专业英语-隧道施工专业名词

第1篇1. 盾构（Shield）：一种在钢壳体保护下完成隧道掘进、拼装作业的机电一体化设备，由主机和后配套设备组成。

2. 工作井（Working shaft）：盾构组装、拆卸、调头、吊运管片和出碴土等使用的竖井，包括盾构始发工作井、盾构接收工作井等。

3. 盾构始发（Shield launching）：盾构开始掘进的施工过程。

4. 盾构接收（Shield arrival）：盾构到达接收位置的施工过程。

5. 盾构基座（Shield cradle）：用于支撑盾构机在掘进过程中的稳定装置。

6. 隧道衬砌（Tunnel lining）：隧道内壁的支护结构，包括初期支护和二次衬砌。

7. 初期支护（Primary support）：在隧道开挖过程中，为了确保围岩稳定而采取的临时性支护措施。

8. 二次衬砌（Secondary lining）：在初期支护的基础上，为了提高隧道结构整体性和耐久性而进行的永久性支护。

9. 盾构掘进（Shield excavation）：盾构机在掘进过程中，通过切割、挖掘和出土等工序完成隧道开挖的施工过程。

10. 盾构出土（Shield excavation spoil）：盾构机在掘进过程中，从隧道内挖掘出土并运出隧道外的土体。

11. 隧道通风（Tunnel ventilation）：为了保障隧道内施工人员和设备的安全，采取的通风措施，包括自然通风和机械通风。

12. 隧道照明（Tunnel lighting）：为了保证隧道内施工人员和设备的安全，采取的照明措施，包括临时照明和永久照明。

13. 隧道排水（Tunnel drainage）：为了排除隧道内积水，采取的排水措施，包括暗挖排水和明挖排水。

14. 隧道监测（Tunnel monitoring）：在隧道施工过程中，对围岩、支护结构、隧道内部环境等进行的监测，以确保施工安全和质量。

15. 隧道施工质量验收（Tunnel construction quality acceptance）：对隧道施工过程中的各个工序、分项工程和单位工程进行的质量检查和验收。

(完整版)工程英语词汇一、基础工程词汇1. 工程：Engineering2. 项目：Project3. 设计：Design4. 施工：Construction5. 监理：Supervision6. 材料：Material7. 结构：Structure8. 质量：Quality9. 安全：Safety10. 进度：Schedule二、土木工程词汇1. 土壤：Soil2. 基础：Foundation3. 桥梁：Bridge4. 隧道：Tunnel5. 路面：Pavement6. 水利：Hydraulic Engineering7. 港口：Harbor8. 道路：Road9. 铁路：Railway10. 地铁：Subway三、建筑工程词汇1. 建筑物：Building2. 楼层：Floor3. 墙体：Wall4. 屋顶：Roof5. 窗户：Window6. 门：Door7. 楼梯：Stairs8. 幕墙： Curtain Wall9. 装修：Decoration10. 室内设计：Interior Design四、电气工程词汇1. 电路：Circuit2. 电线：Wire3. 开关：Switch4. 插座：Outlet5. 发电机：Generator6. 变压器：Transformer7. 电动机：Motor8. 电池：Battery9. 照明：Illumination10. 控制系统：Control System五、机械工程词汇1. 机械：Machine2. 零件：Part3. 轴承：Bearing4. 齿轮：Gear5. 润滑：Lubrication6. 紧固件：Fastener7. 焊接：Welding8. 冲压：Stamping9. 加工：Machining10. 装配：Assembly六、环境工程词汇1. 环境：Environment2. 污染：Pollution3. 废水：Wastewater4. 废气：Waste Gas5. 噪音：Noise6. 固体废物：Solid Waste7. 污染治理：Pollution Control8. 节能：Energy Saving9. 环保：Environmental Protection10. 可持续发展：Sustainable Development七、信息技术工程词汇1. 信息技术：Information Technology (IT)2. 网络：Network3. 服务器：Server4. 数据库：Database5. 编程：Programming6. 软件开发：Software Development7. 硬件：Hardware8. 云计算：Cloud Computing9. 大数据：Big Data八、化学工程词汇1. 化学反应：Chemical Reaction2. 流体力学：Fluid Mechanics3. 热力学：Thermodynamics4. 分离过程：Separation Process5. 反应器：Reactor6. 材料 science：Material Science7. 质量传递：Mass Transfer8. 能量传递：Energy Transfer9. 过程控制：Process Control10. 安全工程：Safety Engineering九、航空航天工程词汇1. 航空：Aeronautics2. 航天：Astronautics3. 飞行器：Aircraft4. 发射：Launch5. 航天器：Spacecraft6. 导航：Navigation7. 飞行控制系统：Flight Control System8. 火箭：Rocket9. 卫星：Satellite10. 航天站：Space Station十、生物医学工程词汇1. 生物医学：Biomedical2. 生物材料：Biomaterial3. 医疗设备：Medical Device4. 生物力学：Biomechanics5. 细胞工程：Cell Engineering6. 基因工程：Genetic Engineering7. 仿生学：Bionics8. 生物传感器：Biosensor9. 医学影像：Medical Imaging10. 组织工程：Tissue Engineering十一、项目管理词汇1. 项目管理：Project Management2. 项目经理：Project Manager3. 项目规划：Project Planning4. 项目预算：Project Budget5. 项目进度：Project Schedule6. 风险管理：Risk Management7. 质量管理：Quality Management8. 成本控制：Cost Control9. 团队协作：Team Collaboration10. 项目交付：Project Delivery十二、建筑信息模型(BIM)词汇1. 建筑信息模型：Building Information Modeling (BIM)2. 三维模型：3D Model3. 四维建模：4D Modeling（时间维度）4. 五维建模：5D Modeling（成本维度）5. BIM软件：BIM Software6. 模型协调：Model Coordination7. 数字化施工：Digital Construction8. BIM协作：BIM Collaboration9. 可视化：Visualization10. 仿真分析：Simulation Analysis十三、绿色建筑与可持续性词汇1. 绿色建筑：Green Building2. 可持续性：Sustainability3. 节能：Energy Efficiency4. 碳排放：Carbon Emission5. 绿色认证：Green Certification6. 生态设计：Esign7. 资源循环：Resource Recycling8. 生物多样性：Biodiversity9. 低影响开发：Low Impact Development (LID)10. 环境生命周期评估：Environmental Life Cycle Assessment十四、电子工程与自动化词汇1. 电子工程：Electronics Engineering2. 电路板：Circuit Board3. 集成电路：Integrated Circuit (IC)4. 传感器：Sensor5. 自动化：Automation6. 控制系统：Control System7. 技术：Robotics8. 伺服电机：Servo Motor9. 可编程逻辑控制器：Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)10. 工业互联网：Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)十五、地质工程与矿业词汇1. 地质工程：Geological Engineering2. 地层：Stratum3. 岩土工程：Geotechnical Engineering4. 钻探：Drilling5. 矿业：Mining6. 采掘：Excavation7. 岩石力学：Rock Mechanics8. 地下水：Groundwater9. 防滑坡：Landslide Prevention10. 矿物加工：Mineral Processing。

