Unit 4V ocabulary1．Translate the following expressions,Into English1. stay away from sth2. wind its way up to the mountain3. peek through the window4. address university students5. grab sb's arm6. set out for a place7. avoid eye contact8. pick up one's pace9. snatch a purse 10. do yoga11. keep one's head down12. row a boat13. escape punishment14. lose one's bearings15. unroll the sleeping bag16. whip round17. rip out the intestines18. camp outInto Chinese1.—件花格呢衬衣2.矿泉水3.角边眼镜4. 创建公园的管理人员5.享有特权的人的领地6.老年公民7..拦路强盗8. 娱乐中心9.一帮男孩10. 一条供人跑步的小路11.密不透风的树叶12.帝国大厦13.方向感14.在触手可及的地方：15.没有教养的人16.—次美的体验17.乱冲乱撞寻衅,18.从不间断记日记的人19.供游人遛马的小道2. Replace the parts in bold type with appropriate words and expressions from the text 1. rounded; came upon; assaulting2. avoid eye contact; is panicking3. frighten away4. spotted; got my bearings; emboldened5. enveloped; on my own6. shrieking; whipped round7. involuntarily called up the memory of; being sexually assaulted; pick up my pace/bolt8. consume staggering quantities of9. resumed; drifted from... to another3. Translate the following sentences into English.1.I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do not intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2. The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its windows.3. After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussionsbored me stiff.4. They already have all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international communityhas appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5. Many people think that the church is losing its appeal although it has accumulated moreand more wealth.6. The idea of business expansion appeals to me. Today the economy of many of our trade partners is beginning to pick up speed. Our domestic market is also projected to recovernext year.7. Reform always contains some elements of risk, but we risk a lot more without reform. Today most people find further reform appealing although there is bound to be opposition.8. He was furious (infuriated) when he read the letter. He tore it up and threw it into the wastepaper basket. Then he ripped a piece off his coat and using his own blood as ink, wrote his last letter.9. In hindsight (Looking back), we all feel that it was foolish to tear down (demolish) this beautiful city wall.10. You wait at home. I'll come and pick you up at around seven. Don't worry. The doctor has assured us that her health will pick up soon.4．Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.1. on, into, out2. within, as, toward3. in, to4. by, out of/from5. On, up, off6. on7. with8. on, at, at9. out, to10. across, for5. Point out and correct mistake(s) you find in the following sentences.1. "Platitude" cannot be very interesting because it has been repeated so many times by so many people and you will not assume that people have most likely never heard of it.2. A day that is cold will not be muggy. "Muggy" means unpleasantly warm and humid. 'To remain away from" is not the usual phrase. We say "to stay away from."3. "His nocturnal hammering" means his hammering throughout the night. It cannot happen in the day.4.... peeked through the impenetrable foliage: If it's impenetrable you cannot see clearly. In fact you can't see anything at all.5. If you were certain where you were you would not have lost your bearings.6. We usually say "grab" or "snatch" or "seize" instead of "grasp." Besides, women often carry purses rather than wallets which are usually for men. Then, people do not bolt calmly. They bolt when they run suddenly, especially when frightened.7. The woman was so frightening: The woman was "frightened," not "frightening." she started yelling uncontrollably: People usually yell when they are angry or excited Here "scream," "shriek" or "exclaim" will be more appropriate.8. a small boulder: "A boulder" is a very large stone or rock, therefore "a small boulder" is a contradiction in terms unless the boulder is small by comparison, though still too big be called a stone, and a boulder naturally is not something your sister can swing, swung it into the lake: The usual word is "throw" (or fling, toss, pitch, hurl). To swin£ something usually means a circular movement or a movement from side to side with one end fixed.9. condescending tune: It should be "condescending tone."10. a strong cold breeze: "A breeze" cannot be strong. It is light, gentle and soft.11. If something is at its most popular, it means that it can be enjoyed by ordinary people. (Unless you specify that it is popular with a certain type of people.)12. "Glare" means a harsh bright light. It is highly doubtful that you can see twinkling stars in the sky in a glare.shockingly beautiful: "Shockingly" usually has a negative connotation"13. We do not usually associate "lovely kids" with "on a rampage." And it is highly to have parents "zooming through the park with their kids on the rampage."14. whipped round slowly: "to whip round" is to turn round suddenly.15. drizzle