英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift
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英汉翻译技巧:减词(Omission)E-C.1. A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
(省冠词)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)2. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.气压低,沸点就低。
(省动词)(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社) 3. It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10.5-mile race over a course through steep exhausting hills.那是九月初的一天,秋高气爽,阳光明媚,正是赛跑的好时光。
我正参加一场10.5英里的比赛,刚跑了几英里。
比赛路线要穿越一些陡峭、使人精疲力竭的山坡。
(省连词)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)4. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。
(省强调句中的it)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)5. One must make painstaking efforts before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.要掌握一门外语,非下苦功夫不可。
(省代词)(靳梅琳<英汉翻译概要>南开大学出版社)6. Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自寻麻烦。
(省名词)(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社) 7. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, othertechniques, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.Compiler: 许建平等Date: 2000年E-CPassage 1①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,had been a patient there.④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.①上次到巴哈马度假期间,我沿着海滩漫步,海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚,此时此刻,我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体,尽管我显得微不足道,就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
考研英语翻译五种转换技巧出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语翻译五种转换技巧,更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语翻译五种转换技巧在考研英语翻译中,英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。
这种变通技巧就是转换法(shiftofperspective)。
转换的形式多种多样,大体可分为5种:①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换。
一、词类转换词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类。
(一)英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词(1)Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestistherefor eapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman.因此,对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲,培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式,乃是至关重要的对策。
(2)TheRedArmyMenmarchedonbravelyagainstthepiercingwind.红军冒着刺骨的寒风英勇前进。
(3)Allwereunconsciousthatthisexperiencewasatestofcharact er;and,whenthefirstexcitementwasover,feltthattheyhaddonewell,anddeservedpraise.大家都没有认识到这番经验却是一次个性的考验,最初的兴奋过去以后,又觉得自己已经干得不错了,理应受到赞扬。
(4)Heappearedatherside,breathingaudibly,amomentaftershereachedthestop.Shegazedahead,rigid.她到车站不一会儿,他便出现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的声音。
她凝视着前方,表情严峻。
(5)Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.然而,对所有这两种类型的人来说,变换一下看法、改变一下环境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。
补充材料:英汉、汉英翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)E-C.1. The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.(语态的转换)2. Her parents are both in their seventies.(表达方式的转换)3. If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. (条件状语转换成结果状语)4. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)5. "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.(介词转换成动词)6. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.(名词转换成动词)7. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.(词序调整)8. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.(词序调整)9. It is a good workman that never blunders.(反说正译)10. Keep off the lawn!11.That fellow is far from being honest.12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.(正说反译)13 I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.汉译:我在开始受教育之前,就像这样一条船,只是没有罗盘,没有测深绳,也无法知道离海港有多远。
⼆、句⼦成分转换句⼦成分转换是指英语中的某⼀句⼦成分已成汉语时转换成另⼀种句⼦成分。
1、主语和宾语转换有灵动词:有⽣命的主语接⽆灵动词:⽆⽣命的主语接American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨⼤贡献。
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.她虽没有完全失去镇静,可是却⼜找不出话可说。
Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day.他于 9 ⽉ 3 ⽇攻克了布鲁塞尔,次⽇⼜拿下了安特卫普。
2、定语和宾语转换Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.⾃建国以来,每⼀代美国⼈都被要求宣誓效忠于祖国。
3、定语和状语转换He will give an immediate reply.他会⽴即答复。
三、表达⽅式转换score, dozen, decade, quarterFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年She will be back in the last ten days of June.六⽉下旬During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年轻时His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。
汉译英的方法和技巧
1.增译法:
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
2.省译法:
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
3.转换法:
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。
这种变通技巧就是转换法(shift of perspective)。
4.合并法:
由于文化上的差异,英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解,甚至误解。
这时,就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。
归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。
恰
倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼,便于译入语读者理解和接受。
E-C英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。
(语态的转换)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)Her parents are both in their seventies.她父母都已年过古稀。
(表达方式的转换)(陈刚)If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。
(条件状语转换成结果状语)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)“C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
E-C
英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)
The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.
旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。
(语态的转换)
(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)
Her parents are both in their seventies.
她父母都已年过古稀。
(表达方式的转换)
(陈刚)
If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.
孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。
(条件状语转换成结果状语)
(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)
You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)
“C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
(介词转换成动词)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.
华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。
(名词转换成动词)
(《新实用英译汉教程》)
I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.
我同样认为,欧洲应该日益团结起来,并且用一个共同的声音说话,这是符合全世界的利益的。
(词序调整)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.
当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。
(词序调整)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
It is a good workman that never blunders.
智者千虑,必有一失。
(反说正译)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Keep off the lawn!
请勿践踏草地!(正说反译)
(华先发:《新实用英译汉教程》,湖北教育出版社)。