虚拟语气和情态动词
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中的情态动词和虚拟语气有哪些情态动词(Modal Verbs)是一类特殊的动词,在英语中常用来表达情态、态度、意愿、推测、能力、建议等含义,通常用来修饰其他动词。
而虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是一种用来表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非现实情况的语气。
情态动词一共有十个,它们分别是can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must、ought to。
这些情态动词在语言表达中起到了很重要的作用,下面将对它们的具体用法进行介绍。
1. Can和CouldCan表示一种能力、可能性或许可性,用于表达某人能够完成某事。
Could表示过去或将来某个时间点的能力或可能性。
例如:- He can speak three languages fluently.(他能够流利地说三种语言。
)- Could you pass me the salt, please?(你能递给我盐吗?)2. May和MightMay表示许可、可能性或祝愿,用于表示允许某事发生或对现实情况的推测。
Might在语气上更加委婉,表达对现实情况的推测,表示较小的可能性。
例如:- May I borrow your pen?(我可以借用一下你的笔吗?)- I may/might go to the party tonight.(我可能今晚去参加派对。
)3. Shall和ShouldShall用于征询意见或提供建议,主要用于第一人称以及第三人称的单数和复数。
Should表示某事做起来更好,用于提出建议、义务或期望。
例如:- Shall we go out for dinner tonight?(我们今晚出去吃饭吧?)- You should take a break and relax.(你应该休息一下,放松一下。
)4. Will和WouldWill表示意愿、决心或预测,表示对未来的确定或实际情况。
虚拟语气与情态动词的区别及用法解析虚拟语气和情态动词是语法中两个不同的概念,但在一些语法规则和用法上有一些相似之处。
虚拟语气是一种用来表示假设、愿望、建议、要求等非现实情况的语气,它并不是真实存在的,而是对虚构的事件或状态进行描述。
而情态动词则是一类用于表示说话人的态度、推测、能力、许可等情态意义的动词。
一、虚拟语气的用法1. 假设虚拟语气经常用于表示虚拟的假设情况,即与事实相反或不可能实现的情况。
常见的虚拟语气形式包括“如果…(过去式)”,“要是…(过去式)”等。
例如:- If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky.如果我是一只鸟,我就可以在天空中自由飞翔。
2. 愿望虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望,即对现实情况的一种虚构或想象。
常见的虚拟语气形式包括“希望…(过去式)”,“但愿…(过去式)”等。
例如:- I wish I had studied harder last night.我希望昨晚学习更努力一些。
3. 建议、要求虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议、要求等情况。
常见的虚拟语气形式包括“(要求、建议)+过去式”。
例如:- The doctor suggested that I take some rest.医生建议我休息一下。
二、情态动词的用法1. 表示能力、推测情态动词可以用来表示说话人的能力或对某种情况的判断。
常见的情态动词有can、could、may、might等。
例如:- She can swim very well.她游泳技术非常好。
2. 表示许可、允许情态动词还可以表示许可或允许的意思。
常见的情态动词有can、may等。
例如:- Can I borrow your pen?我能借用你的笔吗?3. 表示义务、应该情态动词也可以表示说话人对某种行为或义务的责任或要求。
常见的情态动词有should、ought to等。
例如:- You should apologize to him for your mistake.你应该为你的错误向他道歉。
谓语动词情态动词、虚拟语气要点一情态动词的基本用法,could温馨提示can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况;常译为“有时会”;,might温馨提示may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t;may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”; ,would温馨提示would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在;,should,ought to,have to温馨提示1在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to;2 mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”;3 must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化;的用法的用法温馨提示1dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式;2dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略;要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done;It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet.昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿;I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad.刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了;have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气;You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best.你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力;might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”;其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”;It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else.去他家没用; 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方;ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意;其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done表示“本不该做某事却做了”;With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night.所有的工作都做完了,我昨晚本该去参加宴会的;You ought not to have made fun of is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不应该取笑他的;他不是你要嘲笑的人而是你应该学习的榜样;’t have done表示“本没有必要做某事却做了”,多用于否定句中;You needn’t have waken me up;I don’t have to go to work today.你本不必叫醒我的;我今天不上班;注意:needn’t do表示“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来;You needn’t telephone him now,for he isn’t at home.你现在不必打电话给他,因为他不在家;have done表示“本来会做……而事实上未做到”;Without your help,I wouldn’t have achieved so much.没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩的;要点三虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法(一)基本用法二混合虚拟语气有时非真实条件句的动作和主句的动作不同时发生,或主从句的动作有一个是事实,这种情况下谓语动词要根据各自的具体情况来确定;如:If he had worked hard at his lesson,he would be in college now.如果他努力学习,现在已经考上大学了;三含蓄虚拟语气有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的,而是通过一些词或短语来表示,如without,but for,otherwise,but等;如:I couldn’t have finished the work on time without your help.