全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位

阅读理解高分必备全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考英语专项突破教材管理类专业硕士联考命题研究中心◎编著北京·广州·上海·西安全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考英语专项突破教材·阅读理解高分必备编著:管理类专业硕士联考命题研究中心责任编辑:夏丹倪艳霞装帧设计:中公教育设计中心出版:世界图书出版公司北京公司出版人:张跃明发行:世界图书出版公司北京公司(地址:北京朝内大街137号邮编:100010电话:64077922)销售:各地新华书店印刷:三河市文昌印刷装订厂开本:850mm ×1168mm 1/16印张:17字数:326千版次:2014年3月第1版2014年3月第1次印刷ISBN 978-7-5100-7560-5定价:38.00元版权所有翻印必究图书在版编目(CIP)数据全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考英语专项突破教材.阅读理解高分必备/管理类专业硕士联考命题研究中心编著.—北京:世界图书出版公司北京公司,2014.2ISBN 978-7-5100-7560-5Ⅰ.①全…Ⅱ.①管…Ⅲ.①英语-阅读教学-研究生-入学考试-自学参考资料Ⅳ.①H31中国版本图书馆CIP 数据核字(2014)第026274号阅读理解高分四步法阅读理解的分值占据了考研英语(二)试卷分值的50%,自然是考试的重头戏,因此考生能否巧妙解题、灵活作答,从而取得阅读理解的高分,已经成为决定英语(二)考试成败的关键因素。

本书建议考生按照以下四个步骤来赢得英语(二)阅读理解的高分。

第一步通读全文,把握主旨各段的主旨句往往在句首,而文章的最后一句很可能是对全文的概括总结。

因此考生要在短时间内集中精力快速扫视全文,特别留意首尾两段以及每段的第一句和最后一句,以便把握全文主旨,并明白文章大致的篇章结构。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——管理类综合能力考试大纲于2023年9月正式发布。

该大纲作为报考管理类专业学位硕士研究生的权威指导文件，旨在科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读专业学位所必需的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能。

管理类综合能力考试包括数学基础、逻辑推理和写作三部分，其中数学基础部分主要测试考生对基本概念、基本性质、基本定理和公式的理解和掌握程度，以及对这些知识的运用能力。

逻辑推理部分主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，包括对各种逻辑推理规则、逻辑矛盾的识别和解决能力。

写作部分则主要测试考生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和批判性思维能力。

总体来说，2024年管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试大纲注重对考生综合能力的考察，要求考生具备扎实的基础知识、灵活的思维能力和良好的表达能力。

考生在备考过程中，应该注重对基础知识的学习和掌握，同时注重提高自己的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和语言表达能力。

以上信息仅供参考，具体考试大纲和要求请以官方发布的最新消息为准。

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题⼀一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E五个选项中，只有⼀项是符合试题要求的。

1. 油价上涨后，加一箱油比原来多花20元，一个月后油价下降，则加一箱油需要花( )元。

A.384 B.401C.402.8D.403.2E.4042. 已知甲、乙两公司的利润之比为3:4，甲、丙两公司的利润之比为1:2，若乙公司的利润为3000万元，则丙公司的利润为( )万元。

A.5000B.4500C.4000D.3500E.25003.一个分数的分母和分子之和为38，其分子分母都减去15，约分后得到，则这个分数的分母与分子之差为A.1B.2C.3D.4E.54.A.B.C.D.E.5. 某公司财务部有男员工2名，女员工3名，销售部有男员工4名，女员工1名，现要从中选出2男1女组成工作小组，并要求每部门至少1名员工入选，则工作小组的构成方式有( )种。

A.24B.36C.50D.51E.686. 甲乙两人从同一地点出发，甲先出发10分钟，若乙跑步追赶甲，则10分钟追上，若乙骑车追赶甲，每分钟比跑步多行100米，则5分钟追上，那么甲每分钟走的距离为( )米。

A.50B.75C.100D.125E.1507. 如图，已知点，若点使得最大，则A.B.C.D.E.8. 由于疫情防控，电影院要求不同家庭之间至少隔一个座位，同家庭的成员要相连，两个家庭去看电影，一家3 人，一家2人，现有一排7个相连的座位，符合要求的做法有( )种。

