Ultrasonic sensor and its application

2023届河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Monthly subscription educational boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject.If you want to learn something at home while having fun,you can have educational boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.Spangler BoxesThe Spangler boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler,who previously hosted a popular science education program on News for Kids.Projects focus on STEM-science,technology,engineering,and math.Examples of projects include exploring lava(岩浆)science,the sound waves,and physical laws.Finders Seekers BoxesAfter receiving a Finders Seekers box,you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles.Think of Finders Seekers as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room.Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery.Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.Creation BoxesCreation teaches students electronics,digital tips and high-level problem-solving.Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging.A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp,an electronic memory game,and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor(超声传感器).Kiwi Doodle BoxesKiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market.They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from8to18.Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt botanic garden,an artificial leather sample set,and handmade soap. Doodle projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and all craft supplies are included in the box.1．What did Steve Spangler use to be?A．A scientist.B．An educator.C．A TV host.D．An engineer.2．Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?A．Features of cities.B．Online instructions. C．Historical mysteries.D．Escape room challenges.3．If you are interested in handicraft art,which box would you subscribe? A．Creation Boxes.B．Spangler Science Boxes. C．Finders Seekers Boxes.D．Kiwi Doodle Boxes.A famous springboard driver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship,offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.When it becomes evident that they are on the decline they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies.He treasures every minute,makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.He gets as much as he gives,winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.To participate and to win——that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong,and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it, never relax,never give up.It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.However,he is always trying to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t,he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner, aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the“ever better”records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.4．What is the function of the first paragraph?A．To explain a phenomenon.B．To describe a competition.C．To lead in the topic of this passage.D．To express worries about sportsmen.5．According to the passage,what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward?A．He wants to win people’s respect.B．He wants to win honor for his nation.C．He wants to make greater achievements than ever.D．He wants to earn more and more money and fame.6．What can be learnt from the rule of sports?A．Whatever difficulties you have met,never give up.B．Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.C．You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.D．You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.7．What is the passage mainly about?A．Sportsmen’s spirit.B．Sportsmen’s life. C．Sportsmen’s honor.D．Sportsmen’s pride.“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media,people are asking‘can humans overcome this?’,or‘what technology can solve this?’.It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes.We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,”says Ryding.“The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting(变形).”Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds.Several species of Australian parrot have shown,on average,a4%—10%increase in beak(鸟喙)size since 1871,and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year.North American dark-eyed juncos,a type of small songbird,had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments.There have also been reported changes in mammalian species.Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews(鼩鼱).“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,”says Ryding.“However,some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by3D scanningmuseum bird specimens from the past100years.It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why.“Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is‘fine’,”says Ryding.“It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are,or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.”8．What may cause animals’shapeshifting according to Ryding?A．Human hunting.B．Climate change.C．Natural enemies.D．Polluted surroundings.9．What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph2?A．Giving examples.B．Cause-effect analysis. C．Making comparison.D．Process analysis.10．What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph?A．Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.B．Influence of animals’shapeshifting is uncertain.C．Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.D．All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial.11．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?A．Technology.B．Health care.C．Environment.D．Education.For thousands of years,Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city.Among them,well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan,in the Northern Wei Dynasty(386-534),composed his book,Commentary on the Water Classics,after studying the original literary version,Water Classics.He later expanded the river records to1,252from the original137.The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University.They have been using drawing software and3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.So far,they have completed research on four rivers.“Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations,”Li said,giving the example of Qianjin’e,one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang,Henan.In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation(灌溉)in ancient Luoyang,the officials built a canal branch by separating anorthwest-southeast river.However,the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons.To solve that,on the northern side of the canal branch,the officials built a reservoir(水库)and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch,where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city.In Commentary on the Water Classics,a total of2,800cities are recorded with details. Still,the process of recreation takes much effort.After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork,the team has gradually created the model with3D modelling software based on repeated deductions(推论).For Professor Li,the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over1,000years ago,but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference.12．What can we learn about the book Commentary on the Water Classics?A．It has been out of date.B．It explains3D modelling.C．It keeps records of137rivers.D．It is based on previous studies. 13．What does the underlined word“converge”in paragraph3mean?A．Join.B．Pass.C．Cross.D．Begin. 14．What does paragraph4mainly tell us about model recreation?A．Its major problems.B．Its detailed analysis.C．Its complex process.D．Its successful application. 15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．3D Technology Fuels Modern ResearchB．Ancient Classics Inspire Modern ResearchC．An Effective Approach to Model RecreationD．A Famous Writer of Chinese Ancient Classics二、七选五If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime,you will see people,mostly men wearing T-shirts,sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade,playing a game with large round disks of wood.____16____Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period.While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess,there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a populargame in China.____17____And in the20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game.And,though it may look quite a bit different than Western chess,Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played.Like Western chess,the object of the game is to capture the other player’s“king”.____18____Unlike Western chess,instead of placing the pieces in squares,the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines.Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board,which the elephants cannot cross.____19____This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had alife-or-death war.The war was so influential that“the Chu River and the Han Boundary”has become a metaphor(隐喻)referring to any boundary between two opposing armies.When the Chinese people today see this name on the board,the battle scenes come to their mind,as though they are surrounded by thick smoke,able to hear the beating of war drums.____20____A．Actually,in Xiangqi he is just a general.B．During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew.C．It is called“the Chu River and the Han Boundary”.D．The game is called Xiangqi,a game of ordinary people.E．There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.F．An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard.G．Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today.三、完形填空Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect.His condition is too___21___to be treated in Poland,but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case.___22___,they require80percent of the payment up front,a sum the family simply could not ___23___.That’s when Maria Andrejczyk___24___in to help!Just a week after___25___her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a___26___on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖)off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.Days later,a Polish convenience store called Zabka___27___the medal for$125,000,which was more than Maria had___28___to get.Not only that,but when her___29___ broke,more people began donating to the fundraiser.Finally,they pulled in more than enough cash to____30____Miloszek’s trip to America!And the____31____doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her____32____after all!“We were very touched by the extremely____33____gesture of our Olympian,so we decided to support the____34____for Miloszek,”the company wrote.“We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria!We are glad that we were able to____35____.”21．A．particular B．optimistic C．serious D．common 22．A．Undoubtedly B．Unfortunately C．Additionally D．Absolutely 23．A．expect B．permit C．ensure D．afford 24．A．crowded B．turned C．brought D．stepped 25．A．earning B．declaring C．battling D．defeating 26．A．parcel B．message C．card D．list 27．A．sold B．returned C．purchased D．saved 28．A．expected B．needed C．accepted D．commanded 29．A．health B．dream C．heart D．story 30．A．transport B．provide C．cover D．cost 31．A．kindness B．news C．sympathy D．gratitude 32．A．secret B．reputation C．money D．medal 33．A．flexible B．noble C．gentle D．awkward 34．A．recovery B．request C．fundraiser D．award 35．A．contribute B．present C．fight D．change四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

超声相控阵检测系统超声相控阵检测系统摘要：在无损检测领域里，超声检测凭借可靠、安全、经济的优势，得到了越来越广泛的应用。

超声相控阵系统由于具有独特的线性扫查、动态聚焦、扇形扫描的特点，成为近几年超声检测领域里的一个研究热点。

本文介绍了超声相控阵的发展、在工业领域中的应用以及国内外现状。

简述了超声相控阵系统工作原理、主要特点及相控阵系统的探头、超声发射接收电路、超声成像部分。

说明了超声相控阵的研究在无损检测领域里具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：无损检测；超声相控阵；相控阵探头；超声成像Ultrasonic phased array testing systemLiu Shengchun（College of information and communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China）Abstract:In non-destructive detecting field, depending on the superiorities of credibility, security and economy, ultrasonic detecting is getting more and more broad application. Ultrasonic phased array system which has characteristics of linearity scanning , dynamic focus and sector scanning, is becoming a hot research in the ultrasonic detecting field in recent years.This paper introduce the development, status quo of ultrasonic phased array, and its application in industry. Briefly describe its work principle, main characteristic and phased array system including probe,ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit and ultrasonic imaging. It illuminates that there is a wide application foreground of ultrasonic phased array'sresearch in non-destructive detecting field.Key words:Non-destructive defecting;Ultrasonic phased array;Phased array probe;Ultrasonic imaging1 引言超声相控阵技术已有40多年的发展历史，初期，由于系统的复杂性、固体中波动传播的复杂性及成本费用高等原因使其在工业无损检测中的应用受限，主要应用在医疗领域[1,2]，如通过相控阵快速移动声束对被检器官成像[3]；利用其可控聚焦特性局部升温热疗治癌[4]。

