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常用翻译术语简述（一）1、内容（content）与形式相对，指原文的思想或其内在意义。
2、形式（form）与内容相对,是传统译论的核心概念之一。
指语言意义的物质表现,包括词(字)形、句型、篇章结构、修辞格、字体排列以及各种音素形式。
3、欠额翻译（under-translation）与过载翻译相对在译语中, 原语信息被译者忽视或打了不应有的折扣，即信息度过小，以致读者得不到理解原文意思的必要信息。
(Newmark)4、过载翻译（over-translation）与欠额翻译相对。
译语的意义容量超过原语的意义容量,即译语的信息度过大，一般为增译不当所致，亦有添油加醋、借题发挥而致。
(Newmark）5、不可译性（untranslatability）与可译性相对,由于原作语言形式上的特异性和不同语言民族之间文化空缺或不可替代性，使译文不可能准确完整地再现原文。
6、可译性（translatability）与不可译性相对,可译论者认为,人类思想具有同一性,认识和思维方式具有普遍性，所以原本(包括它的文体和风格)是可用另一种语言翻译出来的。
7、可译性限度（limit of translatability）因语言形式和文化不同使可译性受到局限。
8、归化（domestication）与异化”相对，指恪守本族文化的语言传统，回归地道的本族语表达方式。
9、异化（alienation）与“归化”相对。
指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的语言特点,吸纳外语表达方式。
10、回译（back translation）指把被译写成另一种文字的内容再转译成原文的表达。
12、形合（hypotaxis）与“意合”相对,指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用句法手段(syntacticdevices)或词汇手段(lexical equivalence)。
13、意合（parataxis）与“形合"相对,指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段(semantic connection)。
汉译英主题词汇第一部分中国文化概述重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝 national treasure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors文人 scholar; the intellectual雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术 refined/high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用 to make the past serve the present洋为中用 to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times文明摇篮 cradle of civilization古文明 ancient civilization博大精深 to be extensive and profound享有的美誉 to er\joy a good/high reputation for被誉为 to be honored/crowned as占据重要地位 to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place 肩负的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of...与…密不可分 to be closely associated with推广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平 to promote world peace增进友谊 to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities文化产业 culture industry文化底蕴 cultural deposit文化事业 cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异 cultural difference民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大 to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture促进交流 to promote exchanges蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo中华民族 the Chinese nation传统美德 traditional virtues尊敬老人 to respect the elderly赡养父母 to support/take care of parents继承 to inherit后人 later generation强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body 益寿延年 to prolong life 保佑平安 to keep sb. safe象征意义 symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste第二部分传统文化传统工艺品 traditional handicraft形状不一 different shapes材质各异 various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style中医 traditional Chinese medicine中草药 herbal medicine望、闻、问、切 observing，listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状 symptom 针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage重大发明 a significant invention中国古代四大发明the Four Great Inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术printing .造纸术 paper-making指南针compass文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚 ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, inkstone汉字 Chinese character笔划stroke四书五经 the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词 poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人poet四大名著 the Four Great Classical Novels八股文 the eight-part essay普通话四声调 the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴棋书画 lute-playing, chess, calligraphy andpainting书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting民俗 folk custom文化遗产 cultural heritage非物质文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字lucky number偶数/双数even number奇数/单数odd number吉祥物mascot龙 dragon凤 phoenix龟 tortoise吉祥图案lucky pattern姓氏文化 surname culture婚嫁习俗 marriage custom传统婚礼 traditional wedding葬礼习俗 funeral custom迷信/迷信的 superstition/superstitious 武术 martial arts中国功夫 Chinese Kung Fu太极Tai Chi中国象棋Chinese chess中国围棋Go麻将 mal\jong宗教 religion伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque寺庙temple和尚/僧人monk民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间 human world思想学派 school of thought思想观念ideology哲学家 philosopher思想家thinker创始人founder代表人物 representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教Taoism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《道德经》Tao Te Ching《易经》The Book of Changes《孙子兵法》The Art of War第三部分传统节曰春节 the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节 the Double Ninth Day七夕节 the Double Seventh Day/Qixi Festival除夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve公历/ 阳历 solar calendar农历/阴历 lunar calendar庆祝（节日）celebrate; observe起源origin 春联 spring couplets起源于 to originate in/from爆竹 firecrackers; fireworks习俗 tradition; convention; custom年画 New Year pictures年夜饭 annual reunion dinner庙会 temple fair拜年 to pay a New Year call民间艺人folk artist探亲访友 to (pay a) visit (to) relatives and祭神 god-worshiping friends舞龙 dragon dance亲朋好友 relatives and friends灯笼/花灯(festival) lantern大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house灯谜 lantern riddle驱厄运 to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual ；bad luck中国结 Chinese knot去除灾难 to ward off evils赛龙舟 dragon boat race压岁钱luck money赏月 to enjoy the full moon发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes 登高 hill climbing放风筝to fly a kite欢度to celebrate...; the celebration of...荡秋千 to play/ride on a swing第四部分民间艺术中国传统戏曲 Chinese traditional operas手艺 craftsmanship京剧 Peking Opera工匠/手工艺人craftsman京剧脸谱 the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/剪纸 Chinese paper cuttingPeking Opera Mask刺绣 embroidery正面角色positive role丝绸silk说、学、逗、唱 speaking, imitating, teasing and singing 纺织品textile瓷器 porcelain; chinaware传统乐器 traditional instrument陶器 pottery; earthenware木偶戏 puppet show青铜器 bronze ware皮影戏 shadow play中国结 Chinese knot杂技 acrobatics泥塑 day figure modeling相声 crosstalk中国玉器Chinese jade说书 story-telling雕刻 carving民间工艺folk craft第五部分中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐 Chinese cuisine; Chinese food絵/焖/炖to stew八大菜系 Eight Cuisines蒸 to steam粤菜 Canton cuisine煮 to boil国宴 state banquet烘焙to bake色香味 outlook, flavor and taste烤 to roast香脆可口 crispy and tasty切条 to cut to strips营养丰富nutritious切丁 to dice烹饪技巧 cooking technique切碎 to mince煎 to fry磨碎to grind炒 to stir-fry饮食习惯dietary habit炸 to deep-fry特色食品 special food; specialty元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed bun包子 steamed stuffed bun拉面 hand-stretched noodles豆腐 tofu; bean curd麻花 fried dough twist皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原材 ingredient调料 seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸 pork/beef ball 鸭肉duck蘑燕 mushroom北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant白酒 Chinese liquor第六部分中国历史四大文明古国之一 one of the four ancient civilizations中华文明 Chinese civilization文明的摇篮 cradle of civilization文明古国 ancient civilization人类文明史 the history of human civilization远古时代ancient times原始社会 primitive society封建社会 feudal society源远流长/历史悠久 to have a long history; with a long history 随着时间的推移as time goes by朝代 dynasty春秋战国时期 the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period 古都ancient capital皇帝 /君主 emperor; monarch勤政爱民 to be diligent and love one’s people退位 to give up the throne丞相 /宰相 prime minister学者 scholar政治家statesman军事家 military strategist鸦片战争the Opium War南昌起义 Nanchang Uprising集体经济 collective economy计划经济 planned economy自由经济 liberal economy商品经济 commodity economy经济体制改革 reform of the economic system辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution五四运动 the May Fourth Movement抗日战争 the Anti Japanese War西安事变 Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀 Nai\jing Massacre长征 the Long March历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/ the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion在世纪初 at the beginning of... century迄今为止up till now追溯到 to date back to; to be traced back to...来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地 birthplace兴起于，兴盛于to emerge in... and prosper in...社会地位social status建立（朝代）to build; to found; to establish繁荣 to prosper/flourish灭亡 to collapse; to come to an end以命名 to be named after...历史人物 historic figure闰年 leap year经济特区 special economic zone人均国民收人 national income per capita第一产业/农业 primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业 secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业 tertiary industry; service?农业 farming林业 forestry畜牧业 animal husbandry副业 sideline production渔业 fishing经济增长率 economic growth rate财政政策fiscal policy经济结构调整 adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构 to optimize the economic structure改善经济环境 to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive forces 国有资产 state-owned property开放国内市场to open domestic缩小贫富差距to narrow the rich and poor消除贫困 to eliminate poverty共同富裕 common prosperity经济形势 economic situation经济波动 economic fluctuation经济衰退 economic depression; recession经济稳定 economic stability经济政策 economic policy经济复原 economic recovery经济奇迹 economic miracle经济起飞 economic take-off全球经济 global economy经济学家economist企业家 entrepreneur经济全球化 economic globalization市场经济 market economy市场调节 market regulation市场多元化 market diversification推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation 商界 business communities互惠互利 mutual benefit总需求 aggregate/total demand总供给 aggregate supply扩大内需 to expand domestic demand团购 group buying财政预算 financial budget耐用消费品durable consumer年末促销 year-end promotion垄断 monopoly垄断行业 monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力/生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown国有企业 state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业 private business合资企业joint venture民营企业 privately-run business中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业 small and micro-sized firm民间资本 private capital民间投资 private investment泡沫经济 bubble economy经济过热 overheating of economy实体经济 the real economy外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserve国内/国际贸易 domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争 unfair competition海关 customs关税 customs duty水货/走私货smuggled goods产品质量 product quality高度评价 to speak highly of物美价廉 competitive price and superior quality 销量/销售额sales存货/库存量stocks金融组织 financial institution商业信誉 commercial reputation管理机制 management mechanism改善服务 to improve services延长保修期 to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂manufacturer原材料 raw material样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量 annual output劳动力密集型产业labour-intensive industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry工作歧视 discrimination in workplace高消耗 high consumption高投人 high investment沿袭模式 to continue with the model of...住房抵押贷款 residential mort age loan分期付款 to pay by installments信贷紧缩 credit squeeze?