2016年3月11日托福阅读真题及答案解析

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city. One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price. While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century (B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal (C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century (D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century 2. The word "bias偏见" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) diagonal斜线的 (B) slope (C) distortion (D) prejudice 3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas (A) were suspicious of their neighbors (B) were very proud of their lifestyle (C) believed city government had too much power (D) wanted to move to the cities 4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to (A) participate in the urban reform movement (B) seek financial security (C) comply with a government ordinance (D) avoid crime and corruption 5. The word "embraced拥抱" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) suggested (B) overestimated (C) demanded (D) welcomed 6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies? (A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers. (B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth (C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations. (D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas. 7. The word "exorbitant过⾼的(价钱)" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) additional (B) expensive (C) various (D) modified 8. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT (A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies (B) some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments (C) the availability of services was regulated by local government (D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments 9. The word "Proponents⽀持者" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) Experts (B) Pioneers (C) Reviewers (D) Supporters 10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)? (A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities (B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas (C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem (D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories CDBBD ABDDA。

2016年托福写作真题及解析为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题解析,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2016年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。

高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。

细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。

最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。

学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of WesternEurope experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Manycountries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through thenineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances andimproved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases andplagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided abetter diet for the poor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination ofgreater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous.The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise andolder people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who wereforced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the citiessuffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in theirown workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization isunclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were lateto industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its relatedproblems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demandfor both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor toproduce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。

2017年3月11日托福真题回顾Reading:3.11阅读继续保持上期的疯狂趋势，截止目前已经收集到四套题：第一套：荷马史诗松鼠报纸第一篇Homer and Oral Poetry（Literature)P1. 早期的诗歌是被recited and sung, 而不是written. epic poems的最高成就是古希腊Homer的Iliad and OdysseyP2. Iliad和Odyssey是在750 B.C. 到720 B.C. 写的。

I比O早了几十年，导致一个疑问是他们到底是不是一个人写的。

关于他们的Method也有一些争议，既有口头色彩的stock phrase, 也有书面文学long and complex expression.有猜测认为I和O不是Homer一个人写的，而是一些无名人士搜集整理，最后成了我们现在看到的样子。

P3. 观点发生了变化。

有人认为早期oral poem可能是一种再创造，不会读写的人也可能讲出类似的诗歌，他们基于古老的故事内容和固定的模式，通过自己的方式retell the story. P4. Homer也可能是通过这个方式。

他用自己的方式recompose the poem, 从之前的传唱故事吸收了很多固定表达，慢慢展现了自己的风格，通过不停地rehearsal, ,write? in his mind. P5. 到底I和O是何时被written down and fossilized? 大致是接近Homer的时期。

有三种理论：1. 不会读写的Homer口述给别人记录下来； 2. 后人Recited; 3. Homer自己是可以写的，只不过他trained to make oral version. 不管怎样，I和O都代表着Oral poetry的最高成就。

词汇题：1. culmination-high point2. controversy-disagreement3. anonymous-unidentified4. exhibit-display第二篇：Food-Storing strategies of Squirrels(Biology)P1. 精于贮藏食物是Squirrels的特征，简单讲了其中比较典型的territorial pine squirrels store cone的方式。

2016 年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析 (2)托福阅读试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the same time as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was James Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously,Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important.■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material.■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating.Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron,much ofwhich was exported to Britain.But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too,and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production,which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.托福阅读答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.CDF。

托福阅读专项练习题及答案2016年托福阅读专项练习题及答案Naturalists and casual observers alike have been struck by the special relationship between squirrels and acorns (the seeds of oak trees). Ecologists, though, cannot observe these energetic mammals scurrying up and down oak trees and eating and burying acorns without wondering about their complex relationship with trees. Are squirrels dispersers and planters of oak forests or pesky seed predators? The answer is not simple. Squirrels may devour many acorns, but by storing and failing to recover up to 74 percent of them as they do when seedsare abundant, these arboreal rodents can also aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks.Their destructive powers are well documented. According to one report, squirrels destroyed tens of thousands of fallen acorns from an oak stand on the University of Indiana campus. A professor there estimated that each of the large white oaks had produced between two and eight thousand acorns, but within weeks of seed maturity, hardly anintact acorn could be found among the fallen leaves.Deer, turkey, wild pigs, and bears also feed heavily on acorns, but do not store them, and are therefore of no benefit to the trees. Flying squirrels, chipmunks, and mice are also unlikely to promote tree dispersal, as they often store seeds in tree cavities and underground burrows. Only squirrels — whose behavior of caching (hiding) acorns below the leaf litter — often promote successful germination of acorns, and perhaps blue jays, important long-distance dispersers, seem to help oaks spread and reproduce.Among squirrels, though, there is a particularly puzzling behavior pattern. Squirrels pry off the caps of acorns, bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner kernels, and then discard themhalf-eaten. The ground under towering oaks is often littered with thousands of half-eaten acorns, each one only bitten from the top. Why would any animal waste so much time and energy and risk exposure to such predators as red-tail hawks only to leave a large part of each acorn uneaten? While research is not conclusive at this point, one thing thatis certain is that squirrels do hide some of the uneaten portions, and these acorn halves, many of which contain the seeds, may later germinate.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The ecology of oak trees(B) Factors that determine the feeding habits of Squirrels(C) Various species of animals that promote the dispersal of tree seeds(D) The relationship between squirrels and oak trees2. The word "they" in line 7 refers to(A) oak forests(B) acorns(C) squirrels(D) predators3. According to the passage , what do squirrels do when large quantities of acorns are available?(A) They do not store acorns.(B) They eat more than 74 percent of available acorns.(C) They do not retrieve all the acorns that they have stored.(D) They hide acorns in tree cavities.4. The word "estimated评价，估计，估价，判断" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) commented(B) judged(C) observed(D) discovered5. Why does the author mention "the University of Indiana campus" in line 10 -11?(A) to provide evidence that intact acorns are hard to find under oak trees(B) to indicate a place where squirrels can aid seed dispersal of oaks(C) to argue in favor of additional studies concerning the destructive force of squirrels(D) to support the claim that squirrels can do great damage to oak stands6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that chipmunks do not aid in the dispersal of oak trees because(A) they store their acorns where they cannot germinate(B) they consume most of their stored acorns(C) their stored acorns are located and consumed by other species(D) they cannot travel the long distance required for dispersal7. According to the passage , which of the following dosquirrels and blue jays have in common?(A) They travel long distances to obtain acorns.(B) They promote the reproduction of oak trees.(C) They bury acorns under fallen leaves.(D) They store large quantities of acorns.8. The phrase "pry 撬off" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) swallow 吞(B) remove(C) squeeze(D) locate9. The word "littered" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) covered(B) displayed(C) fertilized(D) planted10. According to the passage , scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrel behavior?(A) Where squirrels store their acorn caches(B) Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds(C) Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve(D) Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak treesDCCBD DBBAC。