如果没有你的帮助,我无法按时完成这项工作;But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble.如果没有你及时的提醒,我们已陷入大麻烦里;四非真实条件句中省略if的用法如果非真实条件句中有had,were,should,可省略if,而将had,were,should提前形成部分倒装;如:Had he taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听取我的建议的话,他就不会犯这种错了;Should it be sunny tomorrow,we would go hiking.如果明天晴天,我们会去徒步旅行;Were there no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有空气和水,地球上也不会有生命;要点四虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用一虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望;其谓语动词构成形式为:一般过去时宾语从句动作与wish同时;过去完成时宾语从句动作先于wish;could/would+动词原形宾语从句动作后于wish;如:How I wish you had joined us in singing the song我多么希望你加入我们一起唱歌;I wish you could accompany me to Shanghai next week.我希望你下周陪我去上海;2.在would rather/prefer后的宾语从句中;其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时be用were表示对现在或将来的虚拟:宾语从句谓语动词用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟;如:I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.我宁愿他们没听到那个消息;对现在的虚拟I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息;对过去的虚拟3.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时;如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时;如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时;如:He looks as if he were an artist.同时他看起来像个艺术家;She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.先于她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语一样;He learns English so hard as if he would go to the 后于他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国一样;4.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中;常见的动词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,desire,recommend等;这些动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”;如:He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow.他建议明天一定把任务完成;二虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法is high timethat...句型中该句中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时;此句型意为“现在该……”,用来表示提议;如:It is high time that you went to school.你该去上学了;if从句中的虚拟语气在even if/even though引导的让步状语从句中,表示与所发生的事实相反时,应采用虚拟语气,其让步状语从句中虚拟语气的构成形式与条件句中虚拟语气的构成形式相同;如:Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.什么都挽救不了他,即使他的看护没有被延误;3.在其他状语从句中的虚拟语气在in case,lest,for fear that引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”,从句谓语动词常为“should+动词原形”;如:He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨;4.用于if only引导的感叹句中If only+句子=How I wish+that从句that可省略.如:If only I were a flying bird=How I wish I were a flying bird我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊If only I had seen the film=How I wish I had seen the film我要是看了那部电影该多好啊练习题,the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.2017北京真题答案can解析考查情态动词;句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书;表示能力,用can“能够”;room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out can do it in the morning.2017天津真题答案needn’t解析考查情态动词;句意:我的房间乱得一团糟,但是今晚出门前我不必打扫;我可以早上再打扫;根据后一句“我可以早上再打扫”可知,此处应用needn’t表示“不必做某事”;3.—Do you have Betty’s phone number—,I be able to reach her yesterday.2017天津真题答案wouldn’t have been解析考查虚拟语气;句意:——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗——是的;如果没有的话,昨天我就找不到她了;这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式,空格所在的句子相当于主句,otherwise相当于一个条件状语从句,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式;you find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.全国大纲真题答案can解析句意:尽管你在伦敦可能发现便宜货,但它总起来说还不是一个购物的便宜去处;表示可能性,故用can;go too coffee is still warm.浙江真题答案can’t have gone解析句意:乔治不可能走太远;他的咖啡还是温的;can’t have done表示对过去否定的推测,意为“不可能已做了……”;6.—Can’t you stay a little longer—It’s getting really go daughter is home alone.北京真题答案must解析句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗——太晚了;我必须要走了,我女儿一个人在家呢;由“时间不早了”和“女儿一个人在家”这两个条件可以推断出“我”必须要走了;所以填must;7.—Sorry,Mum I failed the job interview again.—Oh,it’s too have made full preparations.福建真题答案should解析句意:——对不起,妈妈;我面试又失败了;——噢,太糟糕了;你本应该做充分准备的;should have done形式表示对过去的推测,意为“本应该……”;I see it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.北京真题答案hadn’t seen解析句意:如果不是亲眼看到,我是不会相信的;因为主句使用的是would have done的形式,所以从句使用过去完成时态,表示对过去的虚拟;is lucky we booked a room,or we have nowhere to stay now.安徽真题答案would have解析句意:幸运的是我们预定了一个房间,否则现在我们就没有地方待了;由时间状语now可知,主句是对现在的虚拟,所以使用would have;典例1 You be careful with the costs四川真题剖析must句意:你一定要小心使用这部相机;它花了不少钱呢后面一句It costs使用了一般现在时,表达事实情况,再根据句意,相机价格昂贵,所以一定must要小心使用;典例2 My book,The House of Hades,is have taken it陕西真题剖析could句意:我的书海兹的房屋不见了;是谁拿走了呢结合语境可知,此处表示对过去情况的推测,用在疑问句中,表达可能性,故填could;典例3 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.四川真题剖析would句意:我仍然记得我的幸福童年,那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园;would表示过去的一种习惯;one be more generous;he has a heart of gold.答案can/could解析句意:没有人比他更慷慨;他有一颗金子般的心;根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处是否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的含义,所以用can或could;door not open,no matter how hard she pushed.答案would解析句意:不管她怎么用力推,门就是打不开;主句有“即使尽力想让某事发生也达不到预期的效果”的含义,所以用would not 表达;sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案couldn’t解析句意:当他苦苦想主意时,尽管他尽力去睡,但直到他想出主意来,他才能睡着;根据语境及“although he tried to”可知,此处说的是过去的能力,而且表示否定,填couldn’t;4.—What are you doing this Saturday—I’m not sure,but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.答案might/may解析句意:——本周六你打算干什么——我也不确定,但是我可能去听滚石乐队的音乐会;根据这里的“I’m not sure”可知,本句用might或may表示不确定的推测;not enjoy myself more—it was a perfect day.答案couldn’t have enjoyed解析句意:我从未玩得这么开心过——这是完美的一天;根据句意和结构可知,这里用couldn’t have done表示“不可能做过”,后面的enjoy...more是比较级,与not连用表示最高级的含义,意为“从未比这更高兴过”;children get lost in the wood;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.答案must have got解析句意:孩子们一定是在树林里走丢了,否则,他们就会按照预定时间来到湖边的宿营地了;根据句意可知,这里表示对过去事情的肯定推测,所以要用must have done的结构;nobody gave him any help,he have done the research on his own.答案must解析句意:既然没有人给他任何帮助,他一定是自己做的那项研究;根据句意可知,这里是对过去事实的肯定推测,所以用must have done结构;8.—Why are your eyes so red You have slept well last night.—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.答案can’t/couldn’t解析句意:——你的眼睛为什么这么红你昨晚肯定没有睡好;——是的,我熬夜写了一篇报告;由题中的关键信息“stayed up late writing a report”可推测“昨晚没有睡好”,此处用can’t/couldn’t have done这一结构表示说话人对过去事情的比较肯定的否定推测,即“不可能”;9.—It rained cats and dogs this ’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we have.答案hadn’t解析句意:——今天早上大雨滂沱;我非常高兴我们带了雨伞;——是的,如果我们不带雨伞的话一定全身都湿透了;根据句意和时间状语this morning可知,本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以要用hadn’t,这是if we hadn’t taken an umbrella的省略;should not have laughed if I think you were serious.答案had thought解析句意:如果我当时想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了;if引导非真实条件句,根据主句的谓语动词should not have laughed可以推出,本句所表达的内容与过去事实相反,所以if引导的非真实条件句中应使用过去完成时;mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend.答案should eat解析句意:妈妈建议我们本周末出去吃饭来换换口味;表建议、命令类的词,如:suggest,propose,demand,request,order 等引导的宾语从句,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式;go to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available.答案would/should have gone解析句意:要不是没时间,昨天晚上我就去参加我堂妹的生日聚会了;根据句意及时间状语last night可知,前一分句表示与过去事实相反的情况;often hear that children wish they be grown-ups,and that old people wish to be young.2017四川凉山州二次诊断答案were解析句意:我们经常听说孩子们希望长大,而老人们希望年轻;wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气;设空处be与wish 同时发生,故用一般过去时,因此本题答案为were;would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.2017江苏淮安四次调研答案had解析句意:要不是她年轻时在工作上给自己施加那么大压力,现在她的身体会好得多;根据句意可知从句部分是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语动词应为“had+过去分词”形式,本句中将if省略了,had提到句首,故设空处填had;old lady insisted that the young man had stolen her wallet and that he send to the police station.2017浙江艾青中学质检答案should be sent解析句意:那位老太太坚持说那个年轻人偷了她的钱包并坚持要把他送到警局;insist作“坚持要做某事”讲时,其宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略;wish I be at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.答案had been解析句意:我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼,但那时我正在纽约出差;wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时;’t handle the vase as if it made of steel.答案were解析句意:不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成的一样;as if“仿佛,好像”;花瓶并非由钢铁制作,与事实相反,故用虚拟语气;又因前面动词“Don’t”可知是与现在事实相反,故用were;。
语法中的虚拟语气与情态动词的结合虚拟语气是语法中一个重要的概念,它用来表达非真实的情况、假设、愿望或建议。
虚拟语气的使用涉及到情态动词,这是语法中另一个重要的部分。
情态动词用来表示说话人的态度、情感、能力等。
一、虚拟语气的概念和用法虚拟语气是用来表达非真实情况的一种语法形式。
它可以表示假设、愿望、推测、建议等。
虚拟语气通常与“if”引导的条件句、动词的过去式以及情态动词一起使用。
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气在条件句中,如果主句表达的是虚拟的情况,从句使用虚拟语气,即使用“were”代替“was”,无论主语是单数还是复数。
例如:If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(如果我是一只鸟,我会在天空中飞翔。
)2. 愿望中的虚拟语气在表达愿望时,常使用虚拟语气。
例如:I wish I could go on a vacation.(我希望我能去度假。
)这里的“could”就是虚拟语气。
3. 推测中的虚拟语气在表示对现在或过去情况的推测时,也需要使用虚拟语气。
例如:He acts as if he were the boss.(他表现得像是老板。
)这里的“were”代替了“was”,表示推测的情况。