利率 interest rate找工作 to hunt for a job; job-hunting招聘广告the want ads职位 position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信 application letter个人简历r6sum6; CV填写申请表 to fill in/out application form接受职位 to accept/take the post接任职位 to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景 job/career prospects就业机会 job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴 allowance带薪假 paid vacation伤残保险 disability insurance失业保险 unemployment insurance培训咨询 training consultancy专业技能 professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动 labour/physical work手工劳动 manual labour/work工作时间working time加班 work overtime; overtime夜班 night shift零工odd job证券 securities资产assets利润profit供需平衡 balance between supply and demand供求关系 supply and demand relation供过于求 supply exceeds demand通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation基本建设/基础设施infrastructure生活标准/生活水平living standard购买力 purchasing power; buying power短缺 shortage不发达的 underdeveloped发展中的developing持续、快速和健康的经济发展sustained, rapid and sound economic development 四大国有银行 the four major state-owned banks支票 cheque/check转账/过户to transfer存钱 to deposit money取钱 to withdraw money货币 money; currency发行issue现金cash零钱change钞票/纸币 banknote; note; bill汇率/兑换率exchange rate利息 interest保险 insurance抵押 mortgage税制 taxation system征税/纳税taxation个人所得税 individual income tax免税的tax-free纳税人taxpayer股票市场 stock exchange股份/股票share; stock股息/红利dividend房地产 real estate经济适用房 economically affordable house 廉租房 low-rent house第八部分旅游地理地理 geography华东 East China华南 South China西部地区western region中西部地区 central and western regions; midwest 地形/地势terrain海拔/高度elevation大陆 continent平原plain半岛 peninsula山谷/峡谷 valley; canyon海峡 channel; strait黄河 the Yellow River长江 the Yangtze River五岳 the Five Mountains泰山 Mount Tai西湖 West lake丝绸之路the Silk Road文化古迹 cultural relics建筑 architecture长城 the Great Wall故宫 the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City天坛 the Temple of Heaven国家博物馆national museum钟楼 bell tower鼓楼 drum tower胡同Hutong大运河 Grand Canal苏州园林 Suzhou gardens景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹 places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观 natural scenery壮丽河山 magnificent scenery淡水湖 freshwater lake古典山水园林 classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客 tourists from home and abroad游乐园 amusement park气候 climate环境保护 environmental protection环境问题 environmental problem/issue环境污染 environmental pollution污染物pollutant全球变暖 global warming温室效应 greenhouse effect废水 waste water; polluted water废气 polluted gas; exhaust gas白色污染 white pollution雾霾天气smog weather植物园 botanical garden度假 to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket星级酒店 star-rated hotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址 original site高峰期rush hour人山人海/人满为患 overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭 to climb mountains and hills受到的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcomed by…位于 to be located in/at 省会 provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山 to be surrounded by mountains on three sides全长公里 to stretch for... km/kilometers面貌焕然一新 to take on a completely new look丰富知识 to enrich one’s knowledge开阔视野 to broaden one’s horizons扩大知识面 to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性 to cultivate independence运输工具 means of transportation公共交通 public transport地铁站 subway station候车室 waiting room护照 passport签证有效期validity of visa散客 individual visitor团体游客group visitor环境灾害沙尘天气 sand and dust weather提高全民环保意识 to raise environmental awareness amongst the general public节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction预防为主、防治结合policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control环保产品 environment-friendly product一次性产品 disposable product开发可再生资源 to develop renewable resources?高會巨耗产业 energy-intensive industry生态环境 the ecological environment水土流失 water loss and soil erosion水土保持 water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理 to exert control after pollution碳减排 carbon emission reduction温室气体 greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳 carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car汽车尾气 motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量 engine displacement零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车 small-displacement car资源枯竭 depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis原油 crude oil油价飙升 oil prices surge可替代能源 alternative energy清洁能源clean energy新型能源 new type energy回收利用to recycle垃圾分类 garbage classification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable处理 to dispose低碳城市化道路 way of low-carbon urbanization城市化 urbanization濒临灭绝/失传 to be on the verge of extinction/ loss 珍稀淑危物种 rare and endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate改善土壤 soil improvement地质灾害 geological disaster灾难 catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸 misfortune伤亡人员casualty死亡人数death toll台风 typhoon火山爆发 volcanic eruption地震 earthquake洪水flood干旱 drought第十部分教育普及教育 universal education素质教育 quality education; quality-oriented education 应试教育 examination-oriented education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education学前教育 preschool education初等教育 elementary education小学 elementary school; primary school初中 junior high school高中 senior high school希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager失学儿童dropout课业负担 academic burden学生减负 alleviate the burden on students入学率 enrollment rate适龄儿童人学率 enrollment rate for children of school age高考 university/college entrance examination高等教育 higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 college of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering师范学院 normal college军校 military academy大学城 college town象牙塔 ivory tower校园文化 campus culture高校扩招 the college expansion助学贷款 student loan; educational loan受过良好教育的well-educated大学生 undergraduate研究生 graduate student; postgraduate (student)应届毕业生 graduating student; current year’s graduate考研 to take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools读研 to attend graduate school?毕业典礼 graduation ceremony 毕业论文 a graduation paper 毕业实习 graduation field work; to go out on internships授予学位 to confer an academic degree on sb.博士学位 doctor’s degree硕士学位 masters degree学士学位 bachelor’s degree在职博士生 on-job doctorate就业难 tough employment缓解就业压力 to alleviate employment pressure中专生 students of secondary vocational school扩大招生人数 to enlarge school enrollment/ recruits升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade高分低能 high scores and low abilities填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching培训班 training class去读生 extern; non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动 extracurricular activity必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic course专业课 specialized course专业知识 specialized knowledge开设课程 to offer a course课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学分制 credit system补考 make-up examination学年 school year师资力量 teaching faculty推进素质教育 to push ahead with education for all-around development基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导 enrollment and vocation guidance竞争激烈 fierce competition评价体系 evaluation system选拔官员/人才 to select officials/talents出国留学 to study abroad海外留学生 overseas student; international student文盲 illiteracy; illiterate继续教育 continuing/further education终身学习 life-long learning自学考试 self-study examination夜间大学 evening university电视大学 open university成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses远程学习 distance learning充电 to update one’s knowledge教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education教育公平 fairness/equality in education教育资源 education resource教师资源 teacher resource分配不均衡 unevenly distributed/allocated教学设施 teaching facility缩小城乡教育差距to bridge/narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas 辍学率 dropout rate第十一部分科技科技发展 scientific and technological advancement/development新兴学科 emerging discipline生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星 satellite探测器detector信息时代 information age信息爆炸 information explosion高科技产品 high-tech product电子设备 electronic device智能手机 smartphone; intelligent handset创新 innovation研发 research and development核心技术 core technology电讯 telecommunication硬件 hardware?软件 software网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime信息革命 information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟银行virtual bank电子商务 e-business; e-commerce网络出版e-publishing个人信息泄露 leakage of personal information 搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息 instant message视频电话video phone文件传输 document transmission在线社区 online community社交模式 social networking网上冲浪 to surf on the Internet网民 netizen活跃用户active user对上瘾 to be/get addicted to…计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物 online shopping消费理念 consumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版 electronic version娱乐资讯 entertainment information三维电影 three-dimensional movie在线娱乐 online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯 brief news获取信息 to obtain information收视率 audience rating垃圾信息spam message骚扰电话 harassing call第十三部分政策法规基本国策 a basic national/state policy制定政策 to make a policy(政策）生效/开始实施 to come into force/effect晚婚晚育 late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育 to promote good prenatal and postnatal care稳定低生育水平 to stabilize the low birth rate推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy of sustainable development 简化审批程序 to simplify approval procedures行政管理 administrative management违反规定 to violate a rule/regulation少数民族 ethnic minority过快增长 excessive growth急剧下降 to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少 densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布 population base/density/distribution人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质 quality of the population人口老龄化 aging of population人口流动 population mobility老龄化社会aging society城镇化 urbanization高楼大厦 high-rise/tall/high building小康社会 well-off society贫困家庭poor family和睦相处 to live in peace/harmony中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics物质文明 material civilization精神文明 spiritual civilization为人民服务 to serve the people坚持的方针 to adhere to the principle of...社会保障 social security养老保险 retirement insurance医疗保险 medical insurance弱势群体 disadvantaged group单亲 single parent关心老龄人 to care for senior citizens大龄青年 older adults; single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family社会背景 social background福利 welfare福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务 household management service?医疗服务 medical service满足基本需求 to satisfy basic needs社会效益 social benefit健康管理 health management应运而生 to appear accordingly； to emerge as required/needed 普通市民 ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业 home services industry建筑工地 construction site农产品 agricultural product爱情告白 to express one’s love几世同堂的家庭 a family consisting of several generations性骚扰 sexual harassment贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor挂失 to report the loss补办 to re-apply/re-register/post-register户籍 household registration居住证 residence permit基础设施建设 infrastructure construction劳动力短缺labor shortage空巢老人empty nester农民工 migrant worker农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers机动车辆猛增motor vehicles surge交通堵塞 traffic jam/congestion过度拥挤overcrowded单双号限行 even-odd license plate plan闯红灯 running red light扣分处罚point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination盗版 pirated; illegal copies法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up可持续发展 sustainable development和谐并存 harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency居委会 neighborhood committee一国两制 One Country, Two Systems一个中国原则 the one-China principle两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit求同存异 to seek common ground while shelving differences 精神文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 与时倶进 to keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略)going global全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign人口普查census社会保险 social insurance。
一、冠词 article定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral[B]句子成分[/B]members of sentences[/B]主语subject 谓语 predicate宾语object 双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct objec 间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object[B]补语[/B][B]complement[/B]主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech单词word 实词 notional word 虚词 structrural word名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret moun物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition连词 conjunction[B] 动词[/B][B]verb[/B]主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degr e e时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代 personal pronoun物主代词 possesive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun物主代词 possecive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun 分数词 fractional numeral形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition[B]句子[/B][B]sentence[/B]简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence 复合 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentwence否定句 negative sentenc 祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentenc 感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern表语predicative 定语 attribute同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial[B]句法关系[/B][B]syntatic relationship[/B]并列 coordinate 从属 subordination修饰modification 前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction 非限制non-restriction 数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case[B]性[/B][B]gender[/B]阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine通性 common 中性neuter人称]person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense[B]语态[/B]voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 m o o d陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation[B]语序[/B][B]order[/B]自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agr e e m e n t语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis 重复 repetition语音 pronunciation 语调 to ne升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English 套语 ormulistic expression英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic52。
术语翻译~I-—1—卜—贝献者Absolute Tran slati on 绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Tran slati on 摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive tra nslati on 滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability 可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy 准确Adaptati on 改编Adequacy 充分性Adjustme nt 调整An alogical Form 类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）An alysis 分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Tran slati on Studies 应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architra nseme (ATR) 元译素范•路文兹瓦特( van Leuve n-Zwart ) Autonomy Spectrum 自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotra nslatio n 自译波波维奇（Popovic ）Back Tran slati on 回译Bilateral in terpret ing 双边传译凯斯（Keith ）Class Shift 词类转换韩礼德（Halliday ）Close Tran slati on 贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Commu ni cative Tran slati on传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Commu nity in terpret ing 社群传译Compe nsati on 补偿赫维(Hervey )Compete nee 能力托利（Toury ）Comp onen tial An alysis 语义成分分析奈达（Nida ）Comprehe nsive theory 综合理论(Darbelnet ) Expressive text 表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extra neous form 外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfu In ess 忠实Foreig nizing tran slati on 异化翻译韦努狄（Ven uti）Formal corresp onding 形式对应卡特福德（Catford ）Formal equivale nee 形式对等奈达（Nida）Free tra nslati on 自由译Full tra nslati on 全文翻译Gen eral theories of tran slati on普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist tra nslati on 要旨翻译赫维（Hervey ）和希金斯（Higgins ）Gloss tran slati on 释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical tran spositi on 语法置换赫维（Hervey ）和希金斯（Higgins ）Herme neutic moti on 诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner ）Hierarchy of Corresp onden ces 对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horiz on tal tran slati on 横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyper in formatio n 超额信息赖斯（Reiss ）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic tra nslati on 地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔Imitatio n 拟译（Lefevere ）In determ inacy 不确定性In formatio n offer 信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）In formative texts 信息文本赖斯（Reiss）In itial no rms 初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation 工具翻译诺德（Nord）(Darbelnet ) Operati onal model 操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate ）Operati onal norms 操作规范托利（Toury）Opti onal equivale nts 可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapp ing tra nslati on 重合翻译赫维（Hervey ）和希金斯（Higgins ）Overt tra nslati on 显型翻译豪斯（House）维纳（Vinay ）和达尔贝勒纳Overtra nslatio n 超额翻译（Darbelnet ）Paradigmatic equivale nee 范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase 释译德莱顿（Dryden ）Partial theories of局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）tran slati onParticipative receiver 参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation 具体化翻译赫维（Hervey ）和希金斯（Higgins ）Performa nee 运用托利（Toury ）Pho nemic tra nslati on 音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere ）Phono logical tran slati on 音位翻译卡特福德（Catford ）Pivot lan guage 中枢语言Polysystem theory 多元文化理论埃文•佐哈尔（Even-Zohar ）Pragmatic Approach 语用途径Pragmatic tran slati on 语用翻译Prelim inary no rms 预先规范托利（Toury ）Prescriptive tran slati on规定翻译研究托利（Toury ）studies迪勒（Diller ）和康纳留斯Primary tra nslati on 首级翻译（Kornelius ）Problem-restricted theories of 关于问题的翻译理霍尔姆斯（Holmes）tran slati on 论Process-oriented translation过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）theoriesProduct-oriented translation成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）studiesProfessi onal norms 翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective tran slati on 前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext 原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotra nslati on 伪翻译Pure lan guage 纯语言沃尔特•本雅明（Walter Benjamin ）Radical tra nslati on 原始翻译奎因（Quine ）Ran k-bou nd tra nslati on 级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford ）弗拉科夫（Vlakhov ）和弗罗林Realia 独有特征（Flor in ）Receptor lan guage 接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Tran slati on with rec on structi on重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy 冗余奈达（Nida ）Refractio n 折射利弗威尔（Lefevere ）Regulative tran slati onal规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conven ti onsRelay in terpret ing 转接传译Repertoreme 知识库要素托利（Toury ）Resista ncy 阻抗韦努狄（Ven uti ）Restricted tran slati on 受限翻译卡特福德（Catford ）Restructuri ng 重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective tran slati on 后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate ）。
CATTI笔译常用词汇（国情<汉译英>）户口registered permanent residence民生people’s wellbeing团购group buying乡长township head城管urban management officers恶搞video spoof房奴mortgage slave黑车unlicensed cab毕婚族marry-upon-graduation安家费settling-in allowance代排族hired queuers短租房short-term housing/accommodation二手房pre-owned house; second-hand house封口费hush money个体户the self-employed公务车state-financed vehicle公务员civil/public servant假文凭fake diplomas开瓶费corkage fee两限房house of two limits; house with limited price and habitable area廉租房low-rent housing农民工migrant worker农业税agricultural tax泡网吧hit the Internet bar双休日two-day weekend双职工working couple群租客tenant groups入住率occupancy rate潜规则casting couch闪跳族habitual job hopper筒子楼tube-shaped apartment building学区房school-nearby house暂住证temporary residence permit安居工程Comfortable/Affordable Housing Project城市补丁run-down neighborhoods低保制度subsistence security system恶性循环vicious circle法治政府law-based government（非法）传销pyramid schemes; multi-level marketing非法收入illegal earnings; illicit income福利彩票welfare lottery改革攻坚further reform in difficult areas; tackle hard issues in the reform改革试点pilot reform program公共参与public/communal participation和谐社会harmonious society黑恶势力Mafia-like gangs基层社区grassroots community减员增效downsize the staff to improve efficiency空巢家庭empty-nest/childless family就业指导employment guidance面子工程vanity/image project民族团结ethnic unity南水北调South-to-North water diversion贫富差距disparity in wealth distribution贫困人口impoverished people权力下放shift of power to the grassroots; delegate power to the lower levels社会结构social structure市政工程municipal/public works数字鸿沟digital divide天灾人祸natural calamities and man-made misfortunes同城待遇identical treatment无偿献血unpaid blood donation五好家庭Five-Virtues Family下岗职工unemployed workers and staff; laid-off employees乡镇企业township enterprises学生减负reduce students’ study load严打斗争strike-hard operation/campaign to crack down crimes 总体规划overall plan引进人才bring in needed personnel优抚安置provide special assistance to entitled groups创新型国家innovation-oriented nation低收入家庭low-income household/family服务型政府service-oriented government高层次人才high-caliber personnel高技能人才highly skilled personnel公用互联网public Internet固定电话网fixed-line telephone network简易过渡房makeshift shelter经济适用房affordable housing开放型经济an open economy科学发展观scientific outlook on development人口功能区functional population zone三八红旗手March 8 Red Flag Bearer下基层锻炼temper oneself in a grassroots unit移动通信网mobile communication network自觉排队日Queuing-up Day地方保护主义regional protectionism城市低收入者low-income city dwellers爱国统一战线patriotic united front坚持基本纲领uphold the basic program抗灾救灾工作efforts to combat disasters and provide relief 平房改造工程renovation project of shanty dwellings人事制度改革reform of personnel system社会保障工作social security work社会保障体制social security system社会利益格局interest of different social groups社会信用体系social credit system社会转型时期period of social transition社会组织形式the way society if organized特色优势产业industries with local advantages贴小广告的人bill sticker增强道德观念enhance one’s moral awareness重复建设项目overlapping/ redundant project住房制度改革reform of housing system自主创新能力capacity for independent innovation最低生活保障subsistence allowance农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace西部大开发战略western development strategy保障和改善民生ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives粗放性增长方式extensive mode of growth; inefficient model of growth 城乡社会救助体系urban and rural emergency aid system留守女士/留守男士 grass widow/widower农村合作医疗制度system of rural cooperative medical care城乡公共就业与服务urban and rural systems for providing public employment services加强和改善宏观调控improve macro control社会主义核心价值观core socialist values《国家发展规划纲要》Outline of the National Development Program（农村）劳动力转移就业(rural workers) find work in nonagricultural sectors城镇职工基本养老保险制度basic old-age insurance system for urban workers中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十年内发展起来。
英语翻译重点词汇fellow c ountrymen 同胞militarist 军阀Chinese C ommunist Party 党组织the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark 从早到晚especially English 具有英国特征的cottageindustry 农村手工业Indian summer 最后的余辉stock-raising 畜牧业Homestead Act 宅地法wild west 西部荒原the gold rush 淘金热basic o ccupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲coastalerosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyorgeneral 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregateoutput 总产量coastal area 沿海地区telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平two way trade 双向贸易lucrativeexportmarket 出口市场foreign exchange 外汇sumtotal 总数per capita 人均GNP 国民生产总值jointventures 合资企业net income 净收入world investment system 世界投资体系the stock of foreign investment 外资存量英语翻译重点词汇（２）major e conomy 经济大国the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋vegetable oil 植物油mineral oil 煤油internal combustion engine 内燃机warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战minute sea creatures and plan 微t s 小的海洋动植物crude oil 原油sedimentaryrocks 沉积岩pitchlake 沥青湖superhighway 高速公路living o rganism 生物体applied entomology 应用昆虫学environmentalLaw 环保法wildlife 野生生物freedom from noise pollution 无噪声污染Act 法amendment 修正案bill 议案hearing 听证会lobby 院外活动集团universal copyright convention 世界版权公约a system of copyright protection 版权保护制度Contracting States 成员国Director-General 总干事meantemperature 平均温度China’s “most important historicalsites” 全国重点保护文物the cultural relics 文物mutual prosperity 相互繁荣internationaltrade 世界贸易bilateraltrade 双边贸易commercial and financial relationships贸易与金融关economic performance/reform 经济改革economic c ourse 经济道路employment 就业food p roduction 食品加工heavy i ndustries 重工业financial services sector 金融服务foreignexchangedealing 外汇交易the international community 国际社会foreign funds 外国资金domestic competition 国内竞争multilateral disciplines 多边规定apart-timeriver 季节性河流oil-burning lamps 油灯science of b iological control 生物控制学newareasofthought 新的思维空间a warm-blooded animal 恒温动物grant a license 颁发许可证strip mining 露天采矿offshore oil drilling 近海石油钻探wastedisposal 废物处理national l ife 国民生计enacting legislation 立法remaining open land 尚未开发的土地a system of copyright protection 版权保护制度policies of reform and opening to theoutside world 改革开放政策national lives 人民生活national security policies 国家安全政策中翻英流派school文学家manofletters文学界literary circle欺世盗名glory-seeking新民主主义NewDemocracy五四运动TheMay4thMovement反帝国主义运动anti-imperialistmovement反封建运动anti-feudalmovement辛亥革命the Revolution of 1911初步共产主义思想rudiments ofcommunist ideology六三运动June3rdMovement文化革命the cultural revolution小资产阶级和资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois and bourgeoisintellectuals in the cities市民阶级theurbanintelligentsia五卅运动May 30th Movement in1925北伐战争the Northern Expedition北洋军阀政府the Northern Warlordgovernment右翼right wing民族危机national