效驾驶证。

驾驶证分为不同类别，驾驶员需根据所驾驶的机动车类型选择相应的驾驶证。

4. 机动车保险印度交通法律规定，机动车所有人必须购买机动车交通事故责任强制保险。

保险公司根据事故责任划分，对受害方进行赔偿。

四、道路使用1. 道路通行规则印度交通法律规定，机动车、非机动车和行人必须按照道路通行规则行驶。

道路通行规则包括：行驶方向、车道使用、限速、停车、让行等。

2. 交通信号印度交通法律规定，交通信号包括交通信号灯、交通标志、交通标线等。

交通参与者必须遵守交通信号指示。

3. 道路设施印度交通法律规定，道路设施包括道路、桥梁、隧道、交通信号等。

道路设施的建设和维护必须符合国家标准。

1 引言印度作为世界人口第二大国，汽车保有量极大，并蕴藏着巨大的消费潜力。

印度拥有丰富的劳动力和低成本制造资源，已经吸引越来越多的跨国整车企业在当地投资建厂，印度已是多家海外OEM的低成本制造和出口基地。

印度为统一产品监管标准和要求，确保产品质量和安全，于1955年开始推行产品认证制度。

凡列入强制认证的产品，都需按印度产品标准获得产品认证证书才能进入市场。

因此，准备打入印度市场的生产企业，有必要对其产品认证制度有所了解。

2 准入认证及技术法规2.1 监管机构2.1.1 印度标准局印度标准局（BIS）隶属于印度工商部，2009年11月19日，印度政府依据印度标准局1986年签发的第68号法案的第14部分，授予印度标准局BIS进行轮胎强制认证。

明确规定在180天的公示期后，严禁不符合印度标准的，没有ISI Mark的轮胎进入印度市场。

印度为统一产品监管标准和要求，确保产品质量和安全，于推行产品认证制度。

按《1986标准局法》，印度的产品认证实行自愿认证原则，但考虑到公众健康和安全及大众消费等因素，印度政府通过发布及时法令，对特定产品实施强制认证，旨在为最终消费者提供有质量保证、安全可靠的产品。

2.1.2 印度汽车研究协会ARAICMVR是中央机动车法规的简写。

所有适用于CMVR法规的汽车整车与零部件诸如喇叭、汽车玻璃、汽车灯具、座椅、门锁门铰链、制动软管、灯泡、轮辋、三角警告牌、回复反射器、油箱、发动机灯都必须向印度交通部认可的认证机构ARAI申请认证。

轮胎则需要向BIS印度标准局申请认证。

ARAI是印度机动车研究协会的简写，位于印度汽车工业城市——浦那。

2.2 管制产品2.2.1 BIS监管汽车零部件中的轮胎IS 15633—轿车类轮胎； IS15636—卡客车类轮胎； IS 15627—两三轮车用轮胎；IS 13908—充气内胎。

