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英语七年级下册人教版uniu5笔记讲解全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Hi friends! Today I'm going to explain the notes for Unit 5 in our English textbook. Get ready because this is going to be a long one!Unit 5 is all about food and healthy eating habits. The first few lessons introduce us to different kinds of food and drinks. We learn words for fruits like apples, bananas and oranges. We also learn words for vegetables like carrots, tomatoes and lettuce. Then we move on to things like milk, juice, water, coffee and tea.One really important lesson is about fast food. We all love McDonald's, KFC and pizza, right? But the book tells us that too much fast food can be unhealthy. Fast food is often high in fat, salt and sugar which can lead to obesity and other health problems if we eat it too frequently. The book recommends limiting fast food to an occasional treat.Instead, we should try to eat more home-cooked meals made with fresh ingredients like lean meats, whole grains, fruits and veggies. These "balanced meals" provide all the nutrientsour bodies need to grow strong and healthy. The textbook has some really yummy looking recipes for balanced meals that even kids can help prepare.Another big part of this unit is about good eating habits and table manners. We learn that it's important to wash our hands before meals, chew with our mouths closed, and avoid talking with food in our mouths. The book also says we shouldn't play with our food or make a mess.My favorite lesson is about special holidays and festivals around the world that involve food traditions. For example, during the American holiday of Thanksgiving, families get together and eat a huge turkey dinner with sides like mashed potatoes, stuffing and cranberry sauce. Yum!In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by eating mooncakes and enjoying the bright full moon with loved ones. And for the Indian festival of Holi, people have fun throwing brightly colored powders made from foods like turmeric, beets and green gram.The readings teach us about the fascinating history behind many of these celebrations too. I think it's so cool to learn about the diverse cultures and customs from around the globe!Towards the end of the unit, the book discusses the importance of physical activity and exercise for staying fit and healthy. It explains that along with a balanced diet, we need at least 60 minutes of exercise every day to keep our hearts strong and prevent obesity.The textbook gives examples of fun activities like playing sports, riding bikes, swimming, dancing and even household chores that can count as exercise. It reminds us that exercising doesn't have to be boring - it can be really enjoyable if we find activities we love!Throughout the unit, we practice useful language for discussing food preferences, ordering at a restaurant, describing how to prepare dishes, and more. There are lots of fun dialogue examples that really bring the lessons to life.The readings also teach us about nutrition facts labels, how to understand ingredients lists, and shopping tips for choosing healthy foods at the grocery store or market. Super practical stuff that I know will come in handy!Honestly, this is one of my favorite units so far because I just love learning about different world cultures and their unique food traditions. The lessons make me want to taste delicacies from every corner of the globe!Plus, developing positive eating habits while I'm still young will help me stay fit as I grow older. I'm going to put what I've learned into practice by trying new fruits and veggies, limiting junk food, and being more active through sports and play. Healthy body, healthy mind!Those are the key points I took away from Unit 5 of our English book. Let me know if any part was still unclear or if you need me to explain further. I'm happy to go into more detail on specific topics that interested you. Study hard and stay healthy, friends!