气升式环流反应器
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气升式环流反应器内气泡分布的数值模拟宋涛;蒋开喜;周俊武;冯昱清【期刊名称】《矿冶》【年(卷),期】2015(024)001【摘要】气升式环流反应器广泛应用于湿法冶金工业,如金矿的氰化浸出、铀矿浸出、铜矿浸出以及难处理矿物的生物预氧化等.该类反应器几何结构虽然简单,但合理的设计仍是设备高效运行的保证.为了预测气升式环流反应器的工作效果,使用欧拉双流体模型模拟反应器内包含气泡的气液两相流,并通过不同的相间力模型及自定义湍流子模型描述槽内气泡复杂运动.分析了气泡诱导湍流、升力、湍流分散力等模型在模拟气泡分布时的作用,并将模拟结果与Sokolichin等的试验结果进行比较.结果表明,提出的模拟方法在气升式环流反应器模拟中能够得到准确的流场和气泡分布结果.【总页数】6页(P61-66)【作者】宋涛;蒋开喜;周俊武;冯昱清【作者单位】东北大学材料与冶金学院,沈阳110819;北京矿冶研究总院,北京100160;矿冶过程自动控制技术北京市重点实验室,北京102628;北京矿冶研究总院,北京100160;北京矿冶研究总院,北京100160;矿冶过程自动控制技术北京市重点实验室,北京102628;CSIRO Mineral Resource Flagship, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TF351.5+3【相关文献】1.导流筒结构对气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动的影响 [J], 沈荣春;束忠明;黄发瑞;戴迎春2.中心气升式三相强化环流反应器内气含率分布的理论分析 [J], 刘梦溪;卢春喜;储凌;时铭显3.气体分布器结构对气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动的影响 [J], 沈荣春;束忠明;黄发瑞4.气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动计算流体力学的模拟 [J], 沈荣春;束忠明;黄发瑞;戴迎春5.分布器结构对环隙气升式气固环流反应器流体力学性能的影响 [J], 孔双祝;牛占川;刘梦溪因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
自学指导气升式发酵罐也是应用最广泛的生物反应器,学生学习是要掌握气升式发酵罐工作原理,气升环流式反应器特点。
重点:气升式发酵罐工作原理,结构。
图1 气升式发酵罐实物照片气升式发酵罐(ALR)(见图1)也是应用最广泛的生物反应设备。
华南理工大学高孔荣教授等对这类反应器进行了较系统深入的研究并取得良好结果,部分已在发酵工厂和废水处理中应用。
这类反应器具有结构简单、不易染菌、溶氧效率高、能耗低等优点。
目前世界上最大型的通气发酵罐就是气升环流式的,体积高达3000多立方米。
气升式反应器有多种类型,常见的有气升环流式、鼓泡式、空气喷射式等,生物工业已经大量应用的气升式发酵罐有气升内环流发酵罐(见图2)、气液双喷射气升环流发酵罐(见图3)、设有多层分布板的塔式气升发酵罐(见图4)。
而鼓泡罐则是最原始的通气发酵罐,当然鼓泡式反应器内没有设置导流筒,故未控制液体的主体定向流动。
现以气升环流式反应器(见图2)为例说明其工作原理。
图2 气升环流式反应器图3 气液双喷射气升环流反应器图4 多层空气分布板的气升环流发酵罐气升环流式反应器构造如图2所示,在反应器内没有搅拌器,其中央有一个导流筒,将发酵醪液分为上升区(导流筒内)和下降区(导流筒外),在上升区的下部安装了空气喷嘴(见图3),或环型空气分布管(见图5),空气分布管的下方有许多喷孔。