二、情态动词的作用和用法情态动词是一类特殊的动词,用来表示说话人的态度、情感、能力等。
常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。
1. 表示能力和许可情态动词可以用来表示能力和许可。
例如:I can swim.(我会游泳。
)这里的“can”表示能力。
You may go now.(你现在可以走了。
)这里的“may”表示许可。
2. 表示推测和猜测情态动词也可以用来表示推测和猜测。
例如:He must be tired.(他一定很累。
)这里的“must”表示推测。
3. 表示义务和建议情态动词还可以用来表示义务和建议。
情态动词和虚拟语法用法在英语学习中,情态动词和虚拟语法是两个重要且具有一定难度的语法点。
它们在表达态度、可能性、义务、推测以及假设等方面发挥着关键作用。
先来说说情态动词。
情态动词包括can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would 等等。
这些词本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和不带 to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)一起构成谓语。
Can 表示能力,例如:“I can speak English”(我能说英语。
)Could 是 can 的过去式,用于过去时态,但在某些情况下,could 比 can 语气更委婉,比如“Could you please help me?”(您能帮帮我吗?)May 通常表示许可或可能性,比如“May I come in?”(我可以进来吗?)Might 是 may 的过去式,语气更加委婉、不确定,像“He might come tomorrow”(他明天可能会来。
)Must 表示必须、一定,有一种强烈的义务感,比如“You must finish your homework”(你必须完成作业。
)Shall 用于第一人称,表示将来或征求对方意见,例如“Shall we go shopping?”(我们去购物好吗?)Should 则表示应该,有劝告、建议的意思,比如“You should exercise more”(你应该多锻炼。
)Will 用于表示将来、意愿,像“I will help you”(我会帮你的。
)Would 是 will 的过去式,常用于过去将来时,或者表示更加委婉的意愿,例如“Would you like some coffee?”(您想要来点咖啡吗?)接下来谈谈虚拟语法。
虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、要求等与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
一种常见的虚拟语气形式是 if 引导的条件句。
如果假设的情况与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were),主句用“would/could/should/might +动词原形”。
情态动词与虚拟语气【语法要点】情态动词所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。
学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。
一、情态动词的类型1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would二、情态动词的特征1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。
三、情态动词的用法1.表示能力(1)表示现在的能力,用can或be able to。
表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功的做成某事”用be able to。
(2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。
区别同上。
(3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。
2.表示推测、可能性(1)can用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。
例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days.(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表:情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式must 必定、必然、一定will 很可能、大概不会、不该会……吗?would 可能性较will小不会、不该(较won’t弱)会……吗?(较will弱)should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果)ought to 与should同义can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗?could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t同义)有可能吗?(较can弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不might 或许、可能(较may弱)可能不(较may not弱)注意→(1)may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。
情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”;情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。
虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。
一、概念1.什么是情态动词①本身有一定词义,是表达说话人的情感、态度、语气的词,其作用是给动词增添感情色彩②表现形式:情态动词+动词原形/be2.特点①没有人称和数的变化②不能直接跟宾语,必须搭配实义动词或be动词的原形③情态动词的过去式往往不表时态,而表示更加委婉的语气。
例句:Can/could you help me?2.情态动词的表现形式1)情态动词+do例句:We must help each other to overcome the difficulties.You shouldn’t be so careless.2)情态动词+be doing例句:She must be sleeping now.My mother may/might be cooking now3)情态动词+be done例句:Difficulties can and must be overcome.Something must be done to stop pollution.4)情态动词+have done例句:You ought to have come earlier.They might have finished the work.二、情态动词的分类1.只能作情态动词:must, can/could, may/might2.可作情态动词也可作助动词的:will/would, shall/should3.可作情态动词有可作实义动词的:need,dare4.具有情态动词特征的:ought to, have to, be able to三、分类讲解1.can /could1)表示能力:会,在表示过去的能力时用could例句:I can swim.Lucy can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.The cinema can seat 500 people.I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.2)表允许,许可常用在口语中,此时could 不表示过去式,而表示语气上比can更客气。
语法专题7情态动词和虚拟语⽓情态动词的⽤法情态动词表⽰说话⼈对某⼀动作或状态的态度,可以表⽰“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。
情态动词没有⼈称和数的变化。
但不能单独作谓语动词⽤,必须和不带to的不定式连⽤构成谓语动词。
只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连⽤,在句中作谓语⽤。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式,在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。
现将各情态动词的基本⽤法分述如下:1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本⽤法(1)表⽰能⼒,如:He can speak English better than you.(2)在疑问句和否定句中表⽰“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can thisgreen bike be Liu Dong's?(3)表⽰“许可”时can可以和may换⽤,如:You can (may) go home now.(4)如果要表⽰语⽓婉转,可⽤could代替can,这时could不再是can 的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to 都可表⽰能⼒,两者在意思上没有什么区别。