2.2.2 ARAI管制产品主要负责汽车整车性能的评估，如整车制动、ABS、碰撞、制动软管等，依据AIS标准或IS标准进行认证测试试验。

印度机动车标准清单序号法规编号1AIS-001后视镜性能2AIS-002 后视镜安装3AIS-003 爬坡4AIS-004-1电磁辐射--允许值和测试方法5AIS-004-2 电磁抗干扰--允许值和测试方法6AIS-004-3电磁兼容性7AIS-005安全带总成要求8AIS-006 M1类车辆保险杠测试方法9AIS-007 厂家提交的产品技术文件10AIS-008除农用拖拉机、特殊用途的挂车、半挂车、大于三轮机动车的灯具安装要求11AIS-0092-3轮车及其挂车和半挂车的灯具安装要求12AIS-010-1 发非对称光的LED和灯丝灯泡的形式认证统一规定13AIS-010-2发对称光的气体放电和灯丝灯泡的形式认证统一规定14AIS-010 -3L类车及其挂车和半挂车的前大灯、后位置灯、制动灯、转向灯、后牌照等、倒车灯的形式认证统一规定15AIS-010-4气体放电前大灯形式认证的统一规定16AIS-010-5灯具颜色要求17AIS-011M1类车以外的四轮机动车的雨刮器性能要求18AIS-012 大于三轮的机动车灯具性能要求19AIS-013 汽车-喷溅抑制系统20AIS-014汽车-喇叭的安装21AIS-015安全带固定点22AIS-016M1类车座椅、座椅固定点、头枕23AIS-017中央机动车法规一致性认证程序24AIS-018限速器25AIS-019M1类车雨刮器及清洗系统26AIS-020 内部噪声的测试方法及其要求27AIS-021 M1类车驾驶员视野28AIS-022 三角警告牌性能29AIS-023 M2、M3和N类车的座椅、座椅固定点和头枕30AIS-024CNG驱动车辆的形式认证的安全和程序要求31AIS-025 LPG驱动车辆的形式认证的安全和程序要求32AIS-026 LPG内燃机驱动的四轮车辆的操作守则33AIS-027 LPG内燃机驱动的2-3轮车辆的操作守则34AIS-028 CNGG内燃机驱动的4轮车辆的操作守则35AIS-029商用车驾驶室强度36AIS-030农用拖拉机灯具安装要求37AIS-031大客车上层结构安全38AIS-033四轮车用塑料燃料油箱39AIS-034 -1机动车及其挂车灯丝灯泡形式认证统一规定40AIS-034-2机动车及其挂车气体放电灯泡形式认证统一规定41AIS-035脚控制器的排布42AIS-037 安全关键零部件的产品形式认证的建立和程序43AIS -038 电动车--结构和功能安全要求44AIS-039 电动车--电能消耗测试方法45AIS-040 电动车--检测范围的测试方法46AIS-041 电动车--净功率和最大30分钟净功率及速度47AIS-042 农用拖拉机转向力要求48AIS-043 农用拖拉机及其挂车间的连接件性能要求和制动要求49AIS-044 -1商用车轮胎50AIS-044 -2轿车轮胎51AIS-044 -3 两三轮胎52AIS-045 3轮车及相关车辆的雨刮系统53AIS-046 操控稳定性54AIS-047 M1类以外车辆的内饰件55AIS-048 电动车--电瓶的安全要求56AIS-049 电动车的CMVR 形式认证57AIS- 050 两三轮车轮胎选择和认证58AIS-051两三轮车以外车辆的轮胎的选择和认证59AIS-052客车车身设计操作守则和认证60AIS-053 机动车-型号-术语61AIS-055 CNG/LPG车辆--测试范围的评估方法62AIS-056 机动车--摩托车增强驾驶室舒适性的测试方法63AIS-057 机动车及其挂车的回复反射器形式认证统一规定64AIS-058 -1 摩托车头盔65AIS-058-2 摩托车头盔的遮阳板66AIS-059 转速表67AIS-060 机动车控制线束的通用指南68AIS-061 机动车及其挂车的制动衬片总成和制动鼓的衬片的更换要求69AIS-062 农用拖拉机灯具性能要求70AIS-063校车的要求71AIS-064-1商用车翻新充气式轮胎72AIS-064-2轿车翻新充气式轮胎73AIS-065 VIN的位置及其制作方法74AIS-066 使用热重力和红外傅里叶转换分析车用橡胶指南75AIS-068客车的玻璃安装要求76AIS-069 前防下钻保护装置77AIS-070 车辆或底盘用临时驾驶室要求78AIS-071-1控制器件的标识79AIS-071-2 控制器件的位置及操作要求80AIS-072 儿童约束系统81AIS-073 -1两三轮车-轻质合金轮辋-测试方法和要求82AIS-073 -2两三轮车-薄板轮辋-测试方法和要求83AIS-073-3两三轮车-轮辐轮辋-测试方法和要求84AIS-074 两三轮车防盗85AIS-075 四轮机动车防盗86AIS-076 M1和N1警报系统87AIS-077 机动车同步皮带性能要求88AIS-078 机动车V带性能要求89AIS-079 金属塑料粘合件性能评估程序90AIS-080 橡胶衬套组件性能评估程序91AIS-081 汽车橡胶垫圈的分类和测试要求92AIS-082 压燃式发动机冷却软管93AIS-083 前大灯清洁器及其安装要求94AIS-084 -1 机动车防雾系统性能要求95AIS-084-2 机动车防霜系统性能要求96AIS-085 机动车密封条性能要求97AIS-086 油封和O环的性能要求98AIS-087 弹性消声器分析指南99AIS-088 慢速车辆、农用车及其挂车和半挂车用后标识牌的性能要求100AIS-089 重型长车后标识牌的认证101AIS-090 重型长车及其挂车的回复反射器认证102AIS-091-1农用拖拉机以外车辆的机械连接件103AIS-092 CCD的形式认证104AIS-093 卡车驾驶室、卡车车身和拖车的设计和形式认证操作守则105AIS-095 金属燃料油箱要求106AIS-096 正碰转向机构性能要求107AIS-097 H点的检测108AIS-098 正碰对乘员的保护要求109AIS-099 侧碰对乘员的保护要求110AIS-100 行人保护要求111AIS-102-1混合动力车CMVR 形式认证112AIS-102 -2GVW>3500kg的M和N类车的CMVR形式认证113AIS-103 两三轮喷溅抑制系统114AIS-104 农用拖拉机燃料油箱115AIS-105 农用拖拉机镇流器质量要求116AIS-106 农用拖拉机承载台性能要求117AIS-107 农用拖拉机驾驶员视野要求118AIS-110 机动车备用车胎/轮要求119AIS-111 农用拖拉机乘员座椅要求120AIS-114 农用拖拉机-后视镜安装要求121AIS-115-1农用拖拉机内部噪音测试方法122AIS-115-2农用拖拉机外部噪音测试方法123AIS-116 农用拖拉机最大车速124SS 12.1 除排量500cc以下的三轮车、摩托车和牵引器以外的其他车辆的仪表盘和控制件125SS 15.1 机动车的灯光、声音、指示系统126SS 33.1 机动车、挂车、牵引车用的2-35吨拖钩。