铁路词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line 客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport 国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade 隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map 勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection 平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone 滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed 一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile 螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining 组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support。

铁路隧道英语专业术语单词铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌secondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力grouting pressure落石冲击力impact force of falling stone隧道埋置深度；埋深buried depth of tunnel地温梯度geothermal dradient地应力crustal stress预留变形量deformation allowance暗挖法subsurface excavation method明挖法open-cut method矿山法mining method；mine tunneling method钻眼爆破法drilling and blasting method新奥法New Austrian Tunnelling Method；NATM喷锚构筑法shotcrete-bolt construction method掘进机法tunnel boring machine method盾构法shield method沉管法immersed tunnelling method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method；underground wall method；diaphragm wall method全断面开挖法full-face tunnelling method分部开挖法partial excavation method台阶法benching tunnelling method正台阶法positive benching tunnelling method反台阶法negative benching tunnelling method导坑heading上下导坑法top and bottom heading method上导坑法top-heading method漏斗棚架法hopper-shed support tunnelling method蘑菇形开挖法mushroom-type tunnelling method侧壁导坑法side heading method单侧导坑法single side heading method双侧导坑法twin-side heading method品字形导坑法top and twin-side bottom heading method眼睛式开挖法spectacles type tunnelling method超前导坑advance heading扩大enlargement拉槽pull trough；trench excavated马口excavation of side wall at intervals控制爆破controlled blasting光面爆破smooth blasting预裂爆破presplit blasting先墙后拱法side wall first lining method先拱后墙法arch first lining method；flying arch method开挖工作面excavated surface；excavated work face超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak找顶top cleaning出碴mucking and removing有轨运输track transportation无规运输trackless transportation拱圈封顶closing the toop of lining墙顶封口seal；seal at the top of wall喷射混凝土回弹rebound of shotcrete隧道贯通tunnel holing-through隧道贯通误差tunnel through error隧道贯通面tunnel through plane临时支护temporary support构件支撑member support钢拱支撑steel arch support喷射混凝土支护shotcrete support锚杆支护anchor bolt support喷锚支护shotcrete and rock bolt support系统锚杆system anchor bolt超前支护advance support超前锚杆advance anchor bolt插板支护inserting plate support；forepoling小导管预注浆pre-grouting with small duct管棚支护pipe-shed support；pipe roofing support格构拱；钢花拱；格棚拱trellis arch；lattice arch喷射混凝土shotcrete；spray concrete干喷混凝土dry shotcreting湿喷混凝土wet shotcreting潮喷混凝土；半湿喷混凝土half set shotcreting喷射钢纤维混凝土steel fiber shotcrete；steel fiber reinforced shotcrete 防水混凝土waterproof concrete预切槽precutting trough辅助坑道service gallery竖井shaft斜井inlined shaft横洞transverse gallery平行导坑parallel heading横通道transverse passage-way调查坑道investigation gallery；survey tunnel竖井联系测量shaft connection survey隧道防水waterproofing of tunnel防水等级classification of waterproof防水层waterproof layer防水板waterproof board；waterproof sheet防水涂层waterproofing coating隧道压浆pressure grouting of tunnel止水带water stop tie盲沟blind ditch泻水洞drain cavern；drain tunnel隧道运营通风permanent ventilation of tunnel自然通风natural ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation风道式通风ventilation by air passage隧道通风帘幕ventilation curtain列车活塞作用piston action of train隧道射流式通风tunnel efflux ventilation；tunnel injector type ventilation 隧道通风试验tunnel ventilation test隧道施工通风construction ventilation of tunnel风管式通风ventilation by pipes巷道式通风ventilation by ducts隧道照明tunnel illumination；tunnel lighting隧道防灾设施tunnel anti-disaster equipment避车洞refuge hole；refuge recess；refuge niche隧道火灾tunnel fire hazard隧道报警装置tunnel warning equipment隧道消防系统tunnel fire-fighting system隧道瓦斯爆炸tunnel gas explosion隧道监控量测tunnel monitoring measurement隧道地表沉降tunnel ground subsidence隧道拱顶下沉tunnel arch top settlement隧道底鼓tunnel floor heave隧道周边位移tunnel perimeter deflection隧道地中位移tunnel surrounding mass deflection隧道改建tunnel reconstruction隧道落底under cut of tunnel隧道挑顶top picking of tunnel隧道套拱cover arch of tunnel施工调查construction investigation施工准备construction preparation征地expropriation拆迁removing租地rented land交接桩delivery-receiving stake施工复测construction repetition；repetive survey；construction repetition survey测量放样staking out in survey土石方调配cut-fill transition土石方体积图；土积图volume diagram of earth-rock work隐蔽工程hidden project；hidden construction work废弃工程abandoned project；abandoned construction work工程运输engineering transportation冬季施工cold weather construction；winter season construction雨季施工raining season construction；rainy season construction工程招标calling for tenders of project；calling for tending of project工程投标bidding for project工程报价project quoted price工程发包contracting out of project工程承包contracting of project工程监理supervision of construction；supervision of project总预算total budget单项预算individual budget建筑业总产值total output of building industry指导性施工组织设计design for guiding construction organization；guiding design for construction scheme实施性施工组织设计design for practical construction organization；practical design ofr construction scheme；operative construction organization design临时工程temporary project大型临时工程large-scale temporary project小型临时工程small-scale temporary project过渡工程transition project控制工程dominant project关键工程key project辅助设施auxiliary facilities通车期限time limit for opening to traffic施工总工期total time of construction；total construction time施工组织方案construction scheme开工报告report on starting of construction work；commencement report of construction work；construction starting report竣工报告completion repport of construction work施工计划管理planned manangement of construction网络计划技术network planning technique施工工艺流程construction technology process；construction process工法制度construction method system施工产值construction output value施工利润construction profit施工机械利用率utilization ratio of construction machinery施工机械完好率ratio of construction machinery in good condition施工形象进度construction figuue progress；figurative progress of construction work挖掘机excavating machine；excavator单斗挖土机power shovel索铲挖土机dragline反铲挖土机backhoe蛤壳式抓斗clamshell bucket推土机bulldozer铲运机scoper；scraper；carrying scraper装载机loader带式输送机belt conveyer平地机grader振动碾压机vibration compactor vibration roller压路机roller潜孔钻机diving drill凿岩机air hammer drill；rock drill碎石机crusher挖沟机trench cutting machine；trenching machine；trencher塔式起重机tower crane；column crane汽车式起重机automobile crane；autocrane；truck crane轮胎式起重机rubber tired crane；rough-terrain crane履带式起重机crawler crane；caterpiller crane轨道起重机track crane；rail crane浮式起重机；浮吊floating crane缆索起重机cable crane空中索道aerial ropway电动卷扬机electric winch电动吊车；电动葫芦electric hoist千斤顶jack打桩机pile driver蒸汽打桩机steam pile driver；steam pile hammer柴油打桩机diesel pile driver液压打桩机hydraulic pile driver振动打桩机vibrating pile driver；vibratory driver振动沉拨桩机vibro-driver extractor静压力拨桩机static pressure pile extractor；static pressure pile drawing machine履带式桩架crawler pile frame旋转式钻机swiveling drill machine；rotary drill machine灌水钻机diving drill machine套管钻机drill machine with casting冲击式钻机impact-type drill machine；percussion type drill machine离心水泵centrifugal pump真空水泵vacuum pump深井水泵deep well pump轴流水泵axial flow pump清水泵driving pump往复式空气压缩机reciprocating compressor螺杆式空气压缩机screw compressor单转子滑片式空压机single rotary compressor水泥输送泵cement pump混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机drum concrete mixer锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机tapered tilting concrete mixer强制式混凝土搅拌机forced concrete mixer混凝土搅拌楼concrete mixing plant简易混凝土搅拌站simple concrete mixing plant混凝土搅拌运输车concrete mixing and transporting car；truck mixer；transit mixer混凝土输送泵concrete pump混凝土泵车concrete pump truck混凝土吊斗concrete lifting bucket钢筋调直机bar straightener钢筋切断机bar cutter钢筋弯曲机bar bender钢筋冷拉机bar cold-drawing machine插入式混凝土振捣器immersion type vibrator for concrete附着式混凝土振捣器attached type vibrator for concrete；attached type vibrator平板式混凝土振捣器plate vibrator混凝土振动台concrete vibrating stand长线张拉台座stretching bed for longline production斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机cross stay derrick girder erecting machine全回转式架梁起重机full circle girderr erecting crane双悬臂式架桥机double cantilever girder-erecting machine单梁式架桥机single beam girder-erecting machine双梁式架桥机double beam girder-erecting machine组拼式架桥机assembly type girer-erecting machine造桥机bridge fabrication machine工程船舶engineering ship；engineering vessel舟桥bateau bridge浮箱floating box；pontoon万能杆件fabricated universal steel members模板form组合钢模板combined steel formwork滑动模板slip form爬升模板climbing shuttering砌拱支架；碗扣式脚手架soffit scaffolding风镐air pick；pneumatic pick凿岩台车；钻孔台车rock drilling jumbo立爪式装岩机vertical claw rock loader蟹爪式装岩机crab rock loader梭式矿车shutter car槽式列车bunker train电瓶车storage battery car斗车bucker loader大型矿车large scale ore car装岩机rock loader干喷混凝土机dry shotcreting machine湿喷混凝土机wet shotcreting machine半湿喷混凝土机half wet shotcreting machine喷射混凝土机械手shotcrete manipulator风动凿岩机pneumatic rock drill手持式凿岩机portable rock drill；jack hammer通风机ventilating set；ventilating machine；ventilator注浆机grouting machine；grouter注浆泵grouting pump；injection pump隧道衬砌模板台车working jumbo for tunnel lining；tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining 隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine；TBM盾构shield接触网架线车installation vehicle for contact wire接触网作业车operation vehicle for contract wire自卸汽车dumping truck斗式提升机bucket elevator安全技术措施safety techincal measures安全教育safety education事故报告accident report灾害性地质disaster geology突泥projecting mud soil突水gushing water冒顶roof fall岩爆rock burst瓦斯突出gas projection瓦斯浓度gas density；gas consistency掏底开挖；挖神仙土cut the vertical earthwork bottom施工防护construction protection线路封锁track blockade；closure of track；traffic interruption 防护音响信号protecting acoustic signal覆盖防护covered protection。

1.隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine) 一种机械化的隧道掘进设备，有单臂，两臂以及全断面等各种机型。

2.围岩自稳时间（rock-self stability time) 围岩再开挖暴露后，无需进行任何支护的情况下，能够自行持续稳定的时间。

3.松散应力（loosening pressure) 隧道开挖后，围岩发生松弛变形，出现松动和空隙，形成部分松散的岩体，作用于支护的荷载（压力）4.形变压力（clastic pressure)隧道开挖后，围岩周边发生变形，而作用于支护结构上的压力。