篇2Unit 5 - Our EnvironmentHey guys! In this unit, we're going to learn all about the environment and how we can protect it. It's a super important topic because our planet is our home and we need to take care of it.First up, let's talk about what the environment actually is. The environment is everything around us - the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we live on, the plants and animals, and even the buildings and roads. It's basically our whole world!Now, why is it so important to protect the environment? Well, for starters, we need a healthy environment to survive. Clean air and water are essential for our health. Plants and animals are also really important because they provide us with food, medicine, and other resources we need.But it's not just about us humans. Plants and animals need a healthy environment to thrive too. When their habitats are destroyed or polluted, they can get sick or even go extinct. And that's really sad because every living thing has an important role to play in the big circle of life.Speaking of pollution, that's one of the biggest threats to our environment. Pollution happens when harmful substances are released into the air, water, or soil. Things like factory smoke, car exhaust, and trash can all cause pollution.Pollution is really bad news for the environment. It can make air and water unsafe, harm plants and animals, and even contribute to climate change. Climate change is the long-term shift in global temperatures and weather patterns, and it's causing all sorts of problems like rising sea levels and more extreme weather events.But don't worry, there are lots of things we can do to help protect the environment! One of the easiest things is to reduce,reuse, and recycle. Reducing means cutting down on the amount of stuff we use and waste we create. Reusing means finding new ways to use things instead of throwing them away. And recycling means turning old materials into new products.We can also save energy by turning off lights and electronics when we're not using them. And walking, biking, or taking public transportation instead of driving can help reduce air pollution from cars.Planting trees and gardens is another great way to help the environment. Trees absorb carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change) and produce oxygen for us to breathe. Plus, gardens provide habitats for bees, birds, and other wildlife.Governments, businesses, and communities are also working hard to protect the environment. They're passing laws to limit pollution, investing in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and creating protected areas for plants and animals.But they can't do it alone - we all need to pitch in and do our part. Even small actions like using a reusable water bottle or turning off the tap while brushing our teeth can make a big difference when lots of people do it.So let's all work together to take care of our amazing planet! It's the only one we've got, and we want to make sure it stays healthy and beautiful for generations to come.篇3Title: Explaining Unit 5 of the 7th Grade PEP English TextbookHi kids! In this essay, I'll explain the key points and lessons from Unit 5 of your 7th grade English textbook. Let's get started!Unit 5 is called "An Environmental Aktivist". It's all about someone named Greta Thunberg who tries really hard to protect the environment. She's from Sweden and started protesting about climate change when she was just 15 years old! Pretty cool, right?The unit starts with a reading passage introducing Greta and her story. It says that in 2018, Greta decided to strike from school every Friday. She would sit outside the Swedish parliament holding a sign saying "School Strike for Climate". At first she was alone, but gradually more and more students joined her protest.Greta was trying to get