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阅读主旨练习题培养你的阅读主旨把握能力阅读主旨练习题——培养你的阅读主旨把握能力阅读主旨是指从一篇文章中抓取到最核心、最重要的信息。
在阅读理解中，准确把握主旨是提高阅读理解能力的基础。
本文将介绍一些常见的阅读主旨练习题，帮助读者培养阅读主旨把握能力。
一、简答题1. 请简要概括本文的主旨。
2. 本文主要介绍了什么内容？3. 阅读主旨是为了什么目的？为什么它在阅读中如此重要？二、选择题从下列选项中选择最符合文章主旨的答案。
1. 本文的主题是：A. 如何提高阅读速度B. 如何记忆文章细节C. 如何培养阅读主旨把握能力D. 如何拓展阅读领域2. 本文的目的是：A. 给读者提供阅读技巧B. 介绍阅读主旨的定义C. 培养读者的阅读主旨把握能力D. 分析阅读理解题型3. 阅读主旨的重要性在于：A. 提高阅读速度B. 准确把握文章核心信息C. 记忆文章细节D. 拓展阅读领域三、填空题根据对文章的理解，填写合适的答案。
1. 阅读主旨练习题的目的是培养读者的（阅读主旨把握能力/阅读速度/记忆能力/阅读广度）。
2. 阅读主旨是指从一篇文章中抓取到最核心、最重要的（信息/细节/例子/标题）。
3. 阅读主旨的掌握对于提高阅读理解能力和解答阅读理解题非常（重要/不重要/无关/有限）。
四、解答题请以你自己的语言回答下列问题。
1. 为什么阅读主旨在阅读中如此重要？它对提高阅读理解能力有哪些作用？2. 你在学习阅读主旨的过程中遇到了什么困难？你是如何克服的？3. 你有什么好的方法或技巧来帮助自己更好地把握文章的主旨？通过以上的练习题，相信读者可以进一步培养自己的阅读主旨把握能力。
阅读主旨的准确把握对于提高阅读理解能力至关重要。
请读者将这种练习方法应用到实际阅读中，不断提高自己的阅读主旨把握能力，从而更好地理解和解答各种阅读理解题型。
（以上内容仅为例示，实际阅读主旨练习题可以根据具体需要进行调整。
）。
专题04阅读理解之主旨大意学与练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习Part 1 整体感知主旨大意题有一个明显的特点：要求学生通读全文，从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
考查对象分为三大类：即篇标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落主旨大意题。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问，而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。
主旨大意题考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，所以在阅读理解中难度较大。
一、选项特征1.正确选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
2.干扰选项特征1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词虽然文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式如下：1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that _____.2.The passage is mainly about_____.3.The best title/headline for this passage is ______.4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ______.5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_____.6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______.7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?Part 2 方法指导1.明确一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1.概括性——准确而有简短；2.针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
命题点2 主旨大意本类考题解答锦囊一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。
主题句一般具有三个特点：1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。
一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。
通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。
2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。
阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。
阅读表达之主旨大意题I 命题特点：本题型考查的是考生从整体上把握文章主题和中心思想的能力。
通常要求考生能准确写出文章的主要意思、作者的主要目的或直接要求考生写出文章的标题。
此类题型常见的提问方式有以下几种：① What is the best title of the passage?② What is the passage mainly about?③ What does the writer mainly discuss in the passage?④ What does the passage mainly deal with?⑤ What is the purpose of the writer in writing the passage?II 答题技巧：解答此类题目的基本方法如下：首先，找到文章的主题句，抓住全文的中心思想。
这类问题要求考生归纳文章的要点，了解题目，速读全文，了解大意和主题，概括中心思想，考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。
其次，注意各种提问方式的不同回答模式。
一般要求标题中的实词要首字母大写，虚词的首字母不大写。
标题要简洁，涵盖文章的主线。
文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求；另外，其他提问方式的回答语言在简练的同时还应该保证符合具体要求，例如，如果问的是作者的写作目的，那么，我们的回答就应该是“T o do….”.这样的结构。
并且必须保证语法上是正确的。
III 典型例题2009年山东[1] Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? T o find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.[2] It can boost （促进）productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma S tate University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of gree tings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.[3] Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown.[4] It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。
学员编号: 年级: 课时数:学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语学科教师:学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星级★★教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it.I turned round again.'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely.'This is a private conversation!'Questions:1.Tell me the title of this short passage?2.Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle: A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注:本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/main idea之间的区别, 以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title:An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟）1I、选择最恰当的标题(to choose the best title)想象一下, 你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1.概括文章的主要内容（13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school.Classes began very early and ended when it was dark.Students didn’t rest on the weekends.They had classes seven days a week, so they didn’t have much time for anything else.In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven.After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works.Music was very important, and physical training was also important.Teachers used to hit students who didn’t pay attention or were lazy.Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.They had to study Greek and Latin.Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher’s house.Young students sat on the floor.Older students used to sit on benches, higher up.That’s how “high school”got its name. Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes.They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks.The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family.There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragraph:The first paragraph:The second paragraph:The third paragraph:批注: 答案: AThe first paragraph:What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍, 但是所占篇幅比较少。
第二讲主旨大意题【技法指导】主旨大意题要求考生认真阅读分析原文，根据其内容正确判断文章主旨大意。
1.寻找主题确定文章大意因为主题是文章主旨大意的充分体现，所以寻找主题可以快速准确地确定文章大意。
