高级英语第二册1、2、3、5、7、10单元修辞

⾼级英语1-9单元修辞⼿法总结Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as”or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是⼀种修辞，通常⽤指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从⽽暗⽰⼆者之间的相似之处。

Lesson2I. Are they really the same flesh as youself?——rhetorical question2. They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into then ameless mounds of the graveyard. — alliterati on ‘metaphor 3.Sore-eyed childre n clustereverywhere in un believable nu mbers,like clouds of flies. — simile4. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. ——irony5. There was a fren zied rush of Jews. — tran sferred epithet6. A white skin is always fairly con spicuous. — syn ecdoche7. What gover nment service.——rhetorical questi on8. L ong lines of wome n,be nt double like in verted capital Ls,work their way slowly across thefields. — simile9. This kind of thing makes one 10.1 am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest toscrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a whiteskin. ------ s yn ecdoche12. And really it was like watch ing a flock of cattle to see the long colu mn,a mile or two miles ofarmed men.—simile13. -------- w hile the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direct ion, glitteri ng likescraps of paper. metaphorLesson31. no one has any idea where it will go as it mean ders or leaps and sprkles or justglows. ----- metaphor2. they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.They are like the musketeers ofDumas — simile3. sudde nly the alchemy of con versati on took place — metaphor4. the glow of the con versatio n burst into flames ---- metaphor5. The con versatio n was on win gs. --- metaphor6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasa nt. ----- m etaphor7. The Elizabetha ns blew on it as on a dan deli on clock,a nd its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.— simile's blodrisoolnymyun derstateme nt8. I have an unending love affair with dicti on aries. ------ metaphor,alliterati on9. the King ' s English slips and slides in conversation. metaphor,a—eration10. Otherwise one will bind the conversation,one will not let it flow freely here andthere. ----- metaphor11. We would never have gone to Australia,or leaped back in time to the NormanConquest. ----- metaphor.Lesson51. Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month ofSun days, un fettered the in formal essay with his m emorable Old China and Dream ' s Childre n. —metaphor2. There follows an in formal essay that en tures even bey ond Lamb ' metaphor3. the followi ng essay which un dertakes to dem on strate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipli ne,is a livi ng,breath ing thin g,full of beauty,passi on,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,as precise as a chemist ' sscales. --- hyperbole,simile5. My brain ,that precisi on in strume nt,slipped into high gear. ----- mixed metaphor6. I was out one to let my heart rule my head. ----- metonymy7. if you were out of the picture,the field woud be ope n. ------- metaphor8. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. -------- tran sferred epithet9. “ Polly? ” he said in a horrified whisper. transferre—epithet10. Back and forth his head swiveled,desire wax in g,resoluti on waning. — an tithesis11. This loomed as a project of no small dime nsions. ------- un derstateme nt,litotes12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.-------- metonymy13. I might as well waste another.Who knew? ------- rhetorical question14. M aybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered. ---- metaphor15. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----- synecdoche,metonymy16. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor17. It was like digging a tunnel. ------ simile18. I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyed hulk. -------- h yperbole1. Here was the very heart of in dustrial America. ------ metaphor2. here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so in tolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced thewhole aspirati on of man to a macabre and depress ing joke. ---- hyperbole, an tithetical,con trast.3. here were huma n habitati ons so abo min able that they would have disgraced a race of alleycats. ---- hyperbole4. what I allude to is the un broke n and agonizing ugli ness,the sheer revolt ing mon strous ness,ofevery house in sight. ----- hyperbole5. one blinks before a man with his face shot away. ------- simile6. a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somehere further down the line. ------ simile7. The country itself is not un comely. ------ litotes,u nderstateme nt8. Obviously, if there were architects of any professi onal sense or dig nity in the regi on ,theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. ----- sarcasm9. on theire low sides they bury themselves swin ishly in the mud. ------ metaphor10. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of a friedegg. ----- ridicule,iro ny11. they have the most loathsome tow ns and villages ever see n by mortal eye. ---- hyperbole12. I award this champi on ship only after laborious research and in vessa ntprayer. ---- sarcasm,ir ony13. Pullman ,I have whirled through the gloomy,Godforsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas,andthe malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. ------ metaphor14. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius ,uncompromisingly inimical toman. ---- hyperbole,iro ny15. Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners-------- dull,insensate brutes,with nolove of beauty in them? ------ m etorical questi on16. It is in credible that mereig norance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror. ----- sarcasm,iro ny17. On certain levels of the American race,indeed,there seems to be a positive libido for theugly,as on other and less Christia n levels there is a libido for the beautiful. ------ an tithesis18. Beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ------ sarcasm19. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. metaphor1. The slightest men ti on of the decade brings no stalgic recollect ions to the middle-aged and curious questi oningsby the young — tran sferred epithet2. we had reached an intern ati onal stature that would forever preve nt us from retreati ng beh ind the artificial wallsof a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering ocea ns—metaphor3. War or no war,as the gen erati ons passed,it became in creas in gly difficult for our young peopleto accept sta ndards of behavior that bore no relati on ship to the bustl ing bus in ess medium in which they were expected to battle for success. —metaphor4. The war acted merely as a catalytic age nt in this breakdow n of the Victoria n social structure—metaphor5. Gree nwich Village set thee patter n. ---- metonymy6. it was only n atural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens in flamed aga instwar,Babbittry,and “ Puritanical ” gemitaiyhor --------------7. the conven ti ons and to add their own little matchsticks to con flagrati on of “ flam ing youthwas Gree nwich Village that fanned the flames.------ metaphor8. Before long the moveme nt had become officially recog ni zed by the pulpit. ------ metaphor9. who had suffered no real disillusi onment or sense of loss ,now bega n to imitate the manners oftheir elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellio n. ------ metaphor10. An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States,writtenby” thirty intellectuals ” under the editorship of J.Harold Stearns,was the rallying point ofsen sitive pers ons disgusted with America. ----- m etaphor11. the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar. ----- pers oni ficati on, met onymy ,syn ecdoche。