3月11日托福阅读答案解析这次考试整体难度中等，三篇难度都相对比较简单，第二篇和第三篇的文章话题在TPO阅读中反复出现过多次，甚至内容的相似度也很高。

词汇题基本上都是属于比较基础的词汇，但是个别几个比较容易被干扰，一部分的词汇题在平时的TPO阅读中也有碰到过。

三篇文章题材较常见，分别是生物类，历史类和生物类。

TPO中也有相似练习篇章。

词汇题：3月11日托福阅读真题第一篇：题材划分：生物类文章主要内容：科学家研究了动物繁殖的时间，发现和环境的昼夜周期有关系。

之前，人们认为，动物会根据环境气温的波动，感受环境中的周期，然后调整自身的生物钟适应环境。

生物的繁殖频率也会受到影响。

一个科学家和他的儿子发表了研究的文章，认为昼夜的时长变化能够帮助判断繁殖的时期。

做了很多试验后发现，昼夜周期是最主要的因素。

举例了加拿大的yellow bird，给予人工照射，它们的繁衍时间会跟着改变，然后在赤道附近的生物受昼夜时长的影响较小，然也受其影响不同生物会根据自身的情况选择时间，比如鸟类的怀孕时长较短，就开始12月，羊和鹿的怀孕时间长就会调整mating的时间，还有马要怀孕11个月，繁殖周期会改变。

由于赤道地区早晚时长变化明显，基本都是一个样子，所以生物依靠雨季的变化来判断环境的波动。

解析：整体文章结构清晰，对比清楚，考生只要抓住各段主旨即可。

学生如果有这方面的背景知识也可帮助做题。

相似TPO练习推荐：TPO4-Deer Populations of the Puget SoundTPO15-A Warm-Blooded Turtle3月11日托福阅读真题第二篇题材划分：历史类文章主要内容：工业发展的原因：人口增长、工具以及机械的进步和发展，由于家庭关系的改变导致特殊分工的出现。

人口增长，就业压力变大，农田并没有那么多，所以不得不接受新的工作岗位。

工业发展使工人们开始有各种分工，都是负责每一个人的step,机械会取代劳动力，所以工人开始负责不同的任务分工。

托福考试阅读试题及答案2016年托福考试阅读试题及答案The Development of Steam Power【1】By the eighteenth century, Britain wasexperiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because ofthe growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago beenreplaced by fields of grain and hay. Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet it remainedtremendously important. It served as the primary source of heat for all homes and industriesand as a basic raw material. Processed wood (charcoal) was the fuel that was mixed with ironore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The iron industry’s appetite for woodwas enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. Vast forests enabledRus sia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a few decades Russia would reach thebarrier of inadequate energy that was already holding England back.【2】As this early energy crisis grew worse, Britain looked toward its abundant and widelyscattered reserves of coal as an alternative to its vanishing wood. Coal was first used in Britainin the late Middle Ages as a source of heat. By 1640 most homes in London were heated withit, and it also provided heat for making beer, glass, soap, and other products. Coal was notused, however, to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. It was there thatcoal’s potential wad enormous.【3】As more coal was produced, mines were dug deeper and deeper and were constantlyfilling with water. Mechanical pumps, usually powered by hundreds of horses waling in circlesatthe surface, had to be installed Such power was expensive and bothersome. In an attempt toovercome these disadvantages, Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 invented the first primitive steam engines. Both engines were extremely inefficient. Bothburned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump. However, by theearly 1770s, many of the Savery engines and hundreds of the Newcomen engines wereoperating successfully, though inefficiently, in English and Scottish mines.【4】In the early 1760s, a gifted young Scot named James Watt was drawn to a critical studyof the steam engine. Watt was employed at the time by the University of Glasgow as a skilledcrafts worker making scientific instruments. In 1763: Watt was called on to repair a Newcomenengine being used in a physics course. After a series of observations, Watt saw that theNewcomen’s wast e of energy could be reduced by adding a separate condenser. This splendidinvention, patented in 1769, greatly increased the efficiency of the steam engine. The steamengine of Watt and his followers was the technological advance that gave people, at least for awhile, unlimited power and allowed the invention and use of all kinds of power equipment.【5】The steam engine was quickly put to use in several industries in Britain. It drained minesand made possible the production of ever more coal to feed steam engines elsewhere. Thesteam power plant began to replace waterpower in the cotton-spinning mills as well as otherindustries during the 1780s, contributing to a phenomenal rise in industrialization. TheBritish iron industry was radically transformed. The use of powerful, steam-driven bellows inblast furnaces helped iron makers switchover rapidly from limited charcoal to unlimited coke(which is made from coal) in the smelting of pig iron (the process of refining impure iron) after1770 in the 1780s, Henry Cort developed the puddling furnace, which allowed pig iron to berefined in turn with coke. Cort also developed heavy-duty, steam-powered rolling mills, whichwere capable of producing finished iron in every shape and form.【6】The economic consequence of these technical innovations in steam power was a greatboom in the British iron industry. In 1740 annual British iron production was only 17:000 tons, but by 1844: with the spread of coke smelting and the impact of Cort’s inventions, it hadincreased to 3,000:000 to ns. This was a truly amazing expansion. Once scarce and expensive, iron became cheap, basic, and indispensable to the economy.试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s gr eat forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the sametime as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was Jam es Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam e ngine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously, Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been repl aced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important. ■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material. ■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating. Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much ofwhich was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order toovercome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production, which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.参考答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.CDF。