5.全断面开挖法（full face excavation method) 采用全断面一次开挖成型的施工方法。

6.正台阶法（bench cut method) 先开挖上半断面，待开挖至一定距离后再同时开挖下半断面的施工方法。

根据上半断面超前距离的不同，可分为长台阶法、短台阶法及微台阶法。

7.环形开挖预留核心土法（ring cut method) 先开挖上部导坑成环形，并进行支护，再分部开挖中部核心土、两侧边墙的施工方法。

8.双侧壁导坑法（both side drift method) 先开挖隧道两侧的导坑，并进行初期支护，再分部开挖剩余部分的施工方法。

9.中测法（center drift excavcation method) 再连拱隧道或单线隧道的喇叭口地段，先开挖两洞之间立柱（或中墙）部分，并完成立柱（或中墙）混凝土浇筑后，再进行左右两洞开挖的施工方法。

10.中隔壁法（CD法）（center diagram method ）在软弱围岩大跨隧道中，先开挖隧道的一侧，并施作中隔壁墙，然后在分部开挖隧道的另一侧的施工方法。

11.交叉中隔壁法（CRD法）center cross diagram method 在软弱围岩大跨隧道中，先开挖隧道的一侧的一或二部分，施作部分中隔墙，再开挖隧道另一侧的一或二部分，然后再开挖最先施工一侧的最后部分，并延长中隔壁墙，最后开挖剩余部分的施工方法。

隧道工程相关专业英语词汇隧道 tunnel●隧道工程 tunnel engineering●铁道隧道 railway tunnel●公路隧道 highway tunnel●地铁隧道 subway tunnel ; underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel●人行隧道 pedestrian tunnel●水工隧洞 ;输水隧道 hydraulic tunnel●山岭隧道 mountain tunnel●水下隧道 subaqueous tunnel●海底隧道 ;水下隧道 submarine tunnel;underwater tunnel●土质隧道 earth tunnel●岩石隧道 rock tunnel●浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel ;shallow burying tunnel●深埋隧道 deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel ; deep burying tunnel ●偏压隧道 unsymmetrical loading tunnel●马蹄形隧道 ;拱形隧道 horse-shoe tunnel ; arch tunnel●圆形隧道 circular tunnel●矩形隧道 rectangular section tunnel●大断面隧道 largecross-section tunnel●长隧道 long tunnel●双线隧道 twin-track tunnel ; double track tunnel●曲线隧道 curved tunnel●明洞 open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery隧道施工方法 tunnel construction method●钻爆法 drilling and blasting method●新奥法 natm;new austrian tunnelling method●盾构法 shield driving method;shield method●顶进法 pipe jacking method ; jack-in method●浅埋暗挖法 sallow buried-tunnelling method●明挖法 cut and cover tunneling;open cut method●地下连续墙法 underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method●冻结法 freezing method●沉埋法 immersed tube method●管棚法 pipe-shed method隧道勘测 tunnel survey●超前探测 drift boring●工程地质勘测 ;工程地质勘探 engineering geological prospecting●隧道测量 tunnel survey●施工测量 construction survey●断面测量 section survey●隧道设计 tunnel design●隧道断面 tunnel section●安全系数 safety coefficient●隧道力学 tunnel mechanics●隧道结构 tunnel structure ●隧道洞口设施 facilities of tunnel portal●边墙 side wall●拱顶 arch crown●拱圈 tunnel arch●仰拱 inverted arch●底板 base plate;floor●隧道埋深 depth of tunnel●隧道群 tunnel group●隧道施工 tunnel construction●隧道开挖 tunnel excavation●分部开挖 partial excavation●大断面开挖 large cross-section excavation●全断面开挖 full face tunnelling●开挖面 excavated surface围岩压力 ground pressure;●surrounding rock pressure●围岩变形 surrounding rock deformation●围岩破坏 surrounding rock failure●软弱围岩 weak surrounding rock支护 support●锚喷支护 anchor bolt-spray support●锚杆支护 anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support ●喷射混凝土支护 ;喷射砼支护 shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support●配筋喷射混凝土支护 ;配筋喷射砼支护 reinforced sprayed concrete support●钢架喷射混凝土支护 ;钢架喷射砼支护 rigid-frame shotcrete support●掘进工作面支护 excavation face support●超前支护 advance support●管棚支护 pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support●胶结型锚杆 adhesive anchor bolt●砂浆锚杆 mortar bolt●树脂锚杆 resin anchored bolt●摩擦型锚杆 friction anchor bolt●楔缝式锚杆 slit wedge type rock bolt●涨壳式锚杆 expansion type anchor bolt●机械型锚杆 mechanical anchor bolt●预应力锚杆 prestressed anchor bolt●土层锚杆 soil bolt 岩石锚杆 rock bolt衬砌 lining●整体式衬砌 integral tunnel lining;integral lining●拼装式衬砌 precast lining●组合衬砌 composite lining●挤压混凝土衬砌 shotcrete tunnel lining ;extruding concrete tunnel lining●混凝土衬砌 ;砼衬砌 concrete lining●喷锚衬砌 shotcrete and bolt lining;shotcrete bolt lining隧道通风 tunnel ventilation●施工通风 construction ventilation●运营通风 operation ventilation●机械通风 mechanical ventilation●自然通风 natural ventilation●隧道射流式通风 efflux ventilation for tunnel ;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation●隧道通风帘幕 curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain ●通风设备 ventilation equipment隧道照明 tunnel illuminationtunnel lighting照明设备 lighting equipment隧道防水 tunnel waterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel●防水板 waterproofing board;waterproof board;waterproof sheet ●防水材料 waterproof material●隧道排水 tunnel drainage●排水设备 drainage facilites●隧道病害 tunnel defect●衬砌裂损 lining split;●隧道漏水 water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak●坍方 landslide;slip●地面塌陷 land yielding●涌水 gushing water●隧道养护 tunnel maintenance●堵漏 leaking stoppage●注浆 grouting●化学注浆 chemical grouting●防寒 cold-proof●整治 regulation●限界检查 clearance examination;checking of●clearance;clearance check measurement●隧道管理系统 tunnelling management system●隧道环境 tunnel environment隧道试验 ;隧道实验 tunnel test●试验段 ;实验段 test section●隧道监控量测 ;隧道监控测量 tunnel monitoring measurement ●收敛 convergence●隧道安全 tunnel safety●隧道防火 tunnel fire proofing●火灾 fire hazard●消防 fire fighting●隧道防灾设施 tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment●报警装置 ;报警器 alarming device;warning device●通过隧道 passing tunnel●避车洞 refuge hole●避难洞 ;避车洞 refuge recess;refuge hole电气化铁道工程 ;电气化铁路工程 electrified railway construction●直流电气化铁道 dc electrified railway●交流电气化铁道 ;交流电气化铁路 a.c.electrification railway●低频电气化铁道 low frequency electrified railway●工频电气化铁路 industry frequency electrified railway●电压制 voltage system●电流制 current system。