Level measurement guide/levelEmbrace the proven, welcome the newComplete level solutions from your trusted partner.Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Connect. Control. Save.The front lines of digitalizationEnormous potential benefits await your operations with Industry4.0. With unparalleled control and access, you now have completeknowledge of what’s happening in your plant at all times.But even in the age of digital, you still need accurate, reliable,and rugged process instrumentation. Because if field instrumentscan't supply the right data, even the most sophisticated digitaliza-tion plans will fail.Intelligent level monitoring brings intelligent operations:• Connect devices to Siemens MindSphere Cloud for Industry anduse SITRANS IQ apps to see your plant open up before you.• Commission, monitor, and diagnose operations with the touchof your smartphone through the SITRANS mobile IQ app.• Save operators' time and eliminate inefficiencies throughoptimized processes, delivering cost savings directly to yourbottom line.With the knowledge that no single technology can address theneeds of all industrial applications, Siemens provides a completerange of level measurement devices. All backed by our globalsupport network, providing experienced sales and technicalassistance when and where you need it.2Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Table of contentsLevel technology selector 5Siemens level measurement 6Level controllers8Ultrasonics10Radar for liquids and slurries12Radar for solids14Continuous contact level16Point level18Hydrostatic20Level by weight22Load cells for level weighing24Remote monitoring and displays 26Go the distance with digitalization28Sales and support, training, and TIA303 Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | SITRANS LUT400 MultiRanger4Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Level technology selectorn n preferred condition dependentContinuous level Point level* Check chemical compatibility.5 Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | The right instrument for your applicationSiemens level measurement instruments let you get on with your day. Easy4-button programming and graphical Quick Start Wizards deliver headache-freeinstallation and setup. Advanced processing means that operators aren’t spendingvaluable time repeatedly troubleshooting devices—instead they can be confidentthat these instruments are delivering reliable, accurate results.Complementing our level technology is Siemens' complete suite of processinstruments, gas analytics, automation, and drives for industries aroundthe globe:• Flow• Weighing• Pressure• Temperature• Positioning• Power supplies• Process protection• Process controllers• Remote displays• Process recorders• Gas analytics• Gear reducers• Motors• Control systems• Industrial communication• PLCs• HMIs• Drives• Motion control6Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | SITRANS PSITRANS LVL200SITRANS CLS100SITRANS LC300POINTEK CLS200SITRANS LR250SITRANS LG250SITRANS LU240ECHOMAX TRANSDUCERHI LOSITRANS RD500CellularSITRANS RD300HI LOMULTIRANGERSITRANS SCSC(SINGLE INPUT)SITRANS T3CS(DUAL INPUT)SIWAREX WP231SIWAREX WL200SIWAREX WL200SITRANS LPS200SITRANS LVS200SITRANS LVS300POINTEK CLS300SITRANS LR5607Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Level controllersAfter driving the market in ultrasonic level controllers for the past 40 years,Siemens has evolved its industry-leading solutions to include control for 80 GHzradar sensors.Need high-accuracy open channel monitoring? How about flexible control withmultiple relays and ultrasonic level? Or perhaps you need a reliable controller forlong-range, high-frequency radar?Siemens level controller portfolio answers all these questions—and more.The new SITRANS LT500 level, flow, and pump controllers for radar transmit-ters—or any two-wire 4-20 mA devices—offers everything from basic levelcontrol to complex pumping routines. Easily retrofit older equipment withSITRANS LT500 and see how improved system control delivers savings directlyto your company’s bottom line.8Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | 9 Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | UltrasonicsSiemens non-contacting ultrasonic sensors and transmitters have active facetechnology which reduces material buildup and provides trouble-free, reliableperformance. Both our transmitters and transducers (when combined with aSiemens controller) feature Process Intelligence, our field-proven echo process-ing algorithms, to guarantee the most reliable performance possible.SITRANS Probe LU240 transmitters are a great solution, where value and perfor-mance meet. These cost-effective, compact intelligent level transmitters give youthe level, volume, and flow measurement you need with field-proven echoprocessing. For ultrasonic non-contacting point level detection, Pointek ULS200is a reliable transmitter.Siemens Echomax ultrasonic level transducers are impervious to buildup, mois-ture, vibrations, and flooding. With the ability to detect submergence – whenpaired with a submergence shield – these transducers are a perfect fit for a rangeof industrial applications. Siemens transducers are easy to install and require littleto no maintenance. The unmatched beam angle – stronger pulse and sensitivityin a compact beam – make our transducers the most powerful in the industry. 10Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Radar for liquidsand slurriesLiquid level measurement challenges are no match for Siemens' complete range of radar transmitters. Whether it's turbulent process vessels, hazardous chemi-cals, or slurries with a tendency to build up, our portfolio has the solution. Take the 80 GHz SITRANS LR100 series: these transmitters operate far above most application requirements, easily handling whatever liquid or slurry you've got. Zero blanking distance allows you to measure right up to the sensor, avoid-ing costly overfilling.SITRANS LR250 is an excellent choice for liquid level measurement in storage and process vessels to 20 meters (66 ft). With its range of antennas, this transmitter can handle whatever you need it to. Its class-leading range of process connec-tions mean that hygienic applications are no problem for this instrument.And for monitoring the level of sea or river water, SITRANS LR560 can effectively provide accurate measurements with its long range and narrow beam.Radar for solidsStrong signals over long distances, reliable measurements unaffected by tem-perature change, and clear echo profiles in dusty environments—Siemens high-frequency 80 GHz radar means application troubles are a thing of the past. SITRANS LR560 is the easiest-to-use solids radar transmitter on the market. With its 4-degree narrow beam and short wavelength, it performs reliably on solids material from practically any installation location.SITRANS LR100 series radar transmitters are compact instruments with a narrow beam for flexible installations. Simple setup delivers readings via Bluetooth wireless technology directly to the SITRANS mobile IQ app on a user’s mobile device—or through connection to a remote display. Custom microchip technology delivers extremely high sensitivity to detect even the weakestof signals.Continuous contactlevelSITRANS LG guided wave radar transmitter is the solution for your easiest level or interface application to your most demanding—and everything in between. With simple, reliable installation and little to no configuration, you’ll be operational in minutes, saving you time and money.Extreme process conditions don’t stand a chance, and these transmitters feature SIL options for applications requiring functional safety. Advanced diagnostics including trending, profiles, and event logging give you the data you need at every step of your process. Rapid response times and superior echo processing deliver accurate and reliable readings over the full application range, even in small containers and in low dielectric constant material. And with field- replaceable and adjustable probes, if your process changes, your measurement device can too.SITRANS LC300 is ideal for a range of liquids, solids, and interface applications in the chemical, hydrocarbon processing, and food and beverage industries. Capacitance instruments use active-shield technology to ensure true and accurate level readings are recorded.Point LevelWith options as simple or sophisticated as you need them to be, Siemens point level devices are your answer.Whether you’re looking for backup high- or low-level detection, interface, or dry run protection – these switches will reduce your maintenance, downtime, and equipment replacement costs.Remote testing? Not a problem. A range of Siemens point level instruments now feature convenient remote testing via single or two-channel remote test signal conditioners or your control system.Product buildup? Rotating point level devices specialize in low bulk density applications, ensuring accurate readings even in dusty, turbulent, and vaporous environments. And because even a small level change creates a large and detect-able change in frequency, Siemens capacitance switches provide excellent reso-lution while consistently demonstrating immunity to buildup.Need functional safety in your application? Siemens offers the world’s first rotary paddle switch with SIL options in addition to a series of SIL