托福考试阅读理解专项训练与答案2016年托福考试阅读理解专项训练与答案阅读理解part ALake Baikal1 Crescent-shaped Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles (650 km) in length and 46 miles (74 km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the world. It holds one-fifth of the world's total fresh water, which is more than the total of all the water in the five Great Lakes; it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by far the world's deepest lake. The average depth of the lake is 1,312 feet (400 meters) below sea level, and the Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point, is more than 5,250 feet (1,600 meters) deep.2 Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula, is most likely the world's oldest lake. It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults. The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the world's lakes.1. What is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of Lake Baikal?(A) It is wider than it is long.(B) It is circular in shape.(C) Its width is one-half of its length.(D) It is shaped like a new moon.2. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal(A) is less than the area of eight other lakes(B) is one-ninth the area of Siberia(C) is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake(D) is equal to the area of the five Great Lakes3. According to paragraph 1, Lake Baikal(A) holds one-fifth of the world's water(B) holds five times the water of the Great Lakes(C) holds one-ninth of the world's water(D) holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water4. According to paragraph 1, the Olkhon Crevice is(A) outside of Lake Baikal(B) 400 meters below sea level(C) the deepest part of Lake Baikal(D) 5,000 meters deep5. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal(A) is not as old as some other lakes(B) formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other(C) was fully formed 25 million years ago(D) is today located on the edge of the Asian peninsula参考答案：1-5：D、A、D、C、Bpart BThe Postage Stamp1 The postage stamp has been around for only a relatively short period of time. The use of stamps for postage was first proposed in England in 1837, when Sir Rowland Hill published a pamphlet entitled "Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability" to put forth the ideas that postal rates should not be based on the distance that a letter or package travels but should instead be based on the weight of the letter or package and that fees for postal services should be collected in advanceof the delivery, rather than after, through the use of postage stamps.2 The ideas proposed by Hill went into effect in England almost immediately, and other countries soon followed suit. The first English stamp, which featured a portrait of then Queen Victoria, was printed in 1840. This stamp, the "penny black," came in sheets that needed to be separated with scissors and provided enough postage for a letter weighing 14 grams or less to any destination. In 1843, Brazil was the next nation to produce national postage stamps, and various areas in what is today Switzerland also produced postage stamps later in the same year. Postage stamps in five-and ten-cent denominations were first approved by the U.S. Congress in 1847, and by 1860 postage stamps were being issued in more than 90 governmental jurisdictions worldwide.6. According to paragraph 1, postage stamps were first suggested(A) in the first half of the eighteenth century(B) in the second half of the eighteenth century(C) in the first half of the nineteenth century(D) in the second half of the nineteenth century7. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that Sir Rowland Hill believed that postage fees(A) should be paid by the sender(B) should be related to distance(C) should have nothing to do with how heavy a package is(D) should be collected after the package is delivered8. What is stated in paragraph 2 about the first English postage stamp?(A) It was designed by Queen Victoria.(B) It contained a drawing of a black penny.(C) It was produced in sheets of 14 stamps.(D) It could be used to send a lightweight letter.9. According to paragraph 2, Brazil introduced postage stamps(A) before England(B) before Switzerland(C) after the United States(D) after Switzerland10. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that in 1847(A) postage stamps were in use in 90 different countries(B) it cost fifteen cents to mail a letter in the United States(C) two different denominations of postage stamps were introduced in the United States(D) the U.S. Congress introduced the "penny black" stamp参考答案：6-10：A、A、D、B、Cpart CThe Clovis Culture1 Archeologists have found sites all over North America that contain similar tools dating from a period about 12,000 years ago. The culture that developed these tools has been named Clovis after the site near Clovis, New Mexico, where the first tools of this sort were discovered in 1932. The tools are quite sophisticated and are unlike any tools that have been found in the Old World.2 In the years since the first tools of this sort were discovered in New Mexico, archeologists have discovered Clovis tools in areas ranging from Mexico to Montana in the United States and Nova Scotia in Canada. All of the Clovis finds date from approximately the same period, a fact which suggests that the Clovis spread rapidly throughout the North American continent.3 From the evidence that has been discovered, archeologists have concluded that the Clovis were a mobile culture. They traveled in groups of 40 to 50 individuals, migrating seasonally and returning to the same hunting camps each year. Their population increased rapidly as they spread out over the continent, and they were quite possibly motivated to develop their sophisticated hunting tools to feed their rapidly expanding populace.11. What is stated in paragraph 1 about Clovis tools?(A) They date from around 10,000 B.C.(B) They have been in use for 12,000 years.(C) They have been found at only one location.(D) They were discovered by archeologists hundreds of years ago.12. According to paragraph 1, the town of Clovis(A) is in Mexico(B) was founded in 1932(C) is where all members of the Clovis culture lived(D) is where the first remnants of an ancient culture were found13. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the tools found near Clovis, New Mexico, were(A) very rudimentary(B) similar to others found prior to 1932(C) rather advanced(D) similar to some found in Africa and Europe14. According to paragraph 2, what conclusion have archeologists drawn from the Clovis finds?(A) That the Clovis tended to remain in one place(B) That the Clovis expanded relatively quickly(C) That the Clovis lived throughout the world(D) That the Clovis were a seafaring culture15. It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that it is believed that the Clovis(A) lived in familial groups of four or five people(B) had a relatively stable population(C) lived only in New Mexico(D) spent summers and winters in different places参考答案：11-15：A、D、C、B、D。

Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market. 1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The effects of war on the growth of cities (B) The growth and influence of cities (C) The decline of farming in areas surrounding cities (D) The causes of immigration to cities 2. Why does the author say that "the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America" (lines 1-2)? (A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative (B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great. (C) The cities were growing at a great rate. (D) Most people pretended to live in cities 3. The phrase "in place of " in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to (A) connected to (B) in addition to (C) because of (D) instead of 4. The word "attendant伴随的" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) avoidable (B) accompanying (C) unwelcome (D) unexpected 5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism? (B) Social deference (C) Social hierarchy (D) Independent craftspeople 6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the Middle East, and China had (A) large populations (B) little independence (C) frequent social disorder (D) few power sources 7. The phrase "exponential迅猛的 leaps" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) long wars (B) new laws (C) rapid increases (D) exciting changes 8. The word "it" in line 15 refers to (A) population (B) size (C) Boston (D) Year 9. How many immigrants arrived in North America between 1760 and 1775? (A) About 16,000 (B) About 25,000 (C) About 30,000 (D) More than 200,000 10. The word "dictated决定" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) spoiled (B) reduced (C) determined (D) divided 11. The word "virtually⼏乎" in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) usually (B) hardly (C) very quickly (D) almost completely 12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surrounding Boston in terms of (B) origin of immigrants (C) opportunities for fishing (D) type of grain grown 13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as "breadbaskets"? (A) They produced grain especially for making bread. (B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought (C) They supplied grain to other parts of North America and other countries. (D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of North America. BBDBA ACADC DAC。