隧道掘进机 tunnel boring machine围岩自稳时间 rock-self stability time松散压力 loosing pressure形变压力 clastic pressure全断面开挖法 full face excavation method正台阶法 bench cut method环形开挖预留核心土法 ring cut method双侧壁导坑法 both side drift method中洞法 center drift excavation method中隔壁法( CD 法) center diagram method交叉中隔壁法( CRD 法) center cross diagram method 岩爆 rock burst浅孔爆破 short hole blasting深孔爆破 long hole blasting光面爆破 smooth blasting预裂爆破 presplitting锚喷支护 shotcrete and rock bolt support钢架 steel frame or beam support超前支护 advanced support管棚 pipe-roof protection小导管预注浆 small pipe-roof protection超前锚杆 pioneer rock bolt预注浆 pioneer grouting回填注浆 back filling grouting干喷 dry shotcrete初喷 first shotcrete ( aplication of first shotcrete )复喷 subsequent shotcrete ( aplication of shotcrete )锚杆 rock bolt中岩墙(中岩柱、中夹岩) wall of rock in neighborhood tunnel 监控量测 monitoring measurement超前地质预报 geological prediction瓦斯 gas瓦斯浓度 gas concentration围岩 surrounding rock围岩压力 surrounding rock pressure围岩分级 surrounding rock classification初始地应力场 initial ground-stress field作用 action荷载 load容许应力设计法 allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method概率极限状态设计法 probability limit state design method 可靠性 reliability设计基准期 design relerence period安全等级 safty classes承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态 service-ability limit states可靠指标 reliability index失效概率 probability of structural failure作用代表值 representative value of actions作用标准值 characteristic value of actions作用设计值 design value of actions作用效应 effects of actions作用的组合 combination of actions材料性能标准值 characteristic value of a material property 几何参数标准值 nominal value of geometrical parameter 几何参数设计值 design value of geometrical parameter 分项系数 partial coefficient抗力 reaction地震动参数 seismic ground motion parameter地震动峰值加速度 seismic peak ground acceleration公路隧道 road tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel岩石质量指标 Rock Quality Designation(RQD)岩体分级 rock mass classification环境调查 environmental survey水文调查 hydrological survey地质调查 geological survey隧道涌水 water inflow into tunnel偏压 unsymmetrical pressure新奥法 NATM(New AustrianTunnelingMethod) 净空断面(内轮廓) inner section洞门 portal衬砌 lining仰拱 invert小净距隧道 neighburhood tunnel联拱隧道 multi-arch tunnel竖井 vertical shaft斜井 incline, incline shaft横通道 horizontal adit超前导坑 advancing drift通风 ventilation照明 lighting地铁 metro ，underground railway ， subway 设计使用年限 designed lifetime运营概念 operation concept旅行速度 operation speed限界 gauge正线 main line辅助线 assistant line联络线 connecting line试车线 testing line轨道结构 track structure轨距 gauge of track无缝线路 seamless track整体道床 monolithic track-bed路基 subgrade车站公共区 public zone of station站台计算长度 computed length of platform无缝线路纵向水平力 longitudinal horizontal force of seamless track 无缝线路断轨力 broken rail force of seamless track明挖法 cut and cover盖挖顺筑法盖挖逆筑法 cover andcut-topdown矿山法 mining method盾构法 shield method沉管法 immersed tube method防水等级 grade of waterproof变形缝 deformatio joint刚柔结合的密封区 rigid-flexible joint of sealed zone 开式运行 open made operation闭式运行 close made operation活塞通风 piston action ventilation合流制排放 combined sewer system集中式供电 centralized power supply mode分散式供电 distibuted power supply mode混合式供电 combined power supply mode主变电所 high volyage substation牵引降压混合变电所 combined substation杂散电流 stray current同步数字传输系统 synchronous digital hierarchy transmission system(SDH) 全球定位系统 global position system(GPS)列车自动控制 automatic traincontrol(ATC)列车自动监控 automatic train supervision(ATS)列车自动防护 automatic trainprotection(ATP)列车自动运行 automatic trainoperation(ATO)调度集中 centralized traffic control(CTC)自动人行道 moving pavement自动售检票系统 automatic fare collection火灾自动报警系统 fire alarmsystem(FAS)区域报警系统 local alarm system集中报警系统 remote alarm system环境与设备监控系统 building automatic system (BAS)系统集成 system integration(SI)运营控制中心 operation control center(OCC)集中监控和管理 concentration supervisory control and management 车辆段 depot停车场 stabling yard检修修程 examine and repair program检修周期 examine and repair period湿陷性黄土 collapsible loess非湿陷性黄土 noncollapsible loess自重湿陷性黄土 loess collapsible under overburden pressure非自重湿陷性黄土 loess noncollapsible under overburden pressure 新近堆积黄土 recently deposited loess压缩变形 compression deformation湿陷变形 collapse deformation湿陷起始压力 initial collapse pressure湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility自重湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility under overburden pressure 自重湿陷量的实测值 measured collapse under overburden presure 自重湿陷量的计算值 computed collapse under overburden湿陷量的计算值 computed collapse剩余湿陷量 remnant collapse防护距离 protection distance防护范围 area of protection隧道工程 tunnel engineering隧道 tunnel铁路隧道；铁道隧道 railway tunnel公路隧道 highway tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel人行隧道 pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞；输水隧道 hydraulic tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel水下隧道 subaqueous tunnel海底隧道 ;水下隧道 submarine tunnel;underwater tunnel土质隧道 earth tunnel岩石隧道 rock tunnel浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel偏压隧道 unsymmetrical loading tunnel马蹄形隧道；拱形隧道 horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel圆形隧道 circular tunnel矩形隧道 rectangular section