但是can只能有现在式和过去式,⽽be able to则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do thework better.2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本⽤法(1)表⽰允许或征询对⽅许可,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对⽅说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,⼀般多不⽤may或may not,以避免语⽓⽣硬或不容⽓。
⽽⽤⽐较婉转的说法进⾏回答。
如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对⽅许可时,如果Might I…? 就⽐⽤May I…? 语⽓更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表⽰“阻⽌”或“禁⽌”对⽅做某事时,要⽤must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn?t. It?s too dangerous. (2)may或might都可以表⽰可能性,表⽰“或许”、“可能”之意,如果⽤might表⽰可能性,则语⽓更加不肯定,如:They may (might) bein the library now .3、must的基本⽤法(1)must表⽰“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式must not,缩写形式为mustn't,表⽰“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁⽌”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要⽤needn't或⽤don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答,⽽不⽤mustn't,因为mustn't表⽰的是“禁⽌”或“不许可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.(3)在肯定句中must可以表⽰推测,表⽰“⼀定”或“必定”之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know hisfather has just bought him a new one.4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的⽤法(1)can, could后接完成式的⽤法:①在否定句或疑问句中表⽰对过去发⽣过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表⽰过去可能做到⽽实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语⽓。
原题目:虚拟语气与情态动词区别虚拟语气与情态动词区别虚拟语气和情态动词是中文和英文语法中常见的两个概念,它们在用法和含义上有一些区别。
下面将分别介绍虚拟语气和情态动词,并对它们的区别进行说明。
虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是一种用来表达非现实情况的语气。
它主要用于以下几种情况:1.虚拟条件句:用于表达假设、愿望、建议等。
例如:如果我是你,我会去旅行。
(表达假设)例如:愿你健康快乐。
(表达愿望)2.虚拟假设句:用于表达假设、猜测、推测等。
例如:要是明天下雨,我们就不出去玩了。
(表达假设)例如:我希望他能来参加聚会。
(表达愿望)3.虚拟感叹句:用于表达感叹、遗憾等。
例如:唉,要是我早点知道就好了。
(表达感叹)虚拟语气在中文中的表达方式较为灵活,通常通过上下文以及词语的语气来进行判断。
情态动词情态动词(Modal Verbs)是一类用来表示说话人的态度、能力、推测等的动词。
它们通常没有人称和数的变化,且后面一般接不定式。
常见的情态动词包括:可以、能够、会、必须、应该、愿意等。
情态动词在句子中具有以下几个特点:1.可以用来表达能力、权利、许可等。
例如:我可以帮你做作业。
(表达能力)例如:你可以去看电影。
(表达许可)2.可以用来表达推测、可能性等。
例如:他可能会来参加晚会。
(表达可能性)例如:明天可能会下雨。
(表达推测)3.可以用来表示意愿、建议等。
例如:你应该多锻炼身体。
(表达建议)例如:我愿意帮助你。
(表达意愿)情态动词在英文中有一定的变化规律,例如在一般现在时中,第三人称单数要加“s”。
区别虚拟语气和情态动词的区别主要体现在以下几个方面:1.虚拟语气用于表达非现实情况,而情态动词则用于表达说话人的态度、能力、推测等。
2.虚拟语气的用法较为固定,而情态动词的用法较为灵活。
3.虚拟语气在中文中的表达方式通常通过上下文以及词语的语气来判断,而情态动词则具有一定的变化规律。
在具体的语言表达中,我们需要根据上下文和语境来判断应该使用虚拟语气还是情态动词,以确保符合语法和意义的要求。
语法中的情态动词与虚拟语气的用法在语法中,情态动词和虚拟语气都是重要的概念。
它们在句子中起到不同的作用,用法也各有特点。
本文将详细介绍情态动词和虚拟语气的用法,并指导读者如何正确运用它们。
一、情态动词的用法情态动词是英语中的一类特殊动词,包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must等。
它们通常用来表达说话人的意愿、能力、推测、建议等。
1. 表示能力与可能性情态动词can和could常用来表示能力和可能性。
例如:"She can swim."(她会游泳。
)"I could understand the movie."(我能理解电影。
)在这些句子中,can和could表达了能力与可能性的概念。
2. 表示推测与可能性情态动词may和might用于表示可能性和推测。
例如:"It may rain tomorrow."(明天可能会下雨。
)"She might be late for the meeting."(她可能会迟到会议。
)在这些句子中,may和might表达了对未来事件的推测。
3. 表示义务与建议情态动词should常用于表示义务和建议。
例如:"You should take a break."(你应该休息一下。
)"We should recycle to protect theenvironment."(我们应该回收以保护环境。
)在这些句子中,should表达了建议和应该做的事情。
4. 表示意愿与请求情态动词will和would通常用于表示意愿和请求。
例如:"I will help you with your homework."(我会帮你做作业。
)"Would you please pass me the salt?"(请你递给我盐吗?)在这些句子中,will和would 表达了说话人的意愿和请求。
情态动词和虚拟语气1 ---- When can I come for the photo? I need them tomorrow afternoon.---- They ____be ready by 12:00.A, can B. should C, might D. need2 ---- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.------ Oh, did you? You ___with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stay C, would stay D. must have stayed3 ----- Will you stay for lunch?------Sorry, ____. My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustn' tB. I can' t C, I needn't D. I won't4. Sorry I am late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will5 –---Are you coming to Jeff' s party?------I 'm not sure. I ____ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. would C, should D. might6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ____ your lecture.A. couldn' t have attendedB. needn' t have attendedC. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn' t have attended7. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie8.----- I hear you' ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?A. DoB. MayC. WillD. Should9. I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.A. mustn' t leaveB. shouldn' t have leftC. couldn' t have leftD. needn' t leave10. ------Is John coming by train?