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往年托福阅读真题及答案托福(TOEFL)历年真题的重要性不言而喻，这是目前托福考试出题思路的唯一参考资料，因此现今每场托福考试中都会出现大量的旧题，那么能拿到最高效的真题资料就尤为关键了。

下面给大家带来托福阅读真题，希望对你们有所帮助。

往年托福阅读真题及答案In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.While there certainly were urban areas that were “planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date, most notably Washington, D.C., these were the excepti on. Most “planned” in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to make a profit from a piece of land. Even when these small-scale plans were well designed, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutely necessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market. Indeed, it was the absence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such an important role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century America requires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movementof the 1890s changed “urban planning.”B.For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term is understood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.C.oncerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on the growth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movement began.D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in the creation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of the term “urban planning.”首先我们先明确题目的要求，其实题目中一共应该是3个核心重点要求：(1)best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage(2)Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways(3)or leave out essential information.通过对题目的分析我们不难发现，essential这个单词出现了2次，换言之，题目要求大家做的是“找出句子的核心含义”，那么什么算是“核心含义”呢?要明白这个问题就要深刻理解一个概念：英语句内逻辑结构比如although A, B 中 AB两部分为让步转折关系，核心点是转折后的B句，because A, B中AB两部分为因果关系，核心点是结论B句。

2016年全国3卷英语试题（带解析）一、阅读理解MusicOpera at Music Hall： 1243 Elm Street The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241 -2742.Chamber Orchestra： The Orchestra plays al Memorial Hall at 106 Elm Street, which offers several conceits from March through June. Gall 723-1182 for more information..Symphony Orchestra： At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer al Riverbend./honie.asp.College Consen-atory Of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quarter, CMM's Philharmonic Orchesira, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modem misic. Students withI. D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by coiling (he box office at 556-4183.m. /events/calendar.Rivebent Music Theater.6295 Kellogg Ave« Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference ). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220.1.Which number should you call if you want to nee an opera ?A. 241-2742.B. 723-1182.C. 381-330().D. 232-6220.2.When can you go to » concert by Chamber Orchestra?A. February.B. May.C. AugustD. November.3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?B. Memorial Hall.A. Music Hall.参考答案1.2.3.4.【分析】文章是一篇广告类短文。

3月19日托福阅读真题及答案解析2016年3月19日托福阅读真题及答案解析在托福备考的四个项目中，相对而言，阅读还是比较难的，就2016年3月19日托福阅读，下面YJBYS店铺为大家搜索整理了相关的真题及答案解析，欢迎参考阅读，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生培训网!阅读部分词汇题ardent=enthusiasticcompelling=persuasivescanty=fewdistinctive=characteristicsconfine=restrict toresemble= look likelone=singlePassage 1 The extinction trends 灭绝趋势文章解析第一篇文章一共五段，第一段开篇以物种数量的变化趋势引出extinction(大灭绝)的概念，然后对geological time(地质时间)中的extinction的情况做了大体描述。

第二段讨论这些灭绝的原因，除了气候因素、小行星撞地球外，提出人为因素，本段的考题主要是人为因素影响灭绝的时间要注意。

第三段写最近一次的冰川时期，美国北部和亚欧大陆北部都覆盖着广阔的冰川，生活在这些冰川地带南部边界的人们的生活方式为打猎，人们为了获得食物打猎致使大量的物种灭绝。

第四段写农业的产生改变的人们的生活方式，人们为了开垦土地种庄稼进一步破坏自然，导致大量物种的灭绝。

最后一段写欧洲殖民(European colonies)对当地带来的影响，导致物种大量灭绝。

解析：最近连考大灭绝话题，足见ETS对这个话题的重视度。

本篇文章表面上看在讲大灭绝，实质上同样把人类的发展史与物种的灭绝结合起来考，建议考生把文章中涉及的相关背景知识都做一个较好的了解，如：冰川世纪、农业的起源、欧洲和美国发展史，当然学科词汇必不可少。

相信对背景全面的了解、对词汇的熟练的掌握，能够帮考生们很好的应对这篇文章。

参考阅读：TPO 15 Mass ExtinctionsTPO 8 Extinction of the DinosaursTPO 15 Glacier FormationTPO 21 The Origins of AgricultureTPO 33 Extinction Episodes of the PastPassage 2 水生昆虫如何躲避捕食者本篇文章分为四个段落，第一段通过写生物有各种各样的方法伪装自己以便躲避捕食者，引出水生昆虫如何躲避捕食者，主要写颜色这个方面。