A.36B.48C.72D.144E.2169. 方程的所有实根之和为A.-4B.-3C.-2D.-1E.010. 如图，从一个棱长为6米的正方体中裁去两个相同的正三棱锥，若正三棱锥的边长AB为，则剩余几何体的表面积为A.168B.C.D.E.11. 如图，在三角形中，，平分交于，平分交于，和交于，A.B.C.D.E.12. 跳水比赛中，裁判给某选手的一个动作打分，其平均值为8.6，方差为1.1，若去掉一个最高得分9.7和一个最低得分7.3，则剩余得分的A.平均值变小，方差变大B.平均值变小，方差变小C.平均值变小，方差不变D.平均值变大，方差变大E.平均值变大，方差变小13.设为正实数，则的最大值为A.B.C.D.E.14. 如图，在矩形中，，分别为，的中点，从中任取3个点，则这3个点为顶点可组成直角三角形A.B.C.D.E.15. 快递员收到3个同城快递任务，取送地点各不相同，取送件可穿插进行，不同的送件方式有( )种。

396考纲2024一、了解396考纲的含义和作用396考纲，全称为“全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力”，是中国大陆地区管理类专业硕士（如MBA、EMBA、MPA等）研究生入学考试的一部分。

396考纲主要测试考生的逻辑思维、分析能力、数学基础和英语水平，目的是选拔具备一定管理潜力和基本素质的考生。

二、分析2024年396考纲的变化1.考试科目和分值分布：396考试包括数学、逻辑、英语和写作四个科目，总分为200分。

其中，数学占比45%，逻辑占比40%，英语占比10%，写作占比5%。

2.考试内容：数学部分主要包括高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计等；逻辑部分主要包括逻辑推理、逻辑分析、逻辑思维训练等；英语部分主要包括词汇、阅读、翻译等；写作部分主要包括论证有效性分析、论述文等。