governments and leaders to take stronger action against climate change. She wanted them tolisten to the science and work harder to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases that cause global warming.The passage explains that Greta's solo protest grew into a huge global movement called "Fridays for Future". Millions of students around the world started holding strikes and protests every Friday, inspired by Greta.In 2019, Greta attended the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York. There she gave a very famous and passionate speech, scolding world leaders for not doing enough about climate change. Her speech got a lot of attention globally.After the reading, there are some exercises to practice your understanding. You have to answer comprehension questions, fill in blanks, put sentences in order, and discuss Greta's reasons for protesting. Pay close attention to the details in the passage!Next up is the language section, focused on modal verbs like "can", "could", "should", "must", etc. The exercises get you using these modals properly to express ability, possibility, obligation and so on. Pretty useful stuff!Then there are some listening exercises where you hear people talk about environmental issues and Greta's activism. Youhave to answer questions and fill in missing details. Good listening practice!The unit also has a long reading about Greta's speech at the UN summit. It's a bit harder than the first passage. The exercises ask you to analyze the speech and Greta's use of rhetorical techniques like rhetorical questions, repetition, and emotive language. This helps build your critical reading skills.In the writing section, you have to write an argumentative essay about climate change, stating your view and providing supporting evidence. You can agree or disagree with Greta's activism, whichever side you choose.For the speaking section, you'll discuss environmental issues in groups and role-play situations related to climate activism. For example, you might role-play a debate between Greta and a world leader about climate policies. Gets you thinking critically and articulating your views!Finally, at the end there are some fun activities like aeco-themed word search and scramble. A nice little break after all the hard work in the unit.That's Unit 5 in a nutshell! By working through it carefully, you'll improve your reading, writing, listening and speaking skillsin English. You'll also learn a lot about the important issue of climate change and Greta Thunberg's impactful activism.Protecting the environment is so crucial for our planet's future. I hope this unit inspires you kids to be more environmentally conscious and to consider taking action, just like Greta did at such a young age. Small steps can lead to big changes when we all work together!Let me know if you have any other questions about Unit 5. Study hard and don't be afraid to raise your voice for causes you believe in!篇4Unit 5: My Favorite ThingsHey there, friends! It's me again, ready to share my thoughts on Unit 5 from our English textbook. This time, we're diving into the world of our favorite things – the stuff that makes us happy and puts a smile on our faces. Get ready for some fun stories and interesting vocabulary!The unit kicks off with a dialogue between Sam and Lucy. They're chatting about their favorite things, and it's pretty relatable stuff. Sam loves playing basketball, while Lucy is moreinto reading novels. It's cool to see how different people can have such diverse interests, right?One of the first new words we learn is "collection." A collection is a group of things that someone likes to gather and keep, like stamps, coins, or rocks. Personally, I've got a pretty sweet collection of Pokémon cards going on. Gotta catch 'em all!Next up, we read a story about a girl named Li Ming and her grandpa. It's called "My Grandpa's Treasures." Li Ming thinks her grandpa's old things are just junk, but he explains that they're actually treasures with special memories attached. By the end, Li Ming realizes how important it is to appreciate the things that matter to our loved ones, even if they seem ordinary to us.There are some great vocabulary words in this story, like "treasure" (something precious), "valuable" (worth a lot), and "memorabilia" (objects that bring back memories). I really liked learning about how different cultures value different things. For example, in China, certain stamps or ancient coins could be seen as priceless treasures!The next reading is a short article called "What's Your Favorite Sport?" It talks about different popular sports around the world, like soccer, basketball, and gymnastics. I was surprised to learn that table tennis is really big in China – who knew? Thearticle had some handy words about sports, like "teammate," "opponent," and "champion."Then we get to one of my favorite parts of the unit: a poem called "My Teddy Bear." It's a cute, rhyming poem about a kid's love for their special stuffed animal. Even though we're getting older, I think lots of us still have that one toy or blanket thatwe've had forever and can't let go of. The poem uses great descriptive words like "cuddly," "furry," and "cherished."We also practiced using possessive pronouns, like "my," "your," "his," and "her." These help us show ownership and talk about the things that belong to us or others. For instance, I might say, "That's my comic book collection over there."One of the highlights for me was the project we did at the end of the unit. We had to create a little museum exhibit showcasing our favorite things and explaining why they're so special to us. I made a display about my beloved superhero action figures. Others showed off things like seashell collections, family heirlooms, or trophies from their favorite sports. It was so cool to see the range of interests and learn about the stories behind everyone's treasures.Overall, Unit 5 was a fun one! It reminded me to appreciate the simple things that bring me joy, whether it's a beloved toy, afun hobby, or just quality time with family and friends. Plus, I got to expand my English vocabulary with words all about describing the things we love most.I'm already looking forward to the next unit. Who knows what exciting adventures await? But for now, I'll just kick back, relax, and enjoy some of my favorite things. Maybe I'll even bust out that old teddy bear for a cuddle. No judgments, okay?篇5Here are notes explaining Unit 5 from the English textbook for 7th grade, second semester (PEP edition) in about 2000 words, written in an elementary student's tone:Unit 5 - Sharing FeelingsHey friends! This unit is all about feelings and how we express them. It's really important to understand our emotions and be able to talk about them in a healthy way. Let's dive in!Part A: At the PlaygroundThe first part introduces us to two friends, Mona and Jean. They're hanging out at the playground and chatting. Mona seems really excited about something, while Jean looks a bit worried or sad.The conversations have some useful expressions for showing different feelings:"How exciting!" shows you're feeling thrilled or enthusiastic about something."That's too bad" is a way to sympathize when someone tells you bad news."Cheer up" is what you say to encourage a sad friend to feel happier.We also learn about using "so" to give a reason for a feeling. Like "I'm so excited because..." or "I'm so sad that..." Being able to explain our feelings helps others understand us better.Part B: Expressing FeelingsThis section teaches us more ways to talk about emotions in English. There are words for basic feelings like:Happy, glad, delighted (positive feelings)Sad, unhappy, upset (negative feelings)Afraid, scared, frightened (feelings of fear)But there are also more specific emotion words