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2018届高三英语阅读理解（主旨大意题）阅读理解主要有以下几种题型：主旨大意题、事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题主旨大意题包括：文章主旨、段落大意、文章标题【文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式】题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarise等词。
此类题的设题形式有：1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.2. What is the passage mainly about?3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage?4. Which of the following can summarise the main idea of the passage?5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?6. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.7. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.8. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?9. What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。
此类题的设题方式有：1. The best title for the passage might be ________.2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?【主旨大意题解题策略】阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
夏季活动学生们应与其父母或看管人一同阅读列表，并选择两种他们想做的活动。
表格可以在学校或网上进行填写，写明选择何种活动后交还学校。
选择最终确定之前，父母或看管人将会B许多人喜欢7月，因为7月的大自然盛产浆果类和核果类水果。
来自英属哥伦比亚土地上色彩斑斓、香甜可口的“宝石”，在其产地享受着滋养保护。
在普通的浆果类水果中，草莓的维生素C含量最高，尽管这是因为草莓的种子、覆盆子含有稍多一些的蛋白质，还有铁和锌（并不是说水果都有很多的蛋白质）。
蓝莓含有特别多的抗氧化物质。
黄色和橙色的核果类水果我们可以转化为维生素A，也就是抗氧化物质，比如富含类胡萝卜素的桃子。
对于樱桃而言，那么好吃，谁还在乎营养呢？然而，樱桃也是富含维生素C的。
冷冻香蕉作为基础，再加上浆果或其他水果薄片，可以制作出浓郁冰爽的水果昔和低脂的“冰淇淋”。
为了制作水果昔和“冰淇淋”，选择成熟的香蕉冷冻，因为成熟的香蕉更甜。
剥去香蕉皮，放在塑料袋或容器内冷冻。
如果你喜欢的话，可以压榨鲜柠檬汁滴在香蕉上，防止香蕉变成棕色。
冷冻香蕉可以保存数周，这取决于香蕉的成熟程度以及冷藏温度。
如果你有榨汁机，可以将冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或切片的水果直接放进去。
榨出来的“软质”奶油甜点要尽快食用。
在孩子们的派对上，这是项有趣的活动。
他们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉放入榨汁机的顶部，然后看着冰淇淋从机器底部出来。
根据“常识媒体”周一发布的报告显示，青少年和少儿阅读量很多，但却很少是因为阅读有趣。
报告中一些数据表明,尽管过去十年间青少年阅读者的数量大幅度下降，但阅读仍占据很多儿童生活的一大部分以及表明父母可能如何帮助鼓励（孩子）更多阅读。
报告中有一处关键性发现，“1984年8%的13岁孩子和9%的17岁青少年称他们‘几乎没有’趣味阅读，而这一比例在如今分别升至22%和27%。
”报告数据显示，年龄在2岁到8岁间的少儿快乐阅读的水平大体保持一致。
但是每学期花在阅读上的时间减少了，从每学期大约一个多小时减少至不足半个小时。
主旨大意本类考题解答锦囊一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。
主题句一般具有三个特点：1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。
一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。
通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。
2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。
表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。
位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。
3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。
此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。
这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。
屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。
采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。
值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。
5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。
尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。
阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。
2018届高考英语阅读主旨要义篇复习汇编level cities of the Yangtze River Delta．The map introduces information of intercity coach lines, car parks, subway transfers．It will be distributed free at highway tolls and is also available for download on the website．The other one focuses on visitors in Shanghai．The map will detail the various entries leading to the Expo site, as well as bus stops and subway stations around the city．The introduction of over 90 bus lines connecting the Expo garden to the rest of the city will also be listed．The map will be available at hotels, railway stations, airports and residential areas．Option 3 Radio and television broadcastsVisitors can also get updated traffic information at home or on their mobile devices as the Shanghai Traffic information center will broadcast live traffic condition via radio and TV during the event, so that travelers can adjust their travel plan accordingly．Option 4 Expo transport hotlineIf radio and television broadcasts can not meet your needs of traffic information, organizers in Shanghai have also set up a special hotline for Expo traffic enquiries．There will be two hotline numbers 96time traffic conditions via mobile phone browsers．Traffic information will also be provided to car mounted terminals on the 4,000 Expo taxis, which will enable drivers to have timely access to real-time status on roads．Option 7 Touch screen enquiry machineAs for visitors who stay at hotels who are unfamiliar with the place, the tourism bureau have set up in more than four。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标全国卷I第二部分阅读理解第一节A华盛顿特区的自行车观光游樱花自行车观光游骑行时长: 3小时三五成群的骑着自行车去观赏世界闻名的华府樱花，其情美矣。
