英语被动语态
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英语被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线局部):His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,能够看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的使用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。
)The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。
)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。
)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
)He was awarded first prize in that contest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。
)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
英语:被动语态被动语态 (Passive Voice)语态(Voice),作为一个语法范畴,是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。
当主语为动作执行者即施动者时,动词用主动态;如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时,动词便用被动态。
例如:(1) John helped Peter.(2) Peter was helped by John.句(1) helped是主动态;句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的,而被动态是有标记的。
构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。
被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。
如:一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词;而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。
本册要掌握的被动语态形式有:一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词【e.g.】Football is played all over the world.I’m often asked to do this work.我常常被派做这项工作。
一般过去时:was/were +过去分词【e.g.】The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi’an.They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.When was the building completed?这座大楼什么时候建成的?一般将来时:will (shall) + be +过去分词be going to + be + 过去分词【e.g.】The result of the exam will be known soon.They are going to be given a difficult test.一般过去将来时:should(would) be+过去分词【e.g.】The teacher said the results would be published soon.He told me that the film would be shown the next week.现在进行时:am/is/are + being +过去分词【e.g.】The new airport is being built by a foreign company.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。
七种被动语态形式被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构,用来表达句子的主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
在英语中,被动语态由助动词"be"和动词的过去分词构成。
下面是七种常用的被动语态形式及其示例:1. 一般被动语态(Simple Passive)一般被动语态用于表达一般的情况、事实或真理。
它的结构是:主语+ to be + 过去分词。
示例:- The book is written by a famous author. (这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
)- English is spoken in many countries. (英语在许多国家都是使用的。
)2. 进行被动语态(Continuous Passive)进行被动语态用于表达正在进行的动作。
它的结构是:主语 + to be + being + 过去分词。
示例:- The house is being built by a team of construction workers. (这幢房子正在被一队建筑工人建造。
)- The car is being repaired at the garage. (这辆车正在修理厂修理。
)3. 完成被动语态(Perfect Passive)完成被动语态用于表达已经完成的动作。
它的结构是:主语 + to have been + 过去分词。
示例:- The cake has been eaten by all the guests. (这个蛋糕已经被所有的客人吃掉了。
)4. 一般完成被动语态(Simple Perfect Passive)一般完成被动语态用于表达已经完成的一般情况、事实或真理。
它的结构是:主语 + to have been + 过去分词。
示例:- The job offer has been rejected by many applicants. (这个工作邀请已经被许多申请人拒绝了。