动词的分类

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动词的分类

一、连系动词类

连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:

1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。

2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。

3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep, remain, come, run, stand, lie, stay, prove等。

4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。

注:除了少数几个(如feel, get, become, grow等)外,不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如:

The meat is tasted terrible.( )

The meat tastes terrible( )

Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.( )

Jim pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in.( )

I'm feeling much better than ever before.( )

It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.( )

【典例分析】

(1) ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it ____ very soft.

A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

辨析:对于动词feel 、tear、write等一些动词,如果表示物体本身材料特征,用主动表被动。所以答案选C

(2) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? ——It will ____ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

辨析:stay 是作系动词来用,表示事物状态。所以答案选B

(3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making

a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 注:remain doing /renmain to be done /remain+形容词

(4) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have ____ twenty-one already.

A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed

(5) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ____ before the party.

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change

(6) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale. (04湖北卷)A.

got B. changed C. went D. appeared

(7) The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of

nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

(8) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in

the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes

二、感官动词类

常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。

1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。(被动式:be seen to do sth)

I often heard the song(to be) sung, but I have never heard you sing it.

When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team

win.

2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。(被动式:be seen doing sth)

Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.

Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.

3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。

After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.

Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 【典例分析】

(1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C.carried out D. to carry out

(2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

(3) The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

(4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ____ and let her off.

A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C .to steal D. stealing (key: CBAD)

三、使役动词类

表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,分以下三种情况:

1) make, let ,have等后接不带to的不定式,(make/let/have sb do)表“使/让某人/某物做某事” (get/leave/set sb to do )

Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.

_________________________________________________________如果你有任何问题,请让我知道。

注:在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被动结构中.

He was made to apologize to the guest.

______________________________________________________今天早上我被叫去整理自己的房间。

2) have/ keep/ leave/ send/ set / get sb doing 表持续性动作。

Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?

_____________________________________________________________我很抱歉让你等了这么久。

3) have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式,表被动含义。(have/get/leave/make sth done)

(make/keep sb done ) 让某人做某事

You 'd better have your teeth___________(pull)out. 你最好请人将你的牙齿拔掉。 His actions made him universally respected.

____________________________________________________________________我一有消息就会通报你

【典例分析】

(1) Don't leave the water_____while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

(2) Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get

Parent______. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry

(3) It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night.

A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned

(4) ---Good morning, can I help you? ---I'd like to have this package ____,madam.

A. be weighed B. weighing C. weighed D. to weigh

(5) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____.

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard