ASTM D3363 铅笔硬度测试

标准号：D3363－00铅笔硬度的标准检测方法1本标准是以固定号D3363发布的：直接跟随该编号后的数字表示最初正式通过的年份，或在修订情况下表示最近修订的年份。

括号内数字表示最近重新批准的年份。

标题上小的数字表示因最近修订或重新批准而编辑的变化。

1．适用范围1.1 本检测方法涉及利用已知硬度的绘图铅条或铅笔芯，迅速而廉价地确定基底上有机涂敷料膜层硬度的程序。

1.2 本检测方法内容上与ISO15184相似（但非技术上相同）。

1.3 用国际单位制单位表示的量值，都被认为符合标准。

括号内所给出的值仅供参考。

1.4 在涉及本标准的使用时，即使有安全事宜，但本标准无意提出所有安全问题。

在本标准使用前，建立合适的安全与健康措施和确定规章限定的适用性，都是本标准使用者的责任。

2．参考文件2.1 其它标准ISO15184用铅笔芯试验对膜层硬度的确定2。

3．检测方法概要3.1 将有敷涂层的平板放置在水平的稳固表面上。

把夹牢的铅笔对着膜层成45°角（笔端向离开操作者方向）并向离开操作者的方向推压出6.5mm(1.4in.)的划程。

该过程是用最硬铅笔开始，接着降低硬度等级，持续到出现两种最终笔端之一：其一，未刻入膜层或在其上划出槽的铅笔（铅笔硬度）；其二在膜层上划不出划痕的铅笔（划痕硬度）。

4．含义与效用4.1 铅笔芯硬度测量由涂料工业用来测定清洁而着色的有机涂料膜层的硬度已经多年。

本检测方法还用来确定这些涂料的固化，尤其用加热加强干燥时。

4.2 本检测方法对单一实验室的开发工作和生产管理检测尤其有用。

应该承认在不同实验室采用不同的铅笔以及平板时，所得结果会有改变。

应尽力使所用的铅芯硬度和所遵循的技术标准化。

4.3 如果采用本检测方法作为购货合同的依据，那么若供需双方一致同意用一套给定的仲裁铅笔，就会得到最高精度。

5．装备5.1 一套符合如下硬度等级且已校准的绘图铅条（首选）或已校准的等效木质铅笔：6B－5B－4B－3B－2B－B－HB－F－H－2H－3H－4H－5H－6H较软较硬1本方法标准属ASTM“油漆与有关涂料，材料，和应用”的D－1委员会的管理权，并由“涂料膜层的物理性质”的D01.23分委会直接负责。

by cementing the abrasive paper to a flat motor-driven disk.Bysupporting the pencil at 90°to the rotating disk a uniform flatlead end may be obtained more reproducibly.7.2Place the coated panel on a level,firm,horizontalsurface.Starting with the hardest lead,hold the pencil or leadholder firmly with the lead against the film at a 45°angle (pointaway from the operator)and push away from the operator.Exert sufficient uniform pressure downward and forward eitherto cut or scratch the film or to crumble the edge of the lead.Itis suggested that the length of the stroke be 6.5mm (1⁄4in.).7.3Repeat the process down the hardness scale until apencil is found that will not cut through the film to the substrate(either metal or a previous coat)for a distance of at least 3mm(1⁄8in.)(see 8.1.1).N OTE 1—The operator must watch closely for cutting into or scratchingthe film.Some finishes contain compounds that may tend to lubricate thefilm.Checks should be made by close visual inspection and by fingernailfeel.N OTE 2—In conducting the test,if the sharp edge of the lead is slightlychipped or crumbled,the lead must be resharpened.7.4Continue the process until a pencil is found that will neither cut through nor scratch the surface of the film.Any defacement of the film other than a cut (gouge)is considered a scratch.Record each end point (if applicable)for gouge and scratch hardness (see 8.1).N OTE 3—With some films,the two end points will be identical.7.5Make a minimum of two determinations for gouge hardness (7.3)and scratch hardness (7.4)for each pencil or lead.8.Report 8.1Report the following information:8.1.1The two end points as follows:8.1.1.1Gouge Hardness —The hardest pencil that will leave the film uncut for a stroke length of at least 3mm (1⁄8in.).8.1.1.2Scratch Hardness —The hardest pencil that will not rupture or scratch the film.8.1.2The make and grade of lead or pencil used,and 8.1.3Any deviation from standard conditions,including roughness in the finish.9.Precision and Bias 9.1Precision —In an interlaboratory test of this test method with three different films on panels,ten laboratories and operators,and repeated by switching leads and panels between laboratories,the within-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 0.52and the between-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 0.61.Based on these standard deviations,the following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at a 95%confidence level:9.1.1Repeatability —Two results obtained by two operators within a laboratory using the same pencils and panels should beconsidered suspect if they differ by more than one pencil uniton the scale described in 5.1.9.1.2Reproducibility —Two results,each the mean of atleast two determinations,obtained by operators in differentlaboratories using the same pencils and panels or differentpencils with the same panels should be considered suspect ifthey differ by more than one pencil unit on the scale describedin 5.1.9.1.3Bias —Since there is no acceptable material suitablefor determining the bias for the procedure in this test methodfor measuring pencil hardness,bias cannot be determined.10.Keywords10.1hardness (scratch);pencil hardness The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。