instruments in all our point level lines.Whatever your requirement, Siemens has a switch solution.HydrostaticHydrostatic level measurement with Siemens gauge, absolute, and differential pressure transmitters is a low cost option for direct mounting or mounting with remote seals on tanks and vessels. These instruments can handle extreme chemical and mechanical loads as well as electromagnetic interference. Theyare widely applied in chemical and petrochemical industries.SITRANS LH300SITRANS P500SITRANS LH100SITRANS P320/420Level by weightWith SIWAREX electronics and load cells, not only are you choosing the highest quality in construction, long-lasting performance, and easy integration into your weighing systems, you are also opening the doors to Siemens’ comprehensive spectrum of instrumentation.Automate all of your scales with SIWAREX weighing modules. Part of Siemens Totally Integrated Automation (TIA), SIWAREX modules can be integrated intoSIMATIC and expanded as required to meet your individual requirements.SIWAREX WP231SIWAREX WT231Load cells for levelweighingSIWAREX load cells have high precision and repeatability of weighing and batching processes. They are designed for a range of applications, especially when accuracy is a must. With Siemens, you can source both your load cells and electronics. Choose from our extensive, performance-graded line of weighing systems – with everything you need for the whole range of tasks in your industry.SIWAREX load cells are ideal in almost any industrial sector – food-processing, steel-making, chemical and pharmaceutical, to name a few. With the diverse construc t ion types and comprehensive, graded load classes ranging from 300 grams to 500 tons (6.6 pounds to 551 short tons), you are sure to find the right load cell for your application.SIWAREX WL270SIWAREX WL250SIWAREX WL230SIWAREX WL230SIWAREX WL260For comprehensive monitoring of the weighing process down to each single load cell, we offer our digital junction box SIWAREX DBRemote monitoringand displaysIdeal for remote monitoring applications including inventory levels, regulatory monitoring, remote maintenance alarming, or process and environmental moni-toring, SITRANS RTU3000C family remote data manager helps you stay connected and informed.SITRANS RD100, SITRANS RD150, SITRANS RD200, and SITRANS RD300 remote displays bring you the flexibility of seeing instrumentation readings in a conve-nient location for your operators.Our family of displays offer options for integrated pump control, totalizing, dual input, remote communication and monitoring via HART or Modbus and remote configuration of connected sensors. Siemens’ selection of displays gives you an inexpensive view into your processes.And the compact SIMATIC RTU3000C remote terminal units are energy-self- sufficient, low-power devices with flexible power supplies. Easily configured,they operate reliably even under harsh conditions and in areas prone to flooding.SITRANS RD150Go the distance with digitalizationPut your plant's data to work and see your operations open up before you with intuitive digital solutions from Siemens.Combined with our digitalization-ready instruments, apps like SITRANS mobile IQ and SITRANS SAM IQ bring usable device data directly to operators' smart-phones or tablets, giving your staff the ability to examine trends, analyze per-formance, and even commission devices.SITRANS Library provides visualized device functions to help in both the engineering phase and with process control. The measurement range on the transmitter and in the control system can be synchronized with one click, ensuring consistency between the field device and DCS system, higher reliability, and transparency.With the ability to connect your products, instruments, systems, and machines, only a complete automation and instrumentation supplier like Siemens puts the information your operators need directly in their hands. With new customer-driven apps coming to market from our world-class R&D teams, the possibilities truly are endless.SITRANS SAM IQ – Smart Asset ManagementInsight into your field devices' health status, detailed trending of process values, and access to device-specific diagnostic data: SITRANS SAM IQ delivers smart asset management directly in the app.SITRANS mobile IQThe SITRANS mobile IQ app gives you easy access to field instrumentation from your smartphone or tablet. Via a Bluetooth connection, supported field devices in the environment can be easily and quickly commissioned, parameterized and monitored.PIA Life Cycle PortalThis portal helps you select, size and configure your ideal piece of instrumentation. The portal interfaces with COMOS and exports to Siemens Industry Mall (). You are able to track the lifecycle of your instrument, see warranty and extended exchange option information as well additional informa-tion such as factory certificates (e.g., for calibration or validation).COMOSCOMOS is the engineering tool from Siemens for the entire lifecycle of your plant. With the direct integration of our PIA Lifecycle Portal, we guarantee the seamless integration of our field devices in the engineering environment. We can offer field devices best suited to your processes, properties, and measuring requirements.SIMATIC Process Device Management (PDM)Simatic Process Device Manager (PDM) is one of the most widely used tools for access of a device's parameters, diagnostic and maintenance information. More than 4,500 devices from more than 200 different manufacturers can be commissioned, parametrized, or serviced using a single program with a uniform user interface.SITRANS Library• Easy use of device-specific functions and data from devices of the SITRANS and SIPART product f amilies, such as dosing or totalizer functions in solutions with SIMATIC PCS 7• Library with device-specific function blocks, block symbols, and faceplates • Fully compatible with SIMATIC PCS 7 Standard Advanced Process Library (APL)through the entire lifecycle, from engineering to running of the plantSales and supportCustom engineeringSiemens provides custom-engineered products to solve your special application needs. From material compatibility challenges to unique size requirements, Siemens custom engineering team can help.Service around the worldPlants must function reliably at all times. Efficient and effective process instrumentation and analytics are an indispensable requirement to this end. You also need to be certain of fast and competent service from your supplier. Siemens is a global company that reacts locally. Whether you require consulting, quick delivery, or installation of new devices, the Siemens network of specialists is available to you around the world, wherever your location.Service around the clockOur online support system offers rapid, comprehensive assistance regardless of time or location. From product support to service information, Siemens Industry online support is your first choice – around the clock, 365 days a year./automation/service&supportTotally integrated automation Products from the controller level to the field levelWith Totally Integrated Automation (TIA), Siemens is the only provider of an end-to-end integrated portfolio of products and systems for the automation of the entire production workflow. From the goods receiving area to the finished goods warehouse.Totally Integrated Automation reduces the complexity of the automation solution and enables what really counts: the practical combination of optimally coordinated individual components without interface problems.Totally Integrated Automation integrates not only the production process but all parts of the company from the field level to the management level. The result: a perfectly coordinated overall concept that delivers higher productivity.Communication flexibilitySiemens TIA approach offers ease of connection to a DCS systemsuch as SIMATIC PCS 7 using industrial standards. Siemensprovides communication flexibility, supporting:• SIMATIC PDM• PROFIBUS• HART• FOUNDATION Fieldbus• Model 375/475 HART field communicatorand Emerson AMS• SmartLinx (cards are available for PROFIBUS DP,Modbus RTU, and DeviceNet)• FDT Software via SITRANS DTM31 Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | Published by Siemens AG 2020Process Industries and Drives Östliche Rheinbrückenstr. 5076187 Karlsruhe GermanyArticle No.: DIPA-B10146-00-7600 Dispo 27900WS 01182.0Printed in Germany © Siemens AG 2020Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document only contains general descriptions and/or performance features which may not always specifically reflect those described, or which may undergo modification in the course of further development of the products. The requested performance features are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.All product designations may be registered trademarks of Siemens AG. All other designations in this document may represent trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes may violate the proprietary rights of the owner.Follow us on:/siemenssensors /siemenssensors/siemensMeasuring everything that matters:/processinstrumentation Siemens Process Instrumentation offers best-in-class measurement and seamless integration into your automation system. We are the total solution provider for flow, level, pressure, temperature, weighing, positioners and more.Process Technology, Inc. | 801-264-1114 | 。