加压的无菌空气通过喷嘴或喷孔喷射进发酵液中,从空气喷嘴喷入的气速可达250~300(米/秒),无菌空气高速喷入上升管,通过气液混合物的湍流作用而使空气泡分割细碎,与导流筒内的发酵液密切接触,供给发酵液溶解氧。
由于导流筒内形成的气液混合物密度降低,加上压缩空气的喷流动能,因此使导流筒内的液体向上运动;到达反应器上部液面后,一部分气生泡破碎,二氧化碳排出到反应器上部空间,而排出部分气体的发酵液从导流筒上边向导流筒外流动,导流筒外的发酵液因气含率小,密度增大,发酵液则下降,再次进入上升管,形成循环流动,实现混合与溶氧传质。
实验3 气升式环流反应器流体力学及传质性能的测定一、实验目的1.了解气升式环流反应器的原理、结构型式及应用领域;2.掌握气升式环流反应器流体力学及传质性能的测定方法;3.掌握气升式环流反应器的冷模试验方法。
4.学习利用计算机进行化工实验过程的数据采集、数据转换和数据处理的原理和方法。
二、实验原理气升式环流反应器是近年来作为化学反应器和生化反应器而发展起来的一种新型高效气液反应器。
由气泵产生的气体通过流量计计量后经过气体喷嘴从升气管下方喷入反应器中,这样使得升气管中液体的气含率大于降液管中液体的气含率,引起两者之间存在密度差,从而使得环流反应器中的液体在气体带动下得以循环起来。
本实验是冷模实验,使用的液体是自来水,气体是压缩空气。
由于环流反应器是利用反应气体的喷射动能和液体的循环流动来搅动反应物料,所以具有结构简单、造价低、易密封、能耗低,也没有机械搅拌桨破坏生物细胞等优点。
广泛用于化工、石油化工、生物化工和环境保护等领域。
在进行恰当的设计后,就能得到较好的环流流动的循环强度,在反应器内形成良好的循环,促进固体催化剂粒子的搅动。
因而环流反应器对于反应物之间的混合、扩散、传热和传质均很有利,既适合处理量大的较高粘度流体又适合处理热敏感性的生物物质,还可用于气-液两相或气-液-固三相之间的非均相化学反应。
气升式环流反应器的结构简图如下:图1 内环流反应器的结构简图图1中,进入反应器的气体喷射至升气管后,由于气体的喷射动能和升气管内流体的密度降低,迫使升气管中流体向上,降液管中流体向下做有规则的循环流动,从而在反应器中形成良好的混合和反应条件。
环流反应器是作为气-液两相或气-液-固三相反应器而应用于生物化工或其他化学反应过程的。
生化过程(例如发酵过程)要求高供氧量,相比于其他反应体系,传质性能往往成为过程的控制因素。
因此,能否提供良好的传质条件,对环流反应器的应用具有决定意义,其流体力学性能(气含率ε,液体循环速度u L等)及传质特性(氧体积传质系数K L a)是衡量气升式环流反应器混合性能的重要指标,也是环流反应器设计和工程放大的重要参考数据。
多相气升式环流反应器局部相含率和环流速度
李红星
【期刊名称】《化工进展》
【年(卷),期】2014(033)0Z1
【摘要】气升式环流反应器流动特性研究大多都局限于流动参数的平均特性研究,涉及气液固系统流动特性的研究也较少.在φ200×2500mm气升式环流反应器内,实验研究了空气水两相及空气水玻璃珠三相体系中局部气、固相含率以及浆(液)相环流特性等随操作条件以及液、固相物性的变化规律.结果表明:①两相体系导流筒中截面平均气含率轴向分布有局部极大值,而固体和乙醇的加入使得气含率轴向分布平缓;②两相体系循环液速在导流筒中呈径向抛物分布,在环隙分布较均匀,加入固体和乙醇后对循环速度分布和大小影响不大;③三相体系中导流筒内固含率沿轴向升高呈增大趋势,环隙内轴向分布均匀;导流筒内、外固含率径向分布均不均匀,以近壁处为大;加入乙醇后对固含率分布影响不大.