骑行导游将为你讲述这些樱树以及樱花盛开的著名纪念馆的背后历史。
在樱花飘落之前，快快将这番美景定格住吧。
首都纪念馆自行车观光游骑行时长: 3小时（4英里）跟团进行自行车观光游，去参观华盛顿特区最受欢迎的纪念馆吧。
你可以一边探访国家广场上的纪念馆和纪念碑，一边听导游分享每一处的独特和历史。
跟团观光提供自行车、贝雷帽、甜饼干和矿泉水。
都城自行车观光游骑行时长: 3小时或早晨或傍晚，自行车观光游可谓为是新到访者和当地人探访华盛顿特区的绝佳方式，既健康又轻便。
见多识广的导游会将美国总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的有关故事向你娓娓道来。
舒适的观光自行车、贴心的观光路线定可以让不同景点间的骑行变得有趣和愉悦。
首都景点夜间自行车观光游骑行时长：3小时（7英里）跟着旅行团一起骑车观光，欣赏夜里的华盛顿特区的市中心。
骑车去往国会山和国家广场，然后来一次与纪念馆和纪念碑的亲密接触。
旅行团会不时停下来以让你自由拍照，并且还会为你讲解景点的独特和历史。
观光游提供自行车、头盔和矿泉水。
所有骑手都会穿戴反光衣和安全灯。
B每天早上，《早安英国》的Susanna Reid都会坐在沙发上向观众们问好。
但是在她的最新节目里，她开始烹饪——教给家庭如何准备既美味营养又省钱的美食。
在《教你如何通过食材中省钱》里，她每周会访问一家不同的家庭，并由大厨Matt Tebbut来向受访家庭传授减少食物浪费的小妙招儿，由此可以在花费不到5英镑的情况下，便能准备好一个家庭一天的食物。
《早安英国》的主持人表示，她已经将很多省钱妙招儿用在了自己家里，为她的儿子，14岁的Sam，13岁的Finn和11岁的Jack 准备食物。
“我们一家人都很喜欢墨西哥小油条，所以我就通过电话在我家当地的墨西哥外卖餐厅买了一些，”她解释道。
2018高考英语（通用）二轮训练：阅读理解（主旨大意）含答案阅读理解----主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：1．What is the best title for this passage?2．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3．What’s the main idea of the text?4．The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that .1．标题归纳类标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。
名师点津干扰项特点1．以偏概全；2.断章取义；3.主题扩大；4.张冠李戴；5.无中生有。
典题印证(2016·全国Ⅱ，C片段)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”32．What is the best title for the text?A．Online Reading：A Virtual TourB．Electronic Books：A New TrendC．A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD．A Website Links People Through Books答案 D解析标题归纳题。
2018高考英语主旨大意+泛读一轮练习（11）及答案【阅读理解----主旨大意】(2017·浙江，A)Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.__The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.__ That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a well－known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
2018届高三英语阅读理解专题之主旨大意文章主旨和段落大意题常见的设题方式题干中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarize等词。
此类题的设题形式有：1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.2. What is the passage mainly about?3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage?4. Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?6. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.7. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.8. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?9. What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?【概括文章标题常见的设题方式】题干中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。
此类题的设题方式有：1. The best title for the passage might be ________.2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?【主旨大意题解题策略】阅读时，文章的开头、结尾（或段落的段首、段尾）特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候，文章（或段落）中没有明确的主题句，则需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章（或段落）的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
【主旨大意题应考技巧】技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题技巧2：定位中心句技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词技巧4：同义概括，或取其一【技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题】大多数文章的主旨可能出现在开头或结尾，于是头尾显得很重要。
因此，做主旨大意题时，我们可以先浏览一下头尾，试图抓住大意。
Passage 1Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information isbeing spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”【语篇解读】本文为议论文。
俗话说，好事不出门，坏事传千里。
但是研究者们通过跟踪和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现，人与人之间更多分享的是那些给人们带来积极情绪的好消息，而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。
What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB. Online News Attracts More PeopleC. Reading Habits Change with the TimesD. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks【技巧2：定位中心句】主题句的位置往往由文章体裁所决定。
议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分—总”的模式，第一段提出论点，然后是论据部分，最后一段得出结论（论点的重申），所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
而新闻报道却是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等，主题句常出现在首段首句。
记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子很可能是主题句。
以下是寻找主题句的四个小窍门：1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。
Passage 2A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and SleepB. Fat, Sugar and HealthC. An Experiment on MiceD. Milk Drinking and Health【技巧3：无明显主题句时找高频词】任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