-----He should ,but he ____ not . He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may11. ------Write to me when you get home.-------_________.A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can12. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers havebeen collected.A. CanB. willC. mayD. shall13. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn' t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall14. ----- I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter.-----It ____ true because there was little snow there.A. may not beB. won' t beC. couldn' t beD. mustn' t be15. Oh, I' m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldn't eatB. mustn' t have eatenC. shouldn' t have eatenD. mustn' t eat16. How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. hasB. hasC. will haveD. had had17. You can' t imagine that a well – behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the openingceremony?A. canB.shouldC. mayD. must19. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored20. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite I.A. mayB. canC. mustD. should21. -----The room is so dirty. _______we clean it?------Of course.A. WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do22. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at arailway station.A. shouldB. canC. mustD. will23. How _______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A. canB. mustC. needD. may24. ------_______I return the dictionary within three days?------No, you _____. You ____it for five days.A May; needn't; can borrow B. Can; mustn't; would haveC. Must; don't have to; can keepD. Shall; can't should read25. In those days, the old woman ____ sit at the gate for hours, waiting for her son to return from the front.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. would26. It was very kind of you to do the washing up, but you ____ it.A. mustn't have doneB. wouldn 't have doneC. mightn't have doneD. needn't have done27. It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he _____doing his lessons.A. might have spentB. must have spentC. ought to have spentD. could have spent28. You_____ lead a horse to the water, but you ____ make him drink.A. can; mustn'tB. may; cannotC. can; may notD. must; can't29. Our house is on the top of the hill, and in winter the winds ____ be pretty cold.A. mustB. ought toC. canD. need30. My students have taught me much, usually by asking questions that I ____ answer.A. will notB. could notC. am not able toD. would not31. The situation has become extremely tense. A war ____ break out any time between the two sides.A. canB. willC. couldD. must32. ------I saw Jim at the meeting yesterday.-------Did you? I think he ____ have attended, for he is an expert.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. couldn't33. ------ Tom isn' t here now.------_____ left by the back door?A. Must he have B Had he C. Can he have D. Should he have34. I promised to get there before 5 o'clock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _______ for me impatiently.A. may waitB. ought to waitC. could waitD. must be waiting35. My old teacher _______ often go hunting when he lived in the mountain areas.A. shouldB. wouldC. couldD. might i36. He _____ be in his office now, because he phoned me from his home just now.A. mustn'tB. needn’tC. can'tD. shouldn't37. ------Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her course during the three years.------That's right, or she _______ the first place in her school in the 2000 College Entrance Examination. A. spent; wouldn't take B. devoted; wouldn't have takenC. hadn't devoted; hadn't takenD. hadn't spent; couldn't take38. ------Has the doctor arrived yet?-------No, she _______ an hour ago.A. has to comeB. ought to have comeC. should comeD. used to come39. _______ you like to have dinner with us this evening?A. DoB. WouldC. WillD. can40. ------You ought to have made an apology to Mary last night.----- Yes, I know I _____.A. ought toB. have toC. should haveD. must have41. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _____ he?A. didn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. hasn't42. Under more favorable conditions, we _______better.A. need have doneB. should doC. could have doneD. might be doing43. -------Do you regret paying five dollars for the book?------No, I _______ twice as much for it.A. should gladly payB. had gladly paidC. gladly paidD. would gladly have paid44. -------_____ you make so much noise?-----Sorry, I'll take care not to.A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Would45. -------Show me your permit please I--------Oh, it's not in my pocket. It ______.A. might fall outB. could fall outC. should have fallen outD. must have fallen out46. ------Well done Jack!-------Thanks. But given more time, I _____ it better.A. shouldn't have doneB. could have doneC. might not doD. could do47. You _____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.A. ought to comeB. may have comeC. ought to have come D could come48. You _______pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A cann’tB shouldC mustD needn’t49. -------Look at these tracks. It _____be a wolf.-------It needn’t be. It ______be a fox.A must, couldB may, mightC need, mustD could, need50. ------You ______stop me.------Even if you ____it, I won’t allow you to swim across the river.A mustn’t, dare not doB may, dare not doC can, dare to doD needn’t, dare do51. -------You _____ have told him the bad news,which made things even worse. AA, shouldn't B. needn't C, couldn't D. wouldn't52. -----I telephoned you yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.-----Really? My mother was in then, but she _____ in bed.A. must be sleepingB. must have been sleepingC. must have sleptD. should have slept53. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally,A, needn't dress up B. didn't have to dress upC, might not have dressed up D. needn't have dressed up54. It was very kind of you to do the washing up, but you_____it.A. mustn't have doneB. wouldn't have doneC. mightn' t have doneD. didn't have to do55. -------Was he present at the meeting?------He _____ not have attended, it, for he was busy repairing his computer all the time.A canB mightC shouldD must56. ------I feel the house shaking.------So do I. It _____be a sign of an earthquake most probably. Let’s hurry to leave here.A ought toB mustC canD might57 -----Mr. Young, everything is ready for the meeting.------I’m sorry. I _____to tell you the meeting had been put off.A should phoneB ought to have phonedC need to phoneD should have been phoned58 Bob _______to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.A Can’t have beenB mustn’t have beenC shouldn’t have beenD needn’t have been59 Among the 15-year-old children, some ______studying in university while others are still learning to read andwrite.A should have beenB would have beenC can beD must be60 Oh, what a pity. It _____so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you ,but I’ve left themat the table at home..A would have been B. would be C. had been D. was61 -------We expected you yesterday.-------I'm sorry, I_______ you to say that I couldn't be here until today.A. must have calledB. would be callingC. could have been callingD. should have called62 -------I' m told that John had another car accident this morning.--------I believe not. He _____ so careless.A. shouldn't have beenB. wouldn't have beenC. couldn't have beenD. mustn't have been63. ------You didn't hear me until now?---------No. I must _______ soundly when you came in.A. have been sleepingB. have sleptC. be sleepingD. sleep64 Your mother was really anxious about you. You_____ home without a word.A needn't leave B. mustn't leave C. couldn't have left D. shouldn't have left65-----I ' m sony I spent so much money, Dad.------I wish you___so.A. hadn't doneB. didn't doC. haven't doneD. wouldn't do66-----Did’t you explain it to the boss?-----The boss stormed out of the garage before I _______get in a word.A. wouldB. couldC. dared D, might67 You were kind enough to water the flowers/ every day while I was away, but you _____ it.A. mustn't have doneB. wouldn't have doneC. didn't have to doD. mightn't have done68 -------Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?------No, We________,but we decided not to.A. should have goneB. could goC. should goD. could have gone69. ---------What did the doctor say about your mother's illness?