【总页数】6页(P117-122)
【作者】李红星
【作者单位】中国电子工程设计院,北京100101
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.多室气升式环流反应器气、液、固三相相含率的研究 [J], 朱慧红;刘永民;于大秋
2.气升式三相内环流反应器中相含率的研究 [J], 林军;刘永民;孙守华
3.三相气升式环流反应器内上升区相含率轴向分布与循环液速的研究 [J], 赵楠;稽
从杰;刘永民
4.缩放型导流筒气升式内环流生物反应器气相含率研究 [J], 谢波;韦朝海;吴超飞
5.多室气升式三相环流反应器相含率的研究 [J], 李婷
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
clearly underst ood. De partments at all level s shoul d strictly im plement the check i n the Office of party Committee evaluation, sig nificant a ccounta bility a nd rewar d incentive system, pay close attenti on to duty ca sh a nd maki ng unit y, rights, re sponsibil ities, a nd to i ns pire each of ca dres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, i s a dee p topic, i s a real pr oblem, i s a big issue. Today, I just combi ned t his yea r, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk a nd understanding, w e must strengt hen re search and excha nges i n this regar d in the future. Investee i n the new year, we must hol d high t he ba nner of Deng Xia opi ng theory a nd t he "three re prese nts" theory t he great ba nner of, under the correct lea dership of the CPC, a dhere t o the people-orie nted, i nsist on trut h, adhere first to excell ence, efforts to do Office w ork to a new level. S peech at the Conference on t he system of gover nment offices i n the city around the development of servi ce functi on to create a ne w situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Gover nment--speech at the Confere nce on the system of governme nt offices in t he cityThis system of government offices worki ng in t he city's main task i s to st udy Governme nt systems of administrative supervisio n, a dministrative informati on, a dministrative re cepti on a nd i nformation te chnol ogy issues. For the me eting, t he City May or Ma has made importa nt instr ucti ons, the Municipal Gover nment Office fully pre pared brewi ng, combi ned wit h pra ctical w ork to develop the noti ce on furt her strengt heni ng the supervisi on w ork, the XX, Chief Informati on i nterim measures for 2005 a nd t he city's system of Governme nt Administrati on i nformatization construction task statement and other docume nts. Before the Ge neral Assembly a nd organizati on of counties (di stricts) of the scene t o observe t he Government Office, a chieve t he purpose of excha nges of w ork, thoug ht. Today, the ang Mayor also attended t he meeting and delivere d an im porta nt spe ech in t he midst, hope g ood grasp of implementati on. Next, I would l ike to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, l ook s at devel opment, strengthe ned service, city gover nment system Office w ork rendering atmosphere in re cent years, city governme nt system Office to华东理工大学2013—2014学年第一学期《反应器分析》课程论文 2013.10班级__________ 学号____________ 姓名____________开课学院________________ 任课教师____________成绩__________ 论文题目:论文要求:1、内容要求与化学反应过程及化学反应器相关。
2、字数3000字以上,打印格式统一按学校要求。
教师评语:教师签字:年月日nd stea dfastness. And expli citly put forwar d the "surroundi ng situation, pay attention to impleme ntation" is the core of gover nment office s, requiring gover nment department s at all levels cannot be "Gram ophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confine d to pa per communications, yi nglaisongwa ng and upl oad i ssue. M ust to ha s strongly of implementati on consci ousness, thi s is Government Office se ctor first bit of task, to first, a nd is duty-bound, insisted re porte d truth, a nd t old trut h, and out confess, a nd do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to poi nts real put to resear ch sol ution reform development sta ble in t he of major problem Shang, put to research soluti on masses pr oducti on life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research soluti on w ork in the exists of hig hlight pr oblem S hang, put a n end to to Confere nce im plement Confere nce, t o file implementati on file, never ca n makes superi or of de cisi on a nd depl oyment in a "impleme ntation" Lost i n the sound. System Office of the Government sect or must take the lea d in party and Gover nment polici es, the de ployment a nd carry out spe cific targets, i n the impl ementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the im plementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously i mplement impleme ntation national, a nd Pr ovince Government sy stem Secretary-General Office Direct or Conference spirit, according to ar ound overall, grasp impl ementation this a ge neral re quireme nts, insisted reform innovati on, furt her change ma nagement concept, and ma nagement functi ons, and ma nagement system a nd ma nagement method; i nsiste d quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-r oots, and for masses provide s quality efficient service; insi sted stri ctly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and busi ness maste r, and servi ce politica l clea n, and style exce llent of Office team. Concrete work, a nd m ust deal with "three relati onships": one is to handle we ll the relati onshi p betwee n passive ada ptation a nd a ctive servi ce. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its w ork, whi ch re quires us to host lea d w hen a ction must be strictly in a ccorda nce w ith the i ntentions a nd re quireme nts for leader shi p, work wit hin t he limits of del egated aut hority, not offside, parti pation i n the i ntervention, a nd not de cisi on-making, coordi nation i s not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work a nd must be come more consci ous, give full play to t he initiative a nd w ork to some foreseea ble, be proactive, prepare d, thi nking a head, providi ng information, a ctive leader shi p, reflect the situati on, a hea d of good resear ch, reference point, i n key pla ces to promote overall efficiency. Se cond, to handle t he relationship between a dministrative service s and tra nsa ction service s. Admi nistrative servi ces and Servi ces Office service s com plement the two aspe cts of the job. A dmi nistrative service s is the core service is guara nteed. Note that combines bot h, adhere to g overnment service a s theclearly underst ood. De partments at all level s shoul d strictly im plement the check i n the Office of party Committee evaluation, sig nificant a ccounta bility a nd rewar d incentive system, pay close attenti on to duty ca sh a nd maki ng unit y, rights, re sponsibil ities, a nd to i nspire each of ca dres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, i s a dee p topic, i s a real pr oblem, i s a big issue. Today, I just combi ned t his yea r, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk a nd understanding, w e must strengt hen re search and excha nges i n this regar d in the future. Investee i n the new year, we must hol d high t he ba nner of Deng Xia opi ng theory a nd t he "three re prese nts" theory t he great ba nner of, under the correct lea dership of the CPC, a dhere t o the people-orie nted, i nsist on trut h, adhere first to excell ence, efforts to do Office w ork to a new level. S peech at the Conference on he system of gover nment offices i n the city around the development of servi ce functi on to create a ne wsituation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Gover nment--speech at the Confere nce on the system of governme nt offices in t he cityThis system of government offices worki ng in t he city's main task i s to st udy Governme nt systems of administrative supervision, a dministrative inform ati on, a dministrative re cepti on a nd i nformation te chnol ogy issues. For the me eting, t he City May or Ma has made importa nt inst ucti ons, the Municipal Gover nment Office fully pre pared brewi ng, combi ned wit h pra ctical w ork to develop the noti ce on furt her strengt heni ng the supervisi on w ork, the XX, Chief Informati on i nterim measures for 2005 a nd t he city's system of Governme nt Administrati on i nformatization construction task statement and other docume nts. Before the Ge neral Assembly a nd organizati on of counties (di stricts) of the scene t o observe t he Government Office, a chieve t he purpose of excha nges of w ork, thoug ht. Today, the ang Mayor also attended t he meeting and delivere d an im porta nt spe ech in t he midst, hope g ood grasp of implementati on. Next, I would l ike to make a few remarks. A, and aroundCenter, l ook s at devel opment, strengthe ned service, city gover nment system Office w ork rendering atmosphere in re cent years, city governme nt system Office to气升式环流反应器的简介和进展杨帆(华东理工大学,上海,)摘要:综述了气升式环流反应器的工作原理和主要影响因素的研究进展和最新应用,并且介绍了今后气升式环流反应器的主要进展方向。