tunnel大断面隧道 largecross-section tunnel长隧道 long tunnel双线隧道 twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel曲线隧道 curved tunnel明洞 open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery 隧道勘测 tunnel survey超前探测 drift boring工程地质勘测；工程地质勘探 engineering geological prospecting隧道测量tunnel survey施工测量construction survey断面测量section survey隧道设计tunnel design隧道断面tunnel section安全系数safety coefficient隧道力学tunnel mechanics隧道结构tunnel structure隧道洞口设施 facilities of tunnel portal 边墙 side wall拱顶 archcrown拱圈 tunnel arch仰拱 inverted arch底板 base plate;floor隧道埋深 depth of tunnel隧道群 tunnel group隧道施工 tunnel construction隧道开挖 tunnel excavation分部开挖 partial excavation大断面开挖 large cross-section excavation全断面开挖 full face tunnelling开挖面 excavated surface隧道施工方法 tunnel construction method钻爆法 drilling and blasting method新奥法 natm;new austrian tunnelling method 盾构法 shield driving method;shield method顶进法 pipe jacking method;jack-in method浅埋暗挖法 sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法 cut and cover tunneling;open cut method地下连续墙法 underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method 冻结法 freezing method沉埋法 immersed tube method管棚法 pipe-shed method综合机械化掘进 comprehensive mechanized excavation辅助坑道 auxiliary adit;service gallery平行坑道 parallel adit竖井 shaft斜井 sloping shaft;inclined shaft导坑 heading衬砌工艺 lining process喷锚；锚喷 anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray 管段 tube section接缝joint地层加固 reinforcing of natural ground弃碴 ballast piling施工监控 construction monitor control超挖overbreak欠挖 underbreak施工进度 construction progress隧道贯通 tunnel holing-through工期 work period隧道施工机械 tunnel construction machinery隧道掘进机 tunnelling machine;tunnel boring machine;tbm单臂掘进机 single cantilever tunnelling machine全断面掘进机 full face tunnel boring machine隧道钻眼爆破机械 machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation 装碴运输机械 loading-conveying ballast equipment衬砌机械 lining mechanism钢模板 steel form模板台车 formworking jumbo混凝土喷射机；砼喷射机 concrete sprayer盾构 shield泥水盾构 slurry shield气压盾构 air pressure shield挤压闭胸盾构 shotcrete closed shield土压平衡盾构 soil pressure balancing shield 注浆机械 grouting machine凿岩机 rock drilling machine;air hammer drill 凿岩台车 drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo围岩 surrounding rock围岩分类围岩加固围岩稳定围岩应力围岩压力山体压力围岩变形围岩破坏surroundingsurroundingsurroundingsurroundingrock classificationrock consolidationrock stabilityrock stresspressure of surroundingrock;围岩压力 ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure surrounding rock deformationsurrounding rock failure软弱围岩 weak surrounding rock支护 support锚喷支护 anchor bolt-spray support锚杆支护 anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support喷射混凝土支护；喷射砼支护 shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support 配筋喷射混凝土支护；配筋喷射砼支护 reinforced sprayed concrete support 钢架喷射混凝土支护；钢架喷射砼支护 rigid-frame shotcrete support掘进工作面支护 excavation face support超前支护 advance support管棚支护 pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support胶结型锚杆 adhesive anchor bolt砂浆锚杆 mortar bolt树脂锚杆 resin anchored bolt摩擦型锚杆 friction anchor bolt楔缝式锚杆 slit wedge type rock bolt涨壳式锚杆 expansion type anchor bolt机械型锚杆 mechanical anchor bolt预应力锚杆 prestressed anchor bolt土层锚杆 soil bolt岩石锚杆 rock bolt衬砌 lining整体式衬砌 integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼装式衬砌 precast lining组合衬砌 composite lining挤压混凝土衬砌；挤压砼衬砌 shotcrete tunnel lining;extruding concrete tunnel lining 混凝土衬砌；砼衬砌 concrete lining喷锚衬砌 shotcrete and bolt lining;shotcrete bolt lining隧道通风 tunnel ventilation施工通风 construction ventilation运营通风 operation ventilation机械通风 mechanical ventilation自然通风 natural ventilation隧道射流式通风；隧道射流通风 efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation隧道通风帘幕 curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain通风设备 ventilation equipment隧道照明 tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting照明设备 lighting equipment隧道防水 tunnel waterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel防水板 waterproofingboard;waterproof board;waterproof sheet防水材料隧道排水排水设备隧道病害waterproof material tunnel drainage drainage facilites tunnel defect衬砌裂损 lining split;lining **ing隧道漏水 water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak 坍方 landslide;slip地面塌陷 land yielding涌水 gushing water隧道养护 tunnel maintenance堵漏 leaking stoppage注浆grouting化学注浆 chemical grouting防寒 cold-proof整治 regulation限界检查 clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement 隧道管理系统 tunnelling management system隧道环境 tunnel environment隧道试验；隧道实验 tunnel test试验段；实验段 test section隧道监控量测；隧道监控测量 tunnel monitoring measurement收敛 convergence隧道安全 tunnel safety隧道防火 tunnel fire proofing火灾 fire hazard消防 fire fighting隧道防灾设施 tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment 报警装置；报警器 alarming device;warning device通过隧道 passing tunnel避车洞 refuge hole避难洞；避车洞 refuge recess;refuge hole电气化铁道工程；电气化铁路工程 electrified railway construction电气化铁道；电气化铁路 electrified railway直流电气化铁道 dc electrified railway交流电气化铁道 ;交流电气化铁路 a.c.electrification railway低频电气化铁道 low frequency electrified railway工频电气化铁道；工频电气化铁路 industry frequency electrified railway电压制 voltage system电流制 current system。