印度汽车法规认证要求
1.安全标准要求：
印度汽车法规认证对车辆的安全性能提出了一系列要求。

其中包括碰撞安全性能测试、制动系统性能测试、车灯和反光器件要求、安全气囊等被动安全设备要求等。

这些要求旨在确保车辆在发生事故时能够提供足够的保护和安全性能。

2.排放标准要求：
印度汽车法规认证要求车辆的尾气排放符合国家的排放标准。

印度已经实施了类似于欧洲的欧洲排放标准，被称为BS（Bharat Stage）排放标准。

这些排放标准对汽车的排放浓度、颗粒物和污染物排放限制等提出了具体要求。

车辆需要通过排放测试来证明其排放达到国家规定的标准。

3.燃油效率要求：
印度目前制定了燃油效率标准以鼓励汽车制造商生产燃油效率更高的车辆。

这些标准要求汽车制造商在一定时间内提高其车辆的燃油效率。

为了获得认证，汽车制造商需要提供燃油效率测试报告以证明其车辆符合国家标准。

印度汽车法规认证要求汽车制造商定期进行安全检查和审核，以确保符合国家法规和标准的要求。

这些检查包括车辆设计和制造流程的审核、原材料供应链的检查、产品质量和安全性能的检测等。

这些检查和审核帮助确保汽车制造商一直符合国家的要求。

总的来说，印度汽车法规认证对于汽车的安全性能、排放性能、燃油效率以及安全标识等方面提出了具体要求。

这些要求旨在确保汽车在印度
市场销售和使用时能够满足国家的法规和标准，保证公众的安全和健康。

汽车制造商需要通过相关的测试和审核程序，才能获得印度汽车法规认证，并在市场上销售他们的产品。