托福阅读原⽂ Protection of Plants by Insects 【1】Many plants - one or more species of at least68 different families - can secrete nectar even whenthey have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that producenectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures.These plants usually occur where antsare abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among those of northeasternNorth America are various plums, cherries, roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floralnectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries of some plants areknown to attract ants and other insects, but the evolutionary history of most plants with thesenectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologists believe that all extrafloral nectaries attractinsects that will defend the plant. 【2】Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders ofplants. Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. To return thisfavor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might competewith ants for nectar. Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of theplants. 【3】Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nectar has some purely internalphysiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secreteit. This view and the opposing “protectionist” hypothesis that ants defend plants had beendisputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheelercommented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view: that visitations ofthe ants confer protection on the plants and that in the absence of the insects a much greaternumber would perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established whenBarbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many moreobservations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants. 【4】One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning gloriesagainst attacking insects. The principal insect enemies of the North American morning gloryfeed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowersindirectly block pollination and the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or thestigma, which receives the pollen grains and on which the pollen germinates. Without theircolorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshoppercan consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetlesaffect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries, where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eat seeds as they burrow in developing fruits. 【5】Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, lessthan a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leavelittle doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy forceof grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of sixplants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied byants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, theydrive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they aremuch smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females astheylay their eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay. 托福阅读试题 1.According to paragraph 1，floral nectar andextrafloral nectar are alike in that A.they are likely to be produced by the same plants. B.they basically consist of the same chemicalcomponents. C.they attract only insects that will defend the plant. D.they are produced by the same parts of the plant. 2.To say that ants are "persistent" defenders of plants means that A.they defend plants against a wide variety of threats. B.they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatened. C.they are successful defenders of plants. D.they are easily observable defenders of plants. 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to theextrafloral nectaries? A.They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar. B.They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar. C.They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries. D.They frequently fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar. 4.According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the"protectionist" hypothesis? A.Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects. B.Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar. C.The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a role in the plant’s internal functioning. D.Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar as often as they visit plants that do not. 5.The word "skeptical" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.curious. B.doubtful. C.open-minded. D.practical. 6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information jn thehighlighted sentence in the passage Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information. A.We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants. B.Barbara Bentley has called for additional proof that ants benefit plants. C.In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong. D.Proof that ants benefit plants will require many more observations and experiments. 7.According to paragraph 4, what effect does the destruction of the corolla have onplants. A.It leaves the seeds exposed and unprotected. B.It prevents the stigma from developing. C.It keeps pollen grains from attaching properly. D.It prevents the flower from attracting pollinators. 8.The word "devour" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.attack. B.eat. C.damage. D.prefer. 9.What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage? A.It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view. B.It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants. C.It explains how insects find sources of nectar. D.It presents information that partly contradicts the protectionist view. 10.The word "vulnerable" in the passage is closest in meaning to A.numerous. B.harmful. C.open to attack. D.difficult to locate. 11.According to paragraph 5, what did Bentley’s comparative study show? A.Many more plants grew in places where ants were present than where they were absent. B.The ants preferred plants with low seed production to plants with high seed production. C.The plants occupied by ants produced many more seeds than those that were not occupiedby ants. D.The plants that grew in places without ants were much smaller and weaker than those thatgrew in places where ants were present. 12.According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles ineach of the following ways EXCEPT: A.driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feet. B.catching and eating adult beetles. C.eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits. D.making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruits. 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Sometimes they capture theinsects to feed their protein-hungry larvae. Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly the most persistent defenders of plants. ■【A】 Since the highly active worker ants require a great deal of energy, plants exploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that supplies ants with abundant energy. ■【B】 Toreturn this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that mightcompete with ants for nectar. ■【C】 Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eatthe leaves of the plants.■【D】 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points. Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods inwhich the plant is not flowering. A.Evolutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectar originated in thetropics. B.Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than f l o r a l n e c t a r a n d i s m o r e a t t r a c t i v e t o a n t s a n d o t h e r i n s e c t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 C . T h e p r o t e c t i o n i s t h y p o t h e s i s i s t h a t e x t r a f l o r a l n e x t a r a t t r a c t s a n t s , a n d t h a t t h e a n t s , i n o r d e r t o p r e s e r v e t h i s e n e r g y - r i c h f o o d s o u r c e , a t t a c k i n s e c t s t h a t m i g h t h a r m t h e p l a n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 D . E v i d e n c e a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y p r o v e d t h a t a n t s p r o v i d e s i g n i f i c a n t b e n e f i t s f o r p l a n t s w i t h e x t r a f l o r a l n e c t a r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 E . R e s e a r c h h a s s h o w n t h a t A m e r i c a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s p r o d u c e s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o r e s e e d s t h a n m o r n i n g g l o r y p l a n t s t h a t a r e n o t p r o t e c t e d b y a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 F . A n t s g e n e r a l l y i g n o r e s m a l l i n s e c t s , b u t t h e y w i l l e a t t h e a d u l t s o f l a r g e i n s e c t s p e c i e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r e g g s a n d l a r v a e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > / p >。

2018年3月11日托福真题回忆及解析备考托福的时候我们可以找一些历年的真题来参考，看看考试内容，重点，还有答题思路，下面小编给大家带来2018年3月11日托福真题回忆及解析，希望大家喜欢。

2018年3月11日托福听力真题回忆及解析(精准)Conversation 1话题分类：课外活动场景内容回忆：排球场被艺术课展品占了参考听力TPO 16 Conversation 1Conversation 2话题分类：论文作业场景内容回忆：学生找教授询问上课时的一个疑惑，上课时教授提到我们可以观察动物的睡觉行为，学生很困惑如何观察，教授说我们现在有仪器可以观察，而且仪器很小，并且只有1.5公斤重。

然后学生说到她想参与这种项目，教授鼓励说她可以但是需要申请，说到本校资金有限，但是教授提到他也在亚利桑那大学参与了一个项目，没准可以。

参考听力TPO 20 Conversation 2;TPO 19 Conversation 1Conversation 3话题分类：图书馆场景内容回忆：女生采访快退休的图书馆管理员参考听力：TPO 27 Conversation 1Conversation 4话题分类：学习规划场景内容回忆：学生去找院长申请一个campus program，想为学院设立一个信息中心，为一年级学生找工作提供便利，但是院长说学校不是有网站可以给学生提供这样的信息，但是学生说不太合适，院长又说这得花钱，建议学生先提交一个预算。

参考听力：TPO 34 Conversation 2;TPO 18 Conversation 1Conversation 5话题分类：校园生活场景内容回忆：一个女生和cafeteria工作人员建议设计个app，女生和cafeteria的工作人员提建议，工作人员夸了这个女生。

女生表示我来给你个意见，现在的学生关心的是食物从来哪的、营养如何，管理员说以前学生只关心how much，女生表示这是一种另类的how much，管理员说学生可以在网站上查啊，女生：你们网站字太小，需要个app，我同学可以做。