crisis巴黎和会theParisPeaceConference故宫博物馆the Imperial Palace/ thePalace Museum故宫OldPalace天安门Tian An Men Gate太庙The Imperial Ancestral Temple中ft公园the Sun Yat-Sen Park砖木结构wood and brick太和殿the Hall of Supreme Harmony 午门the Meridian Gate外朝theOuterPalace英语翻译重点词汇（３）内廷the Inner Court金水桥theGoldenWaterBridge太和门the Gate of Supreme Harmony中和殿the Hall of Complete Harmony保和殿the Hall of Preserving Harmony御花园the imperial garden白塔the White Dagoba琉璃瓦glazedtiles粮食自给率self-sufficiency rate of grain净进口量netimportrate消费量consumption quantity农业自然资源Natural agricultural resources生产条件production condition技术水平technical level耕地cultivated land单位面积per unit area复种指数the multiple crop index内陆水域inlandwaters水产品aquaticproducts集约化intensification木本植物arbor foodstuffs知识经济knowledge ec onomy劳动密集型产业labour intensive industries贸易与金融关系commercial and financial ties中国少年儿童出版社China Children Press儿童文学Children’s Literature丝绸之路the Silk Road井地之蛙 a frog at the bottom of a well落汤鸡like a drowned rate陆地自然资源landnaturalresources淡水资源freshwater resources矿产资源mineral resources大陆岸线mainland coastline岛屿岸线islands’ coastline联合国海洋法公约UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 中国海域China’s sea areas浅海shallow seas人工养殖aquaticproducts沉积盆地sedimentationbasin中国沿海China’s coasts深水岸线deep-water stretch of coast可再生能源regenerable energyresources全球生命支持系统the globalbio-supportsystem全国人民代表大会National People’sCongress中外合资经营Chinese-ForeignEquity Joint Ventures国际经济合作internationaleconomic cooperation技术交流technologicalexchange经济组织economicorganization外国合营者foreignjointventurer平等互利的原则the principle ofequality and mutual benefit andsubject公共利益publicinterest有限责任公司limited liabilitycompany对外经济贸易主管部门State’scompetent department in charge offoreign e conomic r elations a nd t rade工商行政管理主管部门the State’scompetent department in charge ofindustry a nd c ommerce a dministration营业执照business license注册资本registered capital合营企业经营期间in its practicingdeception董事会aboardofdirectors董事长chairman企业发展规划the venture’sdevelopment plans英语翻译重点词汇（４）生产经营活动方案proposals forproduction and business operations收支预算the budget for revenuesand expenditure利润分配the distribution of profits审计师the auditors毛利润gross profit储备基金reserve fund净利润netprofit优惠待遇preferential treatment所得税the income tax国家外汇管理机关State agency forforeign exchange金融机构financial institution外汇账户aforeignexchangeaccount保险公司insurance company国际市场world market有关外汇事宜foreign exchangetransactions个人所得税individual income tax不可抗力force majeur基本方针the basic principle兴修水利infensify water-contralproject科技进步the development of scienceand technology稻田paddy fields养鱼业fish c ulture养殖aquaculture生产能力productivecapacity人工草场the artificial grasslands国际海洋年the International OceanYear其他合法权益other lawful right开始营业start operations工业产权industrial c apital总经理generalmanager总工程师chief e ngineer总会计师treasurer正副厂长factory manager and deputymanager享受优惠待遇enjoy preferentialtreatment英语翻译重点词汇（5）Premier 总理financial deficit 财务赤字arbitration agency 仲裁机构regionalautonomy 地方自治automobile c omponents 汽车部件ASEAN 东盟(东南亚国家联盟)natural e nemies o f i nsects 昆虫的天敌consumer goods 消费品footbridge 天桥Keen interest 浓厚的兴趣subtropical p lant 亚热带植物social s ecurity s ystem 社会保障制度pension fund 养老金regular e vent 常事municipal g overnment 自治政府entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神to give something much thou仔g细h t 想某事cling to youth 与年轻人呆在一起carriage d rawn b y t he h orse 乘马车Federal Power Commission 联邦电力委员会the Long March 长征neighboring enviroment 周边环境live on one's own life 独立生活freshly harvested 刚割的marine insurance 海事保险scarce t actic 吓唬人的办法a far cry from 完全不同in this respect 在这方面industrial pollution 工业污染international understanding 国际间的了解prime m inister 首相sino-American relationship 中美关系stand squarely 端端正正地站着establishcommunities 建立村镇mineral deposit 矿藏flows o f c apital 资本流动powerofnature 自然的力量theicewasbroken 打破了僵局science of b iotic controls 生物控制学domestic l egislation 国内立法full diplomtic relations 正式外交关系natural b eauty 自然美more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁open public domain 开放的公共地带typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作to imprint on one's mind 印在某人的脑海里tentative and uncertain manner 试探和踌躇的举止wind and twist 蜿蜒vaguelyworded 措词含糊to and fro 走来走去brightlypainted 颜色鲜艳的英语翻译重点词汇（6）average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量ravages of time 时间的摧残the flower of one's youth 风华正茂in unison 一致turn one's back on 拒绝,冷眼相看court of appeals 上诉法院internationalaffairs 国际事务magnificient dinner 盛大晚宴full member 正式成员vast size and resources 地大物博outward investor 对外投资者a k ind o f i nvitation 殷勤的邀请sober-faced 沉静的right to know 知情权unpublished works 未出版的作品welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会historically s ignificant e xperiment 具有历史意义的尝试in his m iddle twenties 二十多岁outstanding feature 突出特点undue absoption in the past 过分地怀念过去resonantvoice 洪亮的声音universalconvention 世界公约immeasurable contrast 迥然不同sucking vigor 汲取力量meticulously dressed 穿着讲究well-mannered silence 规规矩矩now and again 有时works of the human kind 人类精神产品scientificexchange 科学交流it r ains c ats a nd d ogs 倾盆大雨gleaming e yes 闪光的眼睛source o f p ower 能源everlastingly 无穷无尽的property damage 财产损失the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和消亡Sir John 约翰爵士on board ship 在船上common g round 共同点average height 中等身材in the air 酝酿中life-giving 赋予生命globaleconomy 全球经济come and go 霎时即去market-day 赶集日anarrow s wale 狭长的洼地toast 干杯英语翻译重点词汇（7）金字塔Pyramid中国公民Chinesecitizen维生素vitamin载人飞船mannedairship生态环境environment世界贸易组织World TradOrganization可耕地arable land'三个代表'重要思想Three RepresentsImportant Idea纬度latitude郁金香tulip首相Prime Minister生产条件production condition粮食总产量目标total grain outputtarget工业产权industrial property rights福礼sacrificial meat国民经济nationaleconomy大陆架continentalshelves和平共处peacefulcoexistence深刻的影响profound impact交通动脉arteriesofcommunication平民文学literature for the commonpeople熬夜to sit up民族团结ethnic harmony, ethnicsolidarity各种流尖派的differentschools不合理的制度irrational system花言巧语flowery language极西地带far west经济改革economicreforms灌溉面积irrigated areas零工odd jobs战略任务strategic task有限责任公司a limited liabilitycompany区域自治regional autonomy革命道路revolutionaryroad为…打下基础layfoundationsfor不良后果negtive effects生活水平standardofliving沿海城市coastalcity花坛flower bed不惜力气not sparing oneself新兴城市the rising town永久定居permanent settlement革命知识分子revolutionaryintellectuals在…的号召下at the call of英语翻译重点词汇（8）散文集collectionofessays试工期trial period排队queue up浓装艳抹heavy make up合法手续legaltitle客观有利因素favorable objective factors高等教育highereducation小买卖人 a peddler先进技术advancedtechnology民族精神national spirit测深绳sounding-line出于自愿和兴趣on one's own count, out of interest电力生产electrical production历史遗址historicalsites单位面积产量the yield per unit area专属经济区exclusiveeconomiczones储备基金reservefund统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary movement of a united front文艺节Festival of Arts完整的古代建筑群complete group of acient buildings世界投资体系world investment system旧梦重温going through old dreams 自给自足self-suffiiciency互不干涉内政non-interference无言的呼唤wordless cry多功能机器multi-purpose machine 平均率average rate月白色的palegreen拉排子车pull a handcart学术交流academic exchange五一的下午on the afternoon of May1st河流入海口the mouth of the river无情的relentless初冬earlywinter拉家带口be saddled with big families。
编程术语英语翻译abstract['æbstrækt] 抽象的抽象的abstraction 抽象体、抽象物、抽象性抽象体、抽象物、抽象性access['ækses, ] 存取、取用存取、访问access level 存取级别访问级别access function['fʌŋkʃən]存取函式访问函数activate ['æktiveit]活化激活active 作用中的adapter [ə'dæptə]配接器适配器address 位址地址address space 位址空间，定址空间address－of operator ['ɔpəreitə]取址运算子取地址操作符aggregation [,æɡri'ɡeiʃən] 聚合algorithm ['ælɡəriðəm]演算法算法allocate ['æləukeit] 配置分配allocator （空间）配置器分配器application [,æpli'keiʃən]应用程式应用、应用程序application framework['freimwə:k] 应用程式框架、应用框架应用程序框架architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] 架构、系统架构体系结构argument ['ɑ:ɡjumənt]引数（传给函式的值）。
叁见parameter [pə'ræmitə]叁数、实质叁数、实叁、自变量array [ə'rei]阵列数组arrow operator arrow（箭头）运算子箭头操作符assembly 装配件assembly language 组合语言汇编语言assert(ion) 断言assign 指派、指定、设值、赋值赋值assignment 指派、指定赋值、分配assignment operator 指派（赋值）运算子= 赋值操作符associated [ə'səuʃi,eitid]相应的、相关的相关的、关联、相应的associative [ə'səuʃjətiv]container[kən'teinə] 关联式容器（对应sequential container）关联式容器atomic 不可分割的原子的attribute[ə'tribju:t] 属性属性、特性audio ['ɔ:diəu]音讯音频A.I. 人工智慧人工智能background 背景背景（用於图形着色）後台（用於行程）backward compatible [kəm'pætəbl] 回溯相容向下兼容bandwidth ['bændwidθ] 频宽带宽base class 基础类别基类base type 基础型别(等同於base class)batch [bætʃ] 批次（意思是整批作业）批处理benefit 利益收益best viable ['vaiəbl]function 最佳可行函式最佳可行函式（从viable functions 中挑出的最佳吻合者）binary ['bainəri] search 二分搜寻法二分查找binary tree 二元树二叉树binary function 二元函式双叁函数binary operator 二元运算子二元操作符binding['baindiŋ] 系结绑定bit 位元位bit field ['fi:ld]位元栏位域bitmap ['bit,mæp]位元图位图bitwise 以bit 为单元逐一┅bitwise copy 以bit 为单元进行复制；位元逐一复制位拷贝block [blɔk]区块,区段块、区块、语句块boolean ['bu:liən]布林值（真假值，true 或false）布尔值border ['bɔ:də] 边框、框线边框brace[breis](curly['kə:li] brace) 大括弧、大括号花括弧、花括号bracket ['brækit] (square [skwεə] brakcet) 中括弧、中括号方括弧、方括号breakpoint 中断点断点build 建造、构筑、建置（MS 用语）build－in 内建内置bus 汇流排总线business 商务,业务业务buttons 按钮按钮byte [bait]位元组（由8 bits 组成）字节cache[kæʃ] 快取高速缓存call 呼叫、叫用调用callback 回呼回调call operator call（函式呼叫）运算子调用操作符（同function call operator）candidate ['kændideit, -dət] function 候选函式候选函数（在函式多载决议程序中出现的候选函式）chain 串链（例chain of function calls）链character ['kærəktə字元字符check box 核取方块(i.e. check button) 复选框checked exception 可控式异常(Java)check button 方钮(i.e. check box) 复选按钮child class 子类别（或称为derived class, subtype）子类class 类别类class body 类别本体类体class declaration [,deklə'reiʃən] 类别宣告、类别宣告式类声明class definition[,defi'niʃən] 类别定义、类别定义式类定义class derivation[,deri'veiʃən] list [list] 类别衍化列类继承列表class head 类别表头类头class hierarchy['haiə,rɑ:ki] 类别继承体系, 类别阶层类层次体系class library 类别程式库、类别库类库class template ['templit] 类别模板、类别范本类模板class template partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] specializations[,speʃəlai'zeiʃən]类别模板偏特化类模板部分特化class template specializations类别模板特化类模板特化cleanup 清理、善後清理、清除client['klaiənt] 客端、客户端、客户客户client－server 主从架构客户/服务器clipboard['klipbɔ:d] 剪贴簿剪贴板clone 复制克隆collection 群集集合combo ['kɔmbəu] box 复合方块、复合框组合框command line 命令列命令行(系统文字模式下的整行执行命令)communication [kə,mju:ni'keiʃən] 通讯通讯compatible [kəm'pætəbl]相容兼容compile[kəm'pail] time 编译期编译期、编译时compiler[kəm'pailə] 编译器编译器component[kəm'pəunənt] 组件组件composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] 复合、合成、组合组合computer 电脑、计算机计算机、电脑concept ['kɔnsept] 概念概念concrete [kən'kri:t, 'kɔnkri:t]具象的实在的concurrent[kən'kʌrənt] 并行并发configuration[kən,fiɡju'reiʃən] 组态配置connection 连接，连线（网络,资料库）连接constraint [kən'streint] 约束（条件）construct [kən'strʌkt] 构件构件container[kən'teinə] 容器容器（存放资料的某种结构如list, vector...）containment [kən'teinmənt] 内含包容context['kɔntekst] 背景关系、周遭环境、上下脉络环境、上下文control 控制元件、控件控件console [kən'səul]主控台控制台const 常数（constant['kɔnstənt] 的缩写，C++ 关键字）constant 常数（相对於variable ['vεəriəbl] ）常量constructor（ctor）建构式构造函数（与class 同名的一种member functions）copy (v) 复制、拷贝拷贝copy (n) 复件, 副本cover 涵盖覆盖create 创建、建立、产生、生成创建creation 产生、生成创建cursor ['kə:sə] 游标光标custom 订制、自定定制data['deitə] 资料数据database 资料库数据库database schema ['ski:mə] 数据库结构纲目data member 资料成员、成员变数数据成员、成员变量data structure 资料结构数据结构datagram 资料元数据报文dead lock 死结死锁debug [di:'bʌɡ] 除错调试debugger [di:'bʌɡə]除错器调试器declaration[,deklə'reiʃən] 宣告、宣告式声明deduction[di'dʌkʃən] 推导（例：template ['templit] argument deduction）推导、推断default[di'fɔ:lt] 预设缺省、默认defer [di'fə:] 延缓推迟define[di'fain] 定义预定义definition[,defi'niʃən] 定义、定义区、定义式定义delegate'[deliɡeit] 委派、委托、委任委托delegation （同上）demarshal 反编列散集dereference 提领（取出指标所指物体的内容）解叁考dereference operator dereference（提领）运算子* 解叁考操作符derived[di'raivd] class 衍生类别派生类design by contract [ kən'trækt] 契约式设计design pattern ['pætən]设计范式、设计样式设计模式※最近我比较喜欢「设计范式」一词destroy [di'strɔi] 摧毁、销毁destructor[di'strʌktə] 解构式析构函数device[di'vais] 装置、设备设备dialog ['daiəlɔɡ] 对话窗、对话盒对话框directive [di'rektiv] 指令（例：using directive）(编译)指示符directory [di'rektəri] 目录目录disk [disk] 碟盘dispatch [dis'pætʃ] 分派分派distributed [di'stribjutid] computing[kəm'pju:tiŋ] 分布式计算(分布式电算) 分布式计算分散式计算(分散式电算)document [ dɔkjument] 文件文档dot [dɔt]基本翻译n. 点，圆点；嫁妆vi. 打上点vt. 