高级英语第二册修辞Lesson13 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson22 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson41United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithsis Lesson5 1Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole2Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesisLesson71Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast 2Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3Obviously,if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof,to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it was tall.—sarcasm4When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor 5I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony6It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony 7They like it as it is:beside it,the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—ironyLesson131Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymy。

Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, andthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seedsmultiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration 6When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson51Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphorLesson71Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here wasa scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlornthat it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor, hyperbole, antithetical contrast 2Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole, antithetical contrast3The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes, understatement4Obviously, if they were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—sarcasm5And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor6When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of anegg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony, metaphor7I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8Safe in a Pullman, Ihave whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony10They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson101The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan ona country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, theflask-toting‖ sheik‖ , and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreignflags.—metonymy6Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖ Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blindand deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。

高级英语第二册修辞汇总1. It is easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an uglysmart girl beautiful. (antithesis) 2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile) 3. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush ofJews. (transferred epithet) 4. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (synecdoche) 5. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.(simile) 6. and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and the traditional artistic center. (metonymy)After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds Puritanical ” gentility, should flock to 7. The conversation was on wings. (metaphor) 8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (antithesis) 9. But we shall not always expect …to remember that, in the p ast, tOose wh foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.(metaphor) 10. Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole) 11. Greenwich Village set the pattern.(metonymy)12. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a goodtaste of twentieth century warfare. (metaphor) 13. The hurricane tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. (personification) 14. The hurricane seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 miles away. (personification)15. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. (simile)16. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.(metaphor) 17. are If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who rich. (antithesis)18. (metaphor) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostilepowers. 19. … yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind 's final war. (synecdoche)20. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (transferred epithet) 21. …，an attempt to treat the worker and empioyee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. (simile) 22. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to middle-aged and curious questionings by the young. (transferred epithet) the 23. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile) 24. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King slides in conversation. (alliteration & simile) ' s English slips and 25. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation had suffered no disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (metaphor) real 26. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; askwhat you can do for your country. (antithesis) 27. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain themaster of its own house. (metaphor) 28. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. (metaphor) 29. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.(personification) 30. …, and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. (simile)31. …，and the n more infan try, four or five thousa nd men in all, winding up theroad with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. (onomatopoeia) 32. No one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (metaphor) 33. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foealike, ...(alliteration)34.that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, ...(parallelism)35.One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (synecdoche)36.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist 'scsales, as penetrating asa scalpel. (simile & hyperbole) 37. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb' sfrontier. (metaphor) 38. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it). (metonymy) 39. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (antithesis) 40. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free government in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition)常见成语汉译英1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21. 金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't beperfect.2 2 .金玉满堂 Treasures fillthe home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24. 脚踩两只船 sit on thefence25. 君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendshipgreen26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried,clich e27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls forreciprocity.28. 留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, thereis hope.29. 马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instantsuccess30. 名利双收 gain in both fame andwealth31. 茅塞顿开 be suddenlyenlightened32 .没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms orstandards.33 .每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far is onthe festivaloccasions when one misses his dearmost.34. 谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes,God disposes.35. 弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunningoutwits itself36. 拿手好戏masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money afterbad38 .抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catcha whale39 .破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat ；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40. 抢得先机take the preemptive opportunitiesIf you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained stepPast experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation sowsand another reaps.45. 前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46. 强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47. 强强联手 win-win co-operation48. 瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49. 人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50. 人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51. 人海战术 huge-crowd strategy 52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;until my heart stops beating56. 上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.57. 塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58. 三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59. 升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60. 四十不惑 Life begins at forty.61. 谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass.by step41.巧妇难为无米之炊 42.千里之行始于足下 43.前事不忘后事之师 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 53.世外桃源 54.死而后已 55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.97. 99. 101.76. 韬光养晦 hide one's capacities and bide one's time 77.78.糖衣炮弹 sugar-coated bullets 79.80.天有不测风云 Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue 81.82.团结就是力量 Unity is strength 。