MaxBotix Choose the Proper Ultrasonic Sensor for your ApplicationThis guide will help you select the correct MaxSonar ®sensor for your use. We believe that the MaxSonar ®sensors are among the easiest to use ultrasonic rangefinders available.Outdoor Use (or rugged environments)IP67 RatedIndoor Use (or protected environments)Easy to use ultrasonic rangefinderStart HereHigh accuracy pulse width output (and others)Compensates for user mountingReal-time analogenvelope output (and others)High accuracy pulse width output (and others)Real-time analogenvelope output (and others)•Power-up calibration •Very low cost •Very small size •Real-time auto calibration •Low cost•Very small size •Real-time auto calibration •Low cost •Compact sizeLV-MaxSonar-EZ XL-MaxSonar-EZ XL-MaxSonar-AE XL-MaxSonar-WR XL-MaxSonar-WRAContinued on page 2Continued on page 2Continued on page 2Continued on page 2Continued on page 2Page 1Note 1:Objects closer than the minimum-distance-reported*, range as this value*.Note 2:Available by requestNote 3: Contact MaxBotix Inc., to have your sensor solution evaluated.Continued on page 3MaxBotix Product LineF e a t u r e sPage 2Continued on page 3Continued on page 3Continued on page 3Continued on page 3LV-MaxSonar-EZXL-MaxSonar-EZXL-MaxSonar-AEXL-MaxSonar-WRXL-MaxSonar-WRAEasy to use interface Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Trigger or Free-run Operation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Stable Range Data Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Serial OutputYes Yes Yes Yes Yes Analog Voltage Range OutputYes Yes Yes Yes Yes Pulse Width OutputYes Yes No Yes No Real-time Analog Envelope Output of the Acoustic WaveformNo No Yes NoYesOutdoor Use (IP67 Rated)No(can be mounted in a way that protects the sensor from exposure to the elements.)No(can be mounted in a way that protects the sensor from exposure to the elements.)No(can be mounted in a way that protects the sensor from exposure to the elements.)Yes Yes Recommended for Industrial UseSome Yes Yes Yes Yes Recommended for Hobby UseYes Yes Yes Yes Yes Automatic Calibration to Compensate for Changes in Temperature, Voltage, Humidity and Noise.On power uponly Yes Yes YesYes Has noise canceling Some Yes Yes Yes Yes Resolution1 inch1 cm 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm Maximum Rate Readings are taken20Hz 10Hz 10Hz 10Hz 10Hz 3.3V Operation, Average Current Draw2mA 2.1mA 2.1mA 2.1mA 2.1mA 5V Operation, Average Current Draw3mA 3.4mA 3.4mA 3.4mA 3.4mA Acoustic Frequency42kHz 42kHz 42kHz 42kHz 42kHz Minimum Object Detection Distance (1)0"0 cm0 cm0 cm0 cm Minimum Reported Distance (1)6 inches 20 cm 20 cm 25 cm 25 cm Maximum Range254 inches (6.45 meters)765 cm (2) 1068cm (25.1 feet)765 cm (2) 1068cm (25.1 feet)765 cm (2) 1068cm (25.1 feet)765 cm (2) 1068cm (25.1 feet)Semi-custom solution available to meet almost any needYes (3)Yes (3)Yes (3)Yes (3)Yes (3)LV-MaxSonar-EZSome Features:•Easy to use interface •1 inch resolution •Various calibrated beam widths•Size is less than 1 cubic inchPart Numbers:•MB1000•MB1010•MB1020•MB1030•MB1040(Please see page 4 for additional information) Possible Applications:•Robots •Distance measuring •UAV•Some industrial uses •Autonomous navigationComments:•Power up calibration compensates for various mounting arrangements and environments. •NOTE: requires user to cycle the power to recalibrate sensor if the voltage, temperature or humidity change during operation.XL-MaxSonar-EZSome Features:•Easy to use interface•1 cm resolution•Various calibratedbeam widths•Size is less than 1cubic inch•Real-time autocalibration•Real-time noiserejection•High acoustic powerPart Numbers:•MB1200•MB1210•MB1220•MB1230•MB1240(Please see page 4 foradditionalinformation)Possible Applications:•Robots•Distance measuring•UAV•Industrial uses•Autonomousnavigation•Bin levels•ChangingenvironmentconditionsComments:•Automaticallycompensates for noisyand changingenvironmentalconditions(temperature, voltageor humidity).XL-MaxSonar-AESome Features:•Easy to use interface•1 cm resolution•Various calibratedbeam widths•Size is less than 1cubic inch•Real-time autocalibration•Real-time noiserejection•High acoustic power•Real-time analogenvelopePart Numbers:•MB1300•MB1310•MB1320•MB1330•MB1340(Please see page 4 foradditionalinformation)Possible Applications:•Troubleshooting andsensor integration•User signalprocessing•Robots•Distance measuring•UAV•Industrial uses•Autonomousnavigation•Bin levels•ChangingenvironmentconditionsComments:•Same as the XL-MaxSonar-EZ butallows easyidentification oftroubleshooting issuesusing the real-timeanalog envelope.XL-MaxSonar-WRSome Features:•Easy to use interface•IP67 rated•1 cm resolution•Calibrated beamwidth•Super compact size•Real-time autocalibration•Real-time noiserejection•High acoustic powerPart Numbers:•MB7060•MB7066: longerrange(Please see page 4 foradditionalinformation)Possible Applications:•Robots•Distance measuring•Industrial uses•UAV•Autonomousnavigation•Bin levels•Changingenvironmentconditions•Tank levels•Proximity zonedetectionComments:•Automaticallycompensates for noisyand changingenvironmentalconditions(temperature, voltageor humidity).XL-MaxSonar-WRASome Features:•Easy to use interface•IP67 rated•1 cm resolution•Calibrated beamwidth•Super compact size•Real-time autocalibration•Real-time noiserejection•High acoustic power•Real-time analogenvelope outputPart Numbers:•MB7070•MB7076: Longerrange(Please see page 4 foradditionalinformation)Possible Applications:•Troubleshooting andsensor integration•User signalprocessing•Robots•Distance measuring•Industrial uses•UAV•Autonomousnavigation•Bin levels•Changingenvironmentconditions•Tank levels•Proximity zonedetectionComments:•Same as the XL-MaxSonar-WR butallows easyidentification oftroubleshooting issuesusing the real-timeanalog envelope.Page 3Continued on page 4Continued on page 4Continued on page 4Continued on page 4Continued on page 4MaxBotixXL-MaxSonar-EZ (4)MB1200MB1210MB1220MB1230MB1240XL-MaxSonar-AE (4)MB1300MB1310MB1320MB1330MB1340MaxBotix LV-MaxSonar-EZ MB1000MB1010MB1020MB1030MB1040Page 4Please download the datasheet(s) from for complete informationXL-MaxSonar-WR (5)MB7060XL-MaxSonar-WRA (5)MB7070TargetsStandard AE output (7)Clutter Present (8)TargetsStandard AE output (7)TargetClutterClutter Present (8)Note 7: Standard AE Output Targets are from left to right 0.6cm dia. at 66cm, 2.5cm dia. at 111cm, & 8.9cm dia. at 189cm. Notice the change in amplitude of the signals to compare the various parts.TargetsStandard AE output (7)Note 8: Clutter Present Target is 30cm sq. at 2 meters Conditions are1.5 meter wide hallway with cluttered sides.Clutter Present (8)Standard AE output (7)TargetsClutter Present (8)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)TargetClutterTargetClutterTargetClutterBeam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)Beam Width (6,9)TargetsStandard AE output (7)TargetClutterClutter Present (8)Beam Width (6,9)Note 6: Beam Width Targets are from left to right 0.6cm dia., 2.5cm dia.,&8.9cm dia. Part to part beam widths scale is approximately equal. Black line is 5V, red dot is 3.3V.Note 4: Part Similarities The MB12XX and MB13XX parts have the same operational characteristics except the MB12XX parts have pulse width output and the MB13XX have the real-time analog envelope of the wave form. Part Number SelectionThis section is designed to help users select the right part number for their application. Use the beam width andanalog envelope output to compare the products and select the best sensor for your application.Note 5: Part Similarities The MB706X and MB707X part(s) have the same operational characteristics except the MB706X parts have pulse width output and theMB707X have the real-time analog envelope of the wave form.Clutter Present (8)TargetClutterTargetsStandard AE output (7)More sensors in WR product line coming soonNote 9: Custom beam patterns available.。