最新托福考试阅读试题及答案2016最新托福考试阅读试题及答案以下是店铺为大家整理的托福考试阅读模拟试题及答案，希望对大家有所帮助!Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633-foot humphreys peak in the san francisco peaks in arizona, plant life changes radically. starting among the cacti of the sonoran desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless alpine tundra at the summit. it may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in what can be called “communities” – groupings of interacting species. the idea is that over time, plants that require particular climate and soil conditions come to live in the same places, and hence are frequently to be found together. scientists who study the history of plant life are known as paleobotanists, or paleobots for short. they build up a picture of how groups of plants have responded to climate changes and how ecosystems develop. but are these associations, which are real in the present, permanent?a great natural experiment took place on this planet between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, when small changes in the earth’s orbit and axis of rotation caused great sheets of ice to spread from the poles. these glaciers covered much of north america and europe to depths of up to two miles, and then, as the climate warmed, they retreated. during this retreat, they left behind newly uncovered land for living things to colonize, and as those living things moved in they laid down a record we can read now. as the ice retreated and plants started to grow near a lake, they would release pollen. some would fall into the lake, sink to the bottom, and be incorporated into the sediment. by drilling intothe lake bottom it is possible to read the record of successive plant life around the lake. the fossil record seems clear; there is little or no evidence that entire groups of plants moved north together. things that lived together in the past don’t live together now, and things that live together now didn’t live together in the past. each individual organism moved at its own pace. the fossil record seems to be tellineuver – to respond to environmental changes.1. what is the passage mainly about?(a) the effects of the ice age on plants(b) plant migration after the ice age(c) the need to develop a new approach to environmental issues(d) communities of plants live at different altitudes2. the word “radically” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a) variably(b) demonstrably(c) quickly(d) dramatically3. the author mentions “cacti” in line 3 and a ”treeless alpine tundra” in line 4 to illustrate(a) changes in climate(b) the effects of the ice age(c) communities of plants(d) plant migration4. the word “which” in line 10 refers to(a) the responses of plants to climate changes(b) the current theories of ecosystems(c) the developments of ecosystems(d) plant life changes5. the word “axis” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(a) center(b) method(c) change(d) slowdown6. the word “successive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a) exng us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to matinct(b) consecutive(c) accumulative(d) following7. the passage states that by drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to find successive fossils of:(a) sediment(b) ice(c) plant life(d) pollen8. which of the following can be inferred from the passage(a) –that the migratory patterns of plants are dependent upon changes in climate(b) –that modern conservation methods should consider the migratory patterns of plants(c) –that current associations of plants are similar to those in the past(d) –that another ice age is likely to occur at some time9. according to the passage, the movement of individual species of plants(a) occurs in groups(b) often depends upon the formation of lakes(c) does not occur in groups(d) depends upon climate and soil conditions10. all of the following are true except(a) the ice age occurred when small changes affected the movement of the earth(b) fossil records seem to indicate that plants will be preserved if theyhave sufficient room to move(c) fossil records clearly show that entire groups of plants are unlikely to have moved together(d) in the ice age glaciers covered the world to depths of up to two miles【参考答案】：BBCDA BACAD。