3.考试形式：396考试采用计算机化考试，考生需在规定时间内完成试卷。

4.考试时间：396考试一般在每年10月底或11月初进行。

三、针对2024年396考纲，提出应对策略1.制定合理的学习计划：根据396考纲，合理安排学习时间，确保四个科目均衡发展。

2.夯实基础知识：数学、逻辑和英语部分都需要扎实的基础知识，考生可通过教材、辅导课程等途径加强基础学习。

3.提高解题速度和准确率：396考试时间紧张，考生需在平时练习中提高解题速度和准确率。

4.注重写作训练：写作部分占比较低，但难度较大。

考生需多进行写作训练，提高写作水平和逻辑思维能力。

5.模拟考试：临近考试，可进行全真模拟考试，熟悉考试流程和题型，增强应试信心。

四、总结：2024年396考纲的关键点及应对方法1.熟悉考纲内容，明确考试要求。

2.重点关注数学、逻辑和英语基础知识的学习。

3.提高解题速度和准确率，加强写作训练。

4.参加模拟考试，熟悉考试环境和时间压力。

通过以上应对策略，相信考生可在2024年的396考试中取得优异成绩。

英语(二)预测模拟试卷全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考张能彦◎主编管理类专业硕士联考命题研究中心◎审定北京·广州·上海·西安全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考·英语(二)预测模拟试卷主编:张能彦责任编辑:夏丹倪艳霞装帧设计:中公教育设计中心出版:世界图书出版公司北京公司出版人:张跃明发行:世界图书出版公司北京公司(地址:北京朝内大街137号邮编:100010电话:64077922)销售:各地新华书店印刷:三河市祥达印刷包装有限公司开本:787mm ×1092mm 1/16印张:13.5字数:259千版次:2011年11月第1版2014年2月第5次印刷ISBN 978-7-5100-4078-8定价:53.00元版权所有翻印必究图书在版编目(CIP)数据全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA 、MPA 、MPAcc 管理类专业学位联考.英语(二)预测模拟试卷/张能彦编.—北京:世界图书出版公司北京公司,2011.11(2014.2重印)ISBN 978-7-5100-4078-8Ⅰ.①全…Ⅱ.①张…Ⅲ.①英语-研究生-入学考试-习题集Ⅳ.①H319.6中国版本图书馆CIP 数据核字(2011)第223762号2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语(二)预测模拟试卷(一)Section玉Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet.Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history.For example,William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym,and the real name of this1author is not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes.A well⁃known person may use a pseudonym to write messages,where the person does not want people’s2of the real author3their perception of the message.Also other people may want to4certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more5evaluation of their messages.A case in point is that in history it has been6that women used male pseudonyms,and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their7was persecuted.Anonymity is often used to protect the8of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study,when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances.For instance,a person may,in many countries,consult a priest,doctor or lawyer and9personal information which is protected.In some10,for example confession in catholic churches,the confession booth is specially11to allow people to consult a priest,12seeing him face to face.The anonymity in13situations is however not always100%.If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a14crime,some countries allow or even15that the lawyer tell the16.The decision to do so is not easy,since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to17their feeling more than their real intention.Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip⁃offs to newspapers.It is regarded as18that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse,even though they are dependent19 the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name.Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for20reasons.1.[A]strange[B]ordinary[C]ridiculous[D]famous2.[A]preconception[B]worship[C]admiration[D]discrimination3.[A]color[B]destroy[C]distinguish[D]prefer4.[A]show[B]conceal[C]cancel[D]distain2——。

全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试大纲解析全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试是对报考管理类专业研究生的考生进行综合能力测试的一项重要考试。

下面是对该考试大纲的解析。

1. 考试目的和基本要求：该考试旨在评估考生在管理类专业领域中的综合能力，包括但不限于问题分析与解决能力、数理逻辑推理能力、信息获取与处理能力、组织协调与管理能力、沟通与表达能力、创新与创业能力等。

考试要求考生熟悉和掌握领域内的基本概念、理论和方法，并能够运用这些知识对实际问题进行分析和解决。

2. 考试内容和形式：考试内容主要包括管理学、经济学、法学、数学、统计学等相关领域的知识。

考试形式分为笔试和面试两部分，其中笔试包括选择题、分析题和计算题等，面试主要评估考生的口头表达能力。

3. 考试分值和时间安排：考试总分为300分，其中笔试占200分，面试占100分。

考试时间为3小时，包括2小时的笔试和1小时的面试。

4. 考试评分和合格标准：考试采用标准化评分，每道题目都有确定的评分标准和分数区间。

考试合格标准根据招生学校的要求而定，通常为笔试合格分数线和面试合格分数线。

5. 考试招生范围和报名条件：考试招生范围包括全国各高校以及其他相关单位。

考生需要具备相应的学士学位或同等学历，并满足报考学校的其他要求，如工作经验、英语水平要求等。

综上所述，全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试是一项对于报考管理类专业研究生的考生进行综合能力测试的重要考试。

考生需熟悉和掌握相关领域的知识，并具备问题分析与解决能力、数理逻辑推理能力、信息获取与处理能力、组织协调与管理能力、沟通与表达能力、创新与创业能力等综合能力。

通过该考试能够评估考生的背景知识和应对实际问题的能力，在选拔合适的研究生候选人方面具有重要意义。

Ⅰ考试性质 综合能力考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收管理类专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国联考科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读专业学位所必须的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能，评价的标准是高等学校本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上的水平，以利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔，确保专业学位硕士研究生的招生质量。

Ⅱ考查目标 1. 具有运用数学基础知识、基本方法分析和解决问题的能力。

2. 具有较强的分析、推理、论证等逻辑思维能力。

3. 具有较强的文字材料理解能力、分析能力以及书面表达能力。

Ⅲ考试形式和试卷结构 一、试卷满分及考试时间 试卷满分为 200 分,考试时间为 180 分钟。

二、答题方式 答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

不允许使用计算器。

三、试卷内容与题型结构 数学基础 75 分，有以下两种题型： 问题求解 15 小题，每小题 3 分，共 45 分 条件充分性判断 10 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分 逻辑推理 30 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分 写作 2 小题，其中论证有效性分析 30 分，论说文 35 分，共 65 分 Ⅳ考查内容 一、数学基础 综合能力考试中的数学基础部分主要考查考生的运算能力、逻辑推理能力、空间想象能力和数据处理能力，通过问题求解和条件充分性判断两种形式来测试。