基于单片机无线遥控小车设计英文范文Design of Wireless Remote Control Car Based on Single Chip Microcomputer。

With the rapid development of technology, the application of single-chip microcomputers in various fields has become more and more extensive. One of the most interesting applications is the design of a wireless remote control car based on a single-chip microcomputer. In this article, we will discuss the design and implementation of such a car.The main components of the wireless remote control car include a single-chip microcomputer, motor driver, wireless communication module, and various sensors. The single-chip microcomputer serves as the brain of the car, controlling its movement and receiving commands from the remote control. The motor driver is used to control the speed and direction of the car, while the wireless communication module enables communication between the remote control and the car. Sensors such as ultrasonic sensors and infrared sensors can be used to detect obstacles and avoid collisions.The design of the wireless remote control car begins with the selection of the single-chip microcomputer. The microcontroller should have sufficient processing power and I/O ports to control the motors, communicate wirelessly, and interface with sensors. Popular choices for single-chip microcontrollers include the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and STM32.Once the microcontroller is selected, the next step is to design the motor control circuit. This circuit typically consists of H-bridge motor drivers, which allow the microcontroller to control the speed and direction of the motors. The motors themselves can be DC motors or servo motors, depending on the requirements of the car.After the motor control circuit is designed and tested, the wireless communication module is integrated into the system. This module can be based on technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or RF. The remote control is equipped with a similar wireless module, allowing the user to send commands to the car.In addition to motor control and wireless communication, sensors are an important part of the wireless remote control car. Ultrasonic sensors can be used to measure the distance to obstacles in front of the car, while infrared sensors can detect obstacles on the sides or rear of the car. These sensors provide input to the microcontroller, allowing the car to navigate and avoid collisions autonomously.Once all the components are integrated, the software for the wireless remote control car is developed. This software includes the control algorithm for the motors, the communication protocol between the remote control and the car, and the obstacle avoidance logic based on sensor input. The software is typically written in C or C++, and can be developed using the Arduino IDE, Raspberry Pi IDE, or other integrated development environments.After the hardware and software are developed, the wireless remote control car is assembled and tested. The car should be able to move in all directions, respond to commands from the remote control, and avoid obstacles using the sensors. Any issues or bugs in the design are identified and fixed during the testing phase.In conclusion, the design of a wireless remote control car based on a single-chip microcomputer is a challenging and rewarding project. By carefully selecting components, designing circuits, integrating sensors, and developing software, it is possible to create a fully functional remote control car that can navigate and avoid obstacles wirelessly. This project is a great way to learn about electronics, programming, and robotics, and can be a fun and educational experience for hobbyists and students alike.。

DatasheetUltrasonic Sensors with TEACH-Mode Programming•Fast, easy-to-use TEACH-Mode programming; no potentiometer adjustments•Program both outputs together or independently, with either an upward or a downward analogoutput slope•Remote TEACH for security and convenience•Choose models with 150 mm to 1 m range (5.9 in to 39.4 in) or 300 mm to 2 m range (11.8 in to78.7 in)•Wide operating range of –20 °C to +70 °C (–4 °F to +158 °F)•Choose models with NPN or PNP discrete output, plus 0 to 10V dc or 4 to 20 mA sourcing analogoutput•LED indicators for Power ON/OFF; Signal Strength; and Analog/Discrete Outputs Conducting•Choose models with integral unterminated 2 m (6.5 ft) or 9 m (30 ft) cable, or with M12/Euro-stylequick-disconnect connection•Compact, self-contained sensor package•Rugged design for use in demanding sensing environments; rated IEC IP67, NEMA 6PWARNING:•Do not use this device for personnel protection•Using this device for personnel protection could result in serious injury or death.•This device does not include the self-checking redundant circuitry necessary to allow its use in personnel safety applications. A device failure or malfunction can cause either an energized (on) or de-energized (off) output condition.Models—Proximity ModeOverviewThe U-GAGE is an easy-to-use ultrasonic sensor, ideal for demanding environments. Simple push-button programming provides flexibility for a variety of applications. Excellent for measurement applications such as sensing of liquid levels in a tank or, for example, determining box heights for sorting purposes.Each sensor includes both an analog and a discrete output, which may be programmed independently with different window limits or together with identical limits. Each output has the option of being set with a sensing distance set point centered within a 10-mm window.U-GAGE® T30 Series with Analog and DiscreteOutputsFeatures and IndicatorsU-GAGE Figure 1. U-GAGE T30 Series sensor programming push buttons and indicatorsNote: All LED indicators momentarily turn off when the sensor changes state between Program and Run modes.The U-GAGE sensor has four LED indicators. The red Signal LED indicates the strength and condition of the sensor's incoming signal. Each amberOutput LED, whether analog or discrete, turns on when a target is sensed within the programmed window limits. The green Power ON/OFF LED indicates the operating status of the sensor. There are two modes of indication for the LED indicators: Run Mode and Program Mode.In Run mode:In Program mode:WiringNPN*It is recommended that the shield wire be connected to either earth ground or DC common.–+ PNP*It is recommended that the shield wire be connected to either earth ground or DC common.–+Cabled wiring diagrams are shown. Quick disconnect wiring diagrams are functionally identical.Configuring a Sensor Window LimitsWindow limits can be taught to the sensor in several ways, using either the push buttons on the back of the sensor or remote input.Note: When the sensor changes state between PROGRAM and RUN modes, all of the LED indicators turn OFF momentarily,before the appropriate LEDs come ON as described below. The sensing window limits expand temporarily to full scale (max range) during PROGRAM mode.Remote InputTo program the sensor remotely or to disable the keypad, use the Remote Programming function. In addition to programming the sensor, use the remote input to disable the buttons for security, preventing unauthorized or accidental programming changes. Connect the gray wire of the sensor to +12 V dc to 24 V dc, with a remote programming switch connected between them.Note: The impedance of the remote teach input is 55 kΩ.Programming is accomplished by following the sequence of input pulses. The duration of each pulse (corresponding to a push button “click”), and the period between multiple pulses, are defined as: 0.04 seconds < T < 0.8 seconds.Note: To exit PROGRAM mode without saving any changes, hold the Remote line high > 2 seconds (before teaching the second limit). The sensor reverts to the last saved program.LimitOutput 2 Limits OnlyLimitLimitPush Button Locked out(or Enabled)Output 1Limits OnlyLimit Both OutputsTogetherPush ButtonLockout (or Enable)0.04 sec < T < 0.8 secFigure 2. Timing programs for remote TEACH programmingGeneral Notes on Configuration•The sensor returns to Run mode if the first TEACH condition is not registered within 120 seconds.•After the first limit is taught, the sensor remains in Program mode until the TEACH sequence is finished.•To exit PROGRAM mode without saving any changes, press and hold the programming push button > 2 seconds or hold the Remote line high > 2 seconds (before teaching the second limit). The sensor reverts to the last saved program.Configuring Limits for Either Analog or Discrete OutputNote: To exit PROGRAM mode without saving any changes, press and hold the programming push button > 2 seconds or hold the Remote line high > 2 seconds (before teaching the second limit). The sensor reverts to the last saved program.1.Choose the output for the first set of window limits (analog or discrete).2.Configure the first limit.3.Teach the second limit.4.Repeat for the other output (analog or discrete) if a second output is desired.Configure Analog or Discrete Limits Using the Auto-Zero FeatureFor some applications, a sensing distance set point centered within a minimum sensing window may be required. The TEACH procedure for this application is simple: configuring the same limit twice causes the sensor to program a 10-mm window centered on the position taught (position ±5mm).Note: The sensor allows for some forgiveness in this procedure. If the two limits are not exactly the same (but closer than the minimum 10-mm window required), the sensor places the set point at the average of the two limits.Configuring Identical Limits for Both Analog and Discrete Outputs SimultaneouslyTo set both the analog and the discrete outputs at exactly the same limits, both may be set simultaneously.1.Enter PROGRAM mode.2.Configure the first limit.3.Teach the second limit.Push Button LockoutAnalog OutputThe U-GAGE T30 Series series sensor may be configured for either a positive or a negative output slope, based on which condition is taught first (see Figure 3 on page 6). If the near limit is taught first, the slope is positive; if the far limit is taught first, the slope is negative. Banner’s scalable analog output automatically distributes the output signal over the width of the programmed sensing window.The U-GAGE T30 Series also features a 2-second hold upon loss of the received analog signal, which is useful for harsh and unstable applications.In the event of analog signal loss for longer than 2 seconds, the analog output goes to 3.6 mA or 0 V dc, which may be used to trigger an alarm.Current-Sourcing Models Target Position Positive SlopeNear WindowFar WindowA n a l o g O u t p u t (m A )204Negative SlopeVoltage-Sourcing ModelsTarget PositionPositive SlopeNearWindowFar WindowV o l t a g e O u t p u t (V d c )100Negative SlopeFigure 3. Positive and Negative Output SlopesNote: The analog current output tracks slightly past each window limit (from 3.8 to 20.5 mA).Self-Diagnostic Error ModeIn the unlikely event of a microprocessor memory error, all of the LEDs will flash in sequence. If this occurs, the setup parameters have been lost and the sensor may be corrupt. Contact Banner Engineering for further information.SpecificationsProximity Mode RangeA suffix models: 150 mm (5.9 in) minimum near limit; 1 m (39 in) maximum far limitB suffix models: 300 mm (11.8 in) minimum near limit; 2 m (79 in) maximum far limit Supply VoltageCurrent-sourcing analog output models: 12 V dc to 24 V dc (10% maximum ripple) at 90 mA, exclusive of loadVoltage-sourcing analog output models: 15 V dc to 24V dc (10% maximum ripple) at 90 mA, exclusive of load Supply Protection CircuitryProtected against reverse polarity and transient voltages Output ConfigurationsDiscrete (switched) output: SPST solid-state switch conducts when target is sensed within sensing window; choose NPN or PNP modelsAnalog output: Choose 0 V dc to 10 V dc sourcing or 4 mA to 20 mA sourcing output models; output slope may be selected via TEACH sequence (see Window Limits on page 3)Output RatingsDiscrete (switched) output: 100 mA maximumOff-state leakage current: less than 5 microampsOn-state saturation voltage: less than 1 V at 10 mA and less than 1.5 V at 100 mA Analog output:Voltage sourcing: 0 V dc to 10 V dc (at 1K Ω minimum resistance)Current sourcing: 4 to 20 mA, 1 Ω to Rmax Rmax = V supply - 7V / 20 mA Output Protection CircuitryProtected against output short-circuit, continuous overload, transient overvoltages,and false pulse on power-up Output Response Time Discrete output:“A” suffix models: 48 milliseconds “B” suffix models: 96 milliseconds Analog output:“A” suffix models: 48 milliseconds average, 16-millisecond update “B”suffix models: 96 milliseconds average, 32-millisecond update ConstructionMolded reinforced thermoplastic polyester housingSensing PerformanceNote: Specified using a 10 cm × 10 cm aluminum target at 25 ºC under fixed sensing conditions.Analog sensing resolution: ±0.25% of measured distance Analog linearity: ±0.5% of full-scale sensing range Sensing repeatability: ±0.25% of distance Minimum window size: 10 mm (0.4 in)Hysteresis of discrete output: 2.5 mm (0.10 in)AdjustmentsSensing window limits (analog or discrete): TEACH-mode programming of near and far window limits may be set using the push buttons on the sensor or remotely via TEACH input (see Configuring a Sensor on page 3). Discrete and analog window limits may be programmed separately, or together.Analog output slope: the first limit taught is assigned to the minimum output value (4mA or 0V)Environmental RatingLeakproof design is rated IEC IP67; NEMA 6P Connections2 m (6.5 ft) or 9 m (30 ft) 5-conductor PVC-covered attached cable, or 5-pin Euro-style quick-disconnect fitting Operating ConditionsTemperature: –20 °C to +70 °C (–4 °F to +158 °F)100% maximum relative humidity Application NotesObjects passing inside the specified near limit will produce a false response.Note: For more information about out-of-range and signal loss response of the analog output, see Analog Output on page 5.Vibration and Mechanical ShockAll models meet MIL-STD-202F, Method 201A (Vibration: 10 Hz to 60 Hz maximum,0.06 inch (1.52 mm) double amplitude, 10G maximum acceleration) requirements. Also meets IEC 60947-5-2 (Shock: 30G 11 ms duration, half sine wave) requirements.CertificationsDimensionsM30 x 1.5ThreadQuick-Disconnect ModelsPerformance Curves00200 mm (8.0 in)400 mm (16.0 in)600 mm (24.0 in)800 mm (32.0 in)1000 mm (40.0 in)50501001001501502002002.0 in 2.0 in 4.0 in4.0 in 6.0 in 6.0 in8.0 in 8.0 in DISTANCEW I D T H (m m )Figure 4. A Models 00400 mm (16.0 in)800 mm (32.0 in)1200 mm (48.0 in)1600 mm (64.0 in)2000 mm (80.0 in)10010020020030030040040004.0 in 4.0 in 8.0 in 8.0 in 12.0 in 12.0 in16.0 in 16.0 inDISTANCEWI D T H (m m )Figure 5. B Models05050100100150150200200(8.0 in)(16.0 in)(24.0 in)(32.0 in)(40.0 in)2.0 in 2.0 in 4.0 in4.0 in 6.0 in 6.0 in8.0 in 8.0 in DISTANCE W I D T H (m m )Figure 6. A Models 010*******200300300400400DISTANCE400 mm (16.0 in)800 mm (32.0 in)1200 mm (48.0 in)1600 mm (64.0 in)2000 mm (80.0 in)04.0 in 4.0 in 8.0 in 8.0 in 12.0 in12.0 in16.0 in 16.0 inW I D T H (m m )Figure 7. B ModelsAccessories CordsetsBracketsAll measurements are in mm.Banner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: .For patent information, see /patents.。

