考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖
- 格式:doc
- 大小:57.50 KB
- 文档页数:9
考研英语完型填空定语从句的语法分析我们说定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主语的某个名词性成分,它的作用相当于一个形容词。
在考研英语完型填空中,例如When the work is well done, a climate of accidentfree operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.这句话就是由where 引导的一个定语从句来修饰主语climate。
接下来,我们一起来看一下定语从句都可以由哪些关系词来引导。
能够引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose 等一般用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词。
而关系副词有when, where, why 引导定语从句时,在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。
关系词的作用通常有三个:引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中充当某个成分。
我们来看历年真题的.一个例子:However, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. 在这句话中,该句的主干为 a comparison showed that… that 引导的宾语从句做show的宾语,with data与for week 介词短语都是comparison 的后置定语,其中,week 后又接有when引导的定语从句对它进行修饰,when 在从句中作状语。
句子的含义为:然而,与没有进行实验的几周的数据对比显示,周一工人的产出总是会增加。
接下来,我们看一下两种不同类型的定语从句,即限定性定于从句和非限定性定语从句。
定语从句又称形容词性从句,就是用一个句子来修饰名词或代词,起到定语的作用,换句话说用一个句子来做定语,所以叫作定语从句。
除了定语从句的先行词和引导词外,还有一些关于定语从句的知识是你也需要了解的。
一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句根据定语从句对中心词(即修饰词)限定的紧密程度分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限定性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
【例句】I found a book whose title page was printed with your signature.我捡到一本有你署名的书。
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
【例句】As is vividly shown from the picture, the information that the cartoon conveys is totally thought-provoking.如图所示,这幅漫画所传递的信息非常发人深省。
二、定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰语被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围或补充一些情况。
【例1】The news that I have passed the exam is true.(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
)【例2】The news that he told me just now is true.(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
)2.关系词在句中是否作成分。
【例1】The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当任何成分。
考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析1.Activ.learning.i.whic.student.writ.essay.o.perfor.experim ent.an.the.hav.thei.wor.evaluate.b.a.instructor.i.fa.mor.be neficia.fo.thos.wh.hav.no.ye.full.learne.ho.t.learn.【参考译文】积极的学习, 即学生们写文章或做实验, 然后让一位教师评估他们的作业, 对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。
【构造分析】该句可分为两大局部: Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句, 括号里的内容是介词+which模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Active learning, 谓语是is, 表语是beneficial, far more是状语, 其中far是程度副词, 相当于much, for those是状语, 其后who引导的定语从句中, 主语是who, 谓体是have not yet fully learned, 宾语构造是how to learn。
括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning, 由三局部构成, 即or…and连接的三个并列句, 第一个并列句的主语是students, 谓语是write, 宾语是essays, 第二个并列句的谓语是perform, 宾语是experiments, 第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated, 宾语是work, by an instructor是状语构造。
定语从句例句带翻译及讲解【优秀7篇】(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如总结报告、心得体会、策划方案、合同协议、条据文书、竞聘演讲、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as summary reports, insights, planning plans, contract agreements, documentary evidence, competitive speeches, insights, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!定语从句例句带翻译及讲解【优秀7篇】所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。
考研英语语法定语从句详解附译文定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。
其实定语从句很有规律,总结如下:在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语,因此,除了在非限定性定语从句中,用that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一,它们从句中只起状语的作用,表示时间的就用who,表示地点的就用where,而why只修饰一个词,即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
•关系代词:who,which,that作从句的主语whom,which,that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that,不能用which:i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none,any,every,no,much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which,不能用that;①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)②介词+关系代词的结构中•关系副词:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,只修饰reason。
如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分,定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。
要把其中一个句子变成定语从句,就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替; 代替时,先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。
指人并作主语的,就用who。
或that; 指人并作宾语的,就用whom或that; 指人并作定语的,就用whose。
指物并作主语的,就用which或that; 指物并作宾语的,还是用which或that; 指物并作定语的,就用whose或of which。
定语从句是英语语法中的一种复杂句型,它用来修饰名词或代词,提供更多的信息和描述。
以下是一些定语从句的典型例句:1. He is the man who is wearing a blue shirt.(他是一个穿蓝色衬衫的人。
)2. They are the students who are studying in the classroom.(他们是正在教室学习的学生。
)3. She is the girl who has long hair.(她是长发女孩。
)4. This is the car that I bought last week.(这是我上周买的车。
)5. Where is the man who spoke to you just now?(刚刚跟你说话的那个男人在哪里?)6. They are the reason why I am late.(他们是我迟到的理由。
)7. He is the person whom I think you mean.(他是我认为你指的是的人。
)8. This is the book that my mother gave me.(这是我妈妈给我的书。
)9. There are the days when I feel sad.(有些时候我感到悲伤。
)10. He is the man whose house was destroyed in the storm.(他是那个房子在暴风雨中被毁的人。
)11. She is the woman whose hair is golden and straight.(她是那个头发金黄直顺的女人。
)12. This is the restaurant where we had dinner last night.(这是我们昨晚吃饭的餐厅。
)13. They are the children who were born in the same year as me.(他们是我同一年出生的孩子。
考研英语语法之定语从句详解导语:不花一分钱,也能炼成多语种达人!欢迎阅读考研英语语法之定语从句详解!一、定语从句的构成:先行词(所修饰的名词) +关系代词/关系副词(从属连词) +从句二、定语从句的类型:根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,和 as/which 引导的非限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。
首先,关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语,且做主语时关系代词不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。
