2020年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意习题(3)

2020年职称英语卫生类概括大意考试模拟题(3)ParisParis, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.In the late 1980s about 4.1million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually atuniversities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always bee drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph2_________.2. Paragraph3_________.3. Paragraph4_________.4. Paragraph5_________.A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population grownD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration5. Paris has in history been the center of___________.6. Since the 10th century, the population ofParis__________.7. Many valuable works of art_________.8. Paris is not only the center of education of France , but also the center_____________.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the country's industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatersE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly答案1. C2. E3. D4. B5. B6. E7. A8. C。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类模拟套题一：概括大意第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个准确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4Global Warming1 Smoke is clouding our view of global warming,protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse （温室） effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses. 2 This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish 4scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）. 3 IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols （浮质）of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight andcounteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide （二氧化物）emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over th e past century would have been 0.8℃ without aerosols. 4 But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher－aerosols mayhave reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8℃. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed. 5 As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.23 Paragraph 2_______24 Paragraph 3_______25 Paragraph 4 ______26 Paragraph 5_______A Atmospheric ScientistsB The Calculations Made at the Berlin WorkshopC The Previous Calculations of the Effect of AerosolsD The Scientists' AgreementE The Authoritative ConclusionF Greenhouse Gases27 When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature__________ . 28 The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop__________. 29 The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure__________. 30 The increase of greenhouse gases__________.A will influence future climate changeB was somewhat surprisingC will rise rapidlyD was known to us allE was much higher than had been expectedF will drop dramatically参考答案：23 E 第二段讲了在柏林的达勒姆的一个研讨会上得到了这个引人注目的结论。

2020年职称英语卫生类模拟试题：概括大意2020年职称英语卫生类模拟试题：概括大意Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to thefar larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique”for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is arisk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”练习：1.Paragraph 2 ________________2.Paragraph 3 ________________3.Paragraph 4 ________________4.Paragraph 5 ________________A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE Treatment of CancersF Factors That Trigger Cancers5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________________.6.Advantages of screening women under 50are________________.7.Delaying the age at which screening startsmay________________.8.Radiation exposure should be ________________.A be costlyB harmfulC save a lifeD still open to debateE reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF reduced to the minimum答案与题解：1.A A说的是：用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。

2020年职称英语卫生类C级概括大意历年真题及解析2020年真题Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak.Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contacted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak：Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contacting the virus isvirtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Spbcifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contacting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or aslate as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms includedisgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.This causes an over-stimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注), ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.23. Paragraph 2 __________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. Am I at risk of contacting the virus?B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?C. How do I know ifI have contacted the virus?D. What areas are currently affected?E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?27. The initial Ebola outbreak was found in28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses liesin__________.29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear __________.30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with __________.A. infected body fluidsB. against the outbreak severityC. the mode of transmissionD. the initial days of being infectedE. three countries in West AfricaF. within a wide range of days2020年真题Eye Problems1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts ( 白内障).2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means moreshort-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线)are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye.Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision andeventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. M/re/lle Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.4 It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which results from staring at a screen.23. Paragraph 2 __________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 5 __________26. Paragraph 6 __________A. The development of poor night visionB. The greatest threat to the eyesC. The function of sunglassesD. The reason for children's nearsightednessE. The effects of computer on the eyesF. The ways to reduce eve comolaints27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of__________.28. We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect ___________.29. We used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from __________.30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to __________.A. our parentsB. clouded visionC. eye musclesD. our eyesE. computer useF. eye move2020年真题Traffic Jams--No End in Sight1 Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities acrossboth the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seemsto work： Singapore, London and Stockholm have reducedtraffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staffto telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars offthe road altogether.4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded "citystreets. But such techniques do not really keep cars offthe road; they only accommodate more of them.Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.23. Paragraph 1 __________24. Paragraph 2__________25. Paragraph 3 ___________26. Paragraph 4 __________A. Paying to get inB. Changing work practiceC. Not doing enoughD. A solution which is no solutionE. Closing city centres to trafficF. A global problem27. Most American drivers think it convenient to__________.28. If charged high enough, some drivers may __________to enter certain parts of town.29. Building more roads is not an effective way to__________.30. The U. S. government has planned to__________updating public-transport systems.A. reduce traffic jamsB. drive aroundC. go by busD. spend more moneyE. travel regularlyF. encourage more private cars答案与解析2020年真题23．D。