试题涉及的数学知识范围有： (一)算术 1. 整数 (1) 整数及其运算 (2) 整除、公倍数、公约数 (3) 奇数、偶数 (4) 质数、合数 2. 分数、小数、百分数 3. 比与比例 4. 数轴与绝对值 (二)代数 1.整式 (1)整式及其运算 (2)整式的因式与因式分解 2.分式及其运算 3.函数 (1)集合 (2)一元二次函数及其图像 (3)指数函数、对数函数 4.代数方程 (1)一元一次方程 (2)一元二次方程 (3)二元一次方程组 5.不等式 (1)不等式的性质 (2)均值不等式 (3)不等式求解 一元一次不等式(组)，一元二次不等式，简单绝对值不等式，简单分式不等式。

第一篇知彼知己篇第一节面试是现代社会一种常见的选拔人才的方法。

一般来说,笔试主要考查考生的知识和基本认知能力,而面试主要测查和评价考生的综合素质和其他能力。

也就是说,面试是一种经过组织者精心设计、在特定的场景下以考官对考生的面对面交谈和观察为主要手段来判断考生综合素质与能力的考查形式。

对于企业而言,针对企业中的某一个职位,企业会依据其岗位职责要求提出一个胜任力模型,从而归纳出本职责所需要的能力支持要素,它能够具体指明从事本职位的人需要具备什么能力才能良好地完成该职位的职责需要。

对于众多有志于成为企业高级管理人才的人士而言,通过攻读管理类专业硕士来全面提高自己的管理能力、拓宽战略视野和人脉网络,这无疑是一条值得选择的人生发展途径。

目前,越来越多的有志于提升自身管理能力的人士选择攻读管理类专业硕士,以此来提升自己的管理综合水平和职场竞争力。

与以往录取侧重笔试成绩不同,招生院校越来越重视申请人综合素质,因此面试渐渐成为获得管理类专业硕士院校录取资格的重要途径。

随着我国主要管理类专业硕士招生院校先后进行提前面试改革,面试的成败更是直接成为申请知名院校的关键性因素,清华、北大等商学院甚至将提前面试作为院校录取的唯一申请途径。

怎样才能获得理想的面试成绩?面试要做哪些准备工作?不同的招生院校侧重点有哪些不同?面试中又侧重考查什么样的能力?有哪些技巧和方法?要注意哪些细节?带着诸如此类的问题,我们一同走近管理类专业硕士面试。

一尧管理类专业硕士简介(一)工商管理硕士(MBA)MBA,全称是工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration),是近百年来风靡全球的热门实用学科。

一般认为,美国最早的管理学院是1881年美国宾夕法尼亚大学设立的The Wharton School of F inance and Economics;而工商管理硕士培训计划(MBA Program)要晚些,诞生于哈佛大学。