加小点于dot [dɔt] operator dot（句点）运算子. (圆)点操作符driver [draivə] 驱动程式驱动（程序）dynamic [dai'næmik] binding ['baindiŋ] 动态系结动态绑定efficiency[i'fiʃənsi] 效率效率efficient [i'fiʃənt] 高效高效end user 终端用户entity['entəti] 物体实体、物体encapsulation [in,-kæpsə'leiʃən] 封装封装enclosing class 外围类别（与巢状类别nested class 有关）外围类enum (enumeration [i,nju:mə'reiʃən]) 列举（一种C++ 资料型别）枚举enumerators [i,nju:mə'reiʃən] 列举元（enum 型别中的成员）枚举成员、枚举器equal 相等相等equality[i:'kwɔləti] 相等性相等性equality operator equality（等号）运算子== 等号操作符equivalence [i'kwivələns] 等价性、等同性、对等性等价性equivalent 等价、等同、对等等价escape [i'skeip] code 转义码转义码evaluate [i'væljueit] 评估、求值、核定评估event 事件事件event driven 事件驱动的事件驱动的exception [ik'sepʃən] 异常情况异常exception declaration [,deklə'reiʃən] 异常宣告（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.3）异常声明exception handling ['hændliŋ] 异常处理、异常处理机制异常处理、异常处理机制exception specification [,spesifi'keiʃən]异常规格（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.4）异常规范exit 退离（指离开函式时的那一个执行点）退出explicit [ik'splisit] 明白的、明显的、显式显式export [ik'spɔ:t,] 汇出引出、导出expression [ik'spreʃən] 运算式、算式表达式facility [fə'siliti] 设施、设备设施、设备feature ['fi:tʃə] 特性field 栏位,资料栏（Java）字段, 值域（Java）file['fail] 档案文件firmware['fə:mwεə] 韧体固件flag[flæɡ] 旗标标记flash memory 快闪记忆体闪存flexibility [,fleksi'biliti] 弹性灵活性flush [flʌʃ] 清理、扫清刷新font [fɔnt] 字型字体form 表单（programming 用语）窗体formal ['fɔ:məl] parameter[pə'ræmitə] 形式叁数形式叁数forward declaration 前置宣告前置声明forwarding 转呼叫,转发转发forwarding function 转呼叫函式,转发函式转发函数fractal['fræktəl] 碎形分形framework 框架框架full specialization 全特化（ref. partial specialization）function 函式、函数函数function call operator 同call operatorfunction object 函式物件（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 12.3）函数对象function overloaded resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən]函式多载决议程序函数重载解决（方案）functionality [,fʌŋkʃə'næliti] 功能、机能功能function template 函式模板、函式范本函数模板functor ['fʌŋktə] 仿函式仿函式、函子game 游戏游戏generate ['fʌŋktə] 生成generic [dʒi'nerik] 泛型、一般化的一般化的、通用的、泛化generic algorithm ['ælɡəriðəm] 泛型演算法通用算法getter (相对於setter) 取值函式global 全域的（对应於local）全局的global object 全域物件全局对象global scope [skəup] resolution operator全域生存空间（范围决议）运算子:: 全局范围解析操作符group 群组group box 群组方块分组框guard [ɡɑ:d] clause [klɔ:z] 卫述句(Refactoring, p250) 卫语句GUI 图形介面图形界面hand shaking ['ʃeikiŋ] 握手协商handle['hændl] 识别码、识别号、号码牌、权柄句柄handler ['hændlə] 处理常式处理函数hard－coded 编死的硬编码的hard－copy 硬拷图屏幕截图hard disk 硬碟硬盘hardware ['hɑ:dwεə] 硬体硬件hash[hæʃ] table 杂凑表哈希表、散列表header file ['fail] 表头档、标头档头文件heap[hi:p] 堆积堆hierarchy ['haiə,rɑ:ki] 阶层体系层次结构（体系）hook [huk] 挂钩钩子hyperlink ['haipəliŋk] 超链结超链接icon['aikɔn] 图示、图标图标IDE 整合开发环境集成开发环境identifier [ai'dentifaiə] 识别字、识别符号标识符if and only if 若且唯若当且仅当Illinois 伊利诺伊利诺斯image 影像图象immediate base 直接的（紧临的）上层base class。
翻译专业术语大全术语翻译贡献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Abusive translation滥译路易斯（Lewis）Acceptability可接受性托利（Toury）Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Analysis分析奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯（Rose）Autotranslation自译波波维奇（Popovic）Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯（Keith）Class Shift词类转换韩礼德（Halliday）Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克（Newmark）Communicative Translation 传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克（Newmark）Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维（Hervey）Competence能力托利（Toury）Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达（Nida）Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Conventions常规诺德（Nord）Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯（House）Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮（Robert Escarpi）Deconstruction解构主义德里达（Derrida）Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Differance分延德里达（Derrida）Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德（Nord）Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达（Nida）Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Effort models用功模式贾尔（Gile）Excluded receiver非目标接受者皮姆（Pym）Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Exoticism异国情调赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Expectancy norms期待规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Explicitation明示维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Expressive text表情型文本赖斯（Reiss）Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄（Venuti）Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德（Catford）Formal equivalence形式对等奈达（Nida）Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of translation普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Gist translation要旨翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Gloss translation释词翻译奈达（Nida）Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳（Steiner）Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳（Folena）Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼（Beekman）和卡洛（Callow）Imitation拟译德莱顿（Dryden）、利弗威尔（Lefevere）Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔（Vermeer）Informative texts信息文本赖斯（Reiss）Initial norms初始规范托利（Toury）Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德（Nord）Integral translation整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊（Jacobson）Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德（Catford）Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Level shift层次转换卡特福德（Catford）Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德（Catford）Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯（Keith）Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Matricial norms矩阵规范托利（Toury）Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Mutation变异范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms规范Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达（Nida）Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特（Bathgate）Operational norms操作规范托利（Toury）Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达（Nida）Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Overt translation显型翻译豪斯（House）Overtranslation超额翻译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳（Darbelnet）Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇（Popovic）Paraphrase释译德莱顿（Dryden）Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Participative receiver参与型接受者皮姆（Pym）Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维（Hervey）和希金斯（Higgins）Performance运用托利（Toury）Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德（Catford）Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔（Even-Zohar）Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先规范托利（Toury）Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究托利（Toury）Primary translation首级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Problem-restricted theories oftranslation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Process-oriented translationtheories过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Product-oriented translationstudies成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Professional norms翻译规范切斯特曼（Chesterman）Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Prototext原型文本波波维奇（Popovic）Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明（Walter Benjamin）Radical translation原始翻译奎因（Quine）Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Realia独有特征弗拉科夫（Vlakhov）和弗罗林（Florin）Receptor language接受语奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译古阿德克（Gouadec）Redundancy冗余奈达（Nida）Refraction折射利弗威尔（Lefevere）Regulative translational规约性翻译常规诺德（Nord）conventionsRelay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利（Toury）Resistancy阻抗韦努狄（Venuti）Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Restructuring重组奈达（Nida）和泰伯（Taber）Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特（Postgate）Rewriting重写利弗威尔（Lefevere）Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔（Lefevere）Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒（Diller）和康纳留斯（Kornelius）Selective translation选译古阿德克（Gouadec）Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克（Newmark）Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德（Casagrande）Service translation服务型翻译纽马克（Newmark）Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）Source language源语Source text-oriented translationstudies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift结构转换卡特福德（Catford）Stylistic equivalence文体对等Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德（Catford）Textual norms文本规范托利（Toury）Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔（Appiah）Third code第三语码弗劳利（Frawley）Time-restricted theories oftranslation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯（Holmes）Total translation完全翻译卡特福德（Catford）Transcription注音Transeme译素范·路文兹瓦特（van Leuven-Zwart）Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德（Catford）Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里（Justa Holz-Manttari）Transliteration音译维纳（Vinay）和达尔贝勒纳Transposition置换（Darbelnet）Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德（Catford）Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克（Newmark）Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯（Reiss）和弗米尔（Vermeer）。
一．商务职衔1.总裁/会长/理事长President2.董事会主席/董事长Chairman (board of directors)3.董事Director4.执行董事Executive Director5.总干事Director-General6.理事Trustee/Council Member7.总监/主任Director8.经理Manager9.总经理General Manager 99（GM）10.副总经理Assistant General Manager11.总经理助理General Manager Assistant12.公关部经理PR （Public Relations）Manager13.销售部经理Sales Manager14.营业经理Business Manager15.市场部经理Marketing Manager16.生产部经理Production Manager17.研发部经理R&D (Research and Development) Manager18.厂长Factory Managing Director19.车间主任Workshop Manager20.高级工程师Senior Engineer21.工程师Engineer22.助理工程师Assistant Engineer23.首席执行官/总裁C.E.O (Chief Executive Officer)24.首席财务官/财务总监C.F.O (Chief Financial Officer)25.财务主管Financial Controller26.高级会计师Senior Accountant27.会计师Accountant28.助理会计师Assistant Accountant29.注册会计师CPA (Certified Public Accountant)30.会计员Treasurer31.出纳员Teller32.首席信息官/咨讯总监C.I.O (Chief Information Officer)33.首席营运官/运营总监C.O.O （Chief Operation Officer）34.技术员Technician35.程序员Programmer36.设计师Designer37.机械师Mechanic38.化验员Chemical Analyst39.质检员Quality Inspector40.推销员Salesman/Salesperson41.采购员Purchaser42.部长Minister43.副部长Vice-Minister44.部长助理Assistant Minister45.省长Governor46.市长Mayor47.副（省长/市长）Vice-/Deputy48.常务副（省长/市长）Senior (Vice-Governor/Vice-Mayor)49.厅长/司长Director-General, ...Department50.局长Director-General, ...Bureau51.处长Director, ...Division52.科长Section Chief53.副（厅长/司长/局长/处长）Deputy二．机场词汇1.国际航班International Flight2.国内航班Domestic Flight3.航班号码Flight Number4.起飞/抵达时间Departure/Arrival Time5.机场大楼Terminal Building6.航班/飞机资料显示牌Flight Information Board7.候机室Departure Lounge8.贵宾室VIP Room9.登记柜台Check-in Counter10.问讯处Information Desk11.办理出镜/入境/海关手续to go through/complete the (exit/entry/customs) formalities12.出境登记卡Departure Card13.入境登记卡Landing Card14.安全检查Security Check15.护照检查处Passport Control16.签证种类Type of visa17.一次性/多次性入境签证Single-entry/Multiple entry visa18.再入境签证Re-entry visa19.旅行/居留签证Travel/Residence visa20.出境/入境/过境/访问签证Exit/Entry/Transit/Visitor’s visa21.签证有效期validity of visa22.入境日期及口岸date and port of entry23.抵达/出境日期date of arrival/departure24.婚配状况marital status25.居留事由/期限purpose/duration of stay26.旅行/居住证travel/residence permit27.海关申报处Customs Service Area28.海关Customs29.海关官员Customs Officer30.货币申报currency declaration31.关税customs duty32.免税店duty-free shop33.免税商品duty-free items34.增值税V AT (Value-added Tax)35.需课税商品dutiable goods/articles36.填写报关单to fill in/out the declaration form37.个人物品personal effects38.进/出口许可证import/export permit39.违反海关规定to violate customs regulations; against customs regulations40.走私to smuggle; smuggling41.照章纳税to pay customs duty according to the regulations42.机票Air Ticket43.开始检票Checking-in44.开始登机Boarding45.停止登机Closing46.登机牌Boarding Card47.单程机票One-Way Ticket48.来回机票Round-Trip Ticket49.头等舱First Class50.商务舱Business Class51.经济舱Economy Class52.盥洗室Lavatory53.使用中Occupied54.无人Vacant55.女空服员stewardess56.男空服员steward57.行李Baggage/Luggage58.托运的行李Checked baggage59.行李领取处Baggage Claim Area60.认领行李claim one’s baggage61.行李领取凭证claim check62.随身行李carry-on baggage63.行李牌Baggage Tag64.行李推车luggage cart/trolley/handcart/pushcart65.日程安排schedule66.旅行路线itinerary三．表示欢迎1.到机场接人To meet sb. at the airport2.对不起，您是来自……的……吗？我叫……，是……（单位）的……（职务）。
