跨文化交际课程unit5

Supplement: Verbal Communication
5. Instrumental and Affective Style ▪ An instrumental verbal style is sender-based and
goal-outcome based. The instrumental speaker uses communication to achieve some goal or outcome. The burden of understanding often rests with the speaker. ▪ An affective communication style is receiver and process oriented. The affective speaker is concerned not so much with the outcome of the communication, but with the process. The responsibility of understanding rests with both the speaker and the listener.
Supplement: Verbal Communication
2. Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement Verbal Styles
▪ The self-enhancement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.
Supplement: Verbal Communication

HIGH-CONTEXT • 内隐，含蓄 • 暗码信息 • 较多非语言编码 • 反应很少外露 • 人际关系紧密 • 内外有别 • 高承诺 • 时间处理高度灵活
LOW-CONTEXT • 外显，明了 • 明码信息 • 较多语言编码 • 反应外露 • 人际关系不密切 • 内外灵活 • 低承诺 • 时间高度组化
• conversation style P 170 (for further learning) How do you explain the 3 dialogues, relating to the High/Low Context Culture theory (direct/indirect) ?
High-Context Cultures Japanese Chinese Korean …. …. American Scandinavian German German-Swiss Low-Context Cultures
• conversation style P 180 How do these speakers make requests? What do you think you can learn from these scenes / dialogues?
Robert Kaplan’s journal article, “Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-Cultural Education”: Students wrote English with different organizational patterns组织模式 depending on their first-language backgrounds.
– English: straightforward – Chinese/Oriental: circular; definitive(确定的) summary statements of main arguments are delayed till the end

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Chapter 5
Starting to talk
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Chapter 5: Starting to talk
• Even though etiquette codes vary from cultures to cultures, we often simply assume that our meanings are shared with those with whom we are communicating. If two people are speaking the same language, each of them may not realize that the other is following a different and unknown behavioral code.
• 7. Expressing sincerity
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Chapter 5: Starting to talk
• 8. Silence, questions, and topics
11Biblioteka Chapter 5: Starting to talk
• 5. Direct and indirect communication
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Chapter 5: Starting to talk
• 6. The concept of face
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Chapter 5: Starting to talk
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Chapter 5: Starting to talk
• 4. Making mistakes • Even when people consider all the factors they should keep in mind when they initiate contact, they might still make mistakes, which might be funny, more serious, embarrassing, and even cause harm or being potentially dangerous.

parents give financial support to their Children are expected to pay back the children attending university, they do money loaned by their parents for their not expect their children to pay back university education. the money. Dependence is the expressio of strong family bonds of affection. Fostering independence in children from an early age is the true expression of real family feeling.
munication between Men and Women
The differences do exist in the way males and females communicate, and the more significant differences are cultural. In other words, there are social expectations of how to be male or female. Women tend to speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy, whereas men speak and hear a language of status and independence. (Deborah Tannen, “You Just Don’t Understand”)