like:Proud, embarrassed, disappointed, relieved, etc.The examples show how to use these feeling words in sentences like "I feel proud that I did well on the test." Pay attention to the patterns!Part C: An EmailNow we get to read an email that Danny wrote to his friend Alex. In it, Danny talks about his cousin Mark coming to visit. He expresses different emotions about the situation:He's excited because they'll get to do fun activities together.But he's also a bit nervous because Mark is quite a few years older.And he feels worried that Mark might think he's just a little kid.Danny uses great expressions like "I can't wait to..." to show his enthusiasm. And he asks Alex for advice on how to get along better with his older cousin.Part D: A StoryFinally, there's a short story called "The Package." It's about a boy named Tim who orders a pet lizard online as a surprise for his sister. But there's some miscommunication and confusion with the delivery!As you read, notice how the characters' feelings change throughout based on the events:Tim is eager and impatient at first, waiting for the package.Then he's shocked and disappointed when there's no lizard inside!His sister is first puzzled, then amused when she realizes what happened.The story uses great descriptive language to convey the emotions the characters are experiencing. Pay close attention to those details!Well, that's the overview of Unit 5! Remember, understanding and expressing feelings is an important life skill. The more you practice, the better you'll get at it. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇6Hi there, fellow students! Today, we're going to dive into Unit 5 of our English textbook, and I'll be your guide through this exciting journey. Get ready to explore new topics, sharpen your language skills, and maybe even have a bit of fun along the way!The unit kicks off with a delightful conversation between two friends, Amy and Tom. They're chatting about their plans for the upcoming summer vacation. Amy mentions that she's going to visit her grandparents in the countryside, while Tom excitedly shares that he'll be attending a summer camp. Can you relate to the excitement of making plans for the holidays? I know I can!As we move further into the unit, we'll learn all about different kinds of vacations and the activities people enjoy during their time off. From camping and hiking to visiting museums and historical sites, there's something for everyone. Who knows, maybe you'll get some inspiration for your next family trip!One of the highlights of this unit is learning how to talk about future plans and intentions. We'll explore various ways to express what we're going to do, what we want to do, and what we're planning to do. Trust me; these language skills will come in handy when you're making plans with your friends or family.Speaking of plans, have you ever thought about what you'd like to do when you grow up? Well, this unit also covers different professions and the qualities required for certain jobs. You might discover your dream career or at least get a better understanding of the vast array of possibilities out there.But that's not all! We'll also delve into the world of science and technology, exploring fascinating topics like robots, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. Who knows, maybe one of you will become a future scientist or engineer and make groundbreaking discoveries!Throughout the unit, we'll encounter a variety of engaging texts, including conversations, stories, and informative passages. These will not only help us improve our reading comprehension skills but also provide valuable insights into different cultures and perspectives.And let's not forget about the fun activities and exercises! From role-playing scenarios to puzzles and games, there's no shortage of interactive learning opportunities. These will help reinforce the concepts we've learned and make the learning process more enjoyable.Now, I know what you might be thinking: "That's a lot of stuff to cover!" And you're absolutely right. But don't worry; we'll take it one step at a time, and I'll be here to guide you every step of the way. Remember, learning a language is a journey, and the more we practice and explore, the better we'll become.So, are you ready to embark on this exciting adventure with me? Let's dive into Unit 5 and discover all the amazing things it has in store for us!。