2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you’re making a nice, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees. Working in the departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,a growth team and sparked the kind of perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently the premium version to users of the free version. , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for theof these goals.This growth leader is also for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t the current goal and need to depend on the back burner.1.[A] purchase [B] profit[C] connection [D] bet2.[A] define [B] predict[C] prioritize [D] appreciate3.[A] exclusively [B] temporarily [C] potentially [D] initially4.[A] experiment [B] proposal [C] debate [D] example5.[A] identical [B] marginal [C] provisional[D] traditional6.[A] rumour[B] secret [C] myth [D] problem7.[A] despite [B] unlike [C] through[D] besides8.[A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore[D] again9.[A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10.[A] cultural [B] objective[C] fresh[D] personal11.[A] end [B] burden [C] lack ( of ) [D] decrease12.[A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose[D] insight13.[A] contributing [B] allocating[C] promoting [D] transferring14.[A] As a result[B] At any rate [C] By the way [D] ln a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow[D] choose16.[A] share[B] identify[C] divide[D] broaden17.[A] announcement[B] assessment [C] adjustment[D]accomplishment18.[A] famous [B] responsible [C] available [D] respectable19.[A] Before[B] Once [C] While[D] Unless20.[A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize[D] alterSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawns, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut -- and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions have now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsen Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which norms the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne of the RHS said: we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problem fake grass cause. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there’s also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of £500 trees or shrouds for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass_____.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’ _____.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out_____.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass_______.[A] is being improved continuously[B] has seen a market share decline[C] is becoming increasingly affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and businesses in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. An economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers fund that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure that parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of responders said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts tenth national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive education programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places of life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are us national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of campground may_____.[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visitors to parks28. According to paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would_____.[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks’ recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they_____.[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for the locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_____.[A] is able to cope with staff shortages[B] is able to meet visitor’ demands[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain,” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn’t remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet. “I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. “It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don’t know.”31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will_____.[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of “cognitive offloading” _____.[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burden33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our learning approach[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that_____.[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus declines with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 child and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increased as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like selfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenager behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity”. Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs “reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the conch.36. According to paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to_____.[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of their past[D] show affection for their parents37. It can be learned from paragraph 2 that Crone’s study______.[A] explores teenagers’ social responsibilities[B] examines teenagers’ emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlights negative adolescence behavior38. What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate.[B] It is cultivated through education.[C] It is subject to family influence.[D] It tends to peak in adolescence.39. It can be learned from last two paragraph that teenagers______.[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavour to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] Why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] Why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for Brian Berry small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an in creased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more, ” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest cha nges relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”The changes could mean an extra £3,000 added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers, a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease, as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects, says external walls will need to be about 7cm thicker than previously.Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of My Job Quote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As properties become more airtight, there are also measures to ensure proper airflow, such as having small openings (trickle vents) on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.For people extending their homes, they may be required to install a new, or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build, says Belsham. These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat, which will require increased insulation of pipes.“We’ll see more insulation, better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas. But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain, and so ventilation is also covered, ” says Rolande.“As a result, double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and, of course, to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property. ”As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline, according to Belsham. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills.But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership, ” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs. ”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the ne w requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says.However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over tim e.”Section III Translation46. Directions：Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your friend David asks you which one he should go to. Write him an email to1) make a suggestion, and2) give your reason(s)Do not use your own name in your email, use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) heath literacy 健康素养。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题考生注意事项1.答题前,考生须在答题卡指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考单位和考生编号,同时在答题卡上涂写考生编号的信息点。

2.试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

3.填(书)写部分必须使用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔,涂写部分必须使用2B 铅笔。

4.考试结束,将答题卡和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

总分英语知识运用阅读理解英译汉A B 10010401015自测分1015写作A B圆园员源年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have1that normal⁃weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3,among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an4of good health.Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional football play⁃ers12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI.Today we have a(n)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are some⁃times15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes16with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese.17very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,have stimulated a number of an⁃ti⁃obesity19.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama has launched a high⁃visibility campaign20childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1.[A]concluded[B]ensured[C]doubted[D]denied1——。

2024全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考大纲
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考大纲主要包括以下内容：
一、考试性质
管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试是针对管理类专业学位的硕士研究生招生考试，旨在测试考生的综合素质和综合能力，包括逻辑推理、数学基础、写作能力等方面的能力。

二、考试方式
管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试采用闭卷、笔试的方式进行，考试时间为3小时。

三、考试内容与题型
1.数学基础：考察学生对数学基本概念、定理、公式的掌握程度，以及运用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。

题型包括选择题、填空题和解答题等。

2.逻辑推理：考察学生的逻辑思维能力，包括对推理、论证、判断等逻辑问题的分析能力。

题型包括选择题、填空题和简答题等。

3.写作能力：考察学生的语言表达能力，包括论证类、议论类、说明类等文体的写作能力。

题型包括短文写作和论述题等。

具体来说，管理类专业学位联考综合能力考试的数学基础部分通常包括代数、几何、概率论与数理统计等方面的知识。

逻辑推理部分可能涉及概念、判断、推理等方面的内容。

写作能力部分则要求学生能够撰写条理清晰、表达准确的短文和论述题。

需要注意的是，具体的考试内容和题型可能会因年份和专业而有所不同，考生需要参考当年的考试大纲和官方通知来了解具体的考试要求和备考策略。

同时，考生也需要注重基础知识的掌握和思维能力的提升，通过多做真题和模拟题来提高自己的应试能力。

2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题⼀ . 问题求解：第1-15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E五个选项中，只有⼀项是符合试题要求的。