高级英语2修辞总结Lesson 1: XXXPub Talk has a Charm of its OwnGrowing up in English pubs。

I have come to XXX。

It maybe due to my upbringing that I find it XXX meanders。

leaps。

sparkles。

and glows。

No one knows where it will go。

Suddenly。

XXX。

and the XXX.XXXXXX。

we often make ns to history。

We reference the musketeers of Dumas。

the descendants of convicts。

Saxon churls。

and XXX.XXXXXX for effect。

For example。

getting out of bed on the wrong side is not a XXX。

we may say it to add humor or emphasize a point.XXXXXX。

They help us express complex ideas in a simple way。

For instance。

we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes ofthe XXX and way of life。

Another example is the XXX ideas spread like seeds。

XXX.Avoiding Slip-XXXWhile pub talk has its charm。

it is XXX in our language。

Itis essential to XXX.5.The n een ns can e n and mistrust。

英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。

明喻的表达方法是：A像B。

2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。

喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。

暗喻又叫隐喻。

例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。

（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。

4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。

就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。

5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。

夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。

转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。

转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。

10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles a way. ----personification(拟人)5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys, no womenthreaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —-- elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —- synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will pro bably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side b y side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike ….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challen ge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales , as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ---- metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ---- allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody16."Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ---- metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)26.Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-—ridicule （讽刺）8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)9. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor10.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)11. …, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisinglyinimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony18. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such master pieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,acheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by thewar and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor 7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among theEnglish,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to removepermanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。