Unit five Helping our parents (1)1. 我们之前只学习过一种英语时态:一般现在时;表示习惯性、经常性或有规律的行为。
常用时态标记如:always, usually, often,sometimes, seldom, never, everyday, every Saturday等。
2. 一般现在时也在特定的地方使用:常见的科学事实、剧本写作、飞机和火车时刻表等。
(另外,没有上下文提示词时,我们也通常会使用一般现在时完成动词填空。
)The moon goes around the Earth.Cinderella puts on the new clothes.The plane takes off at 3pm.He is a boy. He likes cooking. He can cook nice food.3. 本单元我们将接触到第二种英语时态:现在进行时;表示动作发生在当下说话的时候(at the time of speaking)。
常用时态标记:now。
结构形式:BE(am/is/are)+ 现在分词(doing)。
4. 现在分词的形式和动名词是一样的,即:doing。
在动词加ing时分三种情况:1)大多数动词都是直接加ing; 2) 不发音的e结尾的动词要去e加ing: riding, having, driving, leaving; 3)重读闭音节动词要双些尾字母再加ing: stopping, sitting, putting, getting,beginning, chatting等。
*重读闭音节:以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾且重读。
Unit five Helping our parents (2)1. wash, brush, watch这些ch, sh结尾的动词,一般现在时三单变位要加es。
2. fruit表示水果时,不可数;表示水果种类时,可数。
第05讲一般疑问句特殊疑问句和选择疑问句(预习七上)模块一思维导图串知识模块二基础知识全梳理(吃透教材)模块三教材习题学解题模块四核心考点精准练模块五小试牛刀过关测1.掌握一般疑问句、选择疑问句和特殊疑问句。
句子按其作用或使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
1.一般疑问句一般疑问句是把助动词或be动词提前,直接用yes或no回答的疑问句。
如:— Does he often take a bus to school?他经常骑单车去上学吗?—Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t. 是的,他是。
/ 不,他不骑单车上学。
2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
特殊疑问词有:who,when,where,what,how,why,which,how long,how many,how often等。
如:— How much is your backpack? 你的背包多少钱?— 20 dollars. 20美元。
3. 选择疑问句选择疑问句由“一般疑问句+or+供选择的部分”构成,不能用yes或no回答。
如:— Is the girl with short hair from America or England?那个留卷头发的女孩来自美国还是英国?— She is from America. 她来自美国。
1.一般疑问句 (用yes或no 回答)1.(23-24七年级上·江苏南京·期中)—Does Jim often fly kites with his friends atweekends?—________. He likes flying kites very much.A.Yes, he is B.Yes, he does C.No, he doesn’t 2. 特殊疑问句(问什么答什么)2.(23-24七年级上·江苏盐城·期末)—________ woman is Daniel’s mother? —The one in the red coat.A.What B.Where C.Who D.Which3. 选择疑问句(选什么答什么)注意:不要错看成一般疑问句。
八年级上册英语第九单元知识点(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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D a y05:翻译天天背-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1翻译天天背(5)(100个必背句型续)61.be used to doingused to do/beWe are used to talking like this.I used to go on holiday with my father, but this year I’ve decided to go on my own.过去我常常和父亲一起去度假,但今年我已决定独自去。
be used to doPlastics can be used to make many kinds of things.塑料可以用来做各种东西。
62.Contrary to one’s will/what people expected, …On the contrary, be contrary to…Contrary to his wish, his English became poorer instead of better, because he only concentrated on the meaning of English words instead of communication.和我早先想的相反,他的英语没有进步而是更差了,因为他只是把注意力集中在词义上而不是在交际上。
63.Not only+倒装句,but also…Not only was everything he had taken away but also his citizenship.64.It is unbelievable/incredible t hat…It’s hard to imagine that/for sb. … to doWe can’t believe that…It’s unbelievable/hard to believe that some young people get divorced only one month after they get married.很难相信有些年轻人在结婚只有一个月后就离婚。