选择文章的标题时应注意以下几点：(1)要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否有密切的关系；(2)再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何，看题目是过大还是过小；(3)要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够( 多表现为部分代整体，从而导致不能全面概括文章大意度概括 ( 多表现为标题概括内容超出了文章大意) ；③以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。
) ；②过【设题类型】1．概括文章 /段落大意；2．选出最佳题目(标题 ) ；3．概括人物特点。
【设问形式】1．标题类常见的题干：(1)The best title / headline for this passage might be________.(2)The text (passage) could be entitled ________.(3)What is the best title for the passage?(4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2．大意类常见的题干：(1)This passage chiefly deals with ________.(2)What ’ s the topic of the article?(3)What is the subject discussed in the text?【典例精析】原文：(2012 ·新课标卷阅读理解 B 篇第一段 )Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.试题： What can be the best title for the text ？(63 题)A. Wild BeesB. Wax and HoneyC. Beekeeping in AfricaD. Honey- Lover's Helper解析：选 D 。
文学阅读理解专题复习之主旨大意题型解题技巧主旨大意题是文学阅读理解中常见的题型。
解答这种题型需要我们对文章进行全面理解，并准确捕捉到文章的中心思想。
以下是几种解题技巧供参考：1. 理解文章主题：在解答主旨大意题之前，首先要全面理解文章的主题。
通过阅读文章的标题、导语和段落开头，可以对文章的主题有一个初步了解。
理解文章主题：在解答主旨大意题之前，首先要全面理解文章的主题。
通过阅读文章的标题、导语和段落开头，可以对文章的主题有一个初步了解。
2. 整体把握中心思想：阅读全文，仔细观察作者的写作意图，注意经常出现的关键词和重要的描述。
通过这些关键信息，我们可以捕捉到文章的中心思想。
整体把握中心思想：阅读全文，仔细观察作者的写作意图，注意经常出现的关键词和重要的描述。
通过这些关键信息，我们可以捕捉到文章的中心思想。
3. 注意段落结构：段落结构能够帮助我们理解文章的逻辑结构和内容组织方式。
特别要注意段落开头和结尾的句子，它们通常包含着段落的主旨。
注意段落结构：段落结构能够帮助我们理解文章的逻辑结构和内容组织方式。
特别要注意段落开头和结尾的句子，它们通常包含着段落的主旨。
4. 关注语气变化：作者在表达自己观点或态度时可能会使用不同的语气。
我们要关注这些语气变化，因为它们通常与文章的主旨和中心思想有关。
关注语气变化：作者在表达自己观点或态度时可能会使用不同的语气。
我们要关注这些语气变化，因为它们通常与文章的主旨和中心思想有关。
5. 排除干扰信息：在解答主旨大意题时，可能会出现一些与文章无关或只是文章的细节的选项。
要学会排除这些干扰信息，抓住文章的中心。
排除干扰信息：在解答主旨大意题时，可能会出现一些与文章无关或只是文章的细节的选项。
要学会排除这些干扰信息，抓住文章的中心。
最后，做题时要多练，熟悉各种类型的文章和题目。
通过持续的研究和总结，我们能够提高解答主旨大意题的准确性和效率。
> 注意：以上解题技巧仅供参考，实际解题时需要根据具体文章和选项情况进行判断和分析。
阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练一.做主旨大意题容易犯的错误：1.以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2.断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
5. 无中生有，似是而非。
有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二.主旨大意题的出题类型.1). 主题型(topic、subject、main idea、general idea)主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage is…The passage is mainly about…Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about?2). 目的(purpose)类主旨大意题The passage is meant to ….The purpose of this article is to …3). 标题(topic 或 title)类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might be…四。
方法指导在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。
一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。
但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。
五．练习巩固Passage 1：Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey. Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)....Q : The author aims to tell us that __________.A. women’s minds perform better than men’sB. men’s minds decline more with ageC. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get olderD. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently.Passage 2：Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said.The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan.......William Bobinson, of Hardvard University's Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?A. A Theft Took Place in BostonB. B. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major WorksD. Investigation into the TheftPassage 3:Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that“ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity’ (自动性).Q: The first paragraph tells us _______.A. what automaticity isB. how accuracy is acquired (获得)C. how a child learns to walkD. how an athlete is trained.六．突破难点:如何做没有主题句的主旨大意题?做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。
如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
习题精选1. It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.The crux of Mr. Brown's proposals are related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases ...Q: The author of this passage intends to tell us______.A. the NHS should be reformed right away.B. more and more people are dying from diseases.C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK.D. the criticism of Mr. Brown's proposals.2. In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.Q: The text is mainly about________.A. LexicoB. Three menC . A word gameD. Alfred Butts.3. As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow. ……John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself’, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.Q: What would be the best title for the text?A. The Joy of DIYB. You can Do it Too!C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY4． You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.Q: What does the passage mainly tell us?A. How people stay healthyB. How sleep is necessaryC. Why dreams are importantD. When people remember their dreams5. In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.Q: What does the story mainly tell ?A.What holidays are likeB. What Halloween is like in MexicoC. What happens during Todos SantosD. What we do on Halloween七．定时训练Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.（2009年全国卷阅读理解D篇）56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Codeine: A New MedicineB. Chocolate May Cure CoughsC. Cough Treatment: A Hard CaseD. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs(09浙江D)Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open people’s mind to another culture or race. …People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. … We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybody’s story.Question: What’s the main idea of the text?A.Storytelling can influence the way people think.B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.。