L e s s o n11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor暗喻2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile 明喻3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600;00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification拟人5. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor6. Everybody out the back door to the cars—ellipsis 省略7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile8. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就9. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees; and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth; likea derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth; they sweat and starve for a few years; andthen they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers; like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column; a mile or two miles of armed men; flowing peacefully up theroad; while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction; glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners all men and boys; no women threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels; wailing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe; turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly; from the dark holes all round; there was a frenzied rush ofJews; many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards; all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet8. Still; a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche 提喻9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southwarda long; dusty column; infantry; screw-gun batteries; and then more infantry; four or five thousand men in all; winding up the road with aclumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile; not contemptuous; not sullen; not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy; who is a French citizen and has therefore beendragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrisontowns; actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor2. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place; and all atonce there was a focus. ----metaphor3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor4. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks; or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side issimply not a concern.--—metaphor5. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor6. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.-----sarcasm反讽7. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who; although they lived sideby side with each other; did not delve into each other's lives or therecesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile8. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who; although they lived side by side with each other; did not delve into; each other’s liv es or therecesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile9. Is the phrase in Shakespeare ----metonymy10. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock; and its seedsmultiplied; and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile11. Even with the most educated and the most literate; the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration12. When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age;” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase; the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson 41. United; there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided; there is little we can do; for we dare not meet a power fullchallenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past; those who foolishly sought powe r by riding the back ofthe tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear; but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression 回环:A-B-C4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so; my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis; regression 回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom;symbolizing an end as well as a beginning; signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place; to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know; whether it wishes us well or i11; that we shallpay any price; bear any burden; meet any hardship; support any friend;oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United; there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided; there is little we can do; for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor; it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis11. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition12. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor13. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboringthose problems which divide us. -----antithesis14.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor15. The energy; the faith; the devotion which we bring to this endeavorwill light our country and all who serve it; and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor16. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor17.With a good conscience our only sure reward; with history the finaljudge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson51. Read; then; the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic; far from being a dry; pedantic discipline; is a living; breathing thing; full of beauty; passion; and trauma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb; as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays; unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor3. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion 倒装4. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo; as precise as a chemist's scales; as penetrating as a scalpel.-----simile5. My brain; that precision instrument; slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-metaphor6.Same age; same background; but dumb as an ox. ----simile7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻8. "I may do better than that;" I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind; a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. We went to the Knoll; the campus trysting place; and we sat down under an old oak; and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion 11. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned; ----allusion12. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein; and my monster had me bythe throat. ----allusion13.The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance 半谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled; desire waxing; resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me; or me to Polly —parody16."Your girl;" I said; mincing no words. ----litotes 间接肯定17. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes orunderstatement18. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind; a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor19. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche20.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor21. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws; kept hammering away without let-up. ----metaphor22. Suddenly; a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----metaphor23. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor24.. You are the whole world to me; and the moon and the stars and theconstellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor25. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax 递进26.Look at me--a brilliant student; a tremendous intellectual; a man withan assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head; a jitterbug; a guy who'llnever know where his next meal is coming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America; the center of its mostlucrative and characteristic activity; the boast and pride of the richest andgrandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfullyhideous; so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation; almost beyond imagination and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis3. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness; the sheer revolting monstrousness; of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet4.…; there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult andlacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives 双否5.There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards;and there was not one that was not misshapen; and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives6. The country itself is not uncomely; despite the grime of the endlessmills.—litotes or understatement7. Obviously; if their were architects of any professional sense or dignityin the region; they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—achalet with a high-pitched roof; to throw off the heavy winter snows; but still essentially a low and clinging building; wider than it was tall.-—ridicule 讽刺8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards; with anarrow; low-pitched roof. ----inversion 倒装9. On their deep sides they are three; four and even five stories high; ontheir low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud.----metaphor10.But what brick -----ellipsis 省略11. …; and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye . ---- hyperbole12. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony; sarcasm13. And one and all they are streaked in grime; with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor 14. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring.—ridicule; irony; metaphor15. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony16. Safe in a Pullman; I have whirled through the gloomy;God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas; and the malarious tidewater hamlets ofGeorgia.—antonomasia 换称：专有名词指代一般名词 or allusion17. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius; uncompromisingly inimical to man; had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making ofthem.—hyperbole; irony18. They like it as it is: beside it; the Parthenon would no doubt offendthem.—irony19. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor20.A few linger in memory; horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare; leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line.----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it; the Parthenon would no doubt offendthem. ---- antonomasia 换称：专有名词指代一般名词 or allusion 24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egglong past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius; uncompromisingly inimical to man; had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making ofthem. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs; it must be obvious; give a genuine delight to acertain type of mind. ----synecdoche 提喻27. Thus I suspect though confessedly without knowing that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county; and especially the100% Americans among them; actually admire the houses they live in;and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations;those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls;between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees;past great parks and public buildings;processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air;under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets;farther and nearer and ever approaching;a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why;and some do not;but they allunderstand that their happiness;the beauty of their city;the tenderness of their friendships;the health of their children;the wisdom of their scholars;the skill of their makers;even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies;depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed;after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ;and darkness for its eyes;and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy;of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality;and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty;jazzy parties;the flask-toting”sheik”;and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second;in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us fromretreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor 3.War or no war;as the generations passed;it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure;and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which;after the shooting was over;were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916;the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States;and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens;and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt;our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now;in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country;they were being asked to curb those energies and resume thepose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war;it was only natural that hopeful young writers;their minds and pens inflamed againstwar;Babbittry;and”Puritanical”gentility;should flock to the traditional artistic centerwhere living was still cheap in 19to pour out their new-found creative strength;to tear down the old world; to flout ht morality of their grandfathers;and to give all to art;love;and sensation.—metonymy ;synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation;who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry; and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss;now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things;but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar;there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification;metonymy ;synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English;and at the same time;below the noisy arguments;the abuse and the quarrels;there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling;not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men;either on the board or the shop floor;and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand;to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits;is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass; which has already conquered most of the Western world;and Englishness; ailing and impoverished;in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars;francs;Deutschmarks and the rest;for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this;at least superficially; Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world;merelyoffering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things are important;states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon;and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered;they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools;the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns;and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality;the latest figures of profit and loss;a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true;whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did;I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him;suffered a speciesof breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There; in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished;I must say;from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America;I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant;of course;to imply that it happens to them all;for Europe can be very crippling too;and;anyway;a writer;when he has made his first breakthrough;has simply won a crucial skirmish ina dangerous;unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists;they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain;snow;taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New;it is the writer;not the statesman;who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every whereenlisted able men of every profession;including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific;for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured;not killed.I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law;a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who;let us say;neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymy Lesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves;tranquil and luxurious;that shut out the world.—synecdoche;metaphor。