1. 一项工程施工3天后，因故障停工2天，之后工程队工作效率提高，仍能按原计划完成，则原计划工期为A.9天B.10天C.12天D.15天E.18天2. 某商品的成本利润率为，若其成本降低而售价不变，则利润率为A.B.C.D.E.3. 设，为实数，则的最小值为A.1B.C.2D.E.34. 如图，是等腰直角三角形，以为圆心的圆弧交于，交于，交的延长线于，若曲边三角形与的面积相等，则A.B.C.D.E.5. 如图，已知相邻的圆都相切，从这6个图中随机取2个，这2个圆不相切的概率为A.B.C.D.E.6. 如图，在棱长为2的正方体中，，是顶点，，是所在棱的中点，则四边形的面积为A.B.C.D.E.7. 桌上放有8只杯子，将其中的3只杯子翻转(杯口朝上与朝下互换)作为一次操作，8只杯口朝上的杯子经次操作后，杯口全部朝下，则的最小值为A.3B.4C.5D.6E.88. 某公司有甲、乙、丙三个部门，若从甲部门调26人到丙部门，则丙部门是甲部门人数的6倍；若从乙部门调5人到丙部门，则丙部门的人数与乙部门人数相等。

甲，乙两部门之差除以5的余数为A.0B.1C.2D.3E.49. 在直角中，为斜边的中点，以为直径的圆交于点，若的面积为8，则的面积为A.1B.2C.3D.4E.610. 一个自然数的各位数字都是105的质因数，且每个质因数最多出现一次，这样的自然数有( )个。

A.6B.9C.12D.15E.2711. 购买A玩具和B玩具各1件需花费1.4元，购买200件A玩具和150件B玩具需花费250元，则A玩具的单价为A.0.5元B.0.6元C.0.7元D.0.8元E.0.9元12. 甲、乙两支足球队进行比赛，比分为，且在比赛过程中乙队没有领先过，则不同的进球顺序有A.6种B.8种C.9种D.10种E.12种13. 4名男生和2名女生随机站成一排，女生既不在两端也不相邻的概率为A.B.C.D.E.14. 已知A，B两地相距，甲，乙，丙三车的速度分别为，，，甲、乙两车从A地出发去B地，丙车从B地出发去A地，三车同时出发。

管理类硕士招生都有哪些专业管理类硕士研究生教育是中国高等教育体系的重要组成部分，旨在培养具备高水平的管理理论知识和实践能力的高级专门人才。

目前，管理类硕士研究生招生专业种类较多，包括工商管理、公共管理、会计学、金融学、市场营销、信息管理与信息系统、劳动与社会保障、旅游管理等等。

下面，将逐一介绍这些专业的招生情况。

1、工商管理工商管理是现代企业管理的核心和基础，其研究内容涵盖企业战略、组织管理、人力资源管理、市场营销、财务管理、供应链管理等。

目前，工商管理专业是管理类硕士研究生招生中最具规模的专业之一，除了传统的工商管理硕士（MBA）外，还出现了各种细分方向，如市场营销、战略管理、人力资源管理、财务管理等。

此外，一些高校还开设了EMBA、AMBA、CEIBS等高端管理类硕士研究生教育项目，并得到了企业界的高度认可和关注。

招生工商管理专业的研究生院校及学术方向较多，既包括综合性大学，也包括以管理为主的高等院校和研究所。

2、公共管理公共管理是指政府及其机构对社会公众事务进行领导、组织和管理的过程。

公共管理专业包括公共政策与治理、行政管理、社会保障等方向。

目前，公共管理专业也是管理类硕士研究生招生的热门专业之一，国内各大高校和研究所都开设了公共管理硕士（MPA）或公共事务硕士（MPP）等专业，以适应国家公共管理领域对人才的需求。