英语常用术语1. ASAP: As Soon As Possible（尽快）2. ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival（预计到达时间）3. FYI: For Your Information（供您参考）4. TBD: To Be Determined（待定）5. RSVP: Répondez s'il vous plaît（请回复）6. CEO: Chief Executive Officer（首席执行官）7. CFO: Chief Financial Officer（首席财务官）8. COO: Chief Operating Officer（首席运营官）9. KPI: Key Performance Indicator（关键绩效指标）10. ROI: Return on Investment（投资回报率）11. MOU: Memorandum of Understanding（谅解备忘录）12. NDA: Non-Disclosure Agreement（保密协议）13. B2B: Business to Business（企业对企业）14. B2C: Business to Consumer（企业对消费者）15. CRM: Customer Relationship Management（客户关系管理）16. ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning（企业资源规划）17. SEO: Search Engine Optimization（搜索引擎优化）18. SEM: Search Engine Marketing（搜索引擎营销）19. PPC: Pay Per Click（按点击付费）20. CTR: Click Through Rate（点击率）21. UX: User Experience（用户体验）22. UI: User Interface（用户界面）23. API: Application Programming Interface（应用程序编程接口）24. HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language（超文本标记语言）25. CSS: Cascading Style Sheets（层叠样式表）26. JS: JavaScript（JavaScript脚本语言）27. AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML（异步JavaScript和XML）28. FTP: File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）29. VPN: Virtual Private Network（虚拟私人网络）30. GUI: Graphical User Interface（图形用户界面）。
学翻译必备的20个专业术语空中传译 2019-09-19 17:57:451. 归化:归化（法）是1995年由美国翻译理论家劳伦斯·韦努蒂在《译者的隐形》⼀书中提出的，是对意译概念的延伸，突破了语⾔因素的局限，扩展到语⾔、⽂化和美学等因素。
/归化法就是采取民族中⼼主义的态度，使外语⽂本符合译⼊语的⽂化价值观，把原作者带⼊译⼊语⽂化。
严复、林纾等都是“归化派”的代表，以其但后来由于“归化理论”的统治，某种意义上来说，导致了“⽂化帝国主义”的倾向。
/我们应该以异化为主，归化为辅，充分反应原作的⽂化特征，传递原语⽂化。
2. 异化:异化（法）是1995年由美国翻译理论家劳伦斯·韦努蒂在《译者的隐形》⼀书中提出的，是对直译概念的延伸，突破了语⾔因素的局限，扩展到语⾔、⽂化和美学等因素。
异化法就是接受外语⽂本的语⾔和⽂化差异，把读者带⼊外国情景。
/鲁迅是“异化派”的代表，但由于译作过分拘泥于原作，未得到⼴泛认可。
长期以来，由于“归化理论”对原语⽂化的损害，改⾰开放后，异化法在翻译界开始越来越得到重视，此法有助于充分反映原语⽂化特征，充分表达原⽂意义。
/但是，异化亦⾮万能，运⽤异化法我们既不能超越语⾔⽂化的规范限度，也不能超越读者的接受限度。
3. 语际翻译指不同语⾔之间的翻译活动，如将汉语⽂本译为外语⽂本，或将外语⽂本译为汉语⽂本。
/在中国，始于东汉末年终于北宋末年⽽盛于唐代的佛经翻译活动，可以说对中国⽂化的每⼀个层⾯都产⽣过深刻的影响。
同样，明末清初的科技翻译对清末⼒求⾃强⾰新的知识分⼦起到了巨⼤的启蒙作⽤。
语际翻译活动还直接影响到了中国现代性的形成，近代的⼀些思想家都是以语际翻译为利器，改造社会、⽂学以及语⾔的。
/我认为，语际翻译体现的是⼀种跨⽂化意义传递，是不同语⾔背景的⼈类进⾏思想交流的桥梁。
4. 语内翻译指同⼀语⾔的各个语⾔变体之间的翻译，如将⽅⾔译成民族共同语，将古代语译成现代语，把将歌译成散⽂等。
翻译专业术语大全本文为翻译专业术语大全，介绍翻译领域中常见的术语及其解释。
一、翻译1. Translation 翻译：将一种语言的文本用另一种语言表达的过程。
2. Translator/Interpreter 翻译员：从一种语言转换为另一种语言的专业人士。
3. Source Language（SL）源语言：被翻译文本的语言。
4. Target Language（TL）目标语言：翻译后的目标语言。
5. Bilingual 双语的：能听说读写两种语言的人。
6. Multilingual 多种语言的：能听说读写多种语言的人。
7. Translate 翻译：将源语言文本转换成目标语言文本。
8. Interpretation 口译：将源语言口述转换成目标语言口述。
9. Localization 本地化：将一个产品从一种语言转换成另一种语言，并符合该地区的文化、政治、习俗等环境。
二、文本类型1. Technical Text 技术文本：对某种科技、专业领域的知识、技能、思想等进行描述的文本。
2. Legal Text 法律文本：含法律内容的文本，如合同、法规等。
3. Medical Text 医学文本：含医学内容的文本，如医学论文、病历等。
4. Financial Text 金融文本：含金融内容的文本，如财经新闻、报告等。
5. Literary Text 文学文本：小说、诗歌等文学作品。
6. Commercial Text 商业文本：广告、宣传资料等商业性文本。
三、翻译术语1. Translation Theory 翻译理论：研究翻译规律、方法和技巧的学科。
2. Translation Studies 翻译研究：研究翻译现象、理论和实践问题的学科。
3. Translation Criticism 翻译批评：通过对原著和译文进行分析、比较和评价来评判翻译质量的学科。
4. Translation Equivalence 翻译等值性：翻译过程中，源语言和目标语言表达方式和意义上的相当性。
plagiarize/plagiarism 抄袭，剽窃postdoctoral fellow 博士后研究员preschool class 学前班schooling suspension 休学straight A student 成绩全优生student aid 助学金student cafeteria/canteen 学生餐厅student union 学生会take attendance 查点考勤teaching assistant 助教teaching faculty 全体教师top student 头等生track out of schools 被逐出校门transcript 成绩单transmission of civilization 传播文明valedictory address/speech 毕业献辞virtual university 虚拟大学working graduate 在职研究生work-study program 勤工助学cramming system; spoon-feeding pedagogy 填鸭式教学法crash course 速成班credit hour 学时drop out （中途）退学educational expenditure 教育开支educational innovation 教育革新educational network 网络教育education in patriotism 爱国主义教育elective course 选修课exemption from examination 免考exit qualification 结业资格fellowship 研究生奖学金financial aid 财政资助（泛指向学生提供的各种资金、贷款、非全日工作等）average student 中等生award/confer degree 授予学位basic literacy 基本读写能力campus medical center; school clinic 校内诊所CA T (computer adaptive test) 机考cheating in exams 考试作弊check roll 考勤children with learning disability 无学习能力的儿童class rank 年级名次coeducation 男女同校commencement ceremony 毕业典礼compulsory course 必修课core curriculum 核心课程cost of education 教育费用course leader 课代表academic achievements 学业成绩陪读be companion to sb in study听课attend a class or lecture走读生nonresident student博士后post-doctoral进修班class for further studies特困生the most needy student学杂费tuition fee and miscellaneous charges毕业设计graduation project大专学历 a college graduate德才兼备combine political integrity with professionalcompetence定向培养provide training to selected students定向招生recruit students from selected organizations or regions;enroll students who are pre-assigned to specific posts or areas动手能力the ability of practice岗位培训in-service/on-the-job training高等教育higher/postsecondary education国情教育education abou t China’s conditions积累知识accumulate knowledge基础教育basic/elementary education寄宿学校boarding school家庭教育education in the home综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urbanresidents信息化information-based;智力密集型concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation西部大开发Development of the West Regions可持续性发展sustainable development风险投资risk investment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction(CAI)网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtual reality网民netizen(net citizen)电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务the e-business网上购物shopping online应试教育exam-oriented education学生减负to reduce study load下岗laid-off workers下海plunge into the commercial sea下网off line小康之家well-off family ;comfortably-off family新秀up-and-coming star,rising star新新人类New Human Being；X Generation信息港info port形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网virtual net学生处students’affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graudate degree’sdiploma摇钱树cash cow以人为本people oriented;people foremost义务教育compulsory education易拉罐pop can应试教育examination-oriented education system舆论导向direction of public opinion运球dribble在职博士生on-job doctorate早恋puppy love招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office证券营业部stock exchange;security exchange知识产权intellectual property rights中专生secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱mainstay,chief corner stone专卖店exclusive agency;franchised store自我保护意识self-protection awareness综合国力comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital network (ISDN) 公正、公平、公开just,fair and open好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster黄金时段prime time假唱lip-synch劲射power shot拉拉队cheering squad来电显示电话机caller ID telephone论文答辩(thesis)oral defense泡沫经济bubble economy票贩子scalper,ticket tout拳头产品competitive products;knock-out products;blockbuster三角恋爱love triangle三维动画片three-dimensional animation"扫黄"、"打非"eliminate pornography andillegal publications申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenationof the Chinese nation市场疲软sluggish market素质教育education for all-around development筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富cast(shake,throw)off poverty and setout on a road to prosperity网吧Internet bar网恋online love affair网上冲浪surf the Internet网上交易平台online trading platform网友net friend入学考试||entrance examination入学资格||admission requirement十二年国民义务教育||twelve-year compulsory education大专校院||institutes of higher education大学分部||branch campus公费待遇||government sponsorship公费留学考试the examination of government sponsorship foroverseas study公费留学奖学金||the scholarship of government sponsorship foroverseas study公费奖学金||government sponsorship scholarship启发式elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feeding method of teachingbasic course基础课specialized course专业课required course必修课optional/selective course选修课literature文学philosophy哲学history历史art艺术banking银行学biochemistry生物化学sociology社会学linguistics语言学psychology心理学engineering工程学architecture建筑学business商务law法学economics经济学fiancé金融学accounting会计学elementary education初等教育secondary education中等教育higher education高等教育adult education成人教育open admission免试入学制teaching facilities教学设施assistantship助学金scholarship奖学金room and board食宿auditorium礼堂vidiploma=graduation certificate毕业证书drop out辍学quit school退学attend a lecture上课miss a class缺课cut a class旷课expel sb from school开除tuition学费miscellaneous expenses杂费a grant-aided student领助学金的学生report card成绩单final-examination期末考核quiz小测验oral test口试最常考的学类场景词汇1）分数类grade （mark 、score）分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业2）图书馆类library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引loan desk 借书处circulation 流通reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期3）作业类thesis/essay/dissertation 论文assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告presentation 发言term paper 学期论文project 作业broad （论文等）内容宽泛的narrow down （论文等）缩小范围4）学科类Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogics 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学5）教师评价类教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问B.A. （Bachelor of Arts）文学士M.A （degree of Master of Arts）文学硕士M.S. （Master of Science）理硕士M.D. （Doctor of Medicine）医学博士Ph.D. （Doctor of Philosophy）（哲学）博士president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家正评价fascinating = fantastic 精彩的thought provoking 发人深思的stimulating 令人兴奋的sense of humor 幽默感负评价boring 无聊的drop off to sleep 睡着了doze off 打瞌睡drowsy 昏昏欲睡的clock watcher 不断看表的人make no sense 毫无意义6）课程考试类tuition 学费credit system 学分制semester/term 学期course guideline 课程纲要required course 必修课elective course 选修课seminar 高级研讨性课mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书course, coursework 课程text, textbook 课文，教科书class, classroom 班，课exercise, practice 练习handout（s）分发的教材enrollment/registration 注册registrar 注册主任7）学习用品类stationery 文具book bag 书包backpack = knapsack 背包stapler 订书机（staples 订书钉）clips 夹子；回形针glue 胶水scotch tape 透明胶带scissors 剪刀brown paper 牛皮纸battery 电池bookmark 书签flashlight 手电筒lined paper 横格纸notebook 笔记本notepad 记事本projector 幻灯放映机typewriter 打字机printer 打印机printer ribbon打印机的色带word processor 文字处理器laptop 笔记本电脑desktop 台式机typing paper 打印纸record 唱片8）其它education 教育educational 教育的students' union 学生会students' council = government = association 学生会quit school 休学drop out of school 退学transfer to another school 转学educational board 教育董事会admissions office 招生办公室scholarship 奖学金assistantship 助研金fellowship 研究奖学金graduation commencement 毕业典礼diploma 毕业文凭admission 录取freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生a graduate, graduation 毕业生，毕业tuition, fee 费用subject 主题，专业academic 学术的excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的，advanced 先进的，高级的remedial 补习的9）电器类electronic appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water）heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养10）家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设天文学astronomy，astronomer，astronomical object，illusiveobject，cosmos，space，solar system，Brown Dwarf，gaseousbodies，planet，massive，ignite，star，heaven，celestial，faint，universe，comet，meteor，obserbatory，telescope，image，remote，feeble，origin，gravitational force，molten，Mars听力必备习语1. boil down to 很明显是，很明显会……2. make up 补考，补做3. put up with 忍受4. by and by 很快5. give sb. a hand 帮某人一把6. ring a bell 听起来熟悉7. snap out of it 重新振作起来8. raise the roof 吵翻天9. get away with 逃避惩罚10. on business 因公，出公差11. look up 查找（单词）12. let up 减少，减小13. in any case （或event ）无论如何14. come out 出版15. look into 调查，考查16. spell out 清楚地说出，解释清楚17. fall back on 求助于，依赖18. wrap up 圆满完成19. save one's breath 免开尊口，不要浪费口舌20. hold up 阻碍；经久，持久21. have one's hands full 忙得不可开交22. How come? 怎么会这样？为什么？23. stick around 在附近逗留24. make out 了解，明白25. turn up 出现出席列场26. hold off 推迟，拖延27. over one's head 超过某人的理解力28. stock up 买进储存起来29. stay put 待在原地30. keep up 继续31. tie up 占用32. in and out 进进出出，来来去去33. make ends meet量入为出，收支相抵34. on and on 继续不断，不直不停35. out of this world非常好，不同凡响36. in a row连续不断37. wait around 空等38. cool off 息怒，平静下来39. hold the grudge 怀恨在心40. come a long way 有长足的进步41. straighten out 纠正错误42. once and for all 坚决地43. put … away 把…收起来把…放好44. out of it 闷闷不乐45. bump into 偶然遇见46. out of stock 没有库存47. per se 本身48. keep to oneself 不与他人交往49. go out of one's way 特意地，不怕麻烦地50. put up 提供食宿51. under the weather 身体不舒服（因天气不佳）52. come in handy 迟早有用，派得上用场53. talk one out of it劝说某人不要做某事54. wait on 伺候55. go all out 全力以赴，尽全力56. on sale 廉价出售，大减价57. try out 参加竞争，选拔58. pass up 放弃59. on behalf of 代表60. stay up 熬夜61. Their odds are very poor 他们成功的可能性很小62. hold over 推迟，拖延63. out of order 损坏64. be booked up 预定满了65. fit in 找时间做66. in one ear and out the other 不听，当耳旁风，左耳进，右耳出67. measure up 符合标准68. change of pace 变换活动，换口味69. run out of go by 用完70. go by 遵守，遵循71. take it out on sb. 