Designation:D3363–05(Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forFilm Hardness by Pencil Test 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3363;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This test method covers a procedure for rapid,inexpen-sive determination of the film hardness of an organic coating on a substrate in terms of drawing leads or pencil leads of known hardness.1.2This test method is similar in content (but not techni-cally equivalent)to ISO 15184.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents 2.1Other Standards:ISO 15184Determination of film hardness by pencil test.23.Summary of Test Method3.1A coated panel is placed on a firm horizontal surface.The pencil is held firmly against the film at a 45°angle (point away from the operator)and pushed away from the operator in a 6.5-mm (1⁄4-in.)stroke.The process is started with the hardest pencil and continued down the scale of hardness to either of two end points:one,the pencil that will not cut into or gouge the film (pencil hardness),or two,the pencil that will not scratch the film (scratch hardness).4.Significance and Use4.1Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness ofclear and pigmented organic coating films.This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings,especially when forced dried using heat.4.2This test method is especially useful in developmental work and in production control testing in a single laboratory.It should be recognized that the results obtained may vary between different laboratories when different pencils as well as panels are used.Every effort should be made to standardize the hardness of the lead used and the technique followed.4.3If this test method is used as a basis for purchase agreement,maximum precision will be achieved if a given set of referee pencils be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.5.Apparatus5.1A set of calibrated drawing leads (preferred)or equiva-lent calibrated wood pencils meeting the following scale of hardness:6B 25B 24B 23B 22B 2B 2HB 2F 2H 22H 23H 24H 25H 26HSofter Harder(1)The difference between two adjacent leads shall be consid-ered one unit of hardness.5.2Mechanical Lead Holder ,for drawing leads if used.5.3Mechanical Sharpener ,draftsman-type,is helpful for trimming wood pencils if used.5.4Abrasive Paper ,grit No.400.6.Test Specimens and Conditions6.1Apply the surface coating by appropriate means to a smooth rigid substrate and cure properly,or use representative panels cut from coated stock.The panels used,the curing conditions,and the age of the coating prior to the test shall be within the limits agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.2The film thickness of the coating shall be as specified or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.3Conduct the test at 2362°C (73.563.5°F)and 5065%relative humidity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01on Paint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published June 2011.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2005as D3363–05.DOI:10.1520/D3363-05R11.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI),25W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.7.Procedure7.1For wood pencils,remove approximately 5to 6mm (3⁄16to 1⁄4in.)of wood from the point of each pencil using a draftsman-type mechanical sharpener,being careful to leave an undisturbed,unmarked,smooth cylinder of lead.Holding the pencil holder (when using drawing leads)at an angle of 90°to the abrasive paper,rub the lead against the paper maintaining an exact angle of 90°to the abrasive paper until a flat,smooth and circular cross section is obtained,free of chips or nicks in the edge of the cross section.For wood pencils,see Fig.1for an illustration.For mechanical pencil holders with drawing leads,see Fig.2as the illustration.The desired edge may be obtained by cementing the abrasive paper to a flat motor-driven disk.By supporting the pencil at 90°to the rotating disk a uniform flat lead end may be obtained more reproducibly.7.2For wood pencils,remove approximately 5to 6mm (3⁄16to 1⁄4in.)of wood from the point of each pencil using a draftsman-type mechanical sharpener,being careful to leave an undisturbed,unmarked,smooth cylinder of lead.Holding the pencil holder (when using drawing leads)at an angle of 90°to the abrasive paper,rub the lead against the paper maintaining an exact angle of 90°to the abrasive paper until a flat,smooth and circular cross section is obtained,free of chips or nicks in the edge of the cross section.The desired edge may be obtained by cementing the abrasive paper to a flat motor-driven disk.By supporting the pencil at 90°to the rotating disk a uniform flat lead end may be obtained more reproducibly.7.3Place the coated panel on a level,firm,horizontal surface.Starting with the hardest lead,hold the pencil or lead holder firmly with the lead against the film at a 45°angle (point away from the operator)and push away from the operator.Exert sufficient uniform pressure downward and forward either to cut or scratch the film or to crumble the edge of the lead.It is suggested that the length of the stroke be 6.5mm (1⁄4in.).7.4Repeat the process down the hardness scale until a pencil is found that will not cut through the film to the substrate (either metal or a previous coat)for a distance of at least 3mm (1⁄8in.)(see 8.1.1).N OTE 1—The operator must watch closely for cutting into or scratching the film.Some finishes contain compounds that may tend to lubricate the film.Checks should be made by close visual inspection and by fingernail feel.N OTE 2—In conducting the test,if the sharp edge of the lead is slightly chipped or crumbled,the lead must be resharpened.7.5Continue the process until a pencil is found that will neither cut through nor scratch the surface of the film.Any defacement of the film other than a cut (gouge)is considered a scratch.Record each end point (if applicable)for gouge and scratch hardness (see 8.1).N OTE 3—With some films,the two end points will be identical.7.6Make a minimum of two determinations for gouge hardness (7.4)and scratch hardness (7.5)for each pencil or lead.8.Report8.1Report the following information:8.1.1The two end points as follows:8.1.1.1Gouge Hardness —The hardest pencil that will leave the film uncut for a stroke length of at least 3mm (1⁄8in.).8.1.1.2Scratch Hardness —The hardest pencil that will not rupture or scratch the film.8.1.2The make and grade of lead or pencil used,and8.1.3Any deviation from standard conditions,including roughness in the finish.9.Precision and Bias9.1Precision —In an interlaboratory test of this test method with three different films on panels,ten laboratories and operators,and repeated by switching leads and panels between laboratories,the within-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 0.52and the between-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 0.61.Based on these standard deviations,the following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at a 95%confidence level:9.1.1Repeatability —Two results obtained by two operators within a laboratory using the same pencils and panels should be considered suspect if they differ by more than one pencil unit on the scale described in 5.1.9.1.2Reproducibility —Two results,each the mean of at least two determinations,obtained by operators in different laboratories using the same pencils and panels or different pencils with the same panels should be considered suspect if they differ by more than one pencil unit on the scale described in 5.1.9.1.3Bias —Since there is no acceptable material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method for measuring pencil hardness,bias cannot be determined.10.Keywords10.1hardness (scratch);pencilhardnessFIG.1View of Wood Pencil afterSharpeningFIG.2View of Mechanical Holder with Sharpened DrawingLead2--``,,,,``,,```,`,,,,`,```,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3363–00)that may impact the use of this standard.(1)Figs.1and2were added to make it clearer to the user ofthis standard how the trimmed wood from wood pencil andgeometry of the lead tip should appear.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website(/COPYRIGHT/).3--` ` , , , , ` ` , , ` ` ` , ` , , , , ` , ` ` ` , , ` ` , -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---。