2016年3月公共英语三级真题及答案解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:0002:17Volume第1题What is the woman doing at the moment?A.Having a break.B.Having a coffee.C.Writing a report.D.Visiting the man.第2题What does the woman ask the man to do?A.Repair her windows.B.Take care of her house.C.Take a rest for a few days.D.Go to the seaside with her.第3题What do we learn about the woman from the dialogue?A.She bought a suitable skirt.B.She wanted to purchase a skirt.C.She returned a skirt to the shop.D.She complained about the service.第4题What does the man say to the woman?A.He envies her a lot.B.He enjoys cooking.C.He usually eats out.D.He runs a restaurant.第5题What are the speakers talking about?A.Gardening.B.Air quality.C.Hot weather.ck of rain.下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:0002:20Volume第6题Why is the woman angry with her son?A.He ignored traffic signals.B.He failed to repair her car.C.He didn´t attend his class.D.He didn´t take her advice.第7题Why does the man feel sorry?A.He forgot his Dad´s birthday.B.He didn´t buy a birthday present.C.He didn´t put the cake in the fridge.D.He arrived late for his dad´s birthday.第8题Where is the man´s house located?A.Near a park.B.By a restaurant.C.Close to a highway.D.In a Chinese neighborhood.第9题What does the woman say about the data in the article?A.It is original.B.It is reliable.C.It is questionable.D.It is authoritative.第10题What does the man tell the woman?A.The best time for job interviews.B.The strategies for job interviews.C.His comments on her recent work.D.His congratulations on her good luck.上一题下一题(11~13/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:0001:32Volume第11题What is the man´s first tip on a productive workday?A.Arrive at the office earlier.B.Jump into paper work first.C.Start with less difficult tasks.D.Get ready within 15 minutes.第12题Why should personal phone calls be avoided?A.They may take a lot of time.B.They may reduce social time.C.They may spoil a great mood.D.They may cause errors in work.第13题Why should an alarm be set?A.To give a go-home signal.B.To remind people to relax.C.To make people work fast.D.To warn people of an emergency.上一题下一题(14~17/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:0001:29Volume第14题What news does Renee share with Tom?A.She met a high school classmate.B.She found an old friend´s address.C.She paid a visit to her high school.D.She got in touch with an old friend.第15题Why did Renee and her friend lose contact?A.Her friend´s family left for another city.B.Her friend transferred to another school.C.They had an argument and drifted apart.D.They were too busy to write to each other.第16题What does Tom say about his old friends?A.He has lost touch with all of them.B.He maintains contact with most of them.C.He has regained contact with a few of them.D.He keeps in touch with one or two of them.第17题How did Renee´s friend get her email address?A.From an old address book.B.From one of their former teachers.C.From another high school classmate.D.From the website of Renee´s company.上一题下一题(18~21/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:0001:32Volume第18题Why did the woman decide to cancel her vacation?A.She had trouble with her health.B.She had trouble with her investment.C.She had to attend a financial course.D.She had to attend a conference in Paris.第19题What did the woman do after she graduated from college?A.She worked as a stock trader.B.She worked as a stock analyst.C.She worked as a finance teacher.D.She worked as a company manager.第20题Why did the woman want to start her own company?A.To make more money.B.To have more time for herself.C.To find more business opportunities.D.To know more about the stock market.第21题How does the woman feel about the present economic stimulating package?A.Relieved.B.Optimistic.C.Unconfident.D.Disappointed.上一题下一题(22~25/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:0001:33Volume第22题Which industry is the man´s website concerned with?A.News.B.Music.cation.D.Television.第23题Whom is the man´s website mainly meant for?A.College students in Asia.B.English learners of all ages.C.Teenagers and young adults.D.Any visitors for entertainment.第24题What does the website want its visitors to get familiar with?A.Classic films.B.Western music.C.English accents.D.Public speeches.第25题What does the man hope his website will do in three years?A.Fulfill its short-term goal.B.Get a big market in Asia.C.Become self-financed.D.Get more investments.上一题下一题(26~30/共10题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. In 2006, she started her own consulting practice, but by 2008, most of her larger clients had to drop her because of the economy. In 2011, she was undertaking irregular assignments and knew she needed a steady job. The first job she considered was Director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews, she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still, she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager explained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job but that, before she continued with the process, she should better understand the firm´s culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the company´s CEO, who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to do the same. "Even though I was desperate for a job, I knew I couldn´t do that," Isabel says. She called the recruiter to turn down the job and explained that she didn´t feel there was a cultural fit.A few months later, she interviewed for another job: a director of employee relations at a local university. After several interviews, the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it. The job had many positives: it was a low-stress environment, it offered great benefits, and the university was an employee-friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn´t be challenging enough. Finally, she turned it down. "It would be great to have a paycheck and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night," she says,In both cases, she was frank with the hiring managers about why she wasn´t taking the jobs. "In the past, it felt like dating, I was worried about hurting people´s feelings," she says. However, they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she felt she had to.第26题In 2011, Isabel ______.A.did consulting now and thenB.found a job close to her homeC.refused several job interviewsD.ran a successful consulting firm第27题Isabel turned down the first job offer mainly because of its ______.A.CEOB.cultureC.locationD.recruiter第28题Isabel was dissatisfied with the second job due to its ______.A.junior titleB.low benefitsC.environmentck of challenge第29题Isabel believed that her rejection of the jobs was ______.A.harmfulB.surprisingC.justifiableD.troublesome第30题According to Isabel, it is important to ______.A.look for jobs with little stressB.look for jobs with great benefitsC.be truthful in declining job offersD.be cautious in declining job offers上一题下一题(31~35/共10题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D.You do not usually get something for nothing. Now, a new study reveals that the evolution of an improved learning ability could come at a particularly high price: an earlier death.Past experiments have demonstrated that it is relatively easy through selective breeding to make rats, honey bees and—that great favourite of researchers—fruit flies a lot better at learning. Animals that are better learners should be competitive and, thus, over time, come to dominate a population by natural selection. But improved learning ability does not get selected amongst these animals in the wild. No one really understands why.Tadeusz Kawecki and his colleagues at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland have measured the effects of improved learning on the lives of fruit flies. The flies were given two different fruits as egg-laying sites. One of these was laced with a bitter additive that could be detected only on contact. The flies were then given the same fruit but without an additive. Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their experience. Their children were reared and the experiment was run again.After repeating the experiment for 30 generations, the children of the learned flies were compared with normal flies. The researchers report in a forthcoming edition of Evolution that although learning ability could be bred into a population of fruit flies, it shortened their lives by 15%. When the researchers compared their learned flies to colonies selectively bred to live long lives, they found even greater differences. Whereas learned flies had reduced their life spans, the long-lived flies learned less well than even average flies.The authors suggest that evolving an improved learning ability may require a greater investment in the nervous system which takes resources away from processes that delay ageing. However, Dr. Kawecki thinks the effect could also be a by-product of greater brain activity increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which can increase oxidation in the body and damage health.No one knows whether the phenomenon holds true for other animals. So, biologists, at least, still have a lot to learn.第31题Past experiments prove selective breeding can make animals better ______.manderspetitorsC.survivorsD.learners第32题In this experiment, scientists observed that ______.A.some flies avoided the fruit without an addictiveB.some flies preferred the fruit with an addictiveC.the eggs of the flies were not damagedD.the impact on the flies did not last long第33题The forthcoming report says that ______.A.long-lived flies are better at laying eggsB.long-lived flies are poorer in learningC.learned flies have a relatively long lifeD.learned flies live as long as average onesAccording to Dr. Kawecki, greater brain activity ______.A.reduces oxygen consumptionB.regulates the nervous systemC.speeds up the ageing processD.stabilizes the ageing process第35题We learn from the text that ______.A.the research findings need to be tested furtherB.biologists are doing similar research on other animalsC.the animal world usually follows the same universal lawsD.biologists are applying their findings to other areas上一题下一题(36~40/共5题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talk about tipping in a restaurant. For questions 36-40, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A-G) given below. Richard:I´ve always viewed tipping as a way of saying "thank you" to the one who serves me. I believe what is bad is when no tip is left at all. The better the service, the higher the tip. Unless the service is literally perfect, I never tip more than 10% of the bill. Much like the harder teachers in school, I never give an easy "A." My assessment is honest.Daniel:A tip is a "thank you," but in truth, a tip is payment for service. 