拿某人出气72. get around to 找时间做73. put out 使不安，使不高兴74. on top of 对…一清二楚75. in the long run 终究76. can't for the life of me 无论如何也不能77. your guess is as good as mine 我也不知道78. out of date 过时79. plough through 费力的阅读80. be through 完成81. search me! 我不知道sports bums 吃闲饭的球员square deal 公平交易stab-in-the-back business 暗箭伤人stand a change 有机会嬴stand on one's own feet 独立自主stand one up 失约而使人白等stand one's ground 一步也不退让stand sb up 让某人空等一场stand up for sth 支持;拥护standing ovation 站起来热烈鼓掌stay away from 滚开stay out o.p.b （other people's business）不要管别人的闲事stay up late 熬夜steamed up 怒火中烧step on one's toes 触怒某人step out 出外约会;暂时离开工作sth must be done 非马上采取点行动sth tells me 我好象感觉stick around 在附近等着stick your nose into 让你忙着stick-up 抢劫stomach's growling 肚子咕噜咕噜地响stop by 过来一会stop pulling my leg 不要开玩笑了storm in a teacup 大惊小怪straight from the horse's mouth 据可靠消息strike out 删去;想出string sb along 常常戏弄某人stuffed shirt 自命不凡的讨厌鬼sugar daddy 老色狼sugar report 情书suit one's taste 合某人的胃口Sunday dress 最好的衣服swelled head 骄傲自大switch off 关掉swith majors 转系take a back seat 处于默默无闻的地位take a break 休息一下take a good look at 仔细看take a hand in 插手某事take a look 瞧一瞧take a rain check 改天吧.take advantage of 欺负;占便宜take care of sb later 迟些对付你take down 记下take for 误认为take for granted 想当然take French leave 不辞而别take in a movie 看一场电影take it easy 放松;别紧张take it easy. 不要紧张take it or leave it. 别讨价还价take it out to sb 拿别人出气take no for an answer 不许回答“不”字take notes in outline form 记大纲式的笔记take offense 生气take one's hat off to 表示尊敬佩服take one's time doing sth 从容不迫;不慌不忙做某事take orders from 听命于take sb for a ride 绑架某人take sth for granted 视为当然take sth up 重提某事take sth upon oneself 承担一切责任take the lead in sth 在某方面领先take the load off one's feet 坐下休息take the words out of one's mouth 说出心里话take things as they come 既来之则安之take to 养成喜好;专心于take to one's heels 溜之大吉take up 开始;继续;吸收take your time. 慢慢来.take your word for it 相信你的话talk big 讲大话talk of the town 非常流行的东西talk one into 说服talk one's head off 说得天花乱坠talk sb into sth 说服某人做某事talk sb out of sth 说服某人不要做某事talk sense 讲得合情合理talk through one's hat 说话瞎扯不负责任talk through one's neck 说话瞎扯不负责任talk through one's nose 骄傲自大tall story 难以置信的故事teach sb a lesson 教训某人team up with sb 和某人分为一组tear down 拆毁ten bucks 十美元That dame! 那个女人!that depends. 那要看情况.that has a familiar ring. 那话听起来很熟悉. that I can't say 这个我不敢肯定That is so! 是这样吗?that makes two of us. 英雄所见略同that settles that 已经安排了,那就算了that should be fun. 那一定会好玩.that sounds better. 这样说才是.that what you say. 这是你说的.（表怀疑）that won't answer. 这解决不了问题that's a good one. 无稽之谈that's a promise i'll hold you to. 是你许下的诺言,我会叫你兑现that's a trade secret. 这是生意人的秘密.that's great. 好极了that's it. 就这样that's more like it. 这才象话.that's more than i can say. 一言难尽that's my…… you're making cracks about. 那是我……,请别拿他开玩笑.that's nothing. 不要紧;小意思that's right down my alley. 那是我最拿手的.that's runs my electric bill up. 使电费增加.that's something. 真是了不起.that's the boy. 好小子（赞美）.that's the spirit. 真有道理.that's the way it is. 事情就是这样的.that's the way it with us. 我们就是这样.that's the whole damned trouble. 这就是所有的麻烦.that's what i came for. 我就是为这个来的.that's what i'm here for. 这是我应该做的.that's what you think. 只有你自己这么想吧.that's your funeral. 此乃阁下之事.thaw out 融化the big time 了不起的事;梦想the crack of down 破晓the dead of winter 严冬the devil in her eye 她眼神具有魅力the die is cast. 一切已成定局.the God's truth 说真的the hustle and bustle 喧嚣气氛the line is busy 通话中;占线the price isn't bad. 不贵.the whole world knows it. 全世界都知道.there goes your phone. 你有电话.there is nothing to it. 太容易了there you are. 这是你要的.there you go again. 你又来这一套了.there's nothing i can do. 爱莫能助there's nothing wrong with me. 我精神很好.they will be very put out. 他们会很生气.they're a drag. 那多讨厌,烦死了.think nothing of it. 不要放在心上.this is a small something for you. 小小礼物,不成敬意this is serious. 我是当真的.this will be my treat. 这顿饭我请客.thorn in one's side. 眼中钉肉中刺thousand and one way 许多办法three sheets in the wind 酒醉threw a party 举行一个宴会thrilled with, be 深受感动;非常高兴throw cold water on 泼冷水throw the bull 胡言乱语tie the knot 结婚till the cows come home 很久times have changed. 时代不同了.to a T 恰好地to and fro 到处to doctor it up with 用……作料拌起来to one's face 当面to the best of my knowledge 据我所知today just isn't my day. 今天运气不佳.Tom, Dick and Harry 一般的人;普通的人too much for sb 使某人承受不了trade in 以旧换新treat sb 请客,招待某人You see what I mean? 你明白我的意思了吗?you should be smart enough. 你应该聪明一点.you stay out of this. 不要插手这件事.you're all mixed up. 你全搞混了.you're confusing your days. 你把日子弄混了.you're putting me on. 你在和我开玩笑.you're ribbing me. 你开我玩笑.you're thoughtful. 你想得真周到.you're way ahead of me. 你讲得那么快,我还没听清呢.your timing is just right. 你来得正好.have ones hands full；be swamped with 表示“很忙”pin sb. down 逼迫某人说出senitation department 卫生部门at no charge 免费big，light 表示饭的“丰盛；多”（big）“清淡；少”（light）pickout truck 货车put aside 储存slip表示分数下滑，dip表示气温下降make time 挤出时间Not if结构You ve got me.你把我难住了。
翻译专业术语汇总翻译专业术语汇总bsolute Trnsltion 绝对翻译bstrct Trnsltiondpttion 改编dequcy 充分[性]djustment 调整esthetic-Poetic Trnsltion 美学诗体翻译gent 经纪人. I. I. C 国际会议口译联合会nlogicl Form 类同形式nlysis 分析ppel-focused Texts 感染型问题本pplied Trnsltion Studies 应用翻译研究rchism/rchicism 古词；废词rchitrnseme (TR) 元译素re-restricted Theories of Trnsltion 关于范围的翻译理论udio-medil Texts 听觉媒介型文本uftrg 托付utomtic Trnsltion 自动翻译utonomy Spectrum 自立幅度utotrnsltion/Self Trnsltion 自译Bbel, Tower of XX别塔Bck-trnsformtion 逆转换Bck Trnsltion 回译Bilterl interpreting 双边传译Bilingul Corporl 双语语料库Bi-text 双文本Blnk Spces 空位Blnk Verse Trnsltion 无韵体翻译Borrowing 借用Clque/Lon Trnsltion 仿造CT (Computer-ided Trnsltion/ Computer-ssisted Trnsltion) 计算机辅助翻译Ctegory Shift 范畴转换Chuchotge 耳语传译Clss Shift 词类转换Close Trnsltion 贴近翻译Coherence 连贯Commission 托付Communiction Lod 传意负荷（又名Informtion Lod 信息负荷）Communictive Trnsltion 传意翻译；交际翻译（又名Communictive pproch [传意途径；交际途径]）Community interpreting 社群传译（又名DilogueInterpreting [对话传译] 、Public Service Interpreting [公共服务传译]）Commuttion 对换Compenstion 补偿Competence 能力Componentil nlysis成分分析Computer-ided Trnsltion 计算机辅助翻译（又名Computer-ssisted Trnsltion；简称CT）Concordnce 一致性Comprehensive Theory 综合理论Conference Interpreting 会议传译Consecutive interpreting 接续传译Constitutive Trnsltionl Conventions 建构性翻译常规Content-derivtive Form 派生内容的形式（又名Orgnic Form [有机形式]）Content-focused Texts 重内容文本Contextul consistency 语境一致Controlled Lnguge 受控语言Conventions 常规Corpor 语料[库]（单数为Corpus）Correspondence 对应Correspondences, Hierrchy of 对应层级Court Interpreting 法庭传译Covert Trnsltion 隐型翻译Cross-temporl Theories of Trnsltion 跨时翻译理论Cross-temporl Trnsltion 跨时翻译Cretive Trnsposition 制造性转换Cretive Treson 制造性叛逆Culturl pproch 文化途径Culturl Trnsltion 文化翻译Culturl Trnsplnttion 文化移植Culturl Trnsposition 文化置换。
术语翻译奉献者Absolute Translation绝对翻译古阿德克〔Gouadec〕Abstract Translation摘要翻译古阿德克〔Gouadec〕Abusive translation滥译路易斯〔Lewis〕Acceptability可承受性托利〔Toury〕Accuracy准确Adaptation改编Adequacy充分性Adjustment调整Analogical Form类同形式霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Analysis分析奈达〔Nida〕和泰伯〔Taber〕Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Architranseme (ATR)元译素·路文兹瓦特〔van Leuven-Zwart〕Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度罗斯〔Rose〕Autotranslation自译波波维奇〔Popovic〕Back Translation回译Bilateral interpreting双边传译凯斯〔Keith〕Class Shift词类转换韩礼德〔Halliday〕Close Translation贴近翻译纽马克〔Newmark〕Communicative Translation传意翻译；交际翻译纽马克〔Newmark〕Community interpreting社群传译Compensation补偿赫维〔Hervey〕Competence能力托利〔Toury〕Componential Analysis语义成分分析奈达〔Nida〕Comprehensive theory综合理论Conference interpreting会议传译Consecutive interpreting接续传译Contextual consistency语境一致奈达〔Nida〕和泰伯〔Taber〕Conventions常规诺德〔Nord〕Corpora语料库Correspondence对应Court interpreting法庭传译Covert translation隐型翻译豪斯〔House〕Creative transposition创造性转换Creative treason创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮〔Robert Escarpi〕Deconstruction解构主义德里达〔Derrida〕Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Differance分延德里达〔Derrida〕Doentary translation文献型翻译诺德〔Nord〕Domesticating translation归化翻译韦努狄〔Venuti〕Dynamic equivalence动态对等奈达〔Nida〕Dynamic fidelity动态忠信比克曼〔Beekman〕和卡洛〔Callow〕Effort models用功模式贾尔〔Gile〕Equivalence对等Excluded receiver非目标承受者皮姆〔Pym〕Exegetic translation诠释性翻译赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Exoticism异国情调赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Expectancy norms期待标准切斯特曼〔Chesterman〕Explicitation明示维纳〔Vinay〕和达尔贝勒纳〔Darbelnet〕Expressive text表情型文本赖斯〔Reiss〕Extraneous form外来形式霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Faithfulness忠实Foreignizing translation异化翻译韦努狄〔Venuti〕Formal corresponding形式对应卡特福德〔Catford〕Formal equivalence形式对等奈达〔Nida〕Free translation自由译Full translation全文翻译General theories of translation普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Gist translation要旨翻译赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Gloss translation释词翻译奈达〔Nida〕Grammatical transposition语法置换赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤斯坦纳〔Steiner〕Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Horizontal translation横向翻译福勒纳〔Folena〕Hyperinformation超额信息赖斯〔Reiss〕和弗米尔〔Vermeer〕Idiomatic translation地道翻译比克曼〔Beekman〕和卡洛〔Callow〕Imitation拟译德莱顿〔Dryden〕、利弗威尔〔Lefevere〕Indeterminacy不确定性Information offer信息提供弗米尔〔Vermeer〕Informative texts信息文本赖斯〔Reiss〕Initial norms初始标准托利〔Toury〕Instrumental translation工具翻译诺德〔Nord〕Integral translation整合翻译·路文兹瓦特〔van Leuven-Zwart〕Interlineal translation隔行翻译赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Interlinear translation逐行翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译雅可布逊〔Jacobson〕Intersemiotic translation符际翻译雅可布逊〔Jacobson〕Intralingual translation语内翻译雅可布逊〔Jacobson〕Intra-system shift系统内转换卡特福德〔Catford〕Inverse translation逆向翻译Kernel sentence核心句Keyword translation关键词翻译古阿德克〔Gouadec〕Level shift层次转换卡特福德〔Catford〕Lexical translation词汇翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Liaison interpreting联络传译凯斯〔Keith〕Linguistic translation语言翻译Literal translation字面翻译；直译Mapping图谱霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Matricial norms矩阵标准托利〔Toury〕Meta-language元语言霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Metatext元文本Mimetic form模仿形式霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Mutation变异·路文兹瓦特〔van Leuven-Zwart〕Naturalness自然性Negative shift负面转换Norms标准Obligatory equivalents必要对等语奈达〔Nida〕Oblique translation曲径翻译维纳〔Vinay〕和达尔贝勒纳〔Darbelnet〕Operational model操作模式巴斯盖特〔Bathgate〕Operational norms操作标准托利〔Toury〕Optional equivalents可换对等语奈达〔Nida〕Overlapping translation重合翻译赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Overt translation显型翻译豪斯〔House〕Overtranslation超额翻译维纳〔Vinay〕和达尔贝勒纳〔Darbelnet〕Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等波波维奇〔Popovic〕Paraphrase释译德莱顿〔Dryden〕Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Participative receiver参与型承受者皮姆〔Pym〕Particularizing translation具体化翻译赫维〔Hervey〕和希金斯〔Higgins〕Performance运用托利〔Toury〕Phonemic translation音素翻译利弗威尔〔Lefevere〕Phonological translation音位翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Pivot language中枢语言Polysystem theory多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔〔Even-Zohar〕Pragmatic Approach语用途径Pragmatic translation语用翻译Preliminary norms预先标准托利〔Toury〕Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究托利〔Toury〕Primary translation首级翻译迪勒〔Diller〕和康纳留斯〔Kornelius〕Problem-restricted theories oftranslation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Process-oriented translation theories过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Product-oriented translation studies成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Professional norms翻译标准切斯特曼〔Chesterman〕Prospective translation前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特〔Postgate〕Prototext原型文本波波维奇〔Popovic〕Pseudotranslation伪翻译Pure language纯语言沃尔特·本雅明〔Walter Benjamin〕Radical