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Mean
Std. deviation
Gain 1
3.24
1.525 3.24
5.42
1.617 5.27
5.88
1.579 5.23
Table 4.2 Descriptive Statistics of Immediate Test
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延安大学外国语学1院1
Delayed Test
Group
Control (n=51)
Secondly, encouraged by Skehan’s Information Processing Model (1999), it can be suggested that intervening in learners’ output process to further second language vocabulary’s learning naturally.
Note: 1=control group, 2=comprehension group, 3=production group
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延安大学外国语学1院3
Findings from the Comparison
Delayed test-pretest
Mean
Std.
(I) (J)
Sig.
Difference Error
(3) It is difficult to control the time of experiment exactly.
.,.,
延安大学外国语学1院7
延安大学
Thank you for your attention!
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延安大学外国语学1院8
LSD 1 2 -2.11461 .32002 .000 3 -1.83622 .31498 .000
2 1 2.11461 3 .27839
.32002 .000 .31498 .378
3 1 1.83622 2 -.27839
.31498 .000 .31498 .378
95%Condifence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound
Production task (n=49)
Pilot Study
Pilot Study
Pilot Study
Pilot Study
Treatment
True or false task
Immediate Posttest
Immediate Posttest
Immediate Posttest
Text
tasks and learners of comprehension tasks towards the new words’ retention?
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延安大学外国语学院5
Theories Related to This Study
Related Theories
Output Hypothesis Information Processing Model
Std. Deviation .000 .367 .483
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics of Pretest
.,.,
延安大学外国语学1院0
Immediate Test
Group
Control (n=51) Comprehension (n=48) Production (n=49)
1 It is a controversial issue whether output is the result of acquisition or the cause of acquisition and whether output process is related to learning process.
1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Research Methodology 4. Results and Discussions 5. Conclusion
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延安大学外国语学院3
Research Orientation:
Why do I choose the theme for my study?
Pretest Immediate Test
Delayed Test Comparison
.,.,
Results of Experiment
延安大学外国语学院9
Pretest
Group
Control (n=51)
Comprehension (n=48)
Production (n=49)
Mean .00 .16 .65
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延安大学外国语学1院2
Findings from the Comparison
Immediate test -pretest
(I) (J) Mean
Std.
Difference Error
Sig. 95%Condifence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound
Comprehension (n=48)
Production (n=49)
Mean
Std. deviation
1.78
1.064
4.05
1.413
4.26
1.464
Gain 2 1.78 3.89 3.61
Table 4.3 Descriptive Statistics of Delayed Test
Note: 1=control group, 2=comprehension group, 3=production group
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延安大学外国语学1院4
Findings
➢ Results indicate that there is significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3 both in immediate posttest and delayed posttest.
Immediate
reconstruction Posttes
Delayed Posttest
Delayed Posttest
Delayed Posttest
Table 3.1 Design of Experiment
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延安大学外国语学院8
What?
(2) An important limitation of the study concerns the small sample. Detailed classroom-based studies may not be generalizable to a larger population of learners.
➢ Memory performance is determined far more by the nature of the processing activities engaged in by the learner.
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延安大学外国语学1院5
Suggestions
Firstly , due to output exerts a critical effect on the acquisition of unknown words, it is natural and well-reasoned that language vocabulary instruction is supposed to be output-oriented other than comprehension-oriented.
延安大学
An Empirical Study of the Effects of Output Hypothesis on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition
By Chen Jingjing
Supervised by Associate Professor Liu Baining
Involvement Load Hypothesis
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延安大学外国语学院6
How?
Subjects Instruments Procedures
Research Design
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延安大学外国语学院7
Procedures
Group
Control (n=51)
Comprehension task (n=48)
-2.7461 -2.4578
-1.4831 -1.2146
1.4831 -.3432
2.7461 .9000
1.2146 -.9000
2.4578 .3432
The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. Table 4.5 One-way ANOVA: Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons of Gain 2.
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延安大学外国语学1院6
Limitations
(1) The pretest of the experimental design may prompt the learners to notice the new words and sensitize them to vocabulary learning.
LSD 1 2 -2.0222 3 -1.9847
2 1 2.0222 3 .0375
3 1 1.9847 2 -.0375
.3469 .000 .3415 .000
.3469 .000 .3415 .913
.3415 .000 .3415 .913