基于MSP430单片机的液位测量仪设计摘要：本文介绍了基于MSP430系列单片机的液位测量仪的组成、原理、硬件及软件设计，并介绍了多路复用测量和控制仪器对页面测量和控制。

该系统由压力传感器、信号处理电路、电磁阀、输出驱动电路、汉字液晶显示器、键盘、光报警电路和MSP430MCU 组成，实现了液位自动监测和自动报警功能。

关键词：液位测量；主从通信；MSP430SCM ；V/F 转换器中国图书分类：TP273 文献标示码：B1． 前言测量和控制仪表的液位表属于智能仪表，是20世纪70年代开发成功的。

这是一个智能的可综合测量和可控制相结合的产品，可在许多工业领域用于测量各种介质的液位。

例如：石化、冶金、电工、电力、制药、环保产业。

该仪器可以测量液位，并计算出它的重量，所以它可以用来测量、控制液体静态、动态地品种，还有全球报警功能。

2． 系统设计2．1 液位传感器的选择有各种各样的传感器可以用于液位测量，例如：压力传感器、超声波传感器、浮动式传感器等。

系统设计不仅需要实现测量液位的功能，还要探测出液体的重量。

在实验中，检测液体的重量P 是直接通过计算获得，这是ρ⨯⨯=S H P (H 为液体公分，S 是圆的面积， ρ是液体密度)。

因此，用1厘米的液体测量构造系统来进步测量液位重量的测量精度。

此外，我们认为，压力传感器接口电路比超声波传感器容易，所以我们决定采用压力传感器。

2．2 MSP430系列单片机低功耗16位的MSP430单片机，具有典型特征的SOC ，是大量的外围集成设备。

特别是微调波特率内部集成器件，它可以使任何单片机晶体振荡器工作在32768Hz 以上(但不超出晶体振荡器上限)，其通信频率的选择没有小数限制，也就是说，它可以使用答应频带率范围内的晶体振荡器工作在任何的频率值。