九年级unit5笔记Unit 5: Energy1. Introduction- Energy is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the ability of a system to perform work or cause a change. It plays a crucial role in our everyday lives and the functioning of the universe.- In this unit, we will explore different types of energy, energy transformations, and conservation of energy.2. Forms of Energy- Energy can exist in various forms, including:a. Kinetic Energy: The energy of an object in motion. It depends on the mass and velocity of the object.b. Potential Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its position or state.c. Thermal Energy: The energy associated with the temperature of an object.d. Chemical Energy: The energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules.e. Electrical Energy: The energy carried by electric charges.f. Light Energy: The energy carried by electromagnetic waves.g. Nuclear Energy: The energy released from atomic reactions.3. Energy Transformations- Energy can change from one form to another through energy transformations. Examples include:a. Kinetic to Potential: When a ball is thrown upwards, its kinetic energy transforms into potential energy.b. Potential to Kinetic: When a ball falls, its potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.c. Electrical to Thermal: When electricity is used to heat water in an electric kettle, electrical energy converts into thermal energy.d. Chemical to Light: When a chemical reaction occurs in a glow stick, chemical energy converts into light energy.- Despite these transformations, the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant (Law of Conservation of Energy).4. Energy Sources and Sustainability- Energy sources can be categorized into renewable and non-renewable sources.- Non-renewable sources, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), have limited reserves and produce harmful emissions.- Renewable sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy, are more sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts.- The transition to renewable energy is essential to combat climate change and ensure a sustainable future.5. Energy Efficiency and Conservation- Energy efficiency refers to using less energy to accomplish the same tasks.- Energy conservation involves reducing energy consumption by adopting energy-saving practices and technologies.- Improving the energy efficiency of appliances, insulating buildings, and using energy-efficient lighting are some ways to conserve energy and reduce costs.6. Global Energy Challenges- Inadequate access to reliable energy sources remains a challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in developing nations.- The growing demand for energy, coupled with environmental concerns, calls for innovative solutions and a shift towards renewable energy.- Governments, organizations, and individuals must work together to address these challenges and create a sustainable and equitable energy future.7. Conclusion- Understanding energy and its different forms is vital in comprehending the workings of the physical world.- As responsible individuals, we must strive to conserve energy, adopt renewable sources, and support sustainable energy policies to secure a better future for ourselves and future generations.。
今日任务1、JavaWeb技术知识介绍2、Tomcat服务器安装和配置3、项目发布三种方式4、HTTP协议介绍5、Servlet介绍&编写简单的Servlet程序6、Servlet细节&web开发路径问题7、ServletConfig和ServletContext介绍课堂笔记1、WEB技术1.1、web开发web开发主要是开发网站,开发网站使用的技术有很多。
主要是把资源开发好,然后发布到一个服务器上,然后启动这个服务器,外界就可以通过浏览器来访问到这个服务器,最终访问开发web资源。
web资源可以简单html网页,也可以是音频,视频,文件等资源。
总结:web开发:把资源开发好之后,部署到服务器上,供外界通过浏览器来访问。
1.2、web开发使用到的技术web开发使用到的技术:html、css、javascript、dom技术等。
主流的开发web资源的语言:PHP:开源免费的。
LMAP组合。
linux mysql apache php.net:微软的技术(ASP)。
微软的技术都很贵。
java:javaEE技术(JSP)。
1.3、web资源分类web资源分类:静态的web资源,动态的web资源。
静态的web资源:使用html、css、javascript、dom等技术开发的网页,以及服务器上的音频、视频、文件数据等资源。
动态的web资源,需要使用相应的技术来通过程序生成网页,然后供外界来访问。
随着程序的运行,网页中的数据随时发生变化。
不管是动态、静态web资源,都是在开发网页(网站)。
1.4、服务器介绍web资源开发好之后,需要发布到一台服务器上,然后外界才能访问。
服务器:硬件服务器:大型机(电脑)。
主要是在网络中的一个硬件设备,可以给其分配ip地址。
通过ip地址就可以找到这个设备。
硬件服务器由硬件生产厂商提供。
(IBM,联想,浪潮,曙光等)软件服务器:它需要运行在硬件服务器上的软件。
当我们通过ip找到这个硬件服务器之后,通过端口来指定访问设备中的具体的某个软件程序。
软件服务器运行起来之后,它可以自动的来运行我们开发的web资源,外界访问到软件服务器之后,通过具体的请求资源信息就可以访问到运行在服务器中的web资源。
1.5、常用的web服务器常用的软件服务器:软件服务器由第三方的软件厂商提供。
WebLogic:它支持JavaEE的13种规范。
它是一个中间件服务器,它可以简化我们的项目发开的细节。
WebSphere:也支持JavaEE的13种规范。
上述2个服务器都是收费的。
Tomcat服务器,它是由apache基金组织提供的免费的服务器,它只支持JavaEE中的部分规范。