学生在此专业中学会政策制定与执行、公共财政管理、城市规划与管理、人力资源管理等管理方法，并具备社会调查与分析能力及决策分析与管理实践能力。

3、会计学会计学是一个经济管理学科，主要研究经济运作过程中的财务管理和信息处理。

该专业对人才要求极高，要求学生具有较高的财务会计基础和计算机技术能力，同时具备较强的会计实务能力和高度的职业素养。

目前，会计学专业是全国研究生教育中的重点专业之一，该专业硕士研究生教育方向主要为财务会计、管理会计和审计等方向。

通常，会计学硕士招生的院校和研究所要求考生具有优秀的财务和会计学基础，并要参加全国硕士研究生入学考试进行评估。

什么是管理类联考
管理类联考，是指管理类专业学位硕士研究生入学统一考试。

（学硕和专硕的区别可以看这篇：）
管理类专业硕士研究生设置有七个专业学位：
工商管理硕士(EMBA/MBA)、公共管理硕士(MPA)、工程管理硕士（MEM）、会计硕士（MPAcc）、图书情报硕士（MLIS）、旅游管理硕士（MTA）、审计硕士（MAud）。

考试时间一般在每年的12月中下旬（周六）。

9月下旬预报名，10月初开始正式报名。

关于报考条件可以看这篇：
统考科目共两门，每科3小时，一天考完，总分300分。

1）199管理类联考综合能力，满分200分
2）204英语（二），满分100分
管理类联考综合能力，分别涉及数学、逻辑推理、写作(论证有效性分析、论说文)，共三大部分。

其中，数学不考高数，考察的基本是中学阶段的初等数学，当然会涉及到部分高中知识点。

逻辑和写作，考察的知识点不多，只要掌握好的备考方法，分数不会差，逻辑部分。

写作，不是考察文笔，注重的是逻辑思维和商科思维。

英语（二）难度介于四六级之间，主要考量学生的词汇量和阅读理解能力
参加管理类联考的同学如何备考？可以看这篇：
点赞关注我，获取更多管综高效备考方法~。

【大纲内容1000字】一、考试性质工程管理硕士（MEM）专业学位研究生入学考试是国家教育主管部门为检验工程管理专业学位研究生的培养质量，以及选拔具备管理学、经济学、信息工程、软件工程等多个学科背景的工程管理人才而设立的全国统一性考试。

其目的是测试考生是否具备攻读MEM专业学位和研究MEM专业方向所必需的基本素质、基本知识和基本技能。

二、考试科目初试科目：管理类联考综合能力和英语二。

三、考试形式和试卷结构（一）考试形式1. 闭卷，笔试；试卷总分为200分，考试时间为180分钟。

2. 答题方式为笔试，试卷中各部分一律用现代汉语书写。

（二）试卷结构1. 试卷题型分布合理，试题素材来源广泛，包括但不限于工程管理实践，反映工程管理领域的最新发展和建设动态。

2. 各部分内容考查均有所涉及，注重考查考生的知识应用能力。

3. 试卷充分体现全日制和非全日制双证的要求，合理设置全日制与在职攻读MEM两种类型的考查方式，以确保考试公平公正。

四、考查内容及难度要求（一）数学基础（75分）：考查考生的数据处理能力、问题解决能力及基本的数学知识，注重考察实际应用能力，避免陷入传统数学的怪圈。

（二）逻辑推理（60分）：主要考查考生对于形式逻辑的掌握和应用，以及对文字材料的理解和推理能力，同时要求考生具备良好的语言文字表达能力和批判性思维。

（三）写作（45分）：要求考生能够根据题目要求撰写出清晰、准确、有条理的文字材料，包括论证和分析两种类型，重点考察考生的语言表达和思维能力。

（四）英语二（40分）：要求考生能够阅读和理解工程管理领域的英文资料和文献，主要涉及经济管理、工程项目管理等方面的内容。

五、命题原则MEM考试命题坚持科学性、公平性和规范性原则，注重考查考生对基本概念、基本原理和基本方法的掌握程度，以及运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。

同时，试题的难易程度和题型分布要合理，避免过于复杂或简单的现象发生。

命题力求体现全日制和非全日制双证的要求，反映工程管理领域的最新发展和建设动态。