此外，MSP430单片机内部集成有温度传感器，因此它可以很方便的实现对压力传感器测量液位的温度补偿。

此外，MSP430系列单片机针对不同的模块有不同的应用和微控制器，还设计了电池供电，它可以工作很长时间。

W h e r e Do I Find Everything I Need for P r ocess Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at T E M P E R A T U R EInfrared P yrometersPRESSURE,S TRAIN A ND F ORCEAir V elocity I ndicatorsWARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s Warranty adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s C u s t o m e r Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by O M E G A , if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. O M E G A ’s WARRANTY does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing,operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. This WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibra-tion; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of O M E G A ’s control. Components which wear are not warranted, including but not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by it will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity;or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way,OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANTY/DISCLAIMER language,and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of the Product(s) in such a manner.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department.BEFORE RETURNING ANY PRODUCT(S) TO OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBTAIN AN AUTHORIZED RETURN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT (IN ORDER TO AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.The purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent breakage in transit.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1.Purchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2.Model and serial number of the product under warranty, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS,consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2.Model and serial number of the product, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2001 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. This document may not be copied, photocopied,reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, withoutthe prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.Servicing North America:USA:One Omega Drive, Box 4047ISO 9001 CertifiedStamford CT 06907-0047Tel: (203) 359-1660FAX: (203) 359-7700e-mail:**************Canada:976 BergarLaval (Quebec) H7L 5A1Tel: (514) 856-6928FAX: (514) 856-6886e-mail:*************For immediate technical or application assistance:USA and Canada:Sales Service: 1-800-826-6342 / 1-800-TC-OMEGA ®Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 / 1-800-622-BEST ®Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 / 1-800-USA-WHEN ®TELEX: 996404 EASYLINK: 62968934 CABLE: OMEGAMexico:En Espan˜ol: (001) 203-359-7803e-mail:*****************FAX: (001) 203-359-7807**************.mxServicing Europe:Benelux:Postbus 8034, 1180 LA Amstelveen, The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)20 3472121FAX: +31 (0)20 6434643Toll Free in Benelux: 0800 0993344e-mail:*****************Czech Republic:Rude´ arma ´dy 1868, 733 01 Karvina´ 8Tel: +420 (0)69 6311899FAX: +420 (0)69 6311114Toll Free: 0800-1-66342e-mail:***************France:9, rue Denis Papin, 78190 Trappes Tel: +33 (0)130 621 400FAX: +33 (0)130 699 120Toll Free in France: 0800-4-06342e-mail:**************Germany/Austria:Daimlerstrasse 26, D-75392 Deckenpfronn, GermanyTel: +49 (0)7056 9398-0FAX: +49 (0)7056 9398-29TollFreeinGermany************e-mail:*************United Kingdom:One Omega Drive, River Bend Technology CentreISO 9002 CertifiedNorthbank, Irlam, Manchester M44 5BD United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)161 777 6611FAX: +44 (0)161 777 6622Toll Free in United Kingdom: 0800-488-488e-mail:**************.ukOMEGAnet ®Online ServiceInternet e-mail w w w i n f o @o m e g a .c o mIt is the policy of OMEGA to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations thatapply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CE mark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA Engineering, Inc. accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, patient-connected applications.Unpacking InstructionsRemove the Packing List and verify that you have received allequipment, including the following (quantities in parenthesis):LVU-800 & LVU-1100 Ultrasonic Level Measurement System (1)Operator’s Manual (1)If you have any questions about the shipment, please call OMEGACustomer Service Department.When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment forsigns of damage. Note any evidence of rough handling in transit.Immediately report any damage to the shipping agent.If you select “SLFC” mode1 = Automatic fill control2 = Automatic empty controlAlarm #1 relay will act as a auto fill /auto empty control relaySECTION 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.1 System Description 11.2 Principles of Operation 1SECTION 2 INSTALLATION2.1 Control Unit Installation 22.2 Sensor Installation 2 2.3 Wiring Diagram (Fig. 1) 32.4 Calibration Diagram (Fig 2) 4LVU-800 & LVU-1100 SeriesUltrasonic Level SystemsSystem Configuration DocumentSITE LOCATION ID:JOB:UNIT SERIAL NUMBERDATE:PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS, PROGRAMMED BY:HEIGHT MODE:u DISTANCE MODE:u ANALOG OFFSET:u Y u 4-20 mA u 2-10 V u Nu 0-20 mA u 0-10 V DISPLAY MODE:u 0u 1u2LOST ECHO MODE:u 0u 1u 2u STD. ALARM u AUTOMATIC FILL u AUTOMATIC EMPTYSECTION 3 LVU-1100 PROGRAMMING DESCRIPTIONAND PROMPT LIST3.1 General63.2 Calibration Procedure 6SECTION 4 LVU-800 PROGRAMMING DESCRIPTIONAND PROMPT LIST4.1 General94.2 Calibration Procedure 94.3 Dimensional Drawings 12SECTION 5 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION DOCUMENT5.1 General13112System DescriptionSECTION I SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThe OMEGA Model, LVU-800 / LVU-1100 Series Liquid Level Systems are state-of-the-art level measurement instruments.Based on the latest ultrasonic technologies, the LVU-800 / LVU-1 1 0 0Series provide an efficient, reliable and cost effective means of level control.The LVU-800 / LVU-1100 Series consist of 2 major components: a non-contacting ultrasonic sensor and a compact, remote electronic control.The LVU-800 / LVU-1100 Series sensor is available in a variety of sizes and materials to suite virtually any application. Standard mounting configurations include 3/4” and 2” NPT fittings. Sensor materials of construction include 316 SS, kynar or teflon.LVU-1100 Series4-20 MA Transmitter continuous output with two programmable alarm relay with auto fill / auto empty mode.LVU-800 SeriesTwo programmable alarm relay with independent alarm, auto fill / auto empty mode.1.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONIn operation, the electronics generates an electronic signal that is converted by the sensor (mounted on top of the vessel) to a burst of ultrasonic pulses. These pulses are transmitted through the air towards the liquid surface. As the pulses reach the liquid surface, they are reflected back to the sensor. These received echoes are converted back to an electronic signal, which is then sent to a microprocessor. The microprocessor uses the return signals to calculate the it takes for the pulses to travel to the liquid surface and back. This “Time of Flight” is directly proportional to the distance of the liquid surface from the sensor. The microprocessor then compares these calculated values with user programmed system parameters to provide the required controloutput.*3/4” NPT Teflon ® Sensor Length 2” (50.8mm) STDDIMENSIONAL DRAWINGSPROMPT DEFINITION DESCRIPTIONS L _ S SELECT SPAN PROGRAMS THE SYSTEMSANALOG OUTPUT SPANMEASURED IN INCHES FROM THEZERO POINT.S L L E SELECT LOST PROGRAM ONE OF THE THREEANALOG VARIABLES ON SIGNAL ECHO LOSSOUTPUT0 = OUTPUT GOES TO 4 mA1 = OUTPUT HOLDS LASTG O O D V A L U E2 = OUTPUT GOES TO 20 mAInstallation2.3 WIRING DIAGRAMPROMPTDEFINITIONDESCRIPTIONS L A 1SELECT ALARM PROGRAM ALARM RELAY #1 TRIP RELAY 1AS DESIRED, MEASURED IN INCHES FROM FACE OF PROBE EXAMPLE: 18” = ‘0 1 8.0’(THIS PROMPT NOT AVAILABLE IF “S L F C” IS SET TO 1 OR 2)S L A 2SELECT ALARM PROGRAM ALARM RELAY # 2 AS RELAY 2AS DESCRIBED ABOVES L A HSELECT ALARM (THIS PROMPT ONLY AVAILABLE HIGH LEVELIF “S L F C” IS SET TO 1 OR 5)PROGRAM THE HIGHEST LEVELPOINT AS MEASURE IN INCHES FROM THE SENSOR FACE FOR ALL 2-5 OPERATIONS.S L A LSELECT ALARM (THIS PROMPT ONLY AVAILABLE LOW LEVELIF “S L F C” IS SET TO 1 OR 5)PROGRAM THE LOW LEVEL POINT AS MEASURE IN INCHES FROM THE SENSOR FACE FOR ALL 2-5OPERATIONS.S L A 3PUMP START PROGRAM PUMP START LEVEL POINT LEVELAS MEASURED IN INCHES FROM THE SENSOR FACE. THIS PROMPT IS ONLY AVAILABLE IF SLFC IS SET TO 5S L D HSELECT THE HEIGHT MODE PROVIDES AN DISTANCEANALOG OUTPUT PROPOTTIONAL MEASUREMENT TO THE LIQUID LEVEL, AND THE MODESDISTANCE MODE PROVIDES AN INVERSE OUTPUT.H = HEIGHT MEASUREMENT d = DISTANCE MEASUREMENT S L O SSELECT ALLOWS FOR AN ANALOG OFFSET ANALOGREFERENCED TO 0mA OR 4 mAEXAMPLE: 0-20 mA VERSUS 4-20 mA OR 0-10 Vdc OR 2-10 Vdc 1 = 4-20 mA dc 0 = 0-20 mA dcS L _ 0SELECT ZEROPROGRAMS THE SYSTEM ZERO POINT FOR THE ANALOG OUTPUT AS MEASURED IN INCHES FROMTHE FACE OF THE SENSOR492.4 CALIBRATION DIAGRAMLVU-800 ProgrammingDescription and Prompt ListSECTION IV LVU-800 PROGRAMMINGDESCRIPTION AND PROMPT LIST 4.1 GENERALThe LVU-800 Series is calibrated via push-button entry switches (Program & Increment) and an onboard digital display, which provides the necessary programming prompts. All data entered during the calibration procedure is stored in a non volatile memory to prevent loss of data in the event of a power failure.During the calibration procedure you may refer to the programming Prompt List and the calibration diagram in this manual.4.2 CALBRATION PROCEDUREUnscrew the control unit cover and simultaneously depress and hold the Program and Increment buttons. After approximately three (3) seconds,the onboard programming display will issue the prompt “COdE”.Release both buttons and press the Program button.Follow chart below for programming setup.58InstallationLVU-800ProgrammingDescription and Prompt ListLVU-1100 ProgrammingDescription and Prompt List67 SECTION III LVU-1100 PROGRAMMINGDESCRIPTION AND PROMPT LIST3.1 GENERALThe LVU-1100 Series is calibrated via push-button entry switches(Program & Increment) and an onboard digital display, which providesthe necessary programming prompts. All data entered during thecalibration procedure is stored in a non volatile memory to prevent lossof data in the event of a power failure.During the calibration procedure you may refer to the programmingPrompt List and the calibration diagram in this manual.3.2 CALBRATION PROCEDUREUnscrew the control unit cover and simultaneously depress and hold theProgram and Increment buttons. After approximately three (3) seconds,the onboard programming display will issue the prompt “COdE”.Release both buttons and press the Program button.Follow chart below for programming setup.PROMPT DEFINITION DESCRIPTIONS L F C SELECT RELAY DEFINES THE OPERATIONAL MODEFUNCTIONS ALARM RELAY #1, AS FOLLOWS0=STD (INDEPENDENT ALARMS)1=AUTOMATIC FILL CONTROLS2=AUTOMATIC EMPTY CONTROL3=LEAD/LAG WITH ALTERNATEPUMP AND AUTOMATIC FILLPUMP CONTROL4=LEAD/LAG WITH ALTERNATEPUMP AND AUTOMATIC EMPTYPUMP CONTROL5=ALTERNATE PUMP CONTROLWITH THREE SETTING, AUTOEMPTY MODE.S L A 1SELECT ALARM PROGRAM ALARM RELAY #1 TRIPRELAY 1AS DESIRED, MEASURED IN INCHESFROM FACE OF PROBEEXAMPLE: 18” = ‘0 1 8.0’(THIS PROMPT NOT AVAILABLE IF “S L F C” IS SET TO 1 OR 2)。