隧道施工英语常用词汇Karstterrains卡斯特地形Flysch复理石Limestone石灰岩Sensitive敏感的Beproneto倾向于Footanchors/lockbolts锁脚锚杆Systemanchors系统锚杆Upperandlowerbenches上下台阶（temporary）invertedarch（临时）仰拱Surroundrock围岩Shotcrete喷混Steelrib/arch钢拱架Latticegirder钢格栅Piperoof管棚Weld焊接Wiremesh钢筋网片Excavationface掌子面Deep（shallow）buried深（浅）埋Overburden埋深Softened软化Mechanical机械的力学的（Poor）self-stability(弱的)自稳性Geological地质的Advancesupport（smallcatheter）超前支护（小导管）Groundwater地下水Spacingcircumferencial*longitudinal环向间距*纵向间距Deformationtolerance预留变形量Supporttype（measure）支护形式（措施）Excavation开挖Grouting注浆Wasteremoval出渣Drillingandblastingmethod钻爆法Benchstepping台阶开挖Cutandcover明洞Naturalgroundline原始地面线Theoreticalexcavationprofile理论开挖轮廓线Cut/excavation挖方Fill填方Cutandfill半填半挖Slope边坡（side/frontslope边仰坡）Scale比例Portal洞门Cross/longitudinalsection横/纵断面Flexiblesupport柔性支护（锚喷支护）Stiffsupport刚性支护Length/width/height/depth/thickness长/宽/高/深/厚Strength/stiffness/stability强度/刚度/稳定性WORD格式Hardness硬度Density密度Unitweight容重Tensile/compressivestrength抗拉/抗压强度Heat/acid/alkaliresistance抗火/酸/碱性Flammability可燃性Workability和易性Durability耐久性Water/cementratio水灰比Material材料Cement水泥Concrete混凝土Asphalt/bitumen沥青Lime石灰Bolt/nut螺栓/螺母Guidetube导向管Diameter直径Radial半径Cushion垫层Equipment设备Bulldozer推土机Excavator挖掘机Loader装载机Dumptruck自卸车Wetspraymechinary湿喷机Aircompressor空压机Transformer变压器Electricgenerator发电机Explosive炸药Magazine炸药库Initialstressstate初始应力状态Redistributedstress应力重分布Initial（primary）support/inner（secondary）lining初衬/二衬Drainage排水Waterproofing防水的Groundwater地下水Waterproofslab/rubberseal防水板/橡胶止水带（接缝处）Circumstantial/longitudinal/transverse/centraldrainagepipe环向/纵向/横向/中央排水管PPgeotextilePP土工布Expansionjointwaterstop,external背贴式止水带Expansionjointwaterstop,internal中埋式止水带Revisionshaft检查井（检查中央排水管用）Waterabsorption吸水性Permeability渗透性Advancedgeologicalprediction超前地质预报Minimum/maximum最小/最大Pre-cast预制Cast-in-site现浇Cave/cavity洞Grouting注浆Backfilling回填Lighting/power/ventilation照明/电力/通风Horizontal/vertical水平/竖直hazardousgases(CO2,CO,NO,NO2)有害（危险）气体pump泵Employer's/technologyRequirements业主/技术要求Instrument仪器Level水准仪Tape卷尺Saw锯Ladder梯子Scaffold脚手架Knife小刀Vice钳子Hammer榔头Shovel铲子Bucket桶Dieseloil柴油Gasoline汽油Clearanceprofile净空Eccentriccompressiontunnel偏压隧道Construction/settlement/expansionjoints施工/沉降/伸缩缝Maintunnel主洞Pedestrian/vehiclecrosspassageways人行/车行横洞Circumstantial/longitudinal/transverse/centraldrainagepipe环向/纵向/横向/中央排水管Stonecrushingplant碎石场Concretemixingstations混凝土拌合站Explosivestorage炸药库Blastingoperation爆破作业Fireextinguishers灭火器Weatheredrock风化岩石Two/three-shaftsystem两/三班制Foundationpit基坑Cave-in塌方Watersurging(surge)涌水Electricshock触电Ambulance救护车Medicalstaff医护人员Alarmsystem警报系统Boundary边界Ongoing进行中Surfacesettlement/subsidence地表沉降Weathering风化作用Overbreak超挖WORD格式Formworktrolley二衬台车Vibrator振动器Bentonite膨润土Topographicdrawing地形图Coverarch套拱Self-drillinghollowanchorbar自进式锚杆IBOPlain/ribbedbar圆钢/螺纹钢Lagging套拱Waterinflow涌水量Overbreak超挖Sampling取样Specimen样品Optimal最佳的Surveymark/kilometerage桩号/里程Preliminarydesign初步设计Toxic有毒的Scaffold脚手架。