例 1: He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。
)分析: who 引导定语从句修饰主句的主语 he,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例 2: He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。
)分析: that 引导定语从句修饰名词 material,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例 3: The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。
)分析: which 引导定语从句修饰名词 house ,且在从句中做宾语,可以省略。
例 4: The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
)分析:whose 引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词 the girl,且在从句中做主语,不可以省略。
2. 关系副词引导的 .定语从句前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高,最后一种不太常见,容易被考生忽略。
定语从句例句100句一:[定语从句例句100句]包含定语从句的句子当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。
以下内容是我为您细心整理的包含定语从句的句子,欢迎参考!包含定语从句的句子一先行若是不定代,that就把which 踹;当先行词为anything,everything,nothing,all,any,much,many,one等不定代词时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。
例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗?先行词前有两数,就用that定无误;当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”,不用“which”。
例句: That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的其次次。
The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。
先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑;当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。
例句:This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美妙的时间。
句中若有there be, that应把which替;例:There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters. 说动物拥有神奇的第六感,可以预知自然灾难,这是没有依据的。
先行主中做表语,避开重复从句里;例句:1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.这已经不再是以前那座医院了。
考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析1. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.【参考译文】积极的学习,即学生们写文章或做实验,然后让一位老师评估他们的作业,对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。
【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句,括号里的内容是介词+which 模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Active learning,谓语是is,表语是beneficial,far more是状语,其中far是程度副词,相当于much,for those是状语,其后who引导的定语从句中,主语是who,谓体是have not yet fully learned,宾语结构是how to learn。
括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning,由三部分构成,即or…and连接的三个并列句,第一个并列句的主语是students,谓语是write,宾语是essays,第二个并列句的谓语是perform,宾语是experiments,第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated,宾语是work,by an instructor是状语结构。
【知识链接】active积极的;essay文章;perform an experiment做实验;evaluate评估instructor指导者,老师;be beneficial for...对……有益。
2. The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does. 【参考译文】美国版的“理想个人”更喜欢一种自由的氛围,在这种氛围中政府或者任何别的外部力量都不会强行规定个人该做什么。
【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:(The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an atmosphere of freedom,)(where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does.),第一部分是主句,第二部分是以where引导的非限定定语从句,修饰前面的atmosphere;主句的主语是The American version,谓语是prefers,宾语是an atmosphere,of the“ideal individual”作version的后定语,of freedom作atmosphere的后定语;第二部分的主语是由neither...nor…or...连接的并列名词短语,谓语是dictates,宾语是what引导的从句。
【知识链接】version版本;ideal理想的;prefer更喜欢,联想记忆:prefer...to...宁要……而不要……;atmosphere氛围;external外部的,联想记忆:internal内部的;agency机构;dictate命令,强制规定。
3. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entitles directed against each other, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entitles independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.【参考译文】冲突不同于竞争,前者指彼此对立的社会群体间的对抗,后者指独自争夺匮乏资源的社会群体间的对抗。
【结构分析】该句可分为三部分:Conflict, (defined as opposition among social entities directed against each other, )is distinguished from competition, (defined asopposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.),括号外的内容Conflict...is distinguished from competition是主句,Conflict是主语,is是谓语,distinguished from competition是表语;两个括号里的内容均是过去分词短语,分别作前面Conflict和competition的后置定语;第一个定1/9页语结构中前省略了which is,谓语是be defined as,宾语是opposition,介词短语among social entities作前面opposition的定语,directed against each other是过去分词+介词短语结构,作前面social entities的定语;第二个定语结构的前半部分与第一个完全相同,striving for something是现在分词短语,作social entities的定语,independently作strive for的状语,最后的which引导something的定语从句,in inadequate supply是is的表语结构。
这个句子翻译时要先译主句,然后再分别译两个后置定语结构。
【知识链接】conflict冲突;be defined as...被定义为……;opposition对立,对抗;entities 实体,群体;be directed against...与....对立;be distinguished from...与....不同;competition竞争;independently独立地,独自地;strive for...追求……;sth.is in supply供应……;inadequate不充足的,匮乏的,联想记忆:adequate充足的,充分的。
4. The resulting situation--in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week--could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work.【参考译文】最终的情形将是:大多数人在其岗位上的工作时间一周内不会超过短短的两三天,这将使得就业不再被视作唯一真正有效的工作方式。
【结构分析】该句可分为三大部分:The resulting situation-- ( in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week)—could hardly continue to be one (in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form of work.);括号外的内容是主句,即The resulting situation...could hardly continue to be one,其中的one指代前面的situation;两个括号里的内容均是定语从句;第一个定语从句属于介词in+关系代词which 的模式,其中which指代前面的situation,该从句的主语是employment,谓语是was regarded as,宾语是the...form of work;第二个括号里的定语从句与第一个定语从句的结构相同,修饰前面的one,该从句的主语是most people,谓语是would not be working,in their jobs作地点状语,for more than two or three short days a week作时间状语。
翻译时要将主句的否定词hardly后移至was和regarded as之间,才会顺畅自如。
【知识链接】resulting最终的;employment就业,联想记忆:unemployment失业;be regarded as...被认为是……;valid有效的,联想记忆:invalid无效的;form of work工作方式。
5. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal s acrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.【参考译文】随着战后生育高峰期出生的孩子长大成人,以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场,限制了青少年的发展机遇。