Ultrasonic sensor UB500-F42S-E5-V15R e l e a s e d a t e : 2016-02-26 11:35D a t e o f i s s u e : 2016-02-26133981_e n g .x m lFunctional DescriptionThe sensor may be completely parameterised via two keys on the side panel of the housing. As a special feature provided by this sensor, the ultrasound beam width may be adapted to the environmental conditions at the place of operation of the sen-sor.Specifying the switching points:When specifying the switching points, the user determines at which points the switching output changes its state. The order of the switching points A1 > A2, or A1< A2 also determines the direction of action (i.e. normally-closed/normally-open con-tact function).DimensionsElectrical ConnectionPinoutAccessoriesMH 04-3505Mounting aid for FP and F42 sensors MHW 11Mounting brackets for sensorsV15-G-2M-PVCFemale cordset, M12, 5-pin, PVC cable Membrane keysLED window7.552.515.55.2101053415M 12x 1806580651634A 1A2T E A C H I NM O D ES E TStandard symbol/Connections:(version E5, pnp)Program inputSync. input Switch output Wire colors in accordance with EN 60947-5-2.+ U B1- U B2435(BN)(WH)(GY)(BK)(BU)UConnector V1523145Additional InformationProgrammable operation modesObject distance1. Switching point modeN. C.A2N. O.A1Object-presence A1, A23. Hysteresis modeN. C.A2 > A1N. O.A1 > A2Detection-limit2. Window modeN. O.A2 > A1N. C.A1> A2Note:means: cover transducer surface with your hand, while teaching the switching point.If A1 = A2, the output works like A2 > A1Unusable areaA1A2A1A2A1A2A1A2A2A1R e l e a s e d a t e : 2016-02-26 11:35D a t e o f i s s u e : 2016-02-26133981_e n g .x m lThe A2 switching point is specified via the A2 key, analogous to the description above.Alternatively, the switching points may also be specified electrically via the learn input. To specify the A1 switching point, the learn input must be connected to-U B ; to specify the A2 switching point, it must be connected to +U B . Specified values are saved upon the disconnection from the learn input.Switching points may only be specified directly after Power on. A time lock secures the adjusted switching points against unin-tended modification 5 minutes after the last keypress. To modify the switching points later, the user may specify the desired values only after a new Power On.Proceed as follows to parameterise the output function and the ultrasound beam width:Press the A1 key during Power on and hold down the key for another second to ensure that the sensor starts the two-step pa-rameterisation of the operating modes.Step 1, parameterisation of the output functionThe output function parameterised last is displayed. All output functions available may be selected via consecutive, brief strokes of the A2 key. These strokes are visualised via short flashes of the green LED.sor returns to normal mode. Step 2 may be initiated by briefly pressing the A1 key (parameterisation of the ultrasound beam width).Step 2, parameterisation of the ultrasound beam widthIn the near range, via Step 2, the ultrasound beam width may be adapted to the requirements of the corresponding application.The beam width parameterised last is displayed first. Available beam width settings may be selected via consecutive, brief strokes of the A2 key. These strokes are visualised via the flash sequence of the red LED.sor returns to normal mode. Briefly press the A1 key to return to Step 1 (parameterisation of the output function).If the parameterisation mode is not terminated within 5 minutes after last keypress (by holding down the A1 key for 2 seconds),the sensor aborts this mode without modifying the settings.SynchronisationThe sensor has a synchronisation port to suppress mutual influencing. If this port has not been connected, the sensor works at an internally generated cycle rate. Several sensors may be synchronised via the following options.Specifying the A1 switching point by pressing the A1 keyHolding down the A1key > 2 secondsThe sensor switches to learn mode and the user may specify the A1 switching pointPositioning the target object at the desired distance The yellow LED of the sensor flashes fast to indicate that the target object has been recognised. The red LED flashes if the object has not been recognised.Briefly pressing the A1 keyThe sensor terminates the specification of the A1switching point and saves it as a non-volatile value. The specified value is invalid if the object is uncertain (i.e. the red LED lights up at irregular intervals). The learn mode is exited.R e l e a s e d a t e : 2016-02-26 11:35D a t e o f i s s u e : 2016-02-26133981_e n g .x m lExternal synchronisation:The sensor may be synchronised via the external application of a square wave voltage. A synchronisation pulse on the syn-chronisation input initiates a measuring cycle. The pulse width must be greater than 100 µs. The measuring cycle is started with the falling edge. A low level > 1 s or an open synchronisation input initiate the transition to normal sensor mode. A high level on the synchronisation input deactivates the sensor.Two modes are possible:- Several sensors are controlled via the same synchronisation signal. The sensors work in common mode.- The synchronisation pulses are forwarded at cyclic intervals to respectively one single sensor. The sensors work in multiplex mode.Self-synchronisation:The synchronisation ports of up to 5 sensors suitable for self-synchronisation are connected to each other. These sensors work in multiplex mode after Power on. The On delay increases depending on the number of sensors to be synchronised. While the learn mode is active, no synchronisation is possible (and vice-versa). To specify the switching points, the sensors must be op-erated in non-synchronised mode.Note:If the synchronisation option is not used, the synchronisation input must be connected to ground (0V) or the sensor must be operated with a (4-pole) V1 connecting cable.。