隧道工程英语专业词汇隧道工程tunnel engineering隧道tunnel铁路隧道railway tunnel公路隧道highway tunnel地铁隧道subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel 人行隧道pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel输水隧道raulic tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel水下隧道subaqueous tunnel海底隧道水下隧道submarinetunnel;underwater tunnel 土质隧道earth tunnel岩石隧道rock tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel;shallow-depthtunnel;s hallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deeptunnel;deep-depthtunnel;dee p burying tunnel偏压隧道unsymmetrical loading tunnel马蹄形隧道拱形隧道horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel圆形隧道circular tunnel矩形隧道rectangular section tunnel 大断面隧道largecross-section tunnel长隧道long tunnel双线隧道twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel曲线隧道curved tunnel明洞open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery隧道勘测tunnel survey超前探测drift boring工程地质勘测工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting隧道测量tunnel survey施工测量construction survey断面测量section survey隧道设计tunnel design隧道断面tunnel section安全系数safety coefficient隧道力学tunnel mechanics隧道结构tunnel structure隧道洞口设施facilities of tunnel portal 边墙side wall拱顶arch crown拱圈tunnel arch 仰拱inverted arch底板base plate;floor隧道埋深depth of tunnel隧道群tunnel group隧道施工tunnel construction隧道开挖tunnel excavation分部开挖partial excavation大断面开挖large cross-section excavation全断面开挖full face tunnelling开挖面excavated surface隧道施工方法tunnel construction method 钻爆法drilling and blasting method 新奥法natm;newaustriantunnelling method盾构法shield driving method;shield method顶进法pipe jacking method;jack-in method浅埋暗挖法sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法cut and cover tunneling;open cut method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method冻结法freezing method沉埋法immersed tube method管棚法pipe-shed method综合机械化掘进comprehensive mechanized excavation辅助坑道auxiliary adit;service gallery 平行坑道parallel adit竖井shaft斜井sloping shaft;inclined shaft 导坑heading衬砌工艺lining process喷锚锚喷anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray管段tube section接缝joint地层加固reinforcing of natural ground 弃碴ballast piling施工监控construction monitor control 超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak施工进度construction progress隧道贯通tunnel holing-through工期work period隧道施工机械tunnel construction machinery隧道掘进机tunnellingmachine;tunnelbor ing machine;tbm单臂掘进机single cantilever tunnelling machine全断面掘进机full face tunnel boring machine隧道钻眼爆破机械machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation装碴运输机械loading-conveying ballast equipment衬砌机械lining mechanism钢模板steel form模板台车formworking jumbo混凝土喷射机砼喷射机concrete sprayer盾构shield泥水盾构slurry shield气压盾构air pressure shield挤压闭胸盾构shotcrete closed shield 土压平衡盾构soil pressure balancing shield 注浆机械grouting machine凿岩机rock drilling machine;air hammer drill凿岩台车drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo围岩surrounding rock围岩分类surrounding rock classification围岩加固surrounding rock consolidation围岩稳定surrounding rock stability围岩应力surrounding rock stress围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock 山体压力围岩压力ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure围岩变形surrounding rock deformation围岩破坏surrounding rock failure软弱围岩weak surrounding rock支护support锚喷支护anchor bolt-spray support 锚杆支护anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support喷射混凝土支护喷射砼支护shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support配筋喷射混凝土支护配筋喷射砼支护reinforced sprayed concrete support钢架喷射混凝土支护钢架喷射砼支护rigid-frame shotcrete support掘进工作面支护excavation face support超前支护advance support管棚支护pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support胶结型锚杆adhesive anchor bolt砂浆锚杆mortar bolt树脂锚杆resin anchored bolt摩擦型锚杆friction anchor bolt楔缝式锚杆slit wedge type rock bolt涨壳式锚杆expansion type anchor bolt 机械型锚杆mechanical anchor bolt预应力锚杆prestressed anchor bolt土层锚杆soil bolt岩石锚杆rock bolt衬砌lining整体式衬砌integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼装式衬砌precast lining组合衬砌composite lining挤压混凝土衬砌挤压砼衬砌shotcrete tunnellining;extruding concrete tunnel lining混凝土衬砌砼衬砌concrete lining喷锚衬砌shotcrete and boltlining;shotcrete bolt lining 隧道通风tunnel ventilation施工通风construction ventilation运营通风operation ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation自然通风natural ventilation隧道射流式通风隧道射流通风efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation隧道通风帘幕curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain 通风设备ventilation equipment隧道照明tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting照明设备lighting equipment隧道防水Tunnelwaterproofing;waterpr oofing of tunnel防水板waterproofingboard;waterproofboard;water proof sheet防水材料waterproof material隧道排水tunnel drainage排水设备drainage facilites隧道病害tunnel defect衬砌裂损lining split;lining **ing隧道漏水water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak坍方landslide;slip地面塌陷land yielding涌水gushing water隧道养护tunnel maintenance堵漏leaking stoppage注浆grouting化学注浆chemical grouting防寒cold-proof整治regulation限界检查clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement隧道管理系统tunnelling management system隧道环境tunnel environment隧道试验隧道实验tunnel test试验段实验段test section隧道监控量测隧道监控测量tunnel monitoring measurement收敛convergence隧道安全tunnel safety隧道防火tunnel fire proofing火灾fire hazard消防fire fighting隧道防灾设施tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnelanti-disaster equipment 报警装置报警器alarming device;warning device通过隧道passing tunnel避车洞refuge hole避难洞避车洞refuge recess;refuge hole 电气化铁道工程电气化铁路工程electrified railway construction电气化铁道电气化铁路electrified railway直流电气化铁道dc electrified railway交流电气化铁道交流电气化铁路a.c.electrification railway低频电气化铁道low frequency electrified railway工频电气化铁道工频电气化铁路industry frequency electrified railway电压制voltage system电流制current system。