铅笔硬度测试介绍随着国际贸易的不断发展，中国成为世界性的加工厂，迫切的需要用国际上统一的标准来检验产品的质量。

涂料行业也如此。

铅笔硬度测试是涂料行业检验涂层机械强度的一种重要的测试方法，其测试结果则是衡量涂料产品质量好坏的重要指标。

通过在涂层上推压已知硬度标号的铅笔，以没有使涂层出现3mm及以上划痕的最硬的铅笔的硬度，称为铅笔硬度。

现行的标准有ISO 15184-1998，GB/T 6739-2006，ASTM D3363-2011...等都是关于铅笔硬度的标准，虽然标准之间有所不同，但大致的测试方法均相差不远。

本文将以GB/T6739-2006为基础来介绍铅笔硬度测试。

1. 测试仪器示意图1——橡胶O型圈 2——铅笔 3——底材 4——水平仪 5——小的，可拆卸的砝码6——夹子 7——一起移动的方向 8——铅笔芯 9——漆膜2. 铅笔削好后的示意图3. 铅笔标号示意图9B—8B—7B—6B—5B—4B—3B—2B—B—HB—F—H—2H—3H—4H—5H—6H—7H—8H—9H 较软————————————————————————————————————较硬4. 测试铅笔的供应选择华南/华中区 South/Central China:深圳市宝安区70区鸿威工业园C 栋Tel: 0755-3368 1551 E-mail: reliability@ 上海市浦东新区龙东大道3000号张江集电港8号楼109021-3393 9970 reliability@ 华东区 East China :苏州市相城区澄阳路3286号Tel: 0512-6759 8022 E-mail: reliability@ E -mail : reliability @cti -cert .com华东区 East China : Tel: E-mail: 华北区 North China :北京市丰台区南四环西路188号15区5号楼10层Tel: 010-6370 4161 E -mail : reliability @cti -cert .com 香港Hong Kong ：香港九龙荔枝角长顺街18号，华盛工业大厦7楼B 2室Tel :852-2743 2128 ©CTI 使用的第三方内容外，版权均属CTI 所有。