translation原始翻译奎因〔Quine〕Rank-bound translation级阶受限翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Realia独有特征弗拉科夫〔Vlakhov〕和弗罗林〔Florin〕Receptor language承受语奈达〔Nida〕和泰伯〔Taber〕Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译古阿德克〔Gouadec〕Redundancy冗余奈达〔Nida〕Refraction折射利弗威尔〔Lefevere〕Regulative translational conventions规约性翻译常规诺德〔Nord〕Relay interpreting转接传译Repertoreme知识库要素托利〔Toury〕Resistancy阻抗韦努狄〔Venuti〕Restricted translation受限翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Restructuring重组奈达〔Nida〕和泰伯〔Taber〕Retrospective translation后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特〔Postgate〕Rewriting重写利弗威尔〔Lefevere〕Rhymed translation韵体翻译利弗威尔〔Lefevere〕Secondary translation二级翻译迪勒〔Diller〕和康纳留斯〔Kornelius〕Selective translation选译古阿德克〔Gouadec〕Semantic disambiguation语义消歧Semantic translation语义翻译纽马克〔Newmark〕Serial translation序列翻译卡塞格兰德〔Casagrande〕Service translation效劳型翻译纽马克〔Newmark〕Sight translation视译Signed language translation手语传译Simultaneous interpreting同声传译Skopos theory目的论赖斯〔Reiss〕和弗米尔〔Vermeer〕Source language源语Source text源文本Source text-oriented translationstudies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification具体化Structure shift构造转换卡特福德〔Catford〕Stylistic equivalence文体对等Target language目标语Term banks术语库Terminology术语Text typology文本类型学Textual equivalence文本对等卡特福德〔Catford〕Textual norms文本标准托利〔Toury〕Thick translation增量翻译阿皮尔〔Appiah〕Think-aloud translation有声思维记录Third code第三语码弗劳利〔Frawley〕Time-restricted theories of translation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯〔Holmes〕Total translation完全翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Transcription注音Transeme译素·路文兹瓦特〔van Leuven-Zwart〕Transfer转移Transference迁移卡特福德〔Catford〕Translatability可译性Translationese翻译体Translatorial action译者行为赫尔兹·曼塔里〔Justa Holz-Manttari〕Transliteration音译Transposition置换维纳〔Vinay〕和达尔贝勒纳〔Darbelnet〕Unbounded translation不受限翻译卡特福德〔Catford〕Undertranslation欠额翻译纽马克〔Newmark〕Unit of translation翻译单位Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency词语一致Verifiability可核实性赖斯〔Reiss〕和弗米尔〔Vermeer〕Vertical translation纵向翻译福勒纳Voids空缺Whispered interpreting耳语传译Writer-oriented machine translation作者取向机器翻译。
二十个翻译术语解释1.归化：“采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译语语文化”【Lawrence Venuti】即在翻译中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来作品。
归化法要求译者向译语读者靠拢，采取译语读者习惯的译语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。
归化的目的是力求译文通顺易懂，能为译语读者所接受。
2.异化：“对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境”【Lawrence Venuti】异化法要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者使用的原语表达方式，来传达原文的内容。
“（翻译）必须有异国情调，就是所谓的洋气”【鲁迅】异化可以很好的保留或传递原文文化内涵，但对不熟悉源语的读者而言阅读有一定难度。
3.语际翻译：（interlingual translation）。
两种（或多种）语言在它们共同构成的跨语言语境中进行的意义交流。
语际翻译更关注如何在更为广阔的地平域和更广阔的（跨）文化天地中实现异质语言的相互对接和转换----以意义为标尺，以交流为目的的语符转换。
对地域性的倾向。
（简单来说，语际翻译就是不同语际之间的翻译活动）4.语内翻译：(intralingual translation)某一种语言内部为着某种目的进行的词句意义的转换。
语内翻译总是把经典的或非经典的历史文本当作转化的对象，并且以译者所在场的文化语境为标尺师徒把历史文本改造为现代文本。
对历史性的关注。
（简单来说就是同一语言的各个语言变体之间的翻译）5.连续传译：又称“交替传译”或“即席口译”，简称“连传”或“交传”，它是在发言人讲完部分内容或全部内容后，由译员进行翻译。
这种口译方式可以在很多场合下采用，如演讲、祝辞、授课、谈判、情况介绍会、会议发言、新闻发布会等。
一般认为，连续传译的正式职业化是在第一次世界大战后，1919年的“巴黎和会”上大批量地正式使用连续传译。
6.同声传译：（simultaneous interpretation）简称同传，又称同声翻译、同步口译。
常用词语汇编公共揭示用语爱护公共财物Protect (or: Take Care of) Public Property 办公时间：上午8时——下午4时Office Hours: 8: 00 a.m. —4: 00 p.m.保持干燥Keep Dry报纸阅后请放回原处Replace the News Papers After Reading 本地区内放置有老鼠药Rats Bane Has Been Placed in This Area 本店不收信用券(卡) We Accept No Credit Card本票有效期为三天This Ticket Is Valid for Three Days本校教职工专用Reserved for Faculty便后冲洗便池Flush the Toilet Bowl After Using It不得触摸，后果自负Handle at your Own Risk不得人内Keep out不得随地吐痰Don’t Spit on (upon) the Floor不许在门口通道处堆放任何障碍物Keep This Doorway Free of Obstruction 不准采摘花果Don’t Pick flowers and Fruit不准超车No Passing (Permitted), No Overtaking 不准赤脚No Barefeet不准抽烟No Smoking (Smoking Not Allowed)不准调头No U-Turn不准砍伐树木Don’t Fe ll Trees /Felling Trees Forbidden 不准乱扔烟头No Cigarette Disposal不准停车No Parking不准违章行车No Driving Against Traffic Regulations 不准小贩叫卖No Hawkers不准携带食物和饮料人内No Food or Drinks to Be Brought in不准携犬入内No Dogs不准在此打柴Firewood Collecting Not Permitted不准在此停留No Standing不准在此涂写No Scribbling不准在此吐痰，违者罚款5元No Spitting (Spitting Forbidden),Offenders to Be Fined 5 Dollars不准在此招贴违者罚款Post No Bills, Stickers Will Be Fined不准招贴No Bills (Circulars)厕所由此去This Way to the Toilet厕所暂停使用W. C. Closed超车道Overtake Line(车、船等)开往武汉For Wuhan车辆未经批准不得人内No Entry for Unauthorized Vehicles此处不能出去No Way Out此地不准骑车No Bike Riding此端向上This Side Up此房出租House to Let此路不通Blocks (Blocked)此路通往长沙To Changsha此门不通Closed单(双)行道One-Way (or: Two-Way) Traffic当心触电Ware Live Wire电梯待修Elevator Out of Service陡坡上爬Steep climb陡坡下降Steep Descent对号入座Seat by Number非公莫入No Admittance Except on Business本店(处)人员专用Only Employees (or: Staff)非卖品Not for Sale缝纫机出租Sewing Machine for Rent妇幼免费入场Children and Women Admitted Free妇幼优先(入场，上车等) Children and Women First概不出借Not for Loan购物请先按铃Ring Bell for Service顾客止步Customers Please Refrain from Entering This Area红灯亮时请停车Stop on Red (Signal)欢迎(谢绝)参观Inspections Welcome (Declined)欢迎参观，可不购物Feel Free to Browse Around, You Are Under No Obligation to Buy欢迎批评建议Criticisms and Suggestions Welcome即修即取Instant Repairs假日休息(重要会议)，停止营业Closed for Holiday (Important Meeting)减速行驶Reduce Speed Now检查武器后方许人内Check All Weapons Before Entering节约用电Save (on) Power节约用水Economize on Water今天不营业No Business Today仅供参观For Inspection Only紧急停车道Emergency Parking Strip谨防恶犬Be Aware of Furious Dogs禁止并行骑车 A Breast Cycling Prohibited禁止人内Off Limits禁止损坏花木Forbidden to Injure Flowers and Trees禁止通行Closed to Traffic禁止通行No Thoroughfare禁止无照行车Driving Without License Is Forbidden禁止在此小便(此处不准堆放垃圾) Commit No Nuisance静Silence来客请登记Please Sign the Guest Register留给教师专用Reserved for Teachers满座(客满) Full (or: All Full, Full House, Full Up)门往外(内)开Door Swings Out (In)免票入场Admittance Free灭火箱Fire Hydrant Box灭火专用For Use Only in Case of Fire鸣笛Sound Horn莫触高压电缆Don’t Touch High-Tension Wire内有空调，请关好门窗Air Conditioned Areas, Please Keep the Doors and WindowsClosed内有照片，请勿折压Photographs, Please Don’t Bend内有照片Photos Enclosed票(证)仅当日有效Ticket Good Only on the Day of Issue票售出后，不退不换Tickets Cannot Be Exchanged, nor Money Refunded 凭柬入场Admission by Invitation Card Alone凭票入场Admission by Ticket Only凭票入场(上车) Ticket Holders Only骑自行车出入请下车Cyclists Please Dismount at the Gate前面连续转弯Consecutive Curves Ahead前面施工Workmen (Construction) Ahead钱款请当面点清，出门后本店概不负责Please Check and See if the Money Is Right,We are not Responsible After You Leave the Store切勿近火(受热、受潮) Keep Away from Fire (Heat, Moisture)轻拿轻放Handle Gently请保留招贴Please Save (Leave) the Bill请备零钱购票Please Pay Exact Fare请出示证件Please Show Your Papers (or: Credentials)请等候安排入座Please Wait to Be Seated请付现金(人民币) Please Pay in Cash (in RMB)请靠左走Keep (to the ) Left请莫触摸展品Please Do Not Touch the Exhibits请排队购票Line (Queue) Up for Tickets请随手关门Please Shut the Door After You请脱鞋(Take) Off (Your) Shoes, No Shoes, Off Shoes请往后站Stand Back请勿把物品堆放在此通道处(交叉路口) Keep This Passageway (Intersection) Clear请勿把纸丢人马桶Please Don’t Throw Paper Towel into Toilet请勿打扰(喂食给)动物Don’t Tease (Feed) the Animal请勿倒立Keep Top Side Up请勿动手Please Keep Hands Off请勿靠近Keep Away请勿用手摸展品Hands Off the Exhibits请勿越过栏杆Do Not Proceed Beyond Rail请先擦去鞋上的泥尘后进来Wipe Your Shoes and Boots Before Entering请先敲门Knock请向后拉Pull请向前推Push请用皮带牵住狗Dogs Must Be Kept On the Leash (Lead)请在此处付款Please Pay Here请注意以上影片上映时间Watch Out for the Showing Times of These Pictures全部书籍均作参考用，不得拿出室外All Books for Reference Not to be Taken Out of the Room人行通道不准骑自行车Footpath Only, No Cycling Allowed人走关灯Turn Off the Light Before (or: As) You Leave如遇火警，请按电铃In Case of Fire Ring the Alarm Bell商品按价打九折Ten Per Cent Discount off the Prices of Goods商品退换须有完整包装和出售发票No Refunds or Exchanges Without CompleteFactory Packing and Sales Slip上面施工注意安全Danger, Men Working Overhead上下楼梯时请小心Watch Your Step on Stairs身高一米以下的儿童免费入场Children Under One Meter Admitted Free收费站Toll Bar (or: Gate)私室Private死胡同Dead End (Lane)速度限制：30公里/小时Speed Limit: 30km/h损坏公物要赔Pay for Public Property You Damage特大车辆从右边出Oversize Vehicles Exit Right提早收市Early Closing Day吐痰入盂Spit Into the Spittoon外出Out外国人无特殊许可证请止Out of Bounds for Foreigners Without Special Permits外人止步Staff Members Only危险，有电缆通过Danger, Cable Cross未经护士许可不得入内Check(ing) With Nurse Before Entering未经准许，不准拍照No Unauthorized Photography无出人证不许人内No Admittance Without a pass无人占用Vacant勿踩草地Don’t Trample on Grass勿乱扔脏物Take Your Litter With You勿让儿童靠近此地Keep Out of Reach of Children勿踏草地Keep off the Grass (Lawn)勿用挂钩Use No Hooks物件破损须赔偿Any Damages or Breakages Must be Paid for物件自理，如有遗失，概不负责We Accept No Responsibility for the Loss of Anything 物品损坏照价赔偿Pay Full Price for Anything Damaged下班时间Time’s Over闲人免人，违者法办Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted向右转Turn Right小心玻璃Glass, Attention小心火车Stop, Look and Listen小心轻放Handle With Care小心有毒Poison, With Care小心着火See to (or: Guard Against, Beware of) Fire谢绝参观Not Open to Visitors谢绝参观Visitors Declined (Not Admitted)行车道Drive Line修理店面，暂停营业Closed During (or: for) Repairs修理东西，随修随取Repairs Done While You Wait学校附近禁止鸣笛School About, No Honking (or: No Horn)严禁(不准)在此打枪(洗澡、游泳、打猎、捕鱼、钓鱼、打柴) Shooting (Bathing, Swimming,Hunting, Fishing, Angling,Firewood Collecting) Forbidden(Prohibited, Not Allowed)严禁拍照Cameras Forbidden严禁吸烟，违者罚款5美元Smoking Prohibited Under a Penalty of 5 Yuan for Any offence 演出(放映)时请勿谈话No Talking During the Show演出进行时不得入场Late Comers Will Not Be Ushered in Until the Interval演出延期举行，入场券继续有效Show Postponed, Tickets Remain Valid夜间有事，请按此铃Night Bell一慢、二看、三通过Slow Down, Look Around, Cross医院附近，保持安静Silence, Hospital About已经预订(约) Reserved易燃物品请勿近火Inflammables—Keep Away From Fire用毕放回架上Please Return to Rack After Use油漆未干Wet (or: Fresh) Paint (or: Varnish)有人占用Engaged (or Taken)月底盘存，暂不营业Stow Away from Boiler暂停营业Business Temporarily Suspended展品For Display (Show)展品暂缺Exhibits Temporarily Off (Empty) 招贴即撕Posters Will Be Torn Down照常营业Business as Usual只准从左边超车Pass (on the ) Left Only中速行驶，安全礼让Drive at Moderate Speed, Yield Right of Wa y for Safety’s Sake昼夜营业Round-the-Clock Business注意不要丢失东西Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 注意车辆转弯Caution, Buses Turning注意儿童，车辆缓行Watch Children About注意公共卫生Pay Attention to Public Hygiene注意前面急转弯Attention, Sharp Turn Ahead抓住扶手Hold on Handrail专卖啤酒、烈酒Licensed to Sell Beers and Spirits自行车不得带人No Cycling Double自行车出租Bike for Hire公共场所名称(Names of Public Places)餐厅Dinner Hall厕所W. C. (or: Lavatory)车库Garage出口Exit (or: Way Out)出口由此去To Exit传达室Gate House倒垃圾处Dump动物园Zoo服务台Room Service工人体育场Workers’ Stadium候车(机、船)室Waiting Room接待室(处) Reception Office禁止停车Parking Forbidden酒吧Bar宽银幕影院Wide-Screen Cinema旅客(顾客)留言Visitors’ (or: Customers’) Book马戏场(杂戏场) Circus男(厕所) (For) Gentlemen女(厕所) (For) Ladies人口Entrance (Or: Entry, Way In)失物招领处Lost and Found Department收发室Dispatchers’ Office售票处Ticket (or: Booking) Office太平门Emergency Door体育馆Gymnasium (Gym)停车场Parking Place文化宫Cultural Palace问讯处Inquiries (or: Inquiry Office)问讯台Information Desk舞厅Dancing Hall吸烟区Smoking Area小卖部Shop行李存放处Luggage Declaration行李领取处Luggage Claim行李申报处Luggage Declaration休息处(室) Lounge夜间服务窗Night-Service Window衣帽(存放)间Cloak (or: Check) Room意见箱Complaint Box游艺厅(室) Recreation Room (House)游泳池Swimming Pool展览馆Exhibition Hall植物园Botanical Garden自行车存放处Bike Park报刊板报用语(Expressions Used for Blackboard news)编辑Editor编者按语editor’s note标题headline表扬栏columns of praise大众科学popular science党团活动Party and League activities该文全文如下：The full text of the article is as follows该文摘要如下The article reads in part as follows:格言谚语maxims and proverbs更正(启事) corrections广告advertisement好人好事栏good people and good deeds欢迎投稿contributions welcome环球新闻，国际新闻around the world记者correspondent简讯news in brief建议栏columns of suggestions刊(报)头masthead刊头画front picture来稿来信寄本报编辑部Contributions and letters should be sent to the editorial staff.谜语riddles批评栏columns of criticism评论commentary评论员commentator社论editorial失物招领栏lost and found书评book review提问箱question box体育消息sports news通栏标题banner headline通讯员reporter文艺栏literary columns文娱活动recreational activities问答栏questions and answers下面发表一篇论学习的文章We publish below an article on study (The following is an article on study)下面转载他的文章。