土木工程专业英语完整版本土木工程专业英语导言：随着社会的不断发展，经济的高速发展，人们对于城市环境、公共基础设施的要求也越来越高，越来越重视土木工程的建设。

作为一项基础学科，土木工程具有非常重要的战略地位。

在这篇文章中，我们将对土木工程的一些专业术语做出详细的介绍，以适应当前土木工程行业的需要。

一、桥梁工程1. Arch Bridge：拱桥，是一种采用拱形构件支撑路面的桥梁，可以承受悬臂力，是最早的桥梁之一。

2. Cantilever Bridge：悬臂桥，是一种建立在两个支点之间的桥梁，可以悬挂于谷底或江河之上。

3. Suspension Bridge：悬索桥，是一种吊在两座高塔上的桥梁。

使用加长的支撑索来支撑桥面，两端吊挂钢缆，构成一致的结构。

4. Cable-stayed Bridge：斜拉桥，是一种基于斜拉索的自锚式桥梁，使用钻石型的斜拉索分担承载力。

5. Truss Bridge：桁架桥，由许多三角形连结构成的。

桁架可以使用金属、木材或者混凝土来制造。

二、隧道工程1. Tunneling：隧道施工，用于采取措施，在地下构筑建筑物、隧道、气井、沙井、其中包括机泵、圈梁机、卡盘夹具、支撑材料和安全系统等。

2. Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)：隧道掘进机，是在地下开挖的大型钻掘机器，俗称“挖洞机”。

主要用于隧道、井巷、水利工程等的掘进作业。

3. Casing：套管，是为了增加井壁的稳定性、防止塌陷，而将管子垂直放置或包裹在内的构造物。

4. Grouting：灌浆，是使用压力将浆液注入混凝土或者岩石之中，以提高其强度，也用于修复已损坏的部件。

5. Shaft：竖井，是需要通往地面、地下、水位面或下一地层的隧道、工作井、沙井等的基础结构。

三、建筑工程1. Foundation：基础，是建筑物架构中的底部结构，提供支持和稳定。

包括基础地基、浇筑地基等2. Beam：梁，是用于承载楼板的水平结构，通常由钢筋混凝土、钢或木材制成。