--------He suggested that she ______an operation at once.A. must haveB.hadC. haveD. had had70 -------Never touch my computer while I'm away.--------________.A. I shouldn'tB.I mustn'tC.I won'tD.I don't71-----Why does Michael know so much about Angkor Watt?------He ______ have been there , or. . .A. mustB. oughtn't toC. mayD. can't72 -----We want someone to design the new art museum for us.------_____ the young fellow have a try?A.MayB. ShallC.WillD.Need73 ----Why hasn' t Jane arrived yet?------She ______ again in the morning.A. shouldn' t have oversleptB. may have turned off the alarm clockC. must have no one to call herD. should have someone to wake her up74 You ______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A.shouldn't followB. mustn' t followC. couldn' t have been followingD. shouldn' t have been following75 As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _______.A. ought to be saidB. must sayC. have to be saidD. need to say76 It seems as if the sun ______round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.A. circlesB. is circlingC. has been circlingD. were circling77 All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _____ badly wounded and that he ___ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operated onD. was; be operated on78 Some women _______in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made79 I advised that he _________to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____quite well then.A. be sent; was feelingB. was sent; feltC. be sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel80 English is a language that many young people around the world ______ not speak |perfectly but ______ at least understand.A. may, canB. would, mightC. will, mustD. could, migh81 If you ______ wait over there for a minute, Mr. Smith, I' 11 tell our manager you' ve arrived.A. mustB. shouldC. willD. can82 The bus driver insisted that he ________ at normal speed and therefore ______for the child’s death.A. drive; not answerB. was driving; shouldn' t answerC. should drive; shouldn' t have answered D drove; shouldn' t answer83. ________for the doctor’s careful treatment. He _______ till last year.A. If it is not, can't liveB. Were it not; couldn' t liveC. Had it not been; couldn' t have livedD. If they were not; couldn' t live84 We ______ for her because she never came.A. needn't wait B mustn' t have waited C. shouldn' t have waited D. can’t have waited85 ------So you mean I have been too strict with you?-------Well, if I _______ say so.A. mustB. dareC. needD. may86 I' m feeling much better now so you______ call the doctor.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't87 -------You must let us know when you' re in France..--------Yes, I______.A. willB. mustC. have toD. should88 I' m rather surprised you haven't reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you______ this as soon as you found out he was cheating..A, must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done89 I lived with my sister this summer and didn’ t have to pay rent. So I ______ save most of my sala ry.A. couldB. would C was able to D.should90 ---------__________ he come to see you?----------Of course, please. And I' d rather he ______ me the truth.A. Will; informB. Shall; toldC. Should; will sayD. Can; spoke91 It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he______ you when you called.A can' t have seen B. should not have seen C. must not have seen D. need not have seen92 You___ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.A. ought to comeB. could comeC. ought to have comeD. must have come93 Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we_________ during the dayA. should have doneB. would have doneC. must have doneD. may have done94 I asked Miss Jones if I ______ close the window.A. shallB. willC. would D should95 --------- _____ the plane have taken off on time?------ I 'm afraid not. The fog was too thick then.A. CanB. NeedC. MustD. Should96 It' s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There ______ be any difficulty for you tofind somewhere to stay.A. wouldn' tB. mustn' tC. shouldn' tD. needn' t97 On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I was a child, father and I ______ get up early and go fishing.A. couldB. wouldC. mightD. should。