20% is a standard tip. Servers deserve it for their hard work. Restaurants will never pay more for labor unless they are forced to do so by new laws. Tips make up about 97% of a server´s total income. Those tips are needed for survival. So, before servers are paid a living wage, tip 20%.Kate:Why should I pay the difference between what the restaurant is willing to pay the employee and what an acceptable wage is? I do pay 20%, but I hate it. A friend of mine left Europe for New York City, found a job in a restaurant there and ended up making $5,500 a month. Enough above minimum wage? How about miners, construction workers, resident doctors, etc? Do they get tipped?Patricia:18-20% for good service is today´s standard. The restaurant and its employees are too polite to tell you this or to put it on their menus, but that is their expectation and you need to understand that. I believe it is good manners to respect this. To do otherwise is to be openly rude. If you disagree, you are wise to eat elsewhere, as you are hurting a hardworking professional.Michael:Tipping has gotten out of control. I always had thought it was 15%, and now suddenly servers have made it 20%. I tip 15%, and that´s it. If the service is really superior, then I work higher from there. Interesting to be told, "If you can´t afford to tip 20%, then you should eat at home." If all those people stayed away, the restaurant would not even be in business, Now match the name of each person (36-40) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.A. It´s rude not to tip.B. I do tip, though I don´t like it.C. Tipping shouldn´t be compulsory.D. Tips are essential to servers´ survival.E. If you don´t tip, you are punishing the server.F. I think the current tipping standard is too high.G. My tip faithfully reflects how good the service is.第36题Richard___________第37题Daniel___________第38题Kate___________第39题Patricia___________第40题Michael___________上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following text from which five sentences have been removed. Choose from the sentences A-G the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text (41-45). There are TWO extra sentences that you do not need to use.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It´s difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat.__41__Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria and TB combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world´s hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world´s most populous continent.__42__Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the word there are only a tiny number of people who don´t have enough to eat.There are many reasons for world hunger. They include wars, droughts, floods, and the overuse of farming land.__43__Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around.__44__In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food.__45__The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.A. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution.B. More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa.C. All these factors affect food production.D. It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger.E. In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger.F. Those places need far more food than they actually get.G. By the end of this year, more than 35 million people will have died as a result of not having enough to eat.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题I can´t believe the kind of rubbish that some people call art. Yesterday, my girlfriend dragged me to a modern art__46__to see an exhibition she had read about in the paper. It was five or six so-called installations made of bits of plastic, wood and paper that__47__just to have been thrown on the floor. It was a mess, basically—just like the floor in my sister´s house when my two-year-old nephew´s left all his toys out, but less__48__. Come to think of it,__49__you had given those bits of plastic, wood and paper to ray nephew, he could probably have__50__something just as good. I guess, sometimes, the cleaners end up throwing art like that in the bins at the end of the day,__51__they must find it hard to work out what´s an exhibit and what´s just__52__I think that if a painting or an installation looks like something I could have done myself in fifteen minutes, it doesn´t__53__to be called art. But when I say that, people like my girlfriend say I´m "uncultured." I think a lot of the people who say they__54__the kind of stuff we saw yesterday are just pretending—deep down they know it´s rubbish but they don´t want to be the first one to admit it because, unlike me, they´re__55__of being looked down on.A.afraidB.appreciateC.becauseD.colorfulE.createdF.deserveG.dislikeH.galleryI.ifJ.litterK.objectL.provedM.seemedN.seriousO.when第46题：请选择 A.afraidB.appreciateC.because D.colorfulE.createdF.deserve G.dislikeH.galleryI.if J.litterK.objectL.proved M.seemedN.seriousO.when第48题：请选择 A.afraidB.appreciateC.because D.colorfulE.createdF.deserve G.dislikeH.galleryI.if J.litterK.objectL.proved M.seemedN.seriousO.when第50题：请选择 A.afraidB.appreciateC.because D.colorfulE.createdF.deserve G.dislikeH.galleryI.if J.litterK.objectL.proved M.seemedN.seriousO.when第52题：请选择 A.afraidB.appreciateC.because D.colorfulE.createdF.deserve G.dislikeH.galleryI.if J.litterK.objectL.proved M.seemedN.seriousO.when第54题：请选择 A.afraidB.appreciateC.because D.colorfulE.createdF.deserve G.dislikeH.galleryI.if J.litterK.objectL.proved M.seemedN.seriousO.when上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.Part A第56题You have just had a terrible trip to a foreign country. Post a message to an English online forum:1) telling other travelers some of your bad experiences;2) giving them some suggestions about taking a trip.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your message. Use "Wang Lin" instead.___________上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words.第57题Dear Sally,It was amazing to see your dance performance last weekend. I felt so proud of you when your teacher and schoolmates congratulated you upon your completion of the performance.While you continue to enjoy the moment, I´d like to share with you a small quote from Abraham Lincoln, "This, too, shall pass away." I want these words to be your guide at every turning point in your life.When you´re feeling very proud of yourself at an achievement, knowing no bounds at that moment, remember that "This, too, shall pass away."When you´re at a difficult moment in your life and don´t know what to do, find comfort in the same words—"This, too, shall pass away."I´m not saying that the ache of some losses and setbacks will completely go away from your life. In fact, often the memories of painful events will hit you unexpectedly like tons of bricks and take your breath away years after they happen.But, like all humans, you have an almost infinite capacity to adapt to life´s changes and a great ability to bounce back from trying times. This understanding should give you a spark of hope when you´re in a season of despair; it should also build up your confidence for taking risks in the future.Sally, our lives are made up of several peaks and several valleys. That´s the nature of life. Live each moment as it comes. And always remember "This, too, shall pass away."Love,Papa___________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and markit in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:0002:17Volume第1题What is the woman doing at the moment?A.Having a break.B.Having a coffee.C.Writing a report.D.Visiting the man.参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Got a time have a coffee with me now?W: You call me at a bad time. I´m writing a report and is due in an hour.M: You really like leaving things to the last minute.W: I know. It´s a terrible habit.第2题What does the woman ask the man to do?A.Repair her windows.B.Take care of her house.C.Take a rest for a few days.D.Go to the seaside with her.参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]W: Oh, we are going away to the seaside for a few days. Can you keep an eye on my home while I´m away?M: Certainly, Jackie. Make sure you lock the doors and shut all the windows.W: Thanks. It´s very kind of you.第3题What do we learn about the woman from the dialogue?A.She bought a suitable skirt.B.She wanted to purchase a skirt.C.She returned a skirt to the shop.D.She complained about the service.参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]W: These skirts are just what I have been looking for. Have you got the medium sizes of them?M: I´m afraid not, Madam. They appeared to be temporarily out of stock.W: Oh, how disappointing. When will you have some mediums in?M: We should be getting in some until next Monday.第4题What does the man say to the woman?A.He envies her a lot.B.He enjoys cooking.C.He usually eats out.D.He runs a restaurant.参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]W: How often do you eat out, Jame?M: Well, very often, almost five times a week.W: Wow. I really envy you.M: Don´t envy me. It´s for business. In fact, I´m tired of restaurant food. Sometimes I really miss our home-cooked meal.第5题What are the speakers talking about?A.Gardening.B.Air quality.C.Hot weather.ck of rain.参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]W: Well, the dry conditions are really severe.M: But it´s not surprising actually. Because we have had much rain this year.W: Well, if it could rain even a drop, my flowers in the garden will come back in a heartbeat. 下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:0002:20Volume第6题Why is the woman angry with her son?A.He ignored traffic signals.B.He failed to repair her car.C.He didn´t attend his class.D.He didn´t take her advice.参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: You look furious, Mary. How come?W: My son had an accident. He wasn´t hurt, but my ear was damaged.。

托福阅读考试真题及答案在社会的各个领域，只要有考核要求，就会有试题，借助试题可以更好地考核参考者的知识才能。

那么你知道什么样的试题才能有效帮助到我们吗？下面是我精心整理的托福阅读考试真题及答案，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items — running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 — they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. "Combines" were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses — reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states — allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenthcentury does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word "crucial" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase "avail themselves" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4. According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate7. The word "they" in line 19 refers to(A) grain stalks(B) threshing machines(C) steam engines(D) horses8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own9. The word "ponderous" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) heavy(C) complex(D) rapid正确答案：ACBDC ABDB托福听力考试要求1、Basic Comprehension: Gist + Details基本理解能力的考察大概占到托福听力总体比例的70%左右，首先，几乎是每篇对话和讲座的第一道题都是主旨题，只不过问法可能不一样，而细节题占的比例也比较大。