1.6、JavaWeb开发JavaWEB开发,主要是使用JavaEE技术,开发web资源,然后把web资源发布到软件服务器上,外界可以访问我们开发的资源信息。
在后期我们学习的技术都基于JavaWEB开发,并且学习和真实开发中使用的服务器基本是TOMCA T。
2、安装配置tomcat:2.1、如何安装和配置tomcat服务器2.1.1、下载安装我们要使用tomcat服务器发布我们开发的JavaWEB项目,必须先在自己的电脑上安装服务器。
需要到apache官网去下载。
直接解压zip文件夹。
打开解压的文件夹,找到bin目录。
然后进入:双击运行。
打开浏览器在地址栏中输入:http://localhost:8080http://192.168.1.252:8080http://127.0.0.1:8080 2.1.2、配置环境变量tomcat解压完成,就表示服务器安装完成。
需要在本地配置环境变量JA V A_HOME2.1.3、启动服务器找到tomcat的bin目录,运行startup.bat文件。
2.1.4、测试打开浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080http://192.168.1.252:8080http://127.0.0.1:80802.2、tomcat服务器安装配置常见问题2.2.1、无法启动(闪退)如果配置了JA V A_HOME环境变量,TOMCA T仍然无法运行:打开startup.bat文件,在最后书写pause。
修改JA V A_HOME或者JRE_HOME环境变量。
JA V A_HOME 配置的是jdk安装目录,不包含bin目录JRE_HOME 配置jre的安装目录。
一般只需要配置JA VA_HOME环境变量即可。
2.2.2、端口被占用的问题tomcat服务器启动的时候默认占用的端口8080。
如果本地已经有程序占用了8080端口,就会导致tomcat服务器启动出错。
打开dos窗口,输入netstat -nao 查看具体是什么程序占用8080端口。
找到程序的进程号,打开任务管理器,显示进程的pid重启启动tomcat即可。
注意,如果这个进程是操作系统的服务器进程,在任务管理器中是无法结束。
2.2.3、没有配置CATALINA_HOME 环境变量如果JA V A_HOME或JRE_HOME配置的没有问题,端口也没有被占用,这时启动还是闪退,这时在startup.bat文件中书写pause命令让启动窗口停住。
显示缺少CA TALINA_HOME。
CA TALINA_HOME 配置的tomcat的安装目录,不包含tomcat的bin目录。
CA TALINA_HOME=F:\软件包\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.54在配置JA V A_HOME或JRE_HOME时环境变量的后面不要加分号。
2.3、tomcat安装目录介绍tomcat的目录:bin:保存的是可以直接运行的文件,一般是二进制文件。
conf:tomcat的配置文件存放目录。
server.xml等文件lib:tomcat服务器所需的jar包的保存目录logs:tomcat启动的日志文件。
如果tomcat启动出错,就可以在logs下查看日志。
temp:临时文件保存的目录webapps:这个目录十分重要,其中主要保存发布的web资源项目。
我们开发的web资源可以保存在这个目录下,当启动tomcat服务器的时候,就会自动的运行在这个目录下的所有文件。
work:保存的jsp被翻译成Servlet程序之后保存的目录。
3、web项目目录介绍在tomcat的webapps目录下可以保存我们开发好的web项目。
真正一个完整的web项目,它也有自己的目录:只有符合相应的web项目的目录,tomcat服务器才能正常的运行其中的java程序。
web项目的目录:项目名(文件夹)|------保存静态的web资源,这些资源外界可以直接访问|-------WEB-INF:它中的所有内容不允许外界直接访问。
它主要是供服务器进行运行的。
通过服务器间接的去访问,后期我们开发的java程序等都保存在这个目录下。
|-------classes:保存开发的所有的class文件。
|-------web.xml:它是当前项目的管理文件。
|-------lib:当前项目需要的jar包文件。
4、web项目发布方式当我们使用Java技术开发好web资源,需要把资源发布到tomcat服务器上之后,这个资源外界才能访问。
模拟三个项目:把这三个项目发布到tomcat服务器上。
tomcat项目的发布方式有5种,这里介绍其中的三种。
当需要发布一个web资源的时候,可以在tomcat的conf目录中server.xml中进行配置。
在conf/server.xml文件中的Host标签中配置要发布的项目:Context 标签的C字母必须大写。
path属性书写的value值,就外界通过浏览器访问的路径名称docBase是要发布的项目的真实路径。
上述的配置,外界就可以通过http://localhost:8080/abcd/1.html由于修改了tomcat的配置文件,必须重启tomcat服务器。
第一种发布方式不友好,每次都需要修改server.xml文件,就需要重启tomcat服务器。
而一个服务器上发布的项目可能有很多。
tomcat的帮助文档中已经明确告诉我们不建议采用这种方式配置。
第二种方式:在tomcat\conf\Catalina\localhost中进行配置,这个配置不需要重启服务器。
在localhost目录下直接书写xml文件,在xml文件中书写Context标签,标签中不用书写path属性当前的xml文件名就是外界访问的路径名。
4.3、第三种发布方式第二种方式虽然不用重启服务器,但是配置也麻烦,最简单的方式就是把需要发布的项目,直接拷贝到tomcat的webapps目录下即可。
tomcat就会自动的发布运行这个项目。
这种方式,如果项目文件较大,拷贝时间过程。
4..4、项目压缩包制作我们可以把web项目进行压缩,然后再发布到tomcat服务器。
java程序压缩后的文件jar包。
web项目压缩的文件war包。
4.5、tomcat的管理在访问到tomcat的主页之后,可以对tomcat进行管理设置。
这时是没有帐号和密码,的直接点击取消。
5、web应用开发和http协议5.1、MyEclipse开发web应用1、新建web项目:2、导入JavaEE的核心jar包。
2、给MyEclipse关联我们自己的tomcat服务器3、发布项目:4、开启服务器访问web资源。
浏览器地址栏中输入:5.2、http协议介绍协议:协议表示的通信的双方应该遵守的规则。
只要双方按照指定的规则,这时互相才能接收到对应的信息。
http协议:超文本传输协议,这个协议的底层使用的tcp协议。
http协议属于应用层的协议。
tcp属于传输层的协议。
http协议:基于请求和响应模型和存在的一个协议。
用户打开浏览器开始访问某个互联网中的资源,用户访问的过程,我们称为用户给服务器发起一个请求。
当服务器接收到用户的请求之后,会根据请求中的内容,给用户回送对应的数据,服务器给用户回送数据的过程称为服务器给客户端的响应。
一次请求,就会对应着一个响应,因此我们把这个过程称为请求响应模型。
http协议,在约束请求和响应的,请求和响应必须按照一定的规则来进行,这样才能保存双方识别对应发来的数据。
http协议分成2个版本:http1.0:一次连接,对应一次请求和响应。
响应结束,连接断开http1.1:一次连接,对应多个请求和响应。
5.2.1、http协议的请求格式:GET /books/java.html HTTP/1.1 请求行GET 是请求方式请求方式GET POST/books/java.html 请求的资源HTTP/1.1客户端请求服务器时使用的协议下面是请求头头是由key:value组成,value可以是多个Accept: */*Accept-Language: en-usConnection: Keep-AliveHost: localhostReferer: http://localhost/links.aspUser-Agent: Mozilla/4.0Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate正文:请求格式包含三部分:请求行请求头请求体我们可以在浏览器中安装插件监控请求和响应:用于HTTP请求中的常用头Accept: text/html,image/* 标签客户端可以接收的数据类型Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1 接收的字符编码表Accept-Encoding: gzip 表示客户端可以接收压缩数据Accept-Language:zh-cn 客户端使用的语言Host: :80访问的主机If-Modified-Since: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT 它表示的上次访问的资源的最后一次修改的事件。