heavily: "Drizzle" is to rain in very small drops, "to drizzle heavily" is example of contradiction in terms.all damp through and through: "Damp" means slightly wet.6. Study the following sentences. Ray attention to euphemisms—use of pleasant, mi or indirect words and phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones.1. visit the necessary: euphemism for "going to the toilet'2. passed away: euphemism for "died"3. What he said about his relationship with the secretary was not just misleading. It w bare-faced lie. "Misleading" therefore is a euphemism. So is "behave inappropriately.4. in his birthday clothes: euphemism for "naked'5. a little argument: It couldn't have been just a little argument if one ended up with “ a blackened eye," and the other "a few stitches.6. had not had any movements for four days: euphemism for "excretion'7. night soil: euphemism for "human waste," "feces," or "excrement"8. slow achievers: euphemism for "poor students"9. elderly citizens: euphemism for "old people" a little overweight: euphemism for "obesity"10. underprivileged people: euphemism for "poor people"developing countries: euphemism for "underdeveloped countries"Grammar1. Identify the subject in these sentences, and put in the blanks the right verb in brackets.1. (every Park official, city administrator, and police officer) tells, (they) agree2. (the police) were3. (convictions) were4. (Much) is5. (struggle) is6. (suggestion) was7. (opinions) prove8. (many a man) is9. (cluster) was10. (Methodists) were11. (combination) was2. Learn more about the function and use of except1 Study and summarize the use of except functioning as conjunction and preposition. The word "except" in these 10 sentences is either used as preposition or conjunction.1 As preposition, both "except" and "except for" are used to introduce the only person, thing, action, fact, or situation about which a statement is not true. There is no difference between "except" and "except for" except that at the beginning of a sentence, you must use "except for."2 As conjunction, "except" is not used by itself to introduce a clause, and it is used with that or a w/z-word (what/when/where/if, etc.).3 "Except" is often used with a prepositional phrase, e.g. except in/by/to, etc. •4 "Except" is also often used with an infinitive phrase with or without "to."1. except + prepositional phrase2. except +1ha/-clause3. except + noun phrase4. except + to-infinitive phrase5. except for + noun phrase6. except + fo-infinitive phrase7. except for + noun phrase8. except + when-clause shortened9. except + prepositional phrase10. except + that-clause2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets using except.1. except an explosion2. except to play a guitar3. except (to) relieve his pain4. except for about five minutes5. anything except in music6. except maybe to those who were dying7. except in our memory, except in our expectations of it8. except that yours are a little more radical9. except in sleep/dreams10. except how they got to know the criminal's exact whereabouts3 Translate these sentences using except.1. The climate of my hometown is pleasant except in January and August.2. Except when he is unwell, Wang Ning spends about 40 minutes a day jogging.3. About his special mission he told his family nothing except that he had to be away business for some time.4. His parents know that they don't have to do much for their son except to let him be himself.5. They asked for nothing except what was rightfully theirs.3. Study and analyze the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.1. This is a compound complex sentence. The two coordinate clauses are connected by conjunction "and." In the first coordinate clause Subject: anybody Predicate: knows Object: the city's essential platitude Subordinate clauses:1) "who knows anything about New York" modifying the subject "anybody"2) "that you don't wander around Central Park," a noun clause which is in apposition to the object "the city's essential platitude"Ill the second coordinate clause:Subject: the appealPredicate: in that was (the order of the link verb **was" and the predictive "in that" being inverted)Subordinate clause: it was the thing you don't do (here it is in apposition to the subject "the appeal")"Needless to say" is a parenthetical remark expressing the writer's opinion that what he says is obvious.2. This is also a compound complex sentence. The two coordinating clauses are connected by "but." They are:1) The park is now framed... by the city... (Here "enveloped even" is a parenthetical remark.)2) ... there was no escaping the recognition that this city... was very beautiful, ("com man-made, glaringly obtrusive, consuming wasteful and staggering quantities electricity and water and energy": This can be considered a shortened concession clawwith the conjunction "though" omitted.)4. Translate paragraphs 4-6 of the selection into Chinese.他站在下车的地方正犹豫不决的时候，听见那些年轻人向他走来，不仅是从他见到那些身影所在